vault backup: 2026-05-17 23:55:29

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---
category: "Iran-Contra"
title: Anastasio Somoza
aliases:
- Anastasio Somoza
- Anastasio Somoza Debayle
- Tachito
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Intelligence & Government"
tags:
- Person
- Politician
- Nicaragua
- 1970s
- Cold_War
- Contra_War
- Dark_Alliance_Investigation
summary: Anastasio Somoza Debayle was the dictator of Nicaragua whose family ruled the country for forty-six years until the Sandinista revolution in July 1979, after which his dispersed National Guard officers became the founding cadre of the Contras.
- ColdWar
- ContraWar
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "Dictator of Nicaragua whose family ruled the country for forty-six years until the Sandinista revolution in July 1979, after which his dispersed National Guard officers became the founding cadre of the Contras."
born: 1925-12-05
died: 1980-09-17
location: "León, Nicaragua"

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---
title: Eden Pastora
aliases:
- Eden Pastora
- Commandante Zero
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Intelligence & Government"
tags:
- Person
- Contra
- Nicaragua
- Costa_Rica
- CostaRica
- CIA
- 1980s
- Dark_Alliance_Investigation
summary: Former Sandinista war hero known as Commandante Zero who became commander of the ARDE Southern Front Contra army in Costa Rica, was put on the CIA payroll, and eventually broke with the agency over drug trafficking.
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "Former Sandinista war hero known as Commandante Zero who became commander of the ARDE Southern Front Contra army in Costa Rica, was put on the CIA payroll, and eventually broke with the agency over drug trafficking."
born: 1937-01-22
died: 2020-06-16
location: "Ciudad Darío, Nicaragua"

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---
title: Eric Swenson
aliases:
- Eric Swenson
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Law Enforcement & Legal"
tags:
- Person
- Person/Law_Enforcement
- LawEnforcement
- 1980s
- Drug_Trafficking
summary: Eric Swenson was a former assistant U.S. attorney who reported Norwin Meneses's Contra drug activities to the Justice Department and stated that the CIA was fully aware of Meneses's criminal operations.
- DrugTrafficking
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "Former assistant U.S. attorney who reported Norwin Meneses's Contra drug activities to the Justice Department and stated that the CIA was fully aware of Meneses's criminal operations."
---
Eric Swenson, a former assistant U.S. attorney familiar with investigations into [[Norwin Meneses]], stated that the drug lord's activities with the [[Contras]] were well known to the [[Department of Justice]] because he had personally reported them. Justice was not the only agency with this knowledge.[^1]

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---
title: Felix Rodriguez
aliases:
- Felix Rodriguez
- Max Gomez
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Intelligence & Government"
tags:
- Person
- Person/Intelligence
- Intelligence
- CIA
- El_Salvador
- ElSalvador
- 1980s
- Contra_War
summary: Felix Rodriguez was a CIA agent and Bay of Pigs veteran who oversaw Oliver North's Contra resupply operation at Ilopango Air Force Base under the alias "Max Gomez."
- ContraWar
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "CIA agent and Bay of Pigs veteran who oversaw Oliver North's Contra resupply operation at Ilopango Air Force Base under the alias 'Max Gomez.'"
born: 1941-05-31
location: "Havana, Cuba"
---

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---
title: Horacio Pereira
aliases:
- Horacio Pereira
- Horacio Pereira Lanuza
- La Burra
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Organized Crime"
tags:
- Person
- Drug_Trafficker
- DrugTrafficker
- Contra
- Nicaragua
- Costa_Rica
- CostaRica
- 1980s
- Dark_Alliance_Investigation
summary: Norwin Meneses's friend and business partner who became one of his top cocaine dealers in Costa Rica, identified by the FBI as the cocaine source for the Frogman drug ring in San Francisco.
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "Norwin Meneses's friend and business partner who became one of his top cocaine dealers in Costa Rica, identified by the FBI as the cocaine source for the Frogman drug ring in San Francisco."
location: "Estelí, Nicaragua"
---
Horacio Pereira Lanuza, known as "La Burra" (a female donkey), was a drug dealer and gambler from Estelí, [[Nicaragua]], who served as the primary Costa Rican cocaine broker for [[Norwin Meneses]]'s organization and the conduit for drug funds from the [[San Francisco]] Bay Area to the [[Contras]] in [[Costa Rica]] and [[Honduras]].[^1]

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---
category: "Authors & Journalists"
title: Joseph Russoniello
aliases:
- Joseph Russoniello
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Law Enforcement & Legal"
tags:
- Person
- Person/Journalist
- LawEnforcement
- 1980s
- Contra_War
summary: Joseph Russoniello was the U.S. attorney in San Francisco whose cozy relationship with the CIA coincided with the decision not to prosecute Norwin Meneses for drug trafficking in spring 1985.
- ContraWar
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "U.S. attorney in San Francisco whose cozy relationship with the CIA coincided with the decision not to prosecute Norwin Meneses for drug trafficking in spring 1985."
location: "San Francisco, California"
---
Joseph Russoniello served as U.S. attorney in [[San Francisco]] during the period when [[Norwin Meneses]] could have been indicted on federal cocaine trafficking charges in the spring of 1985. One of Meneses's top lieutenants had already pleaded guilty to cocaine charges and publicly implicated Meneses as a major trafficker.[^1]

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---
title: Manuel Noriega
aliases:
- Manuel Noriega
- Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno
- El Man
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Intelligence & Government"
tags:
- Person
- Person/Politician
- Person/Military
- Politician
- Military
- Panama
- 1980s
- Drug_Trafficking
summary: Military dictator of Panama who simultaneously served as a CIA asset and facilitated Colombian drug trafficking, was ousted by U.S. invasion in 1989, and had his 40-year sentence reduced to 10 years after former CIA officials testified on his behalf.
- DrugTrafficking
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "Military dictator of Panama who simultaneously served as a CIA asset and facilitated Colombian drug trafficking, was ousted by U.S. invasion in 1989, and had his 40-year sentence reduced to 10 years after former CIA officials testified on his behalf."
born: 1934-02-11
died: 2017-05-29
location: "Panama City, Panama"

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---
title: Renato Pena
aliases:
- Renato Pena
- Renato Peña Cabrera
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Organized Crime"
tags:
- Person
- Contra
- Drug_Trafficker
- DrugTrafficker
- Nicaragua
- San_Francisco
- SanFrancisco
- 1980s
- Contra_War
- Dark_Alliance_Investigation
summary: FDN San Francisco representative and cocaine dealer for Norwin Meneses who was arrested in 1984 and implicated the CIA in Contra drug trafficking during DEA debriefings.
- ContraWar
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "FDN San Francisco representative and cocaine dealer for Norwin Meneses who was arrested in 1984 and implicated the CIA in Contra drug trafficking during DEA debriefings."
---
Renato Peña Cabrera was the [[FDN]]'s San Francisco representative and a [[cocaine]] dealer for [[Norwin Meneses]].[^1] Peña served as a key conduit between the FDN leadership in [[Honduras]] and the Contra support network in [[California]], facilitating arms procurement and communications.

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---
title: Richard Secord
aliases:
- Richard Secord
- Richard V. Secord
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Intelligence & Government"
tags:
- Person
- Iran_Contra
- IranContra
- CIA
- Air_Force
- Ted_Shackley
- AirForce
- PROMIS
- 1980s
summary: "Major General Richard Secord (USAF, ret.) co-directed the Iran-Contra Enterprise with Albert Hakim, purchasing weapons for Iran through Israeli intermediaries and channeling profits to fund the Nicaraguan Contras outside congressional appropriations before pleading guilty in 1989 to making false statements to Congress."
summary: "Major General who co-directed the Iran-Contra Enterprise with Albert Hakim, purchasing weapons for Iran through Israeli intermediaries and channeling profits to fund the Nicaraguan Contras outside congressional appropriations before pleading guilty in 1989 to making false statements to Congress."
born: 1932-07-06
died: 2024-10-15
location: "LaRue, Ohio"

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---
title: Robert Nieves
aliases:
- Robert Nieves
- The Snowman
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Law Enforcement & Legal"
tags:
- Person
- Person/Law_Enforcement
- LawEnforcement
- DEA
- Costa_Rica
- CostaRica
- 1980s
- Contra_War
summary: DEA agent who served as Norwin Meneses's control agent in Costa Rica, was accused of drug trafficking by multiple informants, and later rose to head the DEA's International Division before joining Oliver North's company.
- ContraWar
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "DEA agent who served as Norwin Meneses's control agent in Costa Rica, was accused of drug trafficking by multiple informants, and later rose to head the DEA's International Division before joining Oliver North's company."
---
Robert Nieves, known as "The Snowman," was the [[DEA]]'s country attaché in [[Costa Rica]] during the Contra war and served as [[Norwin Meneses]]'s control agent. Multiple informants accused him of drug trafficking and protecting cocaine labs, allegations that were never investigated.[^1]

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---
category: "Iran-Contra"
title: Ronald Reagan
aliases:
- Ronald Reagan
- Ronald Wilson Reagan
created: 2024-04-25
updated: 2026-05-01
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Intelligence & Government"
tags:
- Person
- Nuclear
- Israel
- Dark_Alliance_Investigation
- Politician
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
- OctoberSurprise
- IranContra
summary: "40th President of the United States who authorized CIA operations in Nicaragua, oversaw the Contra war and the secret drug-crimes reporting exemption, while simultaneously prosecuting the War on Drugs."

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---
title: Seth Rosenfeld
aliases:
- Seth Rosenfeld
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Authors & Journalists"
tags:
- Person
- Person/Journalist
- United_States
- Journalist
- UnitedStates
- 1980s
- Dark_Alliance_Investigation
summary: San Francisco Examiner reporter whose 1986 investigative stories exposed the Frogman Case Contra drug connections and Norwin Meneses's cocaine trafficking network.
born: 1956
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "San Francisco Examiner reporter whose 1986 investigative stories exposed the Frogman Case Contra drug connections and Norwin Meneses's cocaine trafficking network."
born: 1956-01-01
---
Seth Rosenfeld was an investigative reporter for the San Francisco Examiner whose 1986 stories provided the first hard evidence of a Contra drug ring operating in the United States.[^1]

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---
title: Wanda Palacios
aliases:
- Wanda Palacios
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Organized Crime"
tags:
- Person
- Person/Drug_Trafficker
- DrugTrafficker
- Colombia
- United_States
- UnitedStates
- 1980s
- Contra_War
summary: Miami FBI informant and wife of a Colombian trafficker who witnessed Southern Air Transport planes being loaded with cocaine and unloading guns in Colombia.
- ContraWar
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "Miami FBI informant and wife of a Colombian trafficker who witnessed Southern Air Transport planes being loaded with cocaine and unloading guns in Colombia."
---
Wanda Palacios was a [[Miami]] FBI informant and the wife of a Colombian trafficker who reported in 1986 that she had witnessed [[Southern Air Transport]] planes being loaded with cocaine and unloading guns in Barranquilla, [[Colombia]], in 1983 and October 1985. Her story was later corroborated by flight logs recovered from a downed CIA-contracted aircraft.[^1]