disinfozone/The_Info_Web
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions

vault backup: 2026-10-09 23:15:23

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
disinfo.zone 2026-10-09 23:15:23 -04:00
parent 5a67e27f97
commit 0e100ebd49
No known key found for this signature in database
49 changed files with 2106 additions and 522 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

48
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Robert Maxwell.md
View file

@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ born: 1923-06-10
died: 1991-11-05
location: "London, United Kingdom"
created: 2024-04-25
updated: 2026-09-25
updated: 2026-10-09
relations:
- type: founded
with: "[[Pergamon Press]]"
@ -93,29 +93,31 @@ Three pathologists examining the body reached differing conclusions, one favorin
### Intelligence Allegations
Allegations that Maxwell worked for Israeli intelligence were aired publicly in October 1991, shortly before his death, when [[Seymour Hersh]] discussed his book [[The Samson Option]] at a London press conference, asserting that Maxwell and his Daily Mirror foreign editor [[Nicholas Davies]] had links to Israeli intelligence and that Davies was involved in Israeli arms dealing.[^17] Hersh further alleged that Maxwell had relayed information to the Israeli embassy in London that led to the capture of the nuclear whistleblower [[Mordechai Vanunu]], a claim Maxwell denounced as a total invention.[^17] Labour MP [[George Galloway]] and Conservative MP [[Rupert Allason]] raised the espionage claims in the [[House of Commons]] under parliamentary privilege on October 21, 1991, and Maxwell sued Hersh and his British publisher for libel; after Maxwell's death the action lapsed, and the Mirror Group later apologized to Hersh and paid damages.[^17] The allegations against Davies were also the subject of an Early Day Motion in the Commons, EDM 2134, "Mirror Group Newspapers and Israeli Intelligence."[^18] Galloway used parliamentary privilege again in January 1996, in a debate on [[Saudi Arabia]], to allege that commissions on the [[Al-Yamamah]] arms sales had been paid through middlemen including [[Mark Thatcher]] and the defense contractor [[Douglas Leese]], whom [[Steven Hoffenberg]] later credited with introducing him to Jeffrey Epstein.[^19][^20]
Allegations that Maxwell worked for Israeli intelligence were aired publicly in October 1991, shortly before his death, when [[Seymour Hersh]] discussed his book [[The Samson Option]] at a London press conference, asserting that Maxwell and his Daily Mirror foreign editor [[Nicholas Davies]] had links to Israeli intelligence and that Davies was involved in Israeli arms dealing.[^17] Hersh further alleged that Maxwell had relayed information to the Israeli embassy in London that led to the capture of the nuclear whistleblower [[Mordechai Vanunu]], a claim Maxwell denounced as a total invention.[^17] Labour MP [[George Galloway]] and Conservative MP [[Rupert Allason]] raised the espionage claims in the [[House of Commons]] under parliamentary privilege on October 22, 1991, and Maxwell sued Hersh and his British publisher for libel; the Mirror Group later apologized to Hersh and paid damages.[^17] The allegations against Davies were also the subject of an Early Day Motion in the Commons, EDM 2134, "Mirror Group Newspapers and Israeli Intelligence."[^18] Galloway used parliamentary privilege again in January 1996, in a debate on [[Saudi Arabia]], to allege that commissions on the [[Al-Yamamah]] arms sales had been paid through middlemen including [[Mark Thatcher]] and the defense contractor [[Douglas Leese]], whom [[Steven Hoffenberg]] later credited with introducing him to Jeffrey Epstein.[^19][^20]
The most detailed espionage account came from [[Ari Ben-Menashe]], a self-described former employee of the Israeli [[Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)|Military Intelligence Directorate]], who claimed in his 1992 book [[Profits of War]] that Maxwell and Davies were long-time [[Mossad]] assets, and that Davies had tipped him to Vanunu's 1986 approach to the [[Sunday Mirror]] over the photographs Vanunu had taken at [[Dimona]], introducing him to Vanunu's intermediary [[Oscar Guerrero]]; Vanunu was subsequently lured from London to [[Rome]], seized by Israeli operatives, and convicted in Israel.[^21][^22]
Seymour Hersh's book *The Samson Option* was published in Britain on Monday, October 21, 1991, and on the following day the MPs George Galloway and Rupert Allason repeated its allegations about Maxwell and Nicholas Davies in the House of Commons under parliamentary privilege.[^21] On October 23, 1991, Maxwell, then in New York, sought an injunction against distribution of the book, and Mirror Group Newspapers said libel writs were being issued against [[Faber and Faber]]. Maxwell said, "The accusations against me are ludicrous, a total invention."[^22] Newsweek reported on November 4, 1991 that Maxwell had sued, Davies had sued, and Faber and Faber had sued back.[^23] On Thursday, August 18, 1994, Mirror Group Newspapers apologized "unreservedly" in court for a series of October 1991 articles attacking Hersh and Faber and Faber, acknowledged that its attacks were "entirely improper," and agreed to pay Hersh and his publisher "substantial damages and meet their legal costs."[^24]
The Welsh author Gordon Thomas, in [[Gideon's Spies]] (1999) and the later book Robert Maxwell, Israel's Superspy (2002), drew partly on Ben-Menashe and on the Israeli operative [[Rafi Eitan]] to allege that Maxwell helped distribute a version of the [[PROMIS]] case-management software that Israeli technicians had fitted with a hidden "trapdoor," enabling Israel to monitor the foreign agencies that bought it, marketing it through the [[Tel Aviv]] firm [[Degem|Degem Computers]].[^7][^23] In these accounts Maxwell received a flat fee of about 8 million dollars plus a percentage of revenues, and the agencies said to have received the software through his network included those of the [[United Kingdom]], Australia, Canada, South Korea, Poland, the [[Soviet Union]], [[South Africa]], Jordan, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Nicaragua, with an abridged version said to have been sold to [[Credit Suisse]] in 1985 and a Soviet sale in the late 1980s facilitated by the lifting of [[IBM]] export restrictions.[^7][^21] [[INSLAW]] separately alleged that Maxwell contributed 600,000 dollars from a joint U.S.-Israeli intelligence slush fund to secure the removal of its lead litigation counsel [[Leigh Ratiner]], and that the former senator [[John Tower]] had approached Maxwell in 1984 on behalf of a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]-connected group to formalize his role as the PROMIS marketing intermediary; the [[Nicholas J. Bua|Bua Report]] found no credible evidence for these claims.[^21][^24]
The most detailed espionage account came from [[Ari Ben-Menashe]], a self-described former employee of the Israeli [[Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel)|Military Intelligence Directorate]], who claimed in his 1992 book [[Profits of War]] that Maxwell and Davies were long-time [[Mossad]] assets, and that Davies had tipped him to Vanunu's 1986 approach to the [[Sunday Mirror]] over the photographs Vanunu had taken at [[Dimona]], introducing him to Vanunu's intermediary [[Oscar Guerrero]]; Vanunu was subsequently lured from London to [[Rome]], seized by Israeli operatives, and convicted in Israel.[^25][^26]
Ben-Menashe's reliability has been repeatedly questioned, including by a 1993 congressional task force, and no declassified record has substantiated the PROMIS-distribution or recruitment allegations; an Israeli prime minister's spokesman dismissed Thomas's claims as "unmitigated drivel."[^7][^25] In February 1994 INSLAW argued that twenty pages the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] had released under the [[Freedom of Information Act]] showed its Albuquerque office had run a foreign counterintelligence investigation of Maxwell and one of his companies, and that this must concern a PROMIS sale to a defense installation in [[New Mexico]]; the [[Department of Justice|Justice Department]]'s reviewers, having read the unredacted documents, called the inference "a remarkable leap" and wrote that "none of the documents in question even mentioned INSLAW or PROMIS... In short, there is nothing of which we are aware that links Mr. Maxwell to PROMIS."[^26] Maxwell was also long rumored to have had contacts with British intelligence and, given his Eastern European origins and trading ties, with the Soviet [[KGB]], though these characterizations rest on journalistic sourcing rather than disclosed files, and no archive of any of the three services has been released that confirms a formal agent relationship.[^2][^7]
The Welsh author Gordon Thomas, in [[Gideon's Spies]] (1999) and the later book Robert Maxwell, Israel's Superspy (2002), drew partly on Ben-Menashe and on the Israeli operative [[Rafi Eitan]] to allege that Maxwell helped distribute a version of the [[PROMIS]] case-management software that Israeli technicians had fitted with a hidden "trapdoor," enabling Israel to monitor the foreign agencies that bought it, marketing it through the [[Tel Aviv]] firm [[Degem|Degem Computers]].[^7][^27] In these accounts Maxwell received a flat fee of about 8 million dollars plus a percentage of revenues, and the agencies said to have received the software through his network included those of the [[United Kingdom]], Australia, Canada, South Korea, Poland, the [[Soviet Union]], [[South Africa]], Jordan, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Nicaragua, with an abridged version said to have been sold to [[Credit Suisse]] in 1985 and a Soviet sale in the late 1980s facilitated by the lifting of [[IBM]] export restrictions.[^7][^25] [[INSLAW]] separately alleged that Maxwell contributed 600,000 dollars from a joint U.S.-Israeli intelligence slush fund to secure the removal of its lead litigation counsel [[Leigh Ratiner]], and that the former senator [[John Tower]] had approached Maxwell in 1984 on behalf of a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]-connected group to formalize his role as the PROMIS marketing intermediary; the [[Nicholas J. Bua|Bua Report]] found no credible evidence for these claims.[^25][^28]
Ben-Menashe's reliability has been repeatedly questioned, including by a 1993 congressional task force, and no declassified record has substantiated the PROMIS-distribution or recruitment allegations; an Israeli prime minister's spokesman dismissed Thomas's claims as "unmitigated drivel."[^7][^29] In February 1994 INSLAW argued that twenty pages the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] had released under the [[Freedom of Information Act]] showed its Albuquerque office had run a foreign counterintelligence investigation of Maxwell and one of his companies, and that this must concern a PROMIS sale to a defense installation in [[New Mexico]]; the [[Department of Justice|Justice Department]]'s reviewers, having read the unredacted documents, called the inference "a remarkable leap" and wrote that "none of the documents in question even mentioned INSLAW or PROMIS... In short, there is nothing of which we are aware that links Mr. Maxwell to PROMIS."[^30] Maxwell was also long rumored to have had contacts with British intelligence and, given his Eastern European origins and trading ties, with the Soviet [[KGB]], though these characterizations rest on journalistic sourcing rather than disclosed files, and no archive of any of the three services has been released that confirms a formal agent relationship.[^2][^7]
### Murder Allegations
Two former Israeli intelligence figures alleged that Maxwell was killed on Mossad orders. The former case officer [[Victor Ostrovsky]], in his 1994 memoir *The Other Side of Deception*, wrote that Maxwell had become a liability once his empire began collapsing and had threatened to expose Mossad operations unless the agency rescued him financially, ending the passage with the line, "On that cold night Mossad's problems with Robert Maxwell were over."[^27] Gordon Thomas and Martin Dillon, in *Robert Maxwell, Israel's Superspy* (2002), identified [[Rafael Eitan|Rafi Eitan]] as having overseen an assassination and named the operative they said carried it out only by the pseudonym "Efraim," describing the killing as having occurred on the aft deck of the Lady Ghislaine before the body entered the water.[^23] Maxwell's family and the Spanish judicial finding rejected all foul-play theories, and no official inquiry has substantiated them; the proximity of Maxwell's death to that of the journalist [[Danny Casolaro]] 87 days earlier, whose "[[The Octopus]]" investigation had encompassed the PROMIS distribution network, was noted by INSLAW and congressional investigators.[^7][^24]
Two former Israeli intelligence figures alleged that Maxwell was killed on Mossad orders. The former case officer [[Victor Ostrovsky]], in his 1994 memoir *The Other Side of Deception*, wrote that Maxwell had become a liability once his empire began collapsing and had threatened to expose Mossad operations unless the agency rescued him financially, ending the passage with the line, "On that cold night Mossad's problems with Robert Maxwell were over."[^31] Gordon Thomas and Martin Dillon, in *Robert Maxwell, Israel's Superspy* (2002), identified [[Rafael Eitan|Rafi Eitan]] as having overseen an assassination and named the operative they said carried it out only by the pseudonym "Efraim," describing the killing as having occurred on the aft deck of the Lady Ghislaine before the body entered the water.[^27] Maxwell's family and the Spanish judicial finding rejected all foul-play theories, and no official inquiry has substantiated them; the proximity of Maxwell's death to that of the journalist [[Danny Casolaro]] 87 days earlier, whose "[[The Octopus]]" investigation had encompassed the PROMIS distribution network, was noted by INSLAW and congressional investigators.[^7][^28]
### The Allegations in JPMorgan's Files and Epstein's Email
The Mossad allegations entered the compliance record of [[JPMorgan Chase|JPMorgan]]. On December 6, 2013 the Reputation Risk Committee of the bank's asset management division met in the office of its chair, John Duffy, to review the account of Ghislaine Maxwell, which the summary said had been "originally referred to the PB by Jes Staley," referring to [[Jes Staley]] and the private bank. The summary described her as "the daughter of the late Robert Maxwell," recounted the collapse of his companies and the theft from their pension funds, and stated: "Shortly before Maxwell's death, a former employee of Israel's [[Aman|Military Intelligence Directorate]] intelligence agency Ari Ben-Menashe, had approached a number of news organizations in Britain and the United States with the allegation that Maxwell and the Daily Mirror's foreign editor, Nicholas [surname omitted in the document] were both long-time agents for Mossad. Ben-Menashe also claimed that in 1986 Maxwell had told the Israeli Embassy in London that [[Mordecai Vanunu|Mordechai Vanunu]] had given information about Israel's nuclear capability to [[The Sunday Times]], then to the Daily Mirror. Vanunu was subsequently kidnapped by Mossad and smuggled to Israel, convicted of treason and imprisoned for 18 years." Under negative news it listed 2011 reports "alleging Maxwell solicited young girls for then boyfriend Jeffrey Epstein" and noted that Epstein "is currently being exited from the Bank." The committee's decision was "Exit client," for the reason "Negative media."[^28] The summary was filed as an exhibit in the [[United States Virgin Islands]]' 2023 suit against the bank.[^28]
The Mossad allegations entered the compliance record of [[JPMorgan Chase|JPMorgan]]. On December 6, 2013 the Reputation Risk Committee of the bank's asset management division met in the office of its chair, John Duffy, to review the account of Ghislaine Maxwell, which the summary said had been "originally referred to the PB by Jes Staley," referring to [[Jes Staley]] and the private bank. The summary described her as "the daughter of the late Robert Maxwell," recounted the collapse of his companies and the theft from their pension funds, and stated: "Shortly before Maxwell's death, a former employee of Israel's [[Aman|Military Intelligence Directorate]] intelligence agency Ari Ben-Menashe, had approached a number of news organizations in Britain and the United States with the allegation that Maxwell and the Daily Mirror's foreign editor, Nicholas [surname omitted in the document] were both long-time agents for Mossad. Ben-Menashe also claimed that in 1986 Maxwell had told the Israeli Embassy in London that [[Mordecai Vanunu|Mordechai Vanunu]] had given information about Israel's nuclear capability to [[The Sunday Times]], then to the Daily Mirror. Vanunu was subsequently kidnapped by Mossad and smuggled to Israel, convicted of treason and imprisoned for 18 years." Under negative news it listed 2011 reports "alleging Maxwell solicited young girls for then boyfriend Jeffrey Epstein" and noted that Epstein "is currently being exited from the Bank." The committee's decision was "Exit client," for the reason "Negative media."[^32] The summary was filed as an exhibit in the [[United States Virgin Islands]]' 2023 suit against the bank.[^32]
On March 15, 2018 Epstein sent an email with the subject line "he was passed away" to a recipient whose name is redacted. It consisted of quoted passages, their source not shown, stating that "Robert Maxwell 'threatened Mossad," that he told the agency "unless they gave him £400million to save his crumbling empire, he would expose all he had done for them," that "he had free access to [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s Downing Street, to [[Ronald Reagan]]'s [[White House]], to the Kremlin and to the corridors of power throughout Europe," that "Maxwell passed on all the secrets he learned to Mossad in Tel Aviv," and that "He appointed himself as Israel's unofficial ambassador to the Soviet Bloc."[^29]
On March 15, 2018 Epstein sent an email with the subject line "he was passed away" to a recipient whose name is redacted. It consisted of quoted passages, their source not shown, stating that "Robert Maxwell 'threatened Mossad," that he told the agency "unless they gave him £400million to save his crumbling empire, he would expose all he had done for them," that "he had free access to [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s Downing Street, to [[Ronald Reagan]]'s [[White House]], to the Kremlin and to the corridors of power throughout Europe," that "Maxwell passed on all the secrets he learned to Mossad in Tel Aviv," and that "He appointed himself as Israel's unofficial ambassador to the Soviet Bloc."[^33]
### Funeral in Jerusalem
Maxwell's body was flown to Israel, and on November 10, 1991, he was given a state-style funeral and buried on the [[Mount of Olives]] in [[Jerusalem]], one of Judaism's most revered burial grounds.[^30] The ceremony at Jerusalem's convention center drew President [[Chaim Herzog]], Prime Minister [[Yitzhak Shamir]], and much of the Israeli political establishment, with reporting that at least six serving and former heads of Israeli intelligence were present.[^7][^30] His friend and longtime attorney [[Samuel Pisar]], a Holocaust survivor, recited the Kaddish.[^1]
Maxwell's body was flown to Israel, and on November 10, 1991, he was given a state-style funeral and buried on the [[Mount of Olives]] in [[Jerusalem]], one of Judaism's most revered burial grounds.[^34] The ceremony at Jerusalem's convention center drew President [[Chaim Herzog]], Prime Minister [[Yitzhak Shamir]], and much of the Israeli political establishment, with reporting that at least six serving and former heads of Israeli intelligence were present.[^7][^34] His friend and longtime attorney [[Samuel Pisar]], a Holocaust survivor, recited the Kaddish.[^1]
Herzog eulogized him with the words, "He scaled the heights of human endeavor. Kings and princes waited on him."[^30] Shamir praised the connections and investment Maxwell had brought to Israel during the 1980s, reportedly saying that Maxwell had done more for Israel than could then be told.[^31] The scale of the official Israeli observance was later cited by writers who argued it reflected an intelligence relationship, though attendance at a prominent Jewish philanthropist's funeral is not itself evidence of espionage, and no Israeli official has confirmed that Maxwell was an agent.[^7][^30]
Herzog eulogized him with the words, "He scaled the heights of human endeavor. Kings and princes waited on him."[^34] Shamir praised the connections and investment Maxwell had brought to Israel during the 1980s, reportedly saying that Maxwell had done more for Israel than could then be told.[^35] The scale of the official Israeli observance was later cited by writers who argued it reflected an intelligence relationship, though attendance at a prominent Jewish philanthropist's funeral is not itself evidence of espionage, and no Israeli official has confirmed that Maxwell was an agent.[^7][^34]
### Footnotes
@ -139,14 +141,18 @@ Herzog eulogized him with the words, "He scaled the heights of human endeavor. K
[^18]: UK Parliament, Early Day Motion 2134, "Mirror Group Newspapers and Israeli Intelligence." https://edm.parliament.uk/early-day-motion/2134/mirror-group-newspapers-and-israeli-intelligence
[^19]: House of Commons, *Hansard,* HC Deb 24 January 1996, vol 270, cc453-462, "Saudi Arabia" (George Galloway). https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1996/jan/24/saudi-arabia
[^20]: Ward, Vicky. "The Talented Mr. Epstein." *Vanity Fair,* March 2003. https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2003/03/jeffrey-epstein-200303
[^21]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network.* Sheridan Square Press, 1992.
[^22]: Contemporaneous press reporting on the 1986 Mordechai Vanunu affair and the Sunday Mirror's handling of his Dimona account, on which Ben-Menashe's claims about Nicholas Davies and Oscar Guerrero rest.
[^23]: Thomas, Gordon, and Martin Dillon. *Robert Maxwell, Israel's Superspy: The Life and Murder of a Media Mogul.* Carroll & Graf, 2002.
[^24]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993, on the rejection of the Leigh Ratiner and PROMIS-distribution allegations and the proximity of the Casolaro and Maxwell deaths.
[^25]: "Probe by House finds no 'October surprise,'" *The Baltimore Sun,* 1993. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1993-01-13-1993013111-story.html
[^26]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report on the Review of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua's Report on the Allegations of INSLAW, Inc.,* September 27, 1994, section on the INSLAW addendum of February 1994. https://archive.org/details/InslawPROMISBuaReport
[^27]: Ostrovsky, Victor. *The Other Side of Deception: A Rogue Agent Exposes the Mossad's Secret Agenda.* HarperCollins, 1994, on the alleged Mossad motive to eliminate Maxwell as a collapsing liability.
[^28]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02816127, Court Records, Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 22-cv-10904 (S.D.N.Y.), ECF No. 285-12, Exhibit 55, filed August 15, 2023, "AM Reputation Risk Committee Meeting Summary," meeting of December 6, 2013. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank%2C%20N.A.%2C%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/EFTA02816127.pdf
[^29]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02507843, DataSet 11, email from Jeffrey Epstein, "he was passed away," March 15, 2018. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02507843.pdf
[^30]: "Maxwell, Colossus Even in Death, Laid to Rest on Mount of Olives," *Jewish Telegraphic Agency,* 1991. https://www.jta.org/archive/maxwell-colossus-even-in-death-laid-to-rest-on-mount-of-olives
[^31]: "Maxwell buried on Mount of Olives," *UPI,* 1991. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/11/10/Maxwell-buried-on-Mount-of-Olives/4340689749200/
[^21]: "Mirrorgate: Spies, Arms Dealers and Secrets," The Sunday Times (London), October 27, 1991, reproduced at https://peterhounam.com/?p=4257.
[^22]: United Press International, "Maxwell to seek injunction against book," October 23, 1991, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/10/23/Maxwell-to-seek-injunction-against-book/9254688190400/.
[^23]: "One Man, Many Tales," Newsweek, November 4, 1991, https://www.newsweek.com/one-man-many-tales-201744.
[^24]: Associated Press, "Writer wins damages, apology in libel suit," Deseret News, August 20, 1994, https://www.deseret.com/1994/8/20/19125977/writer-wins-damages-apology-in-libel-suit.
[^25]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network.* Sheridan Square Press, 1992.
[^26]: Contemporaneous press reporting on the 1986 Mordechai Vanunu affair and the Sunday Mirror's handling of his Dimona account, on which Ben-Menashe's claims about Nicholas Davies and Oscar Guerrero rest.
[^27]: Thomas, Gordon, and Martin Dillon. *Robert Maxwell, Israel's Superspy: The Life and Murder of a Media Mogul.* Carroll & Graf, 2002.
[^28]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993, on the rejection of the Leigh Ratiner and PROMIS-distribution allegations and the proximity of the Casolaro and Maxwell deaths.
[^29]: "Probe by House finds no 'October surprise,'" *The Baltimore Sun,* 1993. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1993-01-13-1993013111-story.html
[^30]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report on the Review of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua's Report on the Allegations of INSLAW, Inc.,* September 27, 1994, section on the INSLAW addendum of February 1994. https://archive.org/details/InslawPROMISBuaReport
[^31]: Ostrovsky, Victor. *The Other Side of Deception: A Rogue Agent Exposes the Mossad's Secret Agenda.* HarperCollins, 1994, on the alleged Mossad motive to eliminate Maxwell as a collapsing liability.
[^32]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02816127, Court Records, Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 22-cv-10904 (S.D.N.Y.), ECF No. 285-12, Exhibit 55, filed August 15, 2023, "AM Reputation Risk Committee Meeting Summary," meeting of December 6, 2013. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank%2C%20N.A.%2C%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/EFTA02816127.pdf
[^33]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02507843, DataSet 11, email from Jeffrey Epstein, "he was passed away," March 15, 2018. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02507843.pdf
[^34]: "Maxwell, Colossus Even in Death, Laid to Rest on Mount of Olives," *Jewish Telegraphic Agency,* 1991. https://www.jta.org/archive/maxwell-colossus-even-in-death-laid-to-rest-on-mount-of-olives
[^35]: "Maxwell buried on Mount of Olives," *UPI,* 1991. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/11/10/Maxwell-buried-on-Mount-of-Olives/4340689749200/