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60 - PLACES/CITIES/Rome.md
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Rome is the capital and largest city of [[Italy]], a city of approximately 2.8 m
The [[Vatican Bank]] (Institute for the Works of Religion, IOR) is headquartered within Vatican City, the independent state within Rome's boundaries. During the Cold War, the CIA channeled funds to anti-communist organizations through the Vatican, exploiting the IOR's opacity and the Catholic Church's extensive European network. The relationship between CIA director [[William Casey]] and Pope John Paul II - both ardent anti-communists - produced cooperation on support for [[Poland]]'s [[Solidarity]] movement in the early 1980s, with funding routed through IOR accounts.[^2]
The IOR became entangled in the collapse of [[Banco Ambrosiano]] in 1982. The bank's chairman, [[Roberto Calvi]], known as "God's Banker" for his Vatican connections, was found hanging from Blackfriars Bridge in [[London]] on June 18, 1982. Banco Ambrosiano had approximately $1.3 billion in outstanding loans to Vatican-connected shell companies in [[Panama]] and Latin America. The IOR accepted partial liability and paid $241 million to Ambrosiano creditors without admitting wrongdoing. Calvi's death was initially ruled suicide and later reclassified as murder; Italian and British investigators identified organized crime connections.[^1]
The IOR became entangled in the collapse of [[Banco Ambrosiano]] in 1982. The bank's chairman, [[Roberto Calvi]], known as "God's Banker" for his Vatican connections, was found hanging from Blackfriars Bridge in [[London]] on June 18, 1982. Banco Ambrosiano had approximately $1.3 billion in outstanding loans to Vatican-connected shell companies in [[Panama]] and [[Latin America]]. The IOR accepted partial liability and paid $241 million to Ambrosiano creditors without admitting wrongdoing. Calvi's death was initially ruled suicide and later reclassified as murder; Italian and British investigators identified organized crime connections.[^1]
### P2 and Italian Intelligence