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---
title: ARDE
aliases:
- ARDE
- Alianza Revolucionaria Democrática
- Democratic Revolutionary Alliance
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Paramilitary"
tags:
- Organization
- Contra
- Nicaragua
- Costa_Rica
- CostaRica
- 1980s
- Dark_Alliance_Investigation
summary: Alianza Revolucionaria Democratica (ARDE) was a Contra faction based in Costa Rica and commanded by former Sandinista war hero Eden Pastora, formed when UDN-FARN merged with Pastora's group in September 1982.
start: 1982
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "Alianza Revolucionaria Democrática (ARDE) was a Contra faction based in Costa Rica and commanded by former Sandinista war hero Eden Pastora, formed when UDN-FARN merged with Pastora's group in September 1982."
start: 1982-09-01
location: "Costa Rica"
---
The Alianza Revolucionaria Democrática (ARDE) was a [[Contras|Contra]] faction based in [[Costa Rica]] and commanded by [[Eden Pastora]], a former [[Sandinistas|Sandinista]] war hero known as "Commandante Zero."[^1]

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---
title: Contras
aliases:
- Contras
- Contra
- Nicaraguan Contras
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Paramilitary"
tags:
- Organization
@ -6,10 +13,10 @@ tags:
- Nicaragua
- Contra
- 1980s
- Cold_War
- Dark_Alliance_Investigation
summary: Nicaraguan rebel groups organized and funded by the CIA to overthrow the Sandinista government, composed largely of former Somoza National Guard officers and implicated extensively in cocaine trafficking throughout the 1980s war.
start: 1980
- ColdWar
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "Nicaraguan rebel groups organized and funded by the CIA to overthrow the Sandinista government, composed largely of former Somoza National Guard officers and implicated extensively in cocaine trafficking throughout the 1980s war."
start: 1980-01-01
location: "Honduras"
---
The Contras were [[Nicaragua|Nicaraguan]] rebel groups organized and funded by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] to overthrow the [[Sandinistas|Sandinista]] government of Nicaragua.[^3] Made up largely of former followers of deposed dictator [[Anastasio Somoza]] and his [[Nicaraguan National Guard|National Guard]], the Contras were the darlings of the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] administration's anti-Communist foreign policy. Multiple Contra factions were implicated in [[cocaine]] trafficking during the 1980s war.[^1]

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---
title: FDN
aliases:
- FDN
- Fuerza Democrática Nicaragüense
- Nicaraguan Democratic Force
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Paramilitary"
tags:
- Organization
@ -6,12 +13,12 @@ tags:
- Nicaragua
- Honduras
- 1980s
- Dark_Alliance_Investigation
summary: The FDN was the largest and best-armed Contra faction, created by the CIA and commanded by Enrique Bermudez, with documented connections to cocaine trafficking for fundraising.
start: 1981
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "The FDN was the largest and best-armed Contra faction, created by the CIA and commanded by Enrique Bermudez, with documented connections to cocaine trafficking for fundraising."
start: 1981-08-01
location: "Honduras"
---
The [[FDN|Fuerza Democrática Nicaragüense]] was the largest, most well-armed, and best-trained of all the [[Contras|Contra]] factions.[^3] Created by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], based in [[Honduras]], and commanded by [[Enrique Bermudez|Enrique Bermúdez]], a former [[Nicaraguan National Guard|National Guardsman]]. The FDN's political wing was led by [[Adolfo Calero]], a longtime CIA agent and former manager of the Coca-Cola bottling plant in [[Managua]].
The Fuerza Democrática Nicaragüense was the largest, most well-armed, and best-trained of all the [[Contras|Contra]] factions.[^3] Created by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], based in [[Honduras]], and commanded by [[Enrique Bermudez|Enrique Bermúdez]], a former [[Nicaraguan National Guard|National Guardsman]]. The FDN's political wing was led by [[Adolfo Calero]], a longtime CIA agent and former manager of the Coca-Cola bottling plant in [[Managua]].
### Leadership

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---
title: Nicaraguan National Guard
aliases:
- Nicaraguan National Guard
- National Guard
- Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Paramilitary"
tags:
- Organization
@ -6,11 +13,11 @@ tags:
- Nicaragua
- 1930s
- 1970s
- Contra_War
- Dark_Alliance_Investigation
summary: Somoza's military force that served as army, police, and intelligence service, trained at U.S. military schools, and whose dispersed officers formed the founding cadre of the Contras.
start: 1925
end: 1979
- ContraWar
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "Somoza's military force that served as army, police, and intelligence service, trained at U.S. military schools, whose dispersed officers formed the founding cadre of the Contras."
start: 1925-01-01
end: 1979-07-17
location: "Managua, Nicaragua"
---
Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua (National Guard) was the military, police, and intelligence service of [[Nicaragua]] under the [[Anastasio Somoza|Somoza]] dynasty.[^2] Created by the [[United States|U.S.]] in the 1930s, the Guard served as the power base of the Somoza family's forty-six-year rule. Its officers formed the leadership core of the [[Contras]] after the [[Sandinistas|Sandinista]] revolution.[^1]

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---
title: Sandinistas
aliases:
- Sandinistas
- FSLN
- Sandinista
- Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Paramilitary"
tags:
- Organization
- Political
- Nicaragua
- 1970s
- Contra_War
- Dark_Alliance_Investigation
summary: Frente Revolucionario de Sandino (FRS), the leftist revolutionary guerrilla group that overthrew Somoza's U.S.-supported dictatorship in Nicaragua in 1979, triggering the Contra war.
start: 1961
- ContraWar
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "Leftist revolutionary guerrilla group that overthrew Somoza's U.S.-supported dictatorship in Nicaragua in 1979 and governed the country during the CIA-backed Contra war."
start: 1961-01-01
location: "Managua, Nicaragua"
---
Frente Revolucionario de Sandino (FRS) were the leftist revolutionary guerrilla group that overthrew [[Anastasio Somoza|Somoza]]'s [[United States|U.S.]]-supported dictatorship in [[Nicaragua]] in July 1979.[^2] Their victory triggered the [[Contras|Contra]] war and set in motion the events documented in the [[Dark Alliance]] investigation.[^1]

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---
title: UDN-FARN
aliases:
- UDN-FARN
- Union Democrática Nicaragüense
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-05-17
category: "Paramilitary"
tags:
- Organization
- Contra
- Nicaragua
- Costa_Rica
- CostaRica
- 1980s
- Dark_Alliance_Investigation
summary: Early Contra faction based first in Honduras then Costa Rica, commanded by Fernando Chamorro, that shifted allegiances between the FDN, ARDE, and back during the Contra war.
start: 1980
- DarkAllianceInvestigation
summary: "Early Contra faction based first in Honduras then Costa Rica, commanded by Fernando Chamorro, that shifted allegiances between the FDN, ARDE, and back during the Contra war."
start: 1980-01-01
location: "Costa Rica"
---
Union Democrática Nicaragüense - Fuerzas Armadas Resistencia Nicaragüenses (UDN-FARN) was an early [[Contras|Contra]] faction based first in [[Honduras]] and then in [[Costa Rica]], commanded by the erratic former [[Sandinistas|Sandinista]] [[Fernando Chamorro|"El Negro" Chamorro]]. UDN-FARN was one of the two groups merged by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] in August 1981 to form the [[FDN]].[^1]