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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ start: 1958
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end: 1972
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location: "Arlington, Virginia"
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---
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The [[Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (ARPA) was a U.S. government agency responsible for funding and overseeing advanced technological research. It is now known as [[DARPA]] (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency).[^1]
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The [[Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (ARPA) was a U.S. government agency responsible for funding and overseeing advanced technological research. It is now known as [[DARPA]] ([[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]]).[^1]
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In the early 1970s, ARPA showed interest in psychic phenomena, sending a three-man team to observe [[Uri Geller]] at [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI) in early 1973.[^1]
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ created: 2026-06-05
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updated: 2026-06-05
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---
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The Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (CIAA) was a wartime US government agency created on August 16, 1940, by order of the [[Council of National Defense]] and placed under the direction of [[Nelson Rockefeller]]. Its official mandate was to promote hemispheric solidarity and counter Axis influence in Latin America; in practice it functioned as the first official US propaganda operation, a vehicle for expanding American corporate dominance in the hemisphere, and a testing ground for the psychological warfare and covert operations techniques that would be institutionalized in the postwar [[CIA]].[^1]
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The Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (CIAA) was a wartime US government agency created on August 16, 1940, by order of the [[Council of National Defense]] and placed under the direction of [[Nelson Rockefeller]]. Its official mandate was to promote hemispheric solidarity and counter Axis influence in [[Latin America]]; in practice it functioned as the first official US propaganda operation, a vehicle for expanding American corporate dominance in the hemisphere, and a testing ground for the psychological warfare and covert operations techniques that would be institutionalized in the postwar [[CIA]].[^1]
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The agency began as the Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations between the American Republics (OCCCRBAR) and was formally placed within the Executive Office of the President by Executive Order 8840, signed July 30, 1941, by President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. The office was renamed the Office of Inter-American Affairs (OIAA) by Executive Order 9532 on March 23, 1945, under incoming director [[Wallace Harrison]], and dissolved by Executive Order 9710 on April 10, 1946, effective May 20, 1946, when all remaining functions and subsidiary corporations were transferred to the [[State Department]].[^2]
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@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ The CIAA controlled Latin American press access to newsprint, a critical wartime
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Hollywood studios were pressured to deny films to theaters showing German or Italian content, and the CIAA filled the vacuum with its own newsreels and political films. In early 1941 the CIAA reached out to [[Walt Disney]], whose studio had been facing financial difficulty; Nelson Rockefeller arranged a government-underwritten goodwill tour of South America for Disney and roughly twenty composers, artists, and technicians. The tour produced *Saludos Amigos*, which premiered in Rio de Janeiro on August 24, 1942, and opened in the United States on February 6, 1943, and *The Three Caballeros* (1944). Both films were shown throughout Latin America using CIAA mobile projectors. The CIAA sponsored goodwill tours by [[Orson Welles]], [[Bing Crosby]], [[George Balanchine]], and [[John Ford]] in 1941-1943.[^14]
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The CIAA's Publications and Information Division, run by [[Francis Jamieson]] (a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter and future Rockefeller campaign manager), produced the magazine *En Guardia* (registered with the US Postal Office on April 8, 1941, with the first issue in summer 1941 and the third issue circulating in October). Circulation reached 750,000 copies per issue by peak production, distributed free to politicians, journalists, and business executives. Propaganda posters and editorial cartoons were produced through contractors coordinated by Jamieson's New York office; these materials are documented in NARA Record Group 229, series "Propaganda Materials, 1941-1945" (NAID 540082) and "Status of Projects Reports, 1942-1945" (NAID 2067594).[^15]
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The CIAA's Publications and Information Division, run by [[Francis Jamieson]] (a [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning reporter and future Rockefeller campaign manager), produced the magazine *En Guardia* (registered with the US Postal Office on April 8, 1941, with the first issue in summer 1941 and the third issue circulating in October). Circulation reached 750,000 copies per issue by peak production, distributed free to politicians, journalists, and business executives. Propaganda posters and editorial cartoons were produced through contractors coordinated by Jamieson's New York office; these materials are documented in NARA Record Group 229, series "Propaganda Materials, 1941-1945" (NAID 540082) and "Status of Projects Reports, 1942-1945" (NAID 2067594).[^15]
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### Aviation and Infrastructure
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@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ The CIAA funded and coordinated displacement of Axis-affiliated airlines from So
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The trans-Andean highway to [[Pucallpa]], Peru, funded by the CIAA, passed within fifteen miles of the [[Ganso Azul]] oil field, the Amazon basin's only proven petroleum source at the time. This highway also enabled the [[Summer Institute of Linguistics]] to establish its Amazonian base at [[Yarinacocha]] adjacent to the road.[^17]
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Record Group 229 at NARA includes a Department of Transportation series totaling 129 linear feet, documenting CIAA aviation, ocean shipping, railway, and highway programs across the hemisphere.[^18]
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Record Group 229 at NARA includes a [[Department of Transportation]] series totaling 129 linear feet, documenting CIAA aviation, ocean shipping, railway, and highway programs across the hemisphere.[^18]
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### Rubber Program and the Amazon
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ The CIA, particularly through its Photographic Intelligence Division, was instru
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The CIA's interest in psi research dates back to the early 1970s, partly in response to rumors of extensive Soviet psi research. Following a number of scandals in the mid-1970s, including revelations of domestic spying, the CIA came under unprecedented scrutiny from Congress. This led to a preference for "clean" spying methods, making psychic intelligence an appealing, low-profile alternative to traditional human intelligence (HUMINT).[^1]
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In 1972, the CIA, through officials like [[Ken Kress]] from the Technical Services Division (TSD) (later the Office of Technical Service, OTS), provided the initial funding for [[Hal Puthoff]]'s psi research program at [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI). This funding, initially $50,000 for eight months, was contingent on the researchers demonstrating a repeatable psi phenomenon. The Office of Research and Development (ORD) also jointly managed the funding and contract.[^1] In the late 1960s, the CIA had approached Hal Puthoff and Russell Targ at Stanford University to develop a program to counter a similar effort in the Soviet Union, which led to the creation of the [[Stargate Project]], a program that trained individuals in [[Remote Viewing]] to spy on foreign targets. The program was reportedly highly successful, and Puthoff reported directly to the Director of the CIA and the White House.[^11]
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In 1972, the CIA, through officials like [[Ken Kress]] from the Technical Services Division (TSD) (later the Office of Technical Service, OTS), provided the initial funding for [[Hal Puthoff]]'s psi research program at [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI). This funding, initially $50,000 for eight months, was contingent on the researchers demonstrating a repeatable psi phenomenon. The Office of Research and Development (ORD) also jointly managed the funding and contract.[^1] In the late 1960s, the CIA had approached Hal Puthoff and Russell Targ at Stanford University to develop a program to counter a similar effort in the Soviet Union, which led to the creation of the [[Stargate Project]], a program that trained individuals in [[Remote Viewing]] to spy on foreign targets. The program was reportedly highly successful, and Puthoff reported directly to the Director of the CIA and the [[White House]].[^11]
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### The Search for Behavioral Control
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ summary: "The DARPA (DARPA) is the modern name for the Advanced Research Project
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start: 1958
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location: "Arlington, Virginia"
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---
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The [[DARPA|Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (DARPA) is the modern name for the [[Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (ARPA). It is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.[^1]
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The [[DARPA|Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (DARPA) is the modern name for the [[Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (ARPA). It is a research and development agency of the [[United States Department of Defense]] responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.[^1]
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While the *Remote Viewers* text primarily refers to the agency by its earlier name, ARPA, DARPA continues to be at the forefront of advanced research, including areas that may touch upon human capabilities and unconventional intelligence methods.
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ The [[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network|FinCen]] is a bureau of the [[United
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Riconosciuto offered to reconstruct his files and provide [[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network|FinCen]] with a day-by-day view of alleged Mob and [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] Corporation illegal banking transactions. He specified the need for particular computer systems (VAX 11-730 and VAX 3900) to achieve this, claiming to know [[PROMIS]] and [[FOIMS]] (Field Office Information Management System) "inside out" and having helped develop their internal tracking audit trail. He also advised on how [[J.H.]] could make inquiries into his files without alerting the issuing agencies, suggesting "non-electric" filings on [[NCIC]].[^1]
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Despite Riconosciuto's repeated requests and offers, nothing was forthcoming from [[J.H.]] regarding a connection to [[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network|FinCen]] or entry into the Witness Protection Program.[^1]
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Despite Riconosciuto's repeated requests and offers, nothing was forthcoming from [[J.H.]] regarding a connection to [[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network|FinCen]] or entry into the [[Witness Protection Program]].[^1]
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---
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### Footnotes
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) are the body of senior uniformed leaders of the
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### Operation Northwoods
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In March 1962 the Joint Chiefs, under Chairman [[Lyman Lemnitzer]], approved and forwarded to Secretary of Defense [[Robert S. McNamara]] a plan code-named Operation Northwoods, which proposed manufacturing pretexts for war with [[Cuba]], including staged terrorist attacks on American soil and the faked shoot-down of civilian aircraft to be blamed on the [[Fidel Castro|Castro]] government. The civilian leadership rejected the plan, and it remained classified until its release in 1997 through the [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]] Assassination Records Review Board.[^2]
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In March 1962 the Joint Chiefs, under Chairman [[Lyman Lemnitzer]], approved and forwarded to Secretary of Defense [[Robert S. McNamara]] a plan code-named Operation Northwoods, which proposed manufacturing pretexts for war with [[Cuba]], including staged terrorist attacks on American soil and the faked shoot-down of civilian aircraft to be blamed on the [[Fidel Castro|Castro]] government. The civilian leadership rejected the plan, and it remained classified until its release in 1997 through the [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]] [[Assassination Records Review Board]].[^2]
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### Counterinsurgency Oversight
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ The NSC Special Group (formally the Operations Coordinating Board's 5412/2 Speci
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### Structure and Authority
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The Special Group's legal foundation was laid in successive NSC directives. President Eisenhower approved NSC 5412 on March 15, 1954, reaffirming the CIA's authority to conduct covert operations abroad and establishing the first formal interagency coordination requirement: the DCI was made responsible for coordinating with designated representatives of the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense to ensure that covert operations were planned and conducted consistently with U.S. foreign and military policies, with the [[Operations Coordinating Board]] designated as the normal coordination channel.[^1]
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The [[Special Group]]'s legal foundation was laid in successive NSC directives. President Eisenhower approved NSC 5412 on March 15, 1954, reaffirming the CIA's authority to conduct covert operations abroad and establishing the first formal interagency coordination requirement: the DCI was made responsible for coordinating with designated representatives of the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense to ensure that covert operations were planned and conducted consistently with U.S. foreign and military policies, with the [[Operations Coordinating Board]] designated as the normal coordination channel.[^1]
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On March 12, 1955, Eisenhower approved NSC 5412/1, which was identical to NSC 5412 except for a critical substitution: it designated a newly created Planning Coordination Group, chaired by Rockefeller, as the body responsible for covert operations oversight in place of the full OCB. Rockefeller had proposed this arrangement himself on March 3, 1955; Eisenhower approved it on March 4 and the NSC formally ratified it on March 10.[^2] The Planning Coordination Group was intended to restrict knowledge of covert programs "so far as possible to those who have a need to know," limiting the oversight circle to the Under Secretary of State, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Director of Central Intelligence [[Allen Dulles]], and Rockefeller as chairman.[^3]
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ The Planning Coordination Group proved short-lived. Rockefeller himself recommen
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### The Rockefeller Appointment
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President Eisenhower's letter appointing Rockefeller Special Assistant to the President was dated December 15, 1954, effective December 16. The appointment gave Rockefeller authority to attend meetings of the Cabinet, the National Security Council, the Council on Foreign Economic Policy, and the Operations Coordinating Board, positioning him as the White House's senior representative across all interagency deliberative bodies relevant to covert operations oversight.[^5] Rockefeller resigned the position in December 1955, coinciding with the abolishment of the Planning Coordination Group he had chaired and its replacement by the NSC 5412/2 Special Group structure.
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President Eisenhower's letter appointing Rockefeller Special Assistant to the President was dated December 15, 1954, effective December 16. The appointment gave Rockefeller authority to attend meetings of the Cabinet, the National Security Council, the Council on Foreign Economic Policy, and the Operations Coordinating Board, positioning him as the [[White House]]'s senior representative across all interagency deliberative bodies relevant to covert operations oversight.[^5] Rockefeller resigned the position in December 1955, coinciding with the abolishment of the Planning Coordination Group he had chaired and its replacement by the NSC 5412/2 Special Group structure.
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### The Family Jewels Briefing
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@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ The Special Group mechanism persisted through subsequent administrations under v
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The Kennedy administration retained the NSC 5412/2 Special Group structure but significantly expanded its operational scope. Following the Bay of Pigs failure in April 1961, General [[Maxwell Taylor]] submitted a review recommending stronger oversight, and in November 1961, President Kennedy authorized [[Operation Mongoose]], a major covert program aimed at overthrowing [[Fidel Castro|Castro]]. Operational control was entrusted to a Special Group (Augmented), which consisted of the standard Special Group membership plus [[Attorney General]] [[Robert Kennedy]] and General Taylor as chairman. The Special Group (Augmented) functioned from November 1961 to October 1962, with Robert Kennedy serving as the "principal motive force" and informal link between the group and the President.[^11] The formal Kennedy-era Special Group was chaired by McGeorge Bundy as the President's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs, with members including Deputy Under Secretary of State U. Alexis Johnson, Deputy Secretary of Defense Roswell Gilpatric, DCI Allen Dulles, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs General Lyman Lemnitzer.
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President Kennedy also established a separate Special Group (Counterinsurgency) by NSAM No. 124 on January 18, 1962, to coordinate military and police aid, anti-guerrilla operations, and security programs distinct from the NSC 5412/2 covert operations mechanism. This body included Agency for International Development officials, United States Information Agency representatives, and Robert Kennedy; when Taylor moved to the Joint Chiefs of Staff chairmanship on October 1, 1962, Robert Kennedy sought to assume the chairmanship of the Special Group (CI) but was instead succeeded in the chair by U. Alexis Johnson, with Michael Forrestal taking over as White House representative. The Special Group (CI) was abolished by President [[Lyndon Johnson]] in 1965.[^12]
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President Kennedy also established a separate Special Group (Counterinsurgency) by NSAM No. 124 on January 18, 1962, to coordinate military and police aid, anti-guerrilla operations, and security programs distinct from the NSC 5412/2 covert operations mechanism. This body included Agency for International Development officials, [[United States Information Agency]] representatives, and Robert Kennedy; when Taylor moved to the Joint Chiefs of Staff chairmanship on October 1, 1962, Robert Kennedy sought to assume the chairmanship of the Special Group (CI) but was instead succeeded in the chair by U. Alexis Johnson, with Michael Forrestal taking over as White House representative. The Special Group (CI) was abolished by President [[Lyndon Johnson]] in 1965.[^12]
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The NSC 5412/2 Special Group was renamed the 303 Committee by NSAM No. 303, issued June 2, 1964. The name change was initiated after the publication of David Wise and Thomas B. Ross's book "The Invisible Government" made the "Special Group" designation public; an NSC staffer recommended the replacement name be "something utterly drab and innocuous" to deflect attention. The NSAM 303 change in name did not alter the committee's composition, functions, or responsibilities. Between January 1967 and June 1968, the 303 Committee considered 23 projects for Africa, 33 for Latin America, 15 for Europe, 14 for Asia, and 2 for the Middle East.[^13]
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The NSC 5412/2 Special Group was renamed the [[303 Committee]] by NSAM No. 303, issued June 2, 1964. The name change was initiated after the publication of David Wise and Thomas B. Ross's book "The Invisible Government" made the "Special Group" designation public; an NSC staffer recommended the replacement name be "something utterly drab and innocuous" to deflect attention. The NSAM 303 change in name did not alter the committee's composition, functions, or responsibilities. Between January 1967 and June 1968, the 303 Committee considered 23 projects for Africa, 33 for [[Latin America]], 15 for Europe, 14 for Asia, and 2 for the [[Middle East]].[^13]
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The 303 Committee was replaced by the 40 Committee under the Nixon administration, named after National Security Decision Memorandum 40.
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The 303 Committee was replaced by the [[40 Committee]] under the Nixon administration, named after National Security Decision Memorandum 40.
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### The Rockefeller Commission Conflict of Interest
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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ During the late 1970s, the NSC tasked remote viewers with highly sensitive intel
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### Dark Alliance Investigation
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Under the Reagan administration, the NSC became an operational intelligence agency based inside the White House. It ran [[Oliver North]]'s illegal Contra supply network, known as "The Enterprise," after Congress cut off military aid through the [[Boland Amendment]]. CIA records showed that Hangar No. 4 at [[Ilopango Airbase]] was used by the Agency for covert Contra operations until it was turned over to the NSC and North's network in 1985.[^3]
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Under the Reagan administration, the NSC became an operational intelligence agency based inside the [[White House]]. It ran [[Oliver North]]'s illegal Contra supply network, known as "The Enterprise," after Congress cut off military aid through the [[Boland Amendment]]. CIA records showed that Hangar No. 4 at [[Ilopango Airbase]] was used by the Agency for covert Contra operations until it was turned over to the NSC and North's network in 1985.[^3]
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CIA agent [[Moises Nunez|Dagoberto Nuñez]] revealed that since 1985 he had engaged in a clandestine relationship with the NSC, and refused to elaborate on narcotics trafficking because of the specific tasks he had performed at the NSC's direction. CIA headquarters ordered an immediate halt to his questioning.[^4]
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ tags:
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category: "U.S. Government"
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summary: "The Nuclear Intelligence Panel (NIP) was a highly classified U.S. government nuclear intelligence group whose members, including Harold M. Agnew, concluded that the 1979 VELA satellite flash was a nuclear detonation and were dismayed by White House interference in their investigation."
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---
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The Nuclear Intelligence Panel (NIP) is a highly classified nuclear intelligence group within the U.S. government. Its members, including [[Harold M. Agnew]] and [[Louis H. Roddis, Jr.]], conducted their own investigation into the 1979 [[VELA Satellite]] sighting and concluded that a low-yield nuclear weapon had most certainly been detonated. They were dismayed by the extent of White House interference in the investigation, which they believed was politically motivated to find a different explanation for the event.[^1]
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The Nuclear Intelligence Panel (NIP) is a highly classified nuclear intelligence group within the U.S. government. Its members, including [[Harold M. Agnew]] and [[Louis H. Roddis, Jr.]], conducted their own investigation into the 1979 [[VELA Satellite]] sighting and concluded that a low-yield nuclear weapon had most certainly been detonated. They were dismayed by the extent of [[White House]] interference in the investigation, which they believed was politically motivated to find a different explanation for the event.[^1]
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### Footnotes
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location: "Langley, Virginia"
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---
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The [[Office of Research and Development (CIA)]] (ORD) was a more scientifically oriented office within the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s Directorate of Science and Technology. Along with the [[Office of Technical Service|Office of Technical Service]] (OTS), ORD jointly handled the funding and contract management for the CIA's psi research, including the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Stargate Project]] at [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]].[^1]
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The [[Office of Research and Development (CIA)]] (ORD) was a more scientifically oriented office within the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s [[Directorate of Science and Technology]]. Along with the [[Office of Technical Service|Office of Technical Service]] (OTS), ORD jointly handled the funding and contract management for the CIA's psi research, including the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Stargate Project]] at [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]].[^1]
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---
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### Operations
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OSS operations ran through several branches: Research and Analysis (intelligence analysis, drawing on academics recruited from major universities), Secret Intelligence (HUMINT collection), Special Operations (sabotage and partisan warfare support), Morale Operations (psychological warfare), and X-2 (counterintelligence). OSS deployed operatives throughout occupied Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Notable operations included support for resistance movements in France, Italy, Yugoslavia, and Norway.
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OSS operations ran through several branches: Research and Analysis (intelligence analysis, drawing on academics recruited from major universities), Secret Intelligence (HUMINT collection), Special Operations (sabotage and partisan warfare support), Morale Operations (psychological warfare), and X-2 (counterintelligence). OSS deployed operatives throughout occupied Europe, the [[Middle East]], and Asia. Notable operations included support for resistance movements in France, Italy, Yugoslavia, and Norway.
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Allen Dulles directed OSS operations in Switzerland from November 1942 through the war's end, developing a European intelligence network that became the foundation for the CIA's clandestine service. He subsequently became CIA Director from 1953 to 1961.[^1]
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The State Department granted [[Danilo Blandon|Danilo Blandón]] political asylum in 1984 despite the [[DEA]] having identified him as a major cocaine trafficker since 1983. It is State Department policy to check with the DEA before approving asylum applications. When the Justice Department's Inspector General examined Blandón's immigration records, he found them "in disarray." The same occurred with Blandón's wife [[Chepita Blandon|Chepita]], granted asylum in 1985 despite being reported as a "member of a cocaine distribution organization."[^8]
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The State Department's Office of Public Diplomacy for Latin America was described by a 1992 House committee report as "a domestic, covert operation designed to lobby the Congress, manipulate the media and influence domestic public opinion" regarding the Contra war. The State Department issued a White Paper on Contra drug allegations that belittled every claim except those involving the [[Sandinistas]], studiously avoiding any mention of [[Norwin Meneses]].[^9]
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The State Department's Office of Public Diplomacy for [[Latin America]] was described by a 1992 House committee report as "a domestic, covert operation designed to lobby the Congress, manipulate the media and influence domestic public opinion" regarding the Contra war. The State Department issued a White Paper on Contra drug allegations that belittled every claim except those involving the [[Sandinistas]], studiously avoiding any mention of [[Norwin Meneses]].[^9]
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### Footnotes
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end: 1992
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location: "Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska"
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---
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The Strategic Air Command (SAC) was a United States Air Force command responsible for the nation's strategic nuclear deterrence. In the mid-1950s, SAC's American missiles and bombers were used to target and map Soviet sites, utilizing intelligence gathered by the [[U-2 Spy Plane]].[^1]
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The Strategic Air Command (SAC) was a [[United States Air Force]] command responsible for the nation's strategic nuclear deterrence. In the mid-1950s, SAC's American missiles and bombers were used to target and map Soviet sites, utilizing intelligence gathered by the [[U-2 Spy Plane]].[^1]
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### Footnotes
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The Systems Exploitation Detachment (SED) was a unit within the [[United States
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The SED played a crucial role in the establishment of the Army's remote viewing program. When [[Frederick Atwater]] proposed forming a remote viewing team, he presented the idea to Colonel Robert Keenan, who was in charge of the SED. Keenan approved Atwater's proposal, leading to the program's creation in 1977.
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### Organizational Structure and Control
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* The SED was under the control of two entities [i]:
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* United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) [i]
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* [[United States Army Intelligence]] and Security Command (INSCOM) [i]
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* The office of the assistant chief of staff for intelligence (ACSI) [i]
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* The remote viewing unit itself, formally known as the "Special Action Branch," took its orders from the Pentagon office of the Army’s assistant chief of staff for intelligence.
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* Tasking requests for the Special Action Branch came from various offices throughout the U.S. intelligence community, including the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], and the [[President’s National Security Council]].
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ summary: "Task Force 157 was a small covert U.S. Navy intelligence unit that ope
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start: 1966
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end: 1977
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---
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Task Force 157 was a small, undercover U.S. Navy intelligence unit. During the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]], operating in the waters of the [[Bosporus]] off [[Turkey]], it relayed data to [[Washington, D.C.]] suggesting that one of the Soviet ships leaving the [[Black Sea]] en route to the [[Mediterranean]] was carrying radioactive material. This report swept through the American intelligence community and the White House, contributing to the heightened alert status during the crisis.[^1]
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Task Force 157 was a small, undercover U.S. Navy intelligence unit. During the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]], operating in the waters of the [[Bosporus]] off [[Turkey]], it relayed data to [[Washington, D.C.]] suggesting that one of the Soviet ships leaving the [[Black Sea]] en route to the [[Mediterranean]] was carrying radioactive material. This report swept through the American intelligence community and the [[White House]], contributing to the heightened alert status during the crisis.[^1]
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### Footnotes
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
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- 1980s
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summary: U.S. federal law enforcement agency responsible for border protection and customs enforcement that investigated Contra-connected cocaine trafficking through informants including Joseph Kelso.
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---
|
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U.S. Customs and Border Protection (U.S. Customs) is a federal law enforcement agency responsible for protecting the borders of the [[United States]].[^1]
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[[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]] (U.S. Customs) is a federal law enforcement agency responsible for protecting the borders of the [[United States]].[^1]
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### Contra War Role
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ summary: "The United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) is t
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start: 1977
|
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location: "Fort Meade, Maryland"
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---
|
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The United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) was formed from the merger of the [[U.S. Army Intelligence Agency]] (USAINTA) and the [[Army Security Agency]] (ASA) which in particular was being used by the [[NSA]] as a source of readily available labor. INSCOM continues to collaborate with the NSA, but maintains more [[U.S. Army]] control of the process.
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The [[United States Army Intelligence]] and Security Command (INSCOM) was formed from the merger of the [[U.S. Army Intelligence Agency]] (USAINTA) and the [[Army Security Agency]] (ASA) which in particular was being used by the [[NSA]] as a source of readily available labor. INSCOM continues to collaborate with the NSA, but maintains more [[U.S. Army]] control of the process.
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|
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This merger was organized at [[Arlington Hall Station]], VA and officially occurred on October 1, 1977. General [[William Rolya]] was the first commanding officer. The headquarters was moved to [[Fort Meade]] where the ASA and other groups were originally stationed.
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