Fresh start from commit 85df488cc66fa4934e54d62f1eaeffd274743b7a

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Abdul Majeed Shoman.md

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+[[Abdul Majeed Shoman]] was the Chairman and General Manager of [[Arab Bank Limited]] in Amman, [[Jordan]]. He wrote a letter to [[George K. Pender]] of [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]] on November 23, 1983, stating that Arab Bank, along with a group of other banks, would be glad to cooperate concerning a fund to reconstruct [[Lebanon]]. Shoman confirmed that there would be "no problem to take care of" a financial transaction amounting to "US$ three billion or more," provided the condition in [[Lebanon]] was clear and subject to the approval and counter guarantees of the Lebanese Authority.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Abimael Guzmán Reynoso.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Politics
+  - Peru
+---
+[[Abimael Guzmán Reynoso]] was the founder and leader of the [[Shining Path]] (El Sendero Luminoso), a Maoist terrorist group in [[Peru]]. He was formerly a professor of philosophy at the [[University of San Cristobal]] at [[Ayacucho]], where he was considered a legendary figure by his followers, who saw him as the "fourth sword of Marxism" after [[Karl Marx|Marx]], [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]], and [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]].[^1]
+
+In 1980, [[Abimael Guzmán Reynoso|Guzmán]] proclaimed the armed struggle against the capitalist government in [[Lima]], and the [[Shining Path]] grew into a powerful force, leading to the declaration of martial law in the department of [[Ayacucho]] by [[Alan Garcia|Peruvian President Alan Garcia]].[^1]
+
+In 1988, [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] traveled to [[Peru]] on a secret mission for [[Yitzhak Shamir]] to secure the purchase of rare minerals for [[Israel|Israel's]] nuclear program. [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] met [[Abimael Guzmán Reynoso|Guzmán]] at a farmhouse in [[Shining Path]]-controlled territory. [[Abimael Guzmán Reynoso|Guzmán]] was initially suspicious of [[Ari Ben-Menashe|Ben-Menashe]], but was impressed by his directness. He revealed his own Jewish heritage and discussed his philosophy, which blended Inca and kibbutz ideology, and his views on equality and family.[^1]
+
+[[Abimael Guzmán Reynoso|Guzmán]] agreed to sell the minerals to [[Israel]] for $10 million, to be deposited in a [[Switzerland|Swiss]] bank account. He also requested that [[Israel]] purchase a chain of five small newspapers, the [[Ocho Group]], on the movement's behalf, and provide medical equipment to be brought on the [[Cessna]]s transporting the minerals.[^1]
+
+[[Abimael Guzmán Reynoso|Guzmán]] was rumored to have died of cancer in 1990, but he continued to lead the [[Shining Path]]. He was captured in 1992 and was imprisoned.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Abraham Sourassi.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Engineer
+  - Israel
+---
+Abraham Sourassi was a senior Israeli engineer at [[Dimona]], responsible for building the reprocessing plant. He endeared himself to his countrymen by declaring, "Good riddance," upon hearing of [[Charles de Gaulle]]'s disenchantment with [[Dimona]], reflecting the typical Israeli attitude of self-reliance.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 5.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Alan Sanders.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Business
+  - Intelligence
+  - USA
+---
+[[Alan Sanders]] was a businessman with links to the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]. His cover was [[ITICO]] (Integrated Technologies International Co.). He was involved in supplying technology for cluster bombs to [[Carlos Cardoen]], specifically in the form of blueprints. This was done with a covert [[USA|U.S.]] license, despite a [[United Nations]] arms embargo against [[Chile]].[^1]
+
+In late 1985, [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] approached Sanders to purchase cluster bombs for [[Israel]]. Sanders made it clear that the sale of cluster bombs to [[Israel]] was prohibited by the [[USA|U.S.]]. However, he introduced Ben-Menashe to [[Richard Babayan]], a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] contract agent with close contacts with [[Carlos Cardoen|Cardoen]], indicating that Cardoen would sell the bombs to [[Israel]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Albert Speer.md

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+---
+aliases:
+  - Albert Speer
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Nazi Germany
+  - Government Official
+---
+Albert Speer (1905–1981) was a German architect who served as the Reich's Minister of Armaments and War Production for [[Nazi Germany]] during [[World War II]]. He was a close confidant of [[Adolf Hitler]][^1].
+
+While serving a life sentence in Spandau prison, Speer recounted [[Rudolf Hess]]'s motivation for his rogue flight to Scotland in May 1941. Speer wrote in *Inside the Third Reich* that "Hess assured me in all seriousness that the idea had been inspired in him in a dream by supernatural forces"[^1].
+
+Speer also noted [[Adolf Hitler]]'s reaction to [[Heinrich Himmler]]'s interest in the occult, quoting Hitler as saying, "What nonsense! Here we have at last reached an age that has left all mysticism behind it, and now he [Himmler] wants to start that all over again. We might just as well have stayed with the church"[^1].
+
+## Publications
+*   *Inside the Third Reich*
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Albert Stubblebine.md

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+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Albert Stubblebine
+tags:
+  - person
+  - military
+  - general
+  - intelligence
+description: Major General Albert Stubblebine was a U.S. Army general and a strong supporter of psychic research, particularly within the Stargate Project.
+---
+
+Major General [[Albert Stubblebine]] was a [[U.S. Army]] general and a strong supporter of [[Psi|psychic]] research, particularly within the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Stargate Project]]. He served as the [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]] commander. Stubblebine was known for his unconventional interests and his belief in the potential of psychic abilities for military applications. He reportedly attempted to walk through walls and other feats.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Alfredo Stroessner.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Politics
+  - Paraguay
+---
+[[Alfredo Stroessner]] was the President of [[Paraguay]], having been put in power in 1954 by the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]. His regime was known for protecting [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] intelligence officers and German scientists with whom the [[USA|U.S.]] government had made deals after [[World War II]]. Stroessner, with his German background and connections to the [[Nazi Party]] during the war, was considered an excellent candidate for the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] to install, indirectly serving [[USA|U.S.]] interests.[^1]
+
+[[Israel|Israel]]'s connection with [[Paraguay]] under Stroessner dates back to [[Golda Meir]]'s time as foreign minister, who was instrumental in opening diplomatic relations. Stroessner agreed to open [[Paraguay|Paraguay's]] embassy in [[Jerusalem]], even when the [[USA|U.S.]] did not recognize [[Jerusalem]] as the capital of [[Israel]]. This relationship, however, was not always consistent, with [[Mossad]] agents continuing to track [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] groups in [[Paraguay]]. Stroessner attempted to improve his reputation by promising full cooperation with [[Israel]], though he did little to address the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] issue.[^1]
+
+[[Paraguay]] became a conduit for illegal arms shipments to [[Israel]] and for smuggling matériel from [[South Africa]] for the [[Dimona reactor]]. [[Paraguay Airlines]] maintained a monthly flight to [[Tel Aviv]], with aircraft undergoing maintenance by [[Israel Aircraft Industries]] in [[Israel]].[^1]
+
+In September 1988, [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] met with [[Alfredo Stroessner|Stroessner]] to persuade him to close down [[Carlos Cardoen|Cardoen Industries]]' chemical plant in [[Paraguay]], which was producing chemical weapons for [[Iraq]]. [[Alfredo Stroessner|Stroessner]] initially agreed to close the plant by the end of February 1989 in exchange for a $30 million aid package in military equipment and training for a special antiterrorist unit for his Presidential Guard. He also revealed that [[Andres Rodriguez|Gen. Andres Rodriguez]] had an interest in [[Carlos Cardoen|Cardoen Industries]].[^1]
+
+[[Alfredo Stroessner|Stroessner]] was aware of a plotted coup against him by [[Andres Rodriguez|Gen. Andres Rodriguez]], supported by the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]. Despite his efforts to neutralize Rodriguez, the coup took place on February 2, 1989, leading to Stroessner's overthrow. He had promised [[Ari Ben-Menashe|Ben-Menashe]] that the [[Carlos Cardoen|Cardoen]] plant would be closed, and had received small arms from [[Israel]] as part of the agreement.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Amiram Nir.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Politics
+  - Intelligence
+  - Israel
+---
+[[Amiram Nir]] was a former [[Israel|Israeli]] TV newsman and a counterterrorism adviser to [[Shimon Peres]]. He was originally a military officer in the tank corps and lost an eye in a training accident. He married [[Judy Moses]], the daughter of the owner of [[Yediot Ahronot]], a major [[Israel|Israeli]] newspaper chain.[^1]
+
+Nir resigned from his TV job to work as a public relations adviser for [[Shimon Peres|Peres]] during the 1981 elections. After [[Shimon Peres|Peres]] became prime minister in 1984, he appointed Nir as his counterterrorism adviser. Nir found documents related to [[Rafi Eitan|Eitan's]] [[USA|U.S.]] spy network and the [[Iran-Israel Joint Committee|Joint Committee's]] arms sales to [[Iran]].[^1]
+
+[[Shimon Peres|Peres]] and Nir faced challenges from the [[Likud Party]]-controlled intelligence community and the lack of financial power within the [[Labor Party]]. [[Shimon Peres|Peres]] decided to open a competing arms channel, run by Nir, to gain control over the profitable [[Iran]] arms sales and to undermine the existing intelligence-community channel. Nir, despite his lack of experience in intelligence or business, sought support from individuals like [[Al Schwimmer]] and [[Yaacov Nimrodi]].[^1]
+
+Nir met with [[Robert McFarlane]] in [[Washington D.C.]] and threatened him with exposure if he did not cooperate with the new channel. This led to [[Robert McFarlane|McFarlane]] connecting Nir with [[Oliver North]] and [[John Poindexter]] of the [[National Security Council]]. Nir, [[Oliver North|North]], and [[John Poindexter|Poindexter]] gained the support of [[William Casey]], then head of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], and [[George Bush]] tacitly ignored the operation.[^1]
+
+Nir's operation, however, struggled to make significant inroads into the arms trade. In April 1986, [[Oliver North|North]] initiated a sting operation, the [[Hashemi sting]], to discredit the [[Iran-Israel Joint Committee|original channel]] and its members. Nir was also involved in the leaking of the [[Jonathan Pollard]] story to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] to further undermine the [[Likud Party]]'s credibility.[^1]
+
+In May 1986, [[Oliver North|North]], [[Robert McFarlane|McFarlane]], and Nir traveled to [[Tehran]] disguised as Irish technicians, carrying [[TOW missile]]s and [[Hawk missile]] spare parts. They were detained, and the military equipment was confiscated. This incident, along with the delivery of outdated [[Hawk missile]]s with [[Israel|Israeli]] markings, effectively killed off the [[Iran]] end of the second channel.[^1]
+
+[[Amiram Nir|Nir]] also faced problems with his plans for supplying the [[Contras]], as [[Yitzhak Rabin]] refused to cooperate. A mysterious $10 million contribution from the [[Sultan of Brunei]] to [[Oliver North|North's]] group, wired through [[Bruce Rappaport]], was leaked by the [[Iran-Israel Joint Committee|Joint Committee]], further exposing the second channel.[^1]
+
+[[Amiram Nir|Nir]] was due to be a major witness in [[Oliver North|North's]] trial and knew a great deal about [[Ihsan Barbouti|Barbouti's]] chemical operation in [[Miami]]. He was killed in a plane crash in [[Mexico]] in November 1988, an event that [[Israel|Israeli]] intelligence believed was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] operation to prevent his testimony from embarrassing [[Shimon Peres|Peres]], [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]], or [[George Bush|Bush]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Amnon Rubinstein.md

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+---
+aliases:
+  - Amnon Rubinstein
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Legal Scholar
+  - Politician
+  - Israel
+---
+# Amnon Rubinstein
+
+Amnon Rubinstein was a prominent [[Israel|Israeli]] legal scholar, politician, and television talk show host. Known as the founding father of Israeli constitutional law, he served in various ministerial roles, including Minister of Communications, Minister of Science and Technology and Space, and Minister of Energy and Infrastructure[^1].
+
+Rubinstein became a notable supporter of [[Uri Geller]]'s [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] and [[Psychokinesis|PK]] abilities since 1969. He first encountered Geller at a party, where Geller allegedly demonstrated a remarkable ability to influence Rubinstein's thoughts, making him choose a specific number that Geller had already written down. Rubinstein, initially skeptical, was astonished by this demonstration[^1].
+
+He conducted numerous informal tests with Geller in his own home, where Geller consistently demonstrated the ability to "plant a thought right in our mind," such as writing down a number or a capital city that Rubinstein or his family would then choose. Rubinstein considered this ability far more significant than spoon bending, stating, "This is a single phenomenon that casts doubt on many of the foundations of our rational world." He remained a staunch defender of Geller's powers against critics[^1].
+
+Rubinstein advised Geller to go to America to be tested at a serious research institute like [[Stanford Research Institute|Stanford]], which ultimately led to Geller's testing by the CIA[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Andrea Stocco.md

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+---
+aliases:
+  - Andrea Stocco
+  - Dr. Andrea Stocco
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Scientist
+  - Researcher
+---
+Andrea Stocco is a co-director at the [[Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences]] (I-LABS) at the [[University of Washington]] in [[Seattle]]. He is involved in research on [[Synthetic Telepathy]], specifically focusing on direct brain-to-brain communication[^1].
+
+Stocco explains that while evolution has found ways for humans to communicate information from their brains, it requires translation. His work aims to reverse this process, taking signals from the brain and, with minimal translation, putting them back into another person's brain[^1].
+
+In collaboration with computational neuroscientist [[Rajesh Rao]], Stocco's laboratory conducted experiments on August 12, 2013, demonstrating [[Synthetic Telepathy]] between two human test subjects for the first time in human history[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Andres Rodriguez.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Military
+  - Politics
+  - Paraguay
+---
+[[Andres Rodriguez]] was a General in [[Paraguay]] and the head of the military school. He was a powerful figure in the country, considered by some to be the second most powerful man after [[Alfredo Stroessner|President Stroessner]]. He was believed to be a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] agent and had an exclusive on importing [[USA|American]] cigarettes to [[Paraguay]].[^1]
+
+[[Andres Rodriguez|Rodriguez]] had close connections with [[Rodolfo Stange|Gen. Rodolfo Stange]] of [[Chile]] and was believed to receive a retainer from [[Carlos Cardoen]]. He had presidential aspirations and was involved in a power struggle with [[Alfredo Stroessner|President Stroessner]]. His daughter, Marta, was married to Stroessner's second son, who was a cocaine addict, leading to strife over the presidential candidacy.[^1]
+
+[[Andres Rodriguez|Rodriguez]] orchestrated a coup d'état against [[Alfredo Stroessner|President Stroessner]] in February 1989, with the support of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]. [[Earl Brian]] and [[Clair George]] visited [[Paraguay]] and met with [[Andres Rodriguez|Rodriguez]] prior to the coup. The closing of [[Carlos Cardoen|Cardoen's]] chemical plant in [[Paraguay]] was one of the issues that brought the power struggle to a head.[^1]
+
+After the coup, [[Andres Rodriguez|Rodriguez]] became the President of [[Paraguay]] and continued to rule the country with the blessing of the [[USA|U.S.]] government. He stepped down in August 1993 and died in 1997.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Andrija Puharich.md

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+---
+created: 2025-07-23
+updated: 2025-07-23
+title: Andrija Puharich
+tags:
+  - person
+  - researcher
+  - parapsychologist
+  - Physician
+  - Scientist
+  - CIA
+  - Military
+---
+
+Henry Karel “Andrija” Puharich (1918–1995) was a prominent American physician, research scientist, and parapsychologist who became a central figure in the U.S. government's investigations into [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] and [[Psychokinesis|PK]] during the [[Cold War]]. His lifelong quest to understand the nature of consciousness and anomalous mental phenomena led him to explore the intersection of science, mysticism, and the supernatural[^1].
+
+Born in Chicago on February 19, 1918, to poor Yugoslavian immigrants, Puharich had an early experience that shaped his future. As a milk delivery boy, he claimed to have calmed a vicious dog by sending "feelings of calmness and peace," leading him to believe in [[Telepathy|mind-to-mind telepathy]] and inspiring him to pursue medicine to understand the biological basis of such phenomena[^1]. He excelled academically, attending Northwestern University for philosophy and premedical studies before entering medical school. During his studies, he deeply contemplated the nature of the mind and consciousness, stating, "Understanding the nature of man’s consciousness... is my lifelong quest"[^1].
+
+After completing his medical degree in 1947, Puharich worked with leading physicians, including his mentor, Dr. Andrew C. Ivy. During his residency at the Permanente Research Foundation, he formulated the **Puharich Theory**, which posited an unknown energy force linking the brain and nervous system to cells, with instructions flowing between them as "dynamics." He believed this energy radiated on the [[Electromagnetic Spectrum|electromagnetic spectrum]] but was beyond current measurement technology. His theory gained traction when [[Lloyd H. Beck]] and [[Walter S. Miles]] of Yale University reported that the olfactory nerve of a bee radiated energy in the infrared spectrum[^1].
+
+Inspired by microbiologist [[Paul De Kruif]], who warned him to "Beware the Establishment!"[^1], Puharich began lecturing on his ideas, merging philosophy, mysticism, and science. This attracted wealthy benefactors, notably [[Joyce Borden Balokovic]] and [[Zlatko Balokovic]], and later [[Alice Astor Bouverie]] and [[Marcella Miller du Pont]]. With their financial backing, Puharich established the [[Round Table Foundation]] in Glen Cove, Maine, in 1949. The foundation, named in homage to King Arthur, aimed to conduct experiments on [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] and related phenomena[^1].
+
+The Warrenton Estate, Puharich's home and laboratory, became the center of his research. Here, he conducted experiments on audio waves and human hearing, collaborating with ear surgeon [[Samuel Rosen]], whose accidental discovery of the "Rosen stapes" operation brought prestige and grants to the foundation[^1]. Puharich's mystical beliefs deepened through his mentorship with [[John Hays Hammond Jr.]], a wealthy inventor and ESP advocate. Hammond, influenced by [[Nikola Tesla]], believed scientific inspiration could come from an unknown energy force in dreams. Together, they built a [[Faraday Cage]] to test ESP on [[Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Waves|ELF waves]]. Their "Project I" involved psychics like [[Eileen Garrett]], whose ESP abilities reportedly increased inside the cage[^1].
+
+Puharich also investigated audio aberrations, collaborating with [[Warren S. McCulloch]], a cybernetics founder and [[Central Intelligence Agency]] asset. They discovered that a machinist hearing voices was actually picking up radio signals due to carborundum dust on his dental fillings, a finding that garnered attention from *The New York Times* and the [[U.S. Navy]][^1].
+
+Puharich's work caught the attention of the [[Pentagon]]. In 1952, Lieutenant Colonel [[John B. Stanley]] of the [[U.S. Army]]'s Office of the Chief of Psychological Warfare, who also served as an Army liaison to the CIA, met with Puharich. This led to Puharich delivering classified briefings and being recalled to military service in March 1953, where he worked at the [[U.S. Army Chemical Center]] in Edgewood, Maryland[^1]. His task was to find a drug that could enhance ESP, mirroring the [[CIA]]'s quest for a truth serum[^1].
+
+During this period, Puharich became obsessed with the hallucinogenic mushroom *teonanáctl* (God's flesh), after [[Alice Astor Bouverie]] informed him of [[Harry Stump]]'s channeling of an "Egyptian persona" that spoke of such a drug. Puharich learned of [[R. Gordon Wasson]]'s expeditions to Mexico in search of the mushroom and briefed his Army superiors on it[^1]. However, the CIA, through [[James Moore]], bypassed Puharich and approached Wasson directly, leading to Puharich being sidelined from the [[Project MKUltra|MKULTRA Subproject 58]][^1].
+
+Puharich's personal life suffered during his Army service. His wife, Jinny, battled severe depression and underwent insulin shock therapy. After their divorce, Jinny died by suicide in 1959[^1]. Puharich later married Bep Hermans.
+
+Upon his return to civilian life in 1955, Puharich continued his research at the [[Round Table Foundation]]. He experimented with *teonanáctl* on himself and others, including [[Harry Stump]], with [[Aldous Huxley]] as a witness. While the experiments did not yield the divinatory powers Puharich hoped for in Stump, they highlighted the ethical complexities of his research[^1].
+
+After the death of [[Alice Astor Bouverie]], a key financial supporter, and growing paranoia about CIA interest in his research, Puharich and [[Peter Hurkos]] traveled to Mexico in search of more mushrooms. The [[Round Table Foundation]] eventually closed in 1957[^1].
+
+Puharich continued to work on secret government contracts, including for [[NASA]] and the [[Air Force Systems Command]], exploring concepts like "skin reading"—the idea that the skin could function as an organ of sensory communication beyond touch. He demonstrated this with deaf individuals, convincing [[Paul S. Henshaw]] of the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] of its legitimacy[^1].
+
+His interests also extended to psychic healing, leading him to Brazil to study [[Arigo]], a healer who reportedly performed surgeries with a pocketknife. Puharich documented Arigo's work, hoping to secure military interest in "psychic healing on the battlefield," though without success[^1].
+
+In 1970, Puharich met [[Itzhak Bentov]], who introduced him to [[Uri Geller]], an Israeli with extraordinary psychokinetic and telepathic abilities. Puharich became obsessed with Geller, believing he could secure a government research contract if he could test him under laboratory conditions. His efforts led to Geller being tested by the [[CIA]] at [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI), though the CIA viewed Puharich as a "potential liability"[^1]. Puharich acted as Geller's official manager, often involving the press, which complicated the CIA's desire for secrecy[^1].
+
+Throughout his life, Puharich maintained a theory that extraterrestrials were trying to send messages to humans through psychic people, and that [[Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Waves|ELF waves]] were responsible for the sicknesses of the age[^1].
+
+Andrija Puharich died tragically in 1995, alone and impoverished, under threat of eviction from the estate of his last benefactor, [[R. J. Reynolds]]. He was 76 and suffering from dementia, kidney failure, and gangrene[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Anthony Pasciuto.md

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+---
+aliases: []
+tags:
+  - Person
+---
+Anthony Pasciuto was the Deputy Director of the Executive Office of U.S. Trustees (EOUST) within the [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]]. He became a central figure in [[Inslaw Corporation|Inslaw]]'s allegations of a plot to convert its bankruptcy to a liquidation and a subsequent cover-up.
+
+Inslaw's primary allegation stemmed from a private conversation [[Bill Hamilton]] and [[Nancy Hamilton]] had with Pasciuto in March 1987. According to Nancy Hamilton's later testimony, Pasciuto told them that the Director of EOUST, [[Thomas Stanton]], had pressured the U.S. Trustee assigned to the [[INSLAW]] case, [[Philip White]], to convert the case to Chapter 7. Pasciuto also allegedly told the Hamiltons that Stanton had tried to detail a talented attorney from the U.S. Trustee's Office in the Southern District of New York, [[Harry Jones]], to Washington D.C., to work on converting the Inslaw case. This allegation was initially supported by the deposition testimony of [[Cornelius Blackshear]], then a U.S. Bankruptcy Judge, who swore that White had told him Stanton wanted the Inslaw case converted and a particular attorney from Blackshear's office assigned to handle it.[^1]
+
+However, Pasciuto's testimony and statements were found to be highly unreliable by the Special Counsel's investigation. Pasciuto himself testified during the Independent Handling hearing that no one had ever told him Stanton pressured White to convert the case, and he had no personal knowledge of the subject. He admitted that if he did tell the Hamiltons of such pressure, it was because he was very upset and would have done anything, including exaggerating and making things up, to hurt Stanton, his boss, with whom he was having problems. Pasciuto later changed his story, claiming that his initial statements to the Hamiltons were true and that his trial testimony was influenced by pressure from the DOJ and the lack of corroboration from Blackshear and White.[^1]
+
+The Special Counsel's investigation concluded that Pasciuto's statements were unreliable because he never claimed first-hand knowledge, he contradicted his own prior sworn testimony, and his later statements were often vague impressions without corroboration. The investigation also noted that Pasciuto's later claims were made after the Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR) recommended his termination for admitting he made false statements to the Hamiltons to harm Stanton. OPR concluded that Pasciuto's conduct, in providing false information to harm his superior, did not qualify him as a whistleblower, and his termination was appropriate. The Special Counsel found insufficient evidence to support the allegations that the DOJ planned or attempted to convert Inslaw's bankruptcy case or engaged in any cover-up.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993. (Hereafter, "Bua Report")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Anthony Pearson.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Military
+  - Intelligence
+  - UK
+---
+[[Anthony Pearson]] was a former British Special Airborne Service ([[SAS]]) officer who ran a company called [[Strategic Intelligence Services]], located in [[London]]. His firm provided espionage services to [[Israel]], among others.[^1]
+
+[[Anthony Pearson|Pearson]] was known for recruiting mercenaries from [[Lafayette]], [[Louisiana]], and sending them to various parts of the world. His men were involved in helping the Muslim government's troops in southern [[Sudan]] fight against Christian-Animist revolutionaries in the early 1970s. In November 1981, some of his men participated in an unsuccessful coup in the [[Seychelles]], where they were arrested for bringing in AK-47s in golf bags.[^1]
+
+According to [[Mossad]] files, [[Anthony Pearson|Pearson]] could also arrange assassinations for $50,000, splitting the fee with a hit man recruited in [[Louisiana]].[^1]
+
+[[Anthony Pearson|Pearson]] recruited [[Nicholas Davies]], the London *Daily Mirror* foreign editor, for [[Mossad]] in the 1970s. He also worked with [[Mohammed Radi Abdullah]], a former colonel in the [[Jordan|Jordanian]] Army. [[Anthony Pearson|Pearson]] used [[Mohammed Radi Abdullah|Radi's]] unwitting help to acquire intelligence about Palestinian organizations in [[Europe]] by selling arms to them. This allowed [[Anthony Pearson|Pearson]] to pass intelligence to [[Mossad]] about the groups' movements and weapons. Based on [[Mohammed Radi Abdullah|Radi's]] tips, 14 or 15 Palestinians were eliminated over a two-month period.[^1]
+
+In 1978, [[Anthony Pearson|Pearson]] offered [[Mohammed Radi Abdullah|Radi]] a £200,000 loan, making it clear the money came from an [[Israel|Israeli]] source, and recruited him to work for an antiterrorist group in [[Israel]] run by [[Rafi Eitan]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Arieh Shur.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Military
+  - Israel
+---
+Colonel [[Arieh Shur]] was an officer in the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli Defense Forces]]' External Relations Department. He provided a letter of recommendation for [[Ari Ben-Menashe]], confirming Ben-Menashe's service in a task that demanded "considerable analytical and executive skills." The letter noted Ben-Menashe's ability to carry out his task with "understanding, skill, and determination," and to adapt to changing situations.[^1]
+
+This letter was later introduced as evidence during [[Ari Ben-Menashe|Ben-Menashe's]] trial to counter the [[Israel|Israeli]] government's claim that he was merely a low-level translator.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ariel Sharon.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Ariel Sharon
+  - General Ariel Sharon
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Military
+  - Israel
+---
+# Ariel Sharon
+
+Ariel Sharon was an Israeli General. In the summer of 1970, he was photographed at a function speaking with [[Uri Geller]] (Jacobsen, Chapter Six). This occurred during a period when Geller's popularity was rising in [[Israel]], and he was also seen having lunch with [[Moshe Dayan]] at the White Elephant Restaurant in Zahala (Jacobsen, Chapter Six).[^1]
+
+In August 1981, [[Ariel Sharon]] was named defense minister by the newly reelected [[Menachem Begin 1]] government. In September of the same year, he was in [[Washington D.C.]] with Begin to lobby the White House in support of a far-reaching Israeli plan for [[United States]]-Israeli strategic cooperation against the [[Soviet Union]]. Sharon pushed for a downlink for [[KH-11]] satellite imagery to be located in [[Tel Aviv]], insisting it be "dedicated" so that only [[Israel]] could read the encoded signals. This suggestion was deemed preposterous by [[Richard V. Allen]], then National Security Advisor, who privately told Sharon so.[^2]
+
+The bombing of the Iraqi nuclear reactor at [[Osirak]] in June 1981, which [[Ariel Sharon]] had supported, led him to conclude that the [[United States]] was not a reliable strategic ally. Following this, he turned to a clandestine Israeli intelligence agency under his defense ministry, which then intercepted intelligence on the [[Middle East]] and [[Soviet Union]] from sensitive American agencies. This included intelligence that [[Israel]] had been told it would no longer receive. An American Jew working in the U.S. intelligence community had volunteered his services to this agency years prior and would soon be tasked with spying on his country for [[Israel]].[^2]
+
+---
+
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Arnold Overoye.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[[Arnold Overoye]] was an individual in the [[California Attorney General's Office|State Attorney General's Office]] in Sacramento. He initially agreed with Assistant [[United States Attorney|U.S. Attorney]] [[James White]] that [[Roderick Sinclair]] should be prosecuted in connection with the "Queen's accident." However, when the original [[California Highway Patrol|CHP]] report crossed [[John Van de Kamp]]'s desk, Van de Kamp told Overoye and his assistant to "discard" or "trash" it.[^1]
+
+Overoye's "procedure" of referring complaints directly back to local agencies was noted as a consistent practice, leading to threats, intimidation, and fear for complaining individuals in Mariposa County. This practice, along with the inaction of [[John Van de Kamp]] and federal agencies, reportedly extended to a number of foothill counties experiencing similar local corruption.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Art Suchesk.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[[Art Suchesk]] was a friend of [[Allan Boyak]] from his Green Beret days. He ran a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] proprietary company called [[Hoffman Electronics]]. Suchesk repeatedly encountered [[Robert Booth Nichols]] in places like [[Singapore]], the [[Philippines]], and [[Taiwan]] over a two-year period after the Los Angeles [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] dropped its interest in Nichols. Suchesk was based out of Zurich, [[Switzerland]], during this time, reportedly continuing his "front man work" for the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]].[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Avi Pazner.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Politics
+  - Israel
+---
+[[Avi Pazner]] was the spokesman and unofficial national security adviser to [[Yitzhak Shamir]], the Prime Minister of [[Israel]]. He later became [[Israel|Israel's]] ambassador to [[Italy]].[^1]
+
+[[Avi Pazner|Pazner]] was involved in various covert operations and political dealings on behalf of [[Yitzhak Shamir|Shamir]]. He was the head of a task force of intelligence officers appointed by [[Yitzhak Shamir|Shamir]] to halt the supply of chemical weapons and nuclear technology to [[Iraq]] from the [[USA|West]], particularly [[Chile]].[^1]
+
+[[Avi Pazner|Pazner]] was briefed by [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] on the arrangements with [[Abimael Guzmán Reynoso|Guzmán]] in [[Peru]] for the purchase of rare minerals for [[Israel|Israel's]] nuclear program. He also played a role in the negotiations for the sale of C-130 aircraft to [[Iran]] in exchange for the release of [[Israel|Israeli]] soldiers held in [[Lebanon]].[^1]
+
+[[Avi Pazner|Pazner]] was involved in the secret agreement between [[Israel]] and the [[USA|U.S.]] not to supply [[Iran]] with arms after the [[Iran-Iraq War]] ceasefire, and to try to stop chemical weapons going to [[Iraq]]. He also confirmed that [[Robert Gates]] had given the nod for [[GeoMiliTech|GMT]] to deal with [[Israel]].[^1]
+
+[[Avi Pazner|Pazner]] was hounded by the press about the [[Israel|Israeli]] government's lies regarding [[Ari Ben-Menashe|Ben-Menashe's]] employment. He was also involved in the decision to transfer [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] money, which was under [[Israel|Israeli]] control, to the [[East Bloc]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Aviem Sella.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Military
+  - Israel
+---
+Colonel [[Aviem Sella]] was an [[Israel|Israeli]] Air Force officer and a nuclear targeting expert who was implicated in the [[Jonathan Pollard]] espionage case, where he worked with [[Jonathan Pollard|Pollard]] to obtain intelligence from the [[USA|U.S.]] Navy.[^1]
+
+### Nuclear Targeting Expertise
+
+Sella was one of the Israeli Air Force's leading nuclear bombing and targeting experts. He was specifically assigned to serve as [[Jonathan Pollard]]'s handler. Pollard insisted that his spying did not begin until July 1984, after a social meeting with Sella. Sella's mission was to help Pollard gather and evaluate essential intelligence, including advanced American intelligence on weather patterns, communication protocols, and data on emergency and alert procedures, as well as knowledge of the electromagnetic fields between [[Israel]] and its main targets in the [[Soviet Union]].[^2]
+
+### Operational Shortcomings
+
+Sella's superb skill and knowledge of nuclear targeting blinded [[Rafael Eitan]] and the Israeli intelligence community to the fact that Sella was a pilot who knew nothing about running a covert operation. When Pollard got into trouble in late 1985, Sella's main concern was fleeing the [[United States]] as quickly as possible before he, too, was arrested.[^2]
+
+### Legal Consequences and Aftermath
+
+Sella, who retired from the air force in disillusionment and disappointment, remained in [[Israel]], as of mid-1991 a fugitive from American justice. He has given friends and colleagues an account of his involvement that is more credible, but still far short of the whole story. He claimed he was recruited to try to control Pollard, who was drowning the Israeli intelligence bureaucracy in documents. By 1984, when Sella was approached, he had almost completed his requirement for a Ph.D. in computer science at [[New York University]], and the obvious thought was that his technical training would be an asset in evaluating and perhaps winnowing down Pollard's materials. Sella knew that Pollard had been recruited long before 1984, but he was eager for the assignment, believing that running a spy as important as Pollard would make his own climb to the top inevitable. Before taking the assignment, he checked with his superior, Major General [[Amos Lapidot]], the air force chief of staff, who assured him that Pollard was not a rogue and that clearance for his new assignment had been obtained from [[Yitzhak Rabin]], the minister of defense. Once involved, Sella complained to a friend that Pollard "was running crazy" and "was giving him things he didn't want and didn't need."[^2]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. _Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network_. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War") 
+[^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. _The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy_. Random House, 1991. Chapter 21.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Avraham Shalom.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Intelligence
+  - Israel
+---
+Avraham Shalom was the director of [[Shin Bet]], [[Israel]]'s internal security agency. He was forced to resign his post in late June 1984 due to cover-up charges in connection with the Shin Bet killing in 1984 of two Palestinian hijackers while in custody. Shalom was part of a six-man Israeli delegation that arrived in [[Washington D.C.]] in August 1986 to resolve the [[Jonathan Pollard]] affair. He, along with [[Ram Caspi]] and [[Hanan Bar-on]], had been appointed by [[Shimon Peres]] immediately after Pollard's arrest to conduct an internal investigation. They reported within a week that Pollard was part of a rogue intelligence-gathering unit that operated without any government awareness.[^1]
+
+[[Rafael Eitan]] had a need to settle old scores with [[Yitzhak Hofi]], the head of [[Mossad]], and [[Avraham Shalom]], Shin Beth's director. This personal ambition and need for revenge drove Eitan's actions, including the recruitment of [[Jonathan Pollard]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 21.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Bill O'Donnell.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Bill O'Donnell
+tags:
+  - person
+  - CIA
+  - intelligence
+description: Bill O'Donnell was a CIA officer who inadvertently provided the coordinates for a secret NSA facility, leading to the Sugar Grove incident in early remote viewing research.
+---
+
+[[Bill O'Donnell]] was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] officer. In May 1973, he inadvertently provided the coordinates for a secret [[NSA]] facility near Sugar Grove, West Virginia, to [[Richard Kennett]]. Kennett had asked O'Donnell for coordinates of a place on the East Coast that, if a drawing or photograph were shown later, O'Donnell would be able to confirm. O'Donnell, unaware of the true purpose, provided the precise coordinates of his summer cabin, which happened to be near the highly classified NSA site.[^1]
+
+This incident, where [[Ingo Swann]] and [[Pat Price]] accurately described the NSA facility despite being given coordinates for O'Donnell's cabin, became known as the Sugar Grove incident. It led to a hostile security investigation, as the psychics' remote viewing data was accurate enough to suggest a massive leakage of top-secret information. O'Donnell initially dismissed the psychics' descriptions as "bullshit" because they didn't match his cabin, but later realized the true implications when Kennett discovered the secret military installation nearby.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Bill Ray.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Bill Ray
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Remote Viewer
+---
+Bill Ray was one of the five remote viewers from [[Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]] who remained in the program when the [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]] took over the [[Psychoenergetics|psychoenergetics]] program. He was sent to New York City to be trained in the six stages of [[Coordinate Remote Viewing|CRV]] with [[Ingo Swann]][^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Bob Schilly.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[[Bob Schilly]] was a Sergeant in the [[California Highway Patrol|CHP]]. He reported that Mariposa County Sheriff's Sergeant [[Roderick Sinclair]], who was driving with his partner, Deputy [[Rod McKean]], crossed the center line and hit the second of three Secret Service cars, causing it to tumble down a 10-foot embankment. This occurred during the "Queen's accident" on March 5, 1983.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Bobby Riconosciuto.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[Bobby Riconosciuto]] is the wife of [[Michael Riconosciuto]]. She lived with him at the time of his arrest in Washington State. Immediately after his arrest, she fled to California with their four children, including their youngest daughter, Elizabeth, fathered by Michael.[^1]
+
+Patrick Moriarty, [[Marshall Riconosciuto]]'s business partner, paid for Bobby's stay in an exclusive suite at the Embassy Suites Hotel in Orange County, California. While there, she had access to office equipment and other amenities. Bobby was instrumental in retrieving [[Michael Riconosciuto]]'s sensitive files and computer equipment from his hidden trailer in Trona, California, near Death Valley. She was instructed by Michael to keep away from the trailer in case she was being surveilled, as these files were considered Michael's "last ace in the hole."[^1]
+
+Frustrated by the slow progress of Michael's court defense and the lack of response to his requests for Witness Protection, Bobby decided to turn the documents over to [[Cheri Seymour]] for copying. She later intended to store the original documents at [[Marshall Riconosciuto]]'s business in Southern California, and Michael Riconosciuto later claimed Marshall shipped them to [[Ian Stuart Spiro]] for safekeeping.[^1]
+
+In January 1992, Bobby Riconosciuto disclosed that she had been present when [[Robert Booth Nichols]] met with [[Michael Abbell]] in Washington D.C. to discuss "crow-barring" the extradition of [[Cali Drug Cartel]] leaders [[Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela|Gilberto Rodriguez]], [[Jose Santacruz Londono|Jose Londono]], and [[Jose Santacruz Londono|Miguel Rodriguez]], whom they considered "intelligence people."[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Brad Kenneth Spafford.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Brad Kenneth Spafford was born in 1988. He is married to Jacqueline Spafford (born March 1989) and has two daughters.
+
+He attended Isle of Wight academy where he was on honor roll[^5] and won an award for craft arts in 2005.[^4]
+
+He worked at [Collins Machine Works](https://collinsmachine.com/), a naval focused machine shop. Spafford was a licensed private pilot.[^3]
+
+On July 4, 2021, Spafford disfigured his hand "while working on a homemade explosive" (the confidential human source [CHS] who reported Spafford to the FBI knew him before and after the accident). The CHS was concerned Spafford was interested in committing [[act of terrorism|acts of terrorism]].
+
+On Oct 2, 2024, Spafford bought a 20 acre property at [14151 Foursquare Rd, Smithfield, VA 23430](https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/14151-Foursquare-Rd-Smithfield-VA-23430/79136117_zpid/) for $645,000[^2].
+
+On December 11, 2024, Spafford registered Wandering Woods Ranch LLC[^1].
+
+Spafford was arrested by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] on December 17, 2024 for possession of a short barrel rifled and was later found to have 150 pipe bombs, explosives, a homemade mortar, and other related material on his property.
+# Footnotes
+
+[^1]: [Wandering Woods Ranch LLC](https://www.bizapedia.com/va/wandering-woods-ranch-llc.html)
+[^2]: [14151 Foursquare Rd](https://www.redfin.com/VA/Smithfield/14151-Foursquare-Rd-23430/home/49170416)
+[^3]: [Suffolk County Pilots](https://www.city-data.com/pilots/suffolk-city-virginia.html)
+[^4]: [Isle of Wight Newspaper](https://virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TSMT20051005.1.28&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------)
+[^5]: [Isle of Wight Newspaper June 2005](https://virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=TSMT20050622.1.24&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------)

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Bruno Ristau.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[[Bruno Ristau]] was a partner with [[Michael Abbell]] in the law firm [[Ristau and Abbell]] in Washington D.C. He was also formerly with the law firm of [[Kaplan, Russin and Becchi]], where [[Michael Abbell]] worked after leaving the [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]].[^1]
+
+Ristau had a long career with the [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]], serving in the Internal Security Division and Civil Division from 1958 to 1963, and as Director of the Office of Foreign Litigation from 1963 to 1981. He was described as a "heavyweight in the field of international law," speaking German, Polish, Spanish, and French. He was Chairman of the Division of International Law of the Washington D.C. Bar from 1971 to 1973, and Chairman of the Committee of Private International Law Practice in the American Bar Association from 1981 to 1984. He is also a member of the American Society of International Law.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Carl Sagan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Carl Sagan
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Cosmologist
+  - Skeptic
+  - Author
+---
+Carl Sagan (1934–1996) was a renowned American cosmologist, astronomer, planetary scientist, and author. He was a prominent figure in the scientific skepticism movement and a vocal critic of paranormal claims, including those made by [[Uri Geller]][^1].
+
+Sagan, along with [[Martin Gardner]], [[Ray Hyman]], [[Paul Kurtz]], and [[James Randi]], co-founded the [[Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal]] (CSICOP). This organization aimed to promote scientific inquiry and combat pseudoscience, which they believed included the sudden explosion of interest in paranormal phenomena[^1].
+
+Sagan expressed concern about the public's acceptance of Geller, writing, "The more serious-minded among us are starting to ask, what is going on? Why the sudden explosion of interest, even among some otherwise sensible people, in all sorts of paranormal ‘happenings’? Are we in retreat from the scientific ideas of rationality, dispassionate examination of evidence and sober experimentation that have made modern civilization what it is?"[^1]. He argued that belief in occultism could provide a climate for the rise of a demagogue, drawing parallels to Nazi Germany before the rise of Adolf Hitler[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Carl Stern.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[[Carl Stern]] was a public relations man for [[Janet Reno]], the [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]]. He interviewed [[Paul Wilcher]] on or about June 11, 1993, regarding the contents of a 100-page letter Wilcher had hand-delivered to Reno, which claimed that holdover [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]] employees from the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]]-[[George Bush|Bush]] era were responsible for government cover-ups.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Chapman Pincher.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Journalist
+  - UK
+---
+Chapman Pincher was a British journalist known for his close ties to the British intelligence and nuclear communities. In December 1960, he published a major story in the *London Daily Express* stating that "British and American intelligence authorities believe that the Israelis are well on the way to building their first experimental nuclear bomb." Pincher had received a tip from a senior figure in British atomic weapons research and verified the story with a contact in [[Mossad]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 6.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Charlene Cavanaugh Shufelt.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Charlene Cavanaugh Shufelt
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Remote Viewer
+---
+Charlene Cavanaugh Shufelt was one of the five remote viewers from [[Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]] who remained in the program when the [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]] took over the [[Psychoenergetics|psychoenergetics]] program. She was sent to [[New York City]] to be trained in the six stages of [[Coordinate Remote Viewing|CRV]] with [[Ingo Swann]][^1].
+
+She also worked as a personnel specialist and processed paperwork for those who wanted to attend the [[RAPT]] seminar at the [[Monroe Institute]][^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Charles Saphos.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+tags: ["Person", "Government Official", "Justice Department"]
+---
+Charles Saphos was the Chief of the Criminal Division Narcotics section of the [[Justice Department]].[^1]
+
+### Role in BCCI Scandal
+
+Saphos wrote to [[Florida]] regulators after [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International|BCCI]]'s Tampa conviction, requesting that the bank be allowed to remain open.[^2] His letter was worded to indicate that the Justice Department might wish to monitor certain accounts at the bank.[^2] [[Gerald Lewis]], the Florida state comptroller, refused to renew BCCI's license, citing that a felony had been committed and the bank must comply with legal requirements.[^3]
+
+Saphos clarified that the Justice Department was not requesting BCCI to be licensed, but rather that if it remained open, there might be occasions where the Justice Department would request banking relationships with customers under criminal investigation.[^3] He sent identical letters to banking commissioners in [[New York]] and Florida after meeting with former Justice Department attorneys for BCCI.[^3] Copies of these letters were sent to the attorneys but not to the U.S. attorney in Tampa, and the clarifying letter was not sent to New York or California commissioners.[^3]
+
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 11.
+[^2]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 88.
+[^3]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 375.
+

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Charlie Rose.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Charlie Rose
+tags:
+  - person
+  - politician
+  - government
+description: Charlie Rose was a U.S. Congressman from North Carolina who chaired the House Intelligence Committee's Evaluation Subcommittee and was a staunch supporter of the Grill Flame program.
+---
+Charlie Rose was a U.S. Congressman from North Carolina and a Democrat who chaired the House Intelligence Committee's Evaluation Subcommittee. He became a staunch supporter of the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Grill Flame]] program after being briefed on it in the late 1970s by General [[Edmund Thompson]] and [[Jack Vorona]], the head of the [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]]'s Scientific and Technical Intelligence Directorate.[^1]
+
+Rose toured the remote viewing facilities at both [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI) and [[Fort Meade]], chatting with remote viewers and witnessing practice sessions. He even discussed the program with President [[Jimmy Carter]]. Despite the fact that his constituents were in the Bible Belt, where dabbling in the paranormal was often viewed with suspicion, Rose publicly advocated for the program, believing it to be a "hell of a cheap radar system."[^1]
+
+In a revealing interview for *Omni* magazine in 1979, Rose condemned skeptics and "publicity-shy" intelligence officials, making a strong pitch for the program and citing remote viewing data he had seen on an unnamed Soviet target, stating, "What these people 'saw,' was confirmed by aerial photography. There's no way it could have been faked."[^1]
+
+In a revealing interview for *Omni* magazine in 1979, Rose condemned skeptics and "publicity-shy" intelligence officials, making a strong pitch for the program and citing remote viewing data he had seen on an unnamed Soviet target, stating, "What these people 'saw,' was confirmed by aerial photography. There's no way it could have been faked."[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Cheri Seymour.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Cheri Seymour is an investigative journalist and author. She is the author of "The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal." Seymour was a reporter for a small newspaper in a remote community near Yosemite Valley. Her work on "The Last Circle" involved extensive investigation into organized crime, drug trafficking, money laundering, and pirated software, following the trail of Danny Casolaro's investigation into what he termed "The Octopus."[1]
+
+## Bibliography
+
+*   **The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal** (First Edition) - ISBN-13: 978-1-9362960-0-2 (Print)
+
+## Footnotes
+
+[1] Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Christian Pineau.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Politics
+  - France
+---
+Christian Pineau was a French politician who served as Foreign Minister. He expressed last-minute qualms about the Israeli reactor, but [[Shimon Peres]] later claimed to have overcome Pineau's doubts by insisting that the reactor, already understood by engineers and officials throughout the French nuclear bureaucracy to be for a bomb, would be utilized only for "research and development." Pineau's signed authorization for the reactor came in late September 1957, precisely when his government was being voted out of office, meaning the formal authorization for [[Dimona]] was signed by an official who was already out of office.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 3.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Claiborne Pell.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Claiborne Pell
+  - Senator Claiborne Pell
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Politician
+  - US Senate
+---
+Claiborne Pell (1918–2009) was a powerful Democratic Senator from Rhode Island and a ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. A former [[Foreign Service]] officer who had worked behind enemy lines in Nazi-occupied Hungary, Pell was a firm supporter and proponent of [[Extrasensory Perception|extrasensory perception]] and the [[Remote Viewing]] program[^1].
+
+Pell actively lobbied for the program's survival, reaching out personally to [[Dale Graff]] to offer his support. His interest stemmed from a belief in the potential operational value of psychic abilities for military intelligence[^1].
+
+In 1987, Pell asked [[Uri Geller]] to come to Washington for a classified meeting on Capitol Hill. The meeting, which took place in the Capitol building's Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility, involved Geller demonstrating his abilities, including [[Telepathy|telepathy]] and spoon bending, to senators and other officials[^1].
+
+Pell also played a role in the 1987 Geneva disarmament talks. He was present at a reception where Geller was instructed to try and influence [[Yuli M. Vorontsov]], Russia's first deputy foreign minister and lead Soviet arms negotiator, to sign the [[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty|INF treaty]]. Seven days later, [[Ronald Reagan]] announced that the Soviet Union had offered to move ahead with an agreement to cut longer-range INF missiles[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Craig Olson.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[[Craig Olson]] was an [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] agent from the D.C. Metropolitan Office. He was one of two [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] agents present at [[Paul Wilcher]]'s apartment after Wilcher's death, along with [[James V. Desarno, Jr.]].[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/David L. Paul.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+tags: ["Person", "Real Estate Developer", "Banker"]
+---
+David L. Paul was a real estate developer and owner of [[CenTrust Savings Bank]] of [[Miami]].[^1]
+
+### Business and Financial Activities
+
+Paul put CenTrust on a significant growth curve using brokered deposits, which he funneled into high-risk real estate loans, junk bonds, and offbeat investments.[^2] He built a gleaming postmodernist skyscraper for CenTrust, which cost $180 million and featured marble, gold-plated bathroom fixtures, and a $13 million Peter Paul Rubens painting.[^3] He also spent $7 million on a ninety-five-foot yacht with a marble fireplace.[^4]
+
+Paul, along with [[Ghaith Pharaon]] and [[Agha Hasan Abedi]], engineered a sham purchase of CenTrust debentures. Pharaon, acting as a front for [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International|BCCI]], bought $24,668,750 of CenTrust's bonds in 1987. Paul secretly repurchased these bonds less than a year later, and Pharaon received a commission.[^5] This transaction allowed CenTrust to satisfy regulators and remain open for an additional year, costing U.S. taxpayers an estimated $2 billion when it was finally closed.[^6]
+
+### Political Connections and Legal Issues
+
+Paul had extensive political contacts, giving $300,000 to Democratic politicians and raising more.[^7] He was appointed financial chairman of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee in 1987 by Senator [[John Kerry]].[^8] His personal calendar showed frequent meetings with numerous senators and other key political figures.[^9]
+
+In 1992, Paul and Pharaon were indicted together by the [[Justice Department]] in Miami for the bond-swap conspiracy.[^10] His business practices and connections were scrutinized during the BCCI scandal, highlighting the intertwined nature of finance and politics.
+
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 10.
+[^2]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 218.
+[^3]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 218.
+[^4]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 218.
+[^5]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 220.
+[^6]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 85.
+[^7]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 218.
+[^8]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 218.
+[^9]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 221.
+[^10]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 221.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/David Stern.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Leader
+  - Israel
+  - Terrorism
+---
+[[David Stern]] was the leader of [[LEHI]] (Lohamei Herut Israel), also known as the [[Stern Gang]], a Jewish terrorist group. He was known for his virulently anti-British stance.[^1]
+
+His successor in leadership was [[Yitzhak Shamir]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Don Porter.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Don Porter
+tags:
+  - person
+  - INSCOM
+  - intelligence
+description: Don Porter was an INSCOM official who tasked the Stargate Project remote viewers with precognitive missions, including predicting the outcome of talks between North and South Korea.
+---
+Don Porter was an official with [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]] at Arlington Hall. He tasked the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Grill Flame]] remote viewers with precognitive missions, seeking to gain intelligence on future events.[^1]
+
+In one notable instance, Porter asked [[Frederick Atwater|Skip Atwater]] to have his remote viewers predict the outcome of secret talks between military and civilian officials from North and South Korea, to be held in a farmhouse in the demilitarized zone. Porter wanted to know the North Korean delegates' negotiating strategies and how far they could be pushed.[^1]
+
+Despite [[Joe McMoneagle]]'s theory that the random responses from the remote viewers indicated something was wrong with the target, and that the meeting might not occur, Porter proceeded with his scheduled flight to Korea. Shortly after his arrival, he was informed that the North Koreans had indeed canceled the meeting, confirming the remote viewers' collective, albeit indirect, precognition.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Donald T. Regan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Donald T. Regan
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Government Official
+  - White House
+---
+Donald T. Regan (1918–2003) was an American government official who served as the [[White House]] Chief of Staff under President [[Ronald Reagan]]. In May 1988, Regan revealed in his memoir that President Reagan had sought the advice of a private astrologer during his tenure at the White House[^1].
+
+Regan stated that "Virtually every major move and decision the Reagans made during my time as White House chief of staff was cleared by a woman in San Francisco who drew up horoscopes to make certain that the planets were in favorable alignment for the enterprise." This revelation was confirmed by White House press secretary [[Marlin Fitzwater]], who stated that President Reagan and his wife, Nancy, were both deeply interested in astrology[^1].
+
+The astrologer in question was [[Joan Quigley]]. Regan's disclosure brought the association of divination with national security into the news, sparking public interest and debate[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ed Rogers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Ed Rogers
+tags:
+  - person
+  - CIA
+  - intelligence
+description: Ed Rogers was the chief of Staff D at the CIA, an office specializing in small-scale signals intelligence collection. He was skeptical of psychic intelligence, citing the "giggle factor."
+---
+Ed Rogers was the chief of Staff D (later known as the Office of SIGINT Operations) at the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], an office specializing in small-scale signals intelligence (SIGINT) collection. He was a key figure in the internal debates within the CIA regarding the use of psychic intelligence, or [[PSI-INT]].[^1]
+
+Rogers was highly skeptical of incorporating psychic data into high-stakes operations, primarily due to what he termed the "giggle factor"—the fear of ridicule and operational compromise if it became widely known that his office was consulting psychics. This skepticism was evident when [[Norm Everheart]] proposed using [[Pat Price]]'s remote viewing abilities to confirm the layout of a Chinese Embassy basement.[^1]
+
+Despite Price's impressive performance in three preliminary tests, accurately describing details of the Chinese Embassy in Africa and a consular building in Rome, Rogers ultimately decided against using psychic intelligence for the operation. He famously stated, "It may be the only opportunity we ever have to find something at ground level... I'm not going to screw it up by reading tea leaves." In the end, Rogers approved a risky operation using conventional technical means to check the targeted embassy's basement, which concluded it was only a wine cellar, not a communications office.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Eduard Naumov.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Eduard Naumov
+tags:
+  - person
+  - parapsychologist
+  - SovietUnion
+description: Eduard Naumov was a Soviet parapsychologist known for his claims regarding the replication of the Nautilus experiment and the development of methods for telepathically tapping into psychic communications.
+---
+
+[[Eduard Naumov]] was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] parapsychologist. At a conference in Moscow in 1968, Naumov announced to Western researchers that the Red Navy had successfully replicated the entire [[The Nautilus (Telepathy Project)|Nautilus experiment]] using one of its own submarines. He further claimed that Soviet military researchers had developed a method for telepathically tapping into other people's psychic communications.[^1]
+
+Naumov's claims, along with other "wild stories" from Soviet psi research, were later featured in the 1970 book *Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain* by [[Sheila Ostrander]] and [[Lynn Schroeder]]. While some of his assertions were met with skepticism, his work contributed to the growing concern within the U.S. intelligence community about a potential "psi gap" between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Naumov was also interested in "Kirlian photography" of human "biofields" and believed in the influence of sunspots on destiny, which led some at the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] to view his work as influenced by mystical beliefs.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Elad Peled.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Military
+  - Israel
+---
+Elad Peled was an Israeli Major General and director of [[Israel]]'s Defense College. In February 1968, [[Henry A. Kissinger]] met privately with a group of Israeli scholars at Peled's [[Jerusalem]] home, where Kissinger had taught the year before. Kissinger's message was that the [[United States]] would not "lift a finger for [[Israel]]" if the Soviets chose to directly intervene.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 13.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Elliot Richardson.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[[Elliot Richardson]] was a respected former [[United States Attorney General|U.S. Attorney General]]. He served as the Hamiltons' attorney in the [[INSLAW]] case. Richardson subsequently sent [[Michael Riconosciuto]] an affidavit to sign, to be filed by [[INSLAW]] in federal court in connection with [[INSLAW]]'s pending Motion for Limited Discovery. This affidavit, dated March 21, 1991, was entered into court records and resulted in Riconosciuto's arrest within eight days.[^1]
+
+Richardson called for the appointment of a special counsel to look into the death of [[Danny Casolaro]].[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ernesto Samper Pizano.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[[Ernesto Samper Pizano]] was the newly elected president of [[Colombia]]. He was accused of taking $3.7 million in campaign funds from [[Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela|Gilberto Rodriguez]], a leader of the [[Cali Drug Cartel]]. This accusation effectively aligned Samper with [[Colombia]]'s drug lords.[^1]
+
+Three audio tapes of conversations between Rodriguez and Samper's campaign manager, Santiago Medina, were handed over to [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department]] officials before the election, but no action was taken. [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] officials were reportedly furious, stating that the [[United States Department of State|State Department]] allowed this "travesty to take place" and that "Everybody, including the U.S. government, is participating in this cover-up." The [[United States Department of State|State Department]] responded by saying, "We can't interfere with elections."[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ernst Schulte-Strathaus.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Ernst Schulte-Strathaus
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Astrologer
+---
+# Ernst Schulte-Strathaus
+
+Ernst Schulte-Strathaus was a German astrologer who, alongside [[Karl Krafft]], was reported to have constructed star charts that influenced [[Rudolf Hess]]'s decision to undertake his rogue flight to Scotland in May 1941. Hess, the Deputy Führer of [[Nazi Germany]], reportedly chose this date based on astrological advice, believing it to be cosmically suited for his secret mission[^1].
+
+Like other practitioners of the occult, Schulte-Strathaus would have been affected by "[[Special Action Hess]]" (Sonderaktion Heß), the mass arrest of astrologers and other occultists initiated by [[Adolf Hitler]] following Hess's flight[^1]. This crackdown aimed to suppress belief systems outside the official Nazi ideology, despite some high-ranking officials like [[Heinrich Himmler]] maintaining private interests in such fields[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Frank Nugan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[[Frank Nugan]] was a co-founder of [[Nugan Hand Bank]] in [[Australia]], along with [[Michael Hand]] and officials of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]-owned [[Air America]].[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Frank Press.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Scientist
+  - Government Official
+  - USA
+---
+Frank Press was the presidential science adviser during the [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] administration. He was a seismologist who had worked for years on classified nuclear detection issues and knew the [[VELA Satellite]] program well. After a VELA satellite recorded probable evidence of a nuclear explosion on September 22, 1979, Press suggested convening an unbiased outside study to determine if it was a test. He was concerned about the political implications if it leaked that the administration had concluded there had been a nuclear explosion.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 20.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Frank Sinatra.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[[Frank Sinatra]] was a renowned American singer and actor. His daughter, [[Tina Sinatra]], was interested in producing a *The Last Circle* (a novel about [[The Octopus]]) film with [[Joel Silver Productions]]. She showed the text to her father and the project "fell into a very deep hole."[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Gamal Abdel Nasser.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Gamal Abdel Nasser
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Head of State
+  - Egypt
+---
+[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] (1918–1970) was the second President of [[Egypt]], serving from 1956 until his death in 1970. He was a prominent figure in Arab nationalism and a key leader in the non-aligned movement during the [[Cold War]].[^1]
+
+**Rise to Power and Pan-Arab Vision**
+
+Nasser emerged as premier in 1954 after the overthrow of [[King Farouk]] in 1952. His ambitious talk of Pan-Arabism rattled the Israelis, who instinctively turned to the [[United States]] for support in response to this growing regional challenge.[^2]
+
+**Shift Toward Soviet Alliance**
+
+The trajectory of Nasser's foreign policy took a decisive turn following escalating tensions with [[Israel]]. After the Israeli attack on an Egyptian military camp at [[Gaza]] in February 1955, Nasser responded by turning to the Communist world for military aid. His efforts to secure alternative sources of support proved fruitful when he received a promise from [[Chou En-lai]], the Chinese premier, for arms at the Bandung Conference of African and Asian nations in April 1955.[^2]
+
+This initial outreach to the Communist bloc soon expanded dramatically. In July 1955, Soviet delegations arrived in [[Cairo]] to offer military aid, and by September, Nasser announced that [[Egypt]] would receive a staggering total of 200 modern Soviet bombers, 230 tanks, 200 troop carriers, and over 500 artillery pieces, along with Soviet advisers. This massive arms deal fundamentally altered the military balance in the Middle East.[^2]
+
+**The Suez Crisis**
+
+Building on his growing confidence and Soviet backing, Nasser made his most audacious move in July 1956 when he nationalized the [[Suez Canal]]. This bold action brought the British government into secret planning for war with [[Israel]] and [[France]], setting the stage for the 1956 Suez Crisis that would define his presidency and cement his status as a leader of the developing world.[^2]
+
+**American Intelligence Connections**
+
+Throughout these tumultuous events, Nasser maintained complex relationships with Western intelligence figures. [[Miles Copeland]], a retired [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] officer, was a good friend of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]]. [[Miles Copeland|Copeland]] was believed by [[Israel|Israeli]] intelligence to be responsible for [[USA|U.S.]] pressure on [[Israel]], [[Britain]], and [[France]] to withdraw from the [[Suez Canal]] area in 1956, and for pushing [[Israel|Israelis]] to withdraw from the [[Sinai Desert|Sinai]].[^2]
+
+**Death and Unusual Predictions**
+
+Nasser's political career came to an abrupt end when he purportedly collapsed with a stroke while giving a speech, leading to his death on September 28, 1970.[^2] Remarkably, [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser's]] death was notably predicted by [[Uri Geller|Israeli psychic Uri Geller]] during a [[Telepathy|telepathy]] demonstration in [[Tel Aviv]]. Geller, who became physically ill during the performance, proclaimed that [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]] "had just died or is about to die." Twenty minutes later, [[Radio Cairo]] announced [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser's]] death from a heart attack.[^1]
+
+This extraordinary event significantly boosted [[Uri Geller|Geller's]] reputation in [[Israel]], with [[Golda Meir|Prime Minister Golda Meir]] reportedly quipping, "Don't ask me... Ask [[Uri Geller]]" when asked about [[Israel|Israel's]] future. Nasser's successor was [[Anwar Sadat]], who would chart a dramatically different course for Egyptian foreign policy.[^1][^2]
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. _Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis_. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. _The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy_. Random House, 1991. Chapter 2, 3.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Garrison Rapmund.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Garrison Rapmund
+  - Major General Garrison Rapmund
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Military
+  - US Army
+---
+Garrison Rapmund was a Major General and the Assistant Surgeon General of the [[U.S. Army]]. In July 1984, after [[Albert Stubblebine]] was forced into early retirement and the [[Remote Viewing]] program was up for grabs, Rapmund engaged in discussions to move the program under his command within the [[Army Medical Research and Development Command]] at [[Fort Detrick]], Maryland[^1].
+
+His intention was to emphasize testing the physiology of the viewers. However, after several rounds of negotiations, the Office of the Surgeon General ultimately declined to take over the program[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Garry Nolan.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Garry Nolan
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Scientist
+  - Researcher
+  - Geneticist
+---
+Garry Nolan is a leading research scientist at [[Stanford University]], specializing in genetics, immunology, and bioinformatics. He trained under Nobel Prize-winning biologist [[David Baltimore]] and has published over 200 research papers and holds twenty biotechnology patents[^1].
+
+Nolan is collaborating with [[Kit Green]] on a research project to study individuals who have experienced enigmatic injuries, such as burns, skin lesions, and cancers, and who have also had face-to-face encounters with [[Unidentified Aerial Phenomena|UAPs]]. Nolan has met and worked with many of Green's patients and confirmed that they were injured, observing physiological consequences of the harm they endured[^1].
+
+Nolan and Green believe that in many cases, the injuries appear to be caused by an electromagnetic field. They are working on both the genetic and epigenetic components of these injuries, using advanced mapping technology to analyze the patients' [[DNA]] and immune systems. Their goal is to find patterns among the patients and create an integrated theory, suggesting a potential genetic determinant for these experiences[^1].
+
+Nolan's lab is known for pioneering advances in large-scale mapping of cellular features and human cells. He believes that the immune system records every event that happens to a person, creating a biological database of their physiological life. This technology could eventually allow doctors to read a person's historical physiological record from a blood sample[^1].
+
+Nolan speculates that some people may repeatedly attract these phenomena or experiences, acting like an "antenna" or "lighthouses in the dark." He and Green are essentially searching for a gene for paranormality, or what Green prefers to call "the genomics of supernormality"[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Gary Francis Powers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Pilot
+  - USA
+---
+Gary Francis Powers was an American pilot whose [[U-2 Spy Plane]] was shot down over the [[Soviet Union]] on May 1, 1960, leading to a major international incident. Powers and his colleagues continued intermittently to overfly the [[Middle East]], and were steadily back at work in the area in 1958, when the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s photo interpreters began seeing significant activity at an Israeli Air Force practice bombing range south of [[Beersheba]], which turned out to be the early signs of the [[Dimona]] nuclear reactor.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 4.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Gary Sick.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Author
+  - Politics
+  - USA
+---
+[[Gary Sick]] is a former [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] administration adviser on [[Iran]]. He is the author of *October Surprise*, a book that systematically examines the evidence suggesting a secret deal between the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] campaign and [[Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini|Khomeini]] to delay the release of [[USA|American]] hostages in [[Iran]] until after the 1980 presidential election.[^1]
+
+[[Gary Sick|Sick's]] allegations, along with those of [[Ari Ben-Menashe]], were investigated by the [[October Surprise Task Force]] and the [[Senate Foreign Relations Committee]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Genady Sergeyev.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Genady Sergeyev
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Scientist
+  - Military
+  - Soviet Union
+---
+# Genady Sergeyev
+
+Genady Sergeyev was a Soviet military doctor who oversaw experiments with the renowned psychic [[Ninel Kulagina]]. He is prominently featured in a classified film from March 10, 1970, at the Ukhtomskii Military Institute in Leningrad, which depicted Kulagina allegedly stopping a frog's heart with her mind[^1].
+
+During the experiment, Sergeyev monitored Kulagina's physiological responses, which included a heart rate of 240 and elevated blood pressure, as she concentrated on stopping the frog's heart. According to declassified documents, the heart activity ceased after approximately 7 minutes in the first experiment and 22 minutes in a second. She was also reportedly able to "reactivate" the heart[^1].
+
+Sergeyev also oversaw an experiment where Kulagina attempted to increase the heart rate of a skeptical physician, which reportedly reached dangerous levels. While some U.S. analysts suspected these demonstrations were part of a Soviet disinformation campaign, others in the U.S. military, particularly the Medical Intelligence Office of the [[U.S. Army]], considered the potential military applications of such abilities to be highly significant[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/General Ríos Montt.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[[General Ríos Montt]] was a Pentecostal "true believer" who became president of [[Guatemala]] in an army coup in March 1982. He was supported by the [[Ronald Reagan]] administration and aided by Full Gospel businessman [[John Carrette]], a former Army Ranger in [[Vietnam]].[^1]
+
+Montt's military regime (1982–1983) was involved in some of the worst atrocities of [[Guatemala]]'s 36-year civil war. Despite this, the [[Ronald Reagan]] administration continued to support him, with [[Ronald Reagan]] declaring in December 1982 that Montt was "a man of great personal integrity and commitment" who wanted to improve the quality of life for Guatemalans and promote social justice. In January 1983, Reagan agreed to sell [[Guatemala]] millions of dollars worth of helicopter spare parts, a decision that did not require Congressional approval.[^1]
+
+Montt's extreme version of Christian fundamentalism eventually led to his ousting in another coup in August 1983 by General [[Oscar Mejia Victores]]. In 1984, Montt spoke at an [[Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International|FGBMFI]] world convention, and [[Ronald Reagan]] succeeded in pressuring Congress to approve $300,000 in military training for the Guatemalan army.[^1]
+
+---
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/George K. Pender.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[George K. Pender]] was a Director of [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]] and a former Director of the Pacific Ocean area for Burns & Roe, Inc., an international engineering and construction corporation. He also served as a Senior Engineer Consultant to Burns & Roe, Inc.[^1]
+
+Pender played a significant role in [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]]'s activities in [[Lebanon]]. A letter dated July 12, 1983, from Pender to [[Amin Gamayel]], the president of [[Lebanon]], indicated [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]]'s interest in arranging financing for the redevelopment of [[Lebanon]], specifically mentioning the rebuilding of Damour and Alkhyam. This letter also noted that Pender had previously visited Beirut in February and May 1983 to discuss [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]]'s participation, with meetings held with the Chamouns, [[Maurice Ghanem]], and Mourad Baroudy.[^1]
+
+Pender's letter to President Gamayel also notably listed [[Robert Booth Nichols]]' telex number (652483 RBN ASSOCS LSA) for responses, indicating a close operational link between Pender and Nichols. The Arab Bank Limited in Amman, [[Jordan]], responded positively to a potential financial transaction of "US$ three billion or more" for the reconstruction of [[Lebanon]], though the text suggests it is unlikely such reconstruction fully materialized.[^1]
+
+[[Michael Riconosciuto]] claimed to have worked directly under [[Maurice Ghanem]] and [[George K. Pender]] in [[Lebanon]], further linking Pender to the alleged drug/intelligence operations in the region. Riconosciuto also stated that [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]] had a companion company called Euramae Trading, which operated throughout the Middle East and was involved in the drug trade, allegedly as a [[National Security Council|NSC]]-directed operation.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/George Otis.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[[George Otis]] (April 20, 1917 – July 22, 2007) was a former Lear executive and a member of [[Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International|FGBMFI]]. He was a significant figure in Christian broadcasting and evangelism, particularly in the Middle East, and had notable connections within political circles.[^1][^2]
+
+In 1970, Otis, along with [[Pat Boone]], [[Shirley Boone]], and [[Harold Bredesen]], prayed with then-California Governor [[Ronald Reagan]] at his home in Sacramento. Otis was reportedly "overcome with the Spirit" and began to speak in the voice of God, comparing Reagan to a king and prophesying that Reagan would "reside at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue" if he continued to walk in God's way. Reagan reportedly took the prophecy very seriously. A Reagan Aide who later worked on [[Pat Robertson]]'s presidential campaign invited [[Nita Scoggan]], the wife of an FGBMFI member, to form a prayer group in the [[White House]]. [[Oliver North]] reportedly attended these prayer meetings.[^1][^2]
+
+Otis founded [[High Adventure Ministries]], a Christian organization known for operating what was probably the first radio station in the Middle East (first located in [[Lebanon]] then moving to [[Israel]] after being attacked by terrorists) to preach the Gospel and play country music. The station was established in 1979 on a battlefield in southern [[Lebanon]] under the "Voice of Hope" banner. This evangelical radio ministry later expanded globally via shortwave radio. Otis also founded [[Middle East Television]] (METV), which was later passed on to CBN. In 2000, METV relocated to [[Cyprus]]. High Adventure also ran a program called [[Lebanon Aid]].[^2]
+
+Otis authored or co-authored a dozen books, including his autobiography, "High Adventure," and "The Guns of God," a manual on spiritual warfare.[^2]
+
+Otis was born in Payne, Ohio, and was an adventure-seeker from a young age. He took business classes at Earlham College and founded several electronics-related companies and later was general chairman of [[LearJet]]. 
+
+Otis was deeply involved in the Charismatic revival in the [[United States]], and he and [[Harold Bredesen]] were considered "Holy Spirit fathers" by [[Pat Boone]].[^2]
+### Footnotes
+
+  [^1]: Seymour, Cheri. The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.
+  [^2]: "George K. Otis, Sr. Another Christian General Goes Home." Obituary. The Last Circle (provided text).I have updated the page for George Otis. I
+  will now check for an existing page for "Nita Scoggan".

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Gerald G. Oplinger.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Government Official
+  - USA
+---
+Gerald G. Oplinger was an aide to [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]] for global issues. He had retired from the Foreign Service and worked at the [[Nuclear Regulatory Commission|NRC]] before joining Brzezinski's staff. Oplinger was summoned back to an urgent meeting in the White House situation room after a [[VELA Satellite]] recorded two distinctive bright flashes of light over the South Indian Ocean on September 22, 1979, probable evidence of a nuclear explosion. He recalled that [[Zbigniew Brzezinski|Brzezinski]] was present at the meeting, where the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] and [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]] stated that the odds were at least ninety percent that it had been a nuclear explosion. Oplinger personally had no doubt that it was a nuclear event.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 20.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Gertrude Schmeidler.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Gertrude Schmeidler
+  - Dr. Gertrude Schmeidler
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Psychologist
+  - Parapsychologist
+---
+Gertrude Schmeidler was an experimental psychologist with a PhD from [[Harvard University]]. In 1942, she conducted an experiment on anomalous mental phenomena with psychology students at [[City University of New York]]. Her analysis of the data led her to coin the terms "sheep" and "goats" to categorize individuals based on their beliefs about [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] and [[Psychokinesis|PK]][^1].
+
+"Sheep" referred to individuals who were confident about the possible reality of ESP and PK, while "goats" referred to those who doubted the existence of any so-called anomalous mental phenomena. This explicit difference between believers and disbelievers has existed in the upper echelons of the U.S. military and intelligence communities since [[World War II]][^1].
+
+Schmeidler's work is referenced by skeptics like [[Martin Gardner]], who noted that psychic researchers often claimed that psychics were negatively impacted by the presence of "goats" (nonbelievers). [[J. B. Rhine]], for example, stated that "The subtlest influences seem to disturb the operation of these [psychic] abilities... If the scientist is a disbeliever it will upset the delicate operation of the subject’s [psychic] abilities"[^1].
+
+[[Ingo Swann]] also conducted [[Psychokinesis|psychokinesis]] experiments for Gertrude Schmeidler at the [[City College of New York]], which he referenced when communicating with [[Hal Puthoff]] about investigating the boundary between the physics of the animate and inanimate[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[[Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela]] was a prominent leader of the [[Cali Drug Cartel]], a powerful Colombian drug trafficking organization that, by 1994, was estimated to control 80% of the world's cocaine trade. He was often referred to simply as "Gilberto" in the context of investigations into the cartel's activities.[1]
+
+Rodriguez Orejuela's influence extended beyond drug trafficking into financial and political spheres. He reportedly owned the Northside Bank of Miami, which was used to launder the cartel's substantial profits. His political reach was highlighted by allegations that [[Ernesto Samper Pizano]], the newly elected president of [[Colombia]], accepted $3.7 million in campaign funds from Rodriguez, effectively aligning the president with the drug lords.[1]
+
+He was a significant target of a major [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] Centac investigation, which led to his indictment in Los Angeles and New York in 1978. However, these cases reportedly did not progress beyond the indictment phase, and the Centac 21 task force was dismantled during the [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[George Bush]] administrations. This lack of sustained prosecution led to suspicions among disgruntled [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] agents of a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] connection.[1]
+
+Rodriguez Orejuela's name was also linked to a "cocaine summit conference" in Panama City in the early 1980s, where he appeared as a delegation leader. Despite his prominent role, his name was later removed from [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] reports under the Reagan administration.[1]
+
+His activities became a critical focus of investigative journalist [[Danny Casolaro]]'s "[[The Octopus]]" probe. Casolaro had uncovered a connection between Rodriguez Orejuela, [[Michael Abbell]] (a former [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] official), and [[Robert Booth Nichols]] (an international intelligence operative) shortly before his death. [[Michael Riconosciuto]] claimed that Nichols paid Abbell to "crowbar" the extradition of Rodriguez Orejuela and [[Jose Santacruz Londono|Jose Londono]], as they were considered "intelligence people."[1]
+
+Rodriguez Orejuela was prosecuted and served a prison term following an indictment unsealed in Miami on June 6, 1995, for laundering money for the Cali Cartel. Surveillance reports indicated his frequent visits to his home in Bogota, Colombia.[1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+[1] Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Glen R. Shockley.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[[Glen R. Shockley]] was a Director of [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]] and a consultant to Fortune 500 Companies in business management, internationally known as a financial consultant in funding. He was also a corporate partner in [[Meridian International Logistics|MIL]], a holding company headed by [[Robert Booth Nichols]].[^1]
+
+Shockley's name appeared in [[Michael Riconosciuto]]'s statement to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], where Riconosciuto claimed that [[Robert Booth Nichols]] "runs [[Glen R. Shockley]]. [[Glen R. Shockley]] runs [[Jose Santacruz Londono|Jose Londono]]" and that Nichols, [[Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela|Gilbert Rodriguez]], and [[Michael Abbell]] were "all in bed together." Riconosciuto further alleged that Nichols handed Abbell $50,000 cash to handle an internal affairs investigation by the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] that would have led to the extradition of [[Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela|Gilbert]] and [[Jose Santacruz Londono|Miguel Rodriguez]] and [[Jose Santacruz Londono|Jose Londono]], because they were "intelligence people."[^1]
+
+His involvement with [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]] and [[Meridian International Logistics|MIL]] places him within the complex network investigated by [[Danny Casolaro]] as "[[The Octopus]]."[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Grigori Rasputin.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-23
+updated: 2025-07-23
+title: Grigori Rasputin
+tags:
+  - person
+  - historical
+  - mystic
+  - Russia
+---
+
+Grigori Rasputin was a Russian mystic and self-proclaimed holy man who exerted significant influence over the late Russian Imperial family. In the context of [[Soviet Union|Soviet Russia]], his story served as a cautionary tale, framing all twentieth-century forays into the mystical, magical, or supernatural[^1].
+
+In 1910, [[Czar Nicholas II]] brought Rasputin into his court after Rasputin allegedly stopped the bleeding in the czar's hemophiliac son. From that point, Rasputin began advising the czar on matters of state, including battle plans during [[World War I]]. His ability to survive multiple assassination attempts contributed to his mythical status, but he was eventually killed by a group of conspirators who poisoned, shot, and drowned him in the icy Neva River[^1].
+
+After the [[Communist Revolution of 1917]], healers and sorcerers were outlawed by the new ruling party, and research into [[Extrasensory Perception|extrasensory perception]] went underground. Marxist doctrine considered mysticism, like religion, an "opiate of the masses," favoring science and technology as productive forces[^1]. This historical context of suppressing mystical beliefs, exemplified by Rasputin's story, is important for understanding the later Soviet approach to [[Parapsychology]] research, which sought to frame it within a scientific and technological framework[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Hal Puthoff.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Hal Puthoff
+tags:
+  - person
+  - scientist
+  - physicist
+description: Hal Puthoff is a physicist who led the remote viewing research program at SRI. He was a key figure in the scientific investigation of psychic phenomena.
+---
+Harold E. "Hal" Puthoff is an American engineer and parapsychologist. In the early 1950s, as a junior high school student in Miami, he was a shy and quiet kid who loved tinkering with electronics, building gadgets, and operating a ham radio. He played the electric steel Hawaiian guitar in a band and dreamed of becoming a radio deejay. His father had passed away, and he lived with his mother and aunt, with limited financial resources. He attended a vocational high school.[^1]
+
+Two decades later, Puthoff earned a Ph.D. from Stanford University and became a lecturer in its electrical engineering department. He held a patent for a tunable infrared laser and co-authored an influential textbook, *Fundamentals of Quantum Electronics*. By his early thirties, he was a recognized figure in laser physics and engineering. Despite his technical prowess, he had a creative and energetic reputation, but also a quiet concern for deeper meanings, having explored Gestalt psychology and visited the Esalen Institute. He became bored with academia and his first marriage was failing. In 1969, Puthoff left Stanford and joined [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI), a scientific think tank with close ties to Stanford and significant government contracts. Initially working on laser-related projects, he soon developed an interest in conducting psi experiments to explore quantum theory. He secured initial funding of ten thousand dollars from philanthropist Bill Church, co-owner of Church's Fried Chicken.[^1]
+
+Puthoff's involvement in psi research escalated after he was contacted by artist [[Ingo Swann]], who claimed various psychic feats. In June 1972, Puthoff tested Swann at Stanford University's Varian Hall, where Swann appeared to affect the output of a highly sensitive experimental magnetometer designed to detect quarks. This event, though initially met with skepticism by others, convinced Puthoff that something paranormal had occurred. He circulated a report on the incident, which led to the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) approaching him to fund further research. In October 1972, with CIA funding, Puthoff began formal psi research at SRI, focusing on clairvoyance. He and his newly hired assistant, [[Russell Targ]], worked with Swann on various experiments, including those involving locked boxes and radioactive sources. Swann's suggestion to use geographical coordinates for remote viewing, initially met with skepticism from Puthoff and Targ, proved to be a breakthrough. This method, which Swann called "Scanate" (later known as Coordinate Remote Viewing or CRV), allowed psychics to describe distant locations given only their latitude and longitude, without prior knowledge of the target. This innovation significantly advanced the practical application of remote viewing for intelligence gathering.[^1]
+
+Puthoff became a central figure in the U.S. government's psychic spying program, which eventually became known as [[STARGATE PROJECT|Grill Flame]]. He and Targ published their findings in reputable scientific journals like *Nature* and *Proceedings of the IEEE*, despite significant controversy and skepticism from the scientific community. They also developed new terminology, such as "remote viewing," to describe the phenomena they were studying, aiming for a more scientific and sober approach. Puthoff was known for his calm demeanor, which helped him navigate the controversial field of parapsychology. He also conducted experiments with other psychics, including [[Pat Price]] and [[Uri Geller]], and explored various psi phenomena such as psychokinesis and telepathy. He was instrumental in developing and refining remote viewing protocols, including "outbound remote viewing" and "coordinate remote viewing" (CRV).[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Harry H. Schwartz.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Government Official
+  - USA
+---
+Harry H. Schwartz was an aide to [[Paul C. Warnke]], the assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs. He was present at a meeting where Warnke directly questioned [[Yitzhak Rabin]], then [[Israel]]'s ambassador to [[Washington D.C.]], about [[Israel]]'s nuclear capabilities. Schwartz recalled Warnke stating, "Mr. Ambassador, we are shocked at the manner in which you are dealing with us.… You, our close ally, are building nuclear bombs in [[Israel]] behind our back."[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 14.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Harry Soyster.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Harry Soyster
+tags:
+  - person
+  - military
+  - general
+  - intelligence
+description: Major General Harry Soyster was the INSCOM commander who ended the U.S. Army's participation in the Stargate Project.
+---
+
+Major General [[Harry Soyster]] was the [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]] commander who ultimately ended the [[U.S. Army]]'s participation in the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Stargate Project]]. His decision marked a significant turning point for the program, leading to its eventual transfer and later declassification.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Harry Stump.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Harry Stump
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Channeler
+  - Psychic
+  - Artist
+---
+# Harry Stump
+
+Harry Stump was a Dutch sculptor and channeler who gained the attention of [[Andrija Puharich]] and his wealthy benefactors due to his purported psychic abilities, particularly his capacity to enter trance states and produce automatic writings and drawings[^1].
+
+Stump was a [[World War II]] resistance fighter in his native Holland, honored by the Dutch government for his work against the [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]]. He was captured, beaten, and tortured by the [[Gestapo]] during the war[^1].
+
+Puharich met Stump at a dinner party hosted by [[Alice Astor Bouverie]]. In June 1954, Bouverie contacted Puharich about an incident where Stump, after handling a 3,400-year-old scarab-shaped necklace, entered a trance state and began drawing Egyptian hieroglyphs and speaking in a guttural voice, seemingly channeling an entity from ancient Egypt. During this trance, Stump spoke of "a drug that would stimulate one's psychic faculties" and drew a picture of a mushroom, which Puharich later identified as *Amanita muscaria*[^1]. This event was significant as it provided the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] with a key lead in their year-long, unsuccessful quest to locate the *teonanáctl* mushroom for [[Project MKUltra|MKULTRA Subproject 58]][^1].
+
+Puharich became obsessed with Stump's channeling abilities and the hallucinogenic mushroom. He brought Stump to the [[Round Table Foundation]] and, in August 1955, attempted to drug him with *teonanáctl* to test its divinatory powers, with [[Aldous Huxley]] as a witness. The experiment did not yield the desired results, with Stump appearing drunk and confused[^1].
+
+Stump's psychic powers began to wane, and the "Egyptian persona" rarely appeared. He became depressed as his trance powers vanished, and his traditional sculpture and painting work suffered[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Hedrick Smith.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Journalist
+  - USA
+---
+Hedrick Smith was a Washington correspondent for the *New York Times*. In July 1970, he wrote a front-page story that provided the American public with its first account of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s assessment of the Israeli nuclear arsenal. The article stated that the U.S. government had been conducting its [[Middle East]] policy on the assumption that [[Israel]] either possessed an atomic bomb or had component parts available for quick assembly. Smith's story also described [[Israel]]'s progress in developing its [[Jericho I]] missile system and revealed a manufacturing plant near [[Tel Aviv]] for solid propellants and engines.[^1]
+
+Smith had tried for two years to get the article published, and succeeded after [[Stuart Symington]] acknowledged on a Sunday television interview show that there was "no question that [[Israel]] is doing its best to develop nuclear weapons." Despite the significance of the article, it attracted little attention from other media or Congress, which astonished Smith.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 16.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Herbert Pollack.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Herbert Pollack
+  - Dr. Herbert Pollack
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Physician
+  - Government Official
+  - Scientist
+---
+Herbert Pollack was a medical consultant for the [[State Department]]. He advocated on behalf of the victims of the [[Moscow Signal]] in a Senate subcommittee investigation. The Moscow Signal was a microwave beam aimed at the [[U.S. Embassy in Moscow]] by the [[Soviet Union]], which was believed to have caused adverse health effects in embassy personnel[^1].
+
+Pollack stated that every lawsuit filed by U.S. embassy employees against the government for exposure to the Moscow Signal was eventually withdrawn, "without a penny being paid." This occurred despite concerns raised by some scientists, like [[Robert O. Becker]] and [[Allan H. Frey]], about the potential lethality of the microwave signals[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Howard Rosenberg.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Howard Rosenberg
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Journalist
+---
+Howard Rosenberg was a staff member for *60 Minutes*, a prominent American television newsmagazine. He interviewed [[David Morehouse]] at [[Walter Reed Army Medical Center]] in Washington, D.C., in June 1994[^1].
+
+Morehouse, a former member of the [[Remote Viewing]] unit, was preparing to do an interview with *60 Minutes* in which he would claim that the [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]]'s remote-viewing program at [[Fort Meade]] had made him crazy. Rosenberg's interview was part of the newsmagazine's investigation into the program[^1].
+
+However, *60 Minutes* ultimately decided not to air the show because the [[STARGATE PROJECT|DIA]] remote-viewing program was still classified, and Rosenberg could not find other sources to corroborate that the program even existed. Rosenberg later recalled that "No one would talk about it on the record... and the principal promoter of the story [David Morehouse], and of the program, was of questionable credibility and seemed to me to have multiple agendas"[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Hélène Smith.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-23
+updated: 2025-07-23
+title: Hélène Smith
+tags:
+  - person
+  - medium
+  - historical
+description: Hélène Smith was a famous French medium studied by Théodore Flournoy, known for her claims of automatic writing and psychic travel to Mars.
+---
+
+[[Hélène Smith]] was a famous French medium, whose real name was Catherine-Elise Müller. She was extensively studied by the Swiss psychology professor [[Théodore Flournoy]] from 1894 to 1898. Smith was known for her claims of automatic writing, where she would produce texts in various languages, and for her alleged psychic travel to Mars, whose landscapes she painted and whose language she claimed to speak and write.[^1]
+
+Flournoy attributed her abilities to [[Cryptomnesia]] and [[Glossolalia]], arguing that the content she produced originated from forgotten memories and unconscious processes rather than genuine psychic phenomena. Despite this, her case was highly influential in the early study of psychical research.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/I. I. Rabi.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Scientist
+  - Physicist
+  - USA
+---
+I. I. Rabi was an American physicist and Nobel laureate. He, along with [[Eugene Wigner]], was asked by the Israelis to visit the still-incomplete reactor at [[Dimona]] sometime early in 1961. They reported seeing no evidence of a weapons facility, and President [[John F. Kennedy]] expressed satisfaction with their conviction that the reactor was designed for peaceful purposes.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 8.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ian Smart.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Diplomat
+  - UK
+---
+Ian Smart was a young British diplomat who served as third secretary of the British embassy in [[Tel Aviv]] in the late 1950s. He later became an international expert in nonproliferation. During his time in [[Israel]], he became curious and suspicious about the activities at [[Dimona]]. By the end of 1960, he was reporting his "suspicion" that the site looked like a nuclear reactor, prompted by its visible progress and the palpable French presence in [[Beersheba]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 5.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ian Stuart Spiro.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[Ian Stuart Spiro]] was a figure whose death was linked to a spy network and the [[Iran-Contra Affair]]. He was found dead of cyanide poisoning in the Anza-Borrego desert on November 8, 1992, one week after his wife and children were found shot to death in their Rancho Santa Fe home. His death was officially ruled a suicide, and the San Diego Sheriff's Department reportedly destroyed his files when the case was closed, stating he had no connection to the [[PROMIS]] software.[^1]
+
+However, news reports, specifically from the *Oceanside Blade-Citizen*, noted that documents and [[United States Government|U.S.]] intelligence sources implicated Spiro in the [[Iran-Contra Affair]] and an alleged [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] conspiracy to pirate software from a private company and sell it to foreign intelligence agencies. Spiro's name also appeared in [[Oliver North]]'s personal notebooks documenting the [[Iran-Contra Affair]], according to the [[National Security Archives]] in Washington D.C.[^1]
+
+Former hostage [[David Jacobsen]] stated that Spiro helped negotiate the release of hostages in the Middle East. Spiro lived in Beirut, [[Lebanon]], during the 1970s and 1980s, where he made contacts with Lebanese religious leaders and the Islamic Jihad. His brother-in-law, [[Greg Quarton]], confirmed that Spiro maintained communication with Lebanese business associates until his death.[^1]
+
+[[Michael Riconosciuto]] claimed that [[Marshall Riconosciuto]] (Michael's father) shipped documents to [[Ian Stuart Spiro]] for safekeeping. The week of the Spiro family's death, [[Robert Corson]], a business associate of Spiro's indicted in a savings and loan scam and reportedly a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] operative, was found dead in an El Paso, Texas, motel room, with officials stating he died of a heart attack. Corson was also alleged to have associated with California investor [[Wayne Reeder]], who was seen at a [[Wackenhut Corporation]]/[[Contras|Contra]] meeting in Riverside County.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ignacio Paz.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[[Ignacio Paz]] was the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence in the Philippine government. [[Robert Booth Nichols]] assisted Paz in removing large sums of money from the [[Philippines]] by investing with Nichols, who placed the money in Swiss bank accounts.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ingo Swann.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Ingo Swann
+tags:
+  - person
+  - psychic
+  - artist
+  - author
+description: Ingo Swann was a psychic, artist, and author who was instrumental in the development of remote viewing protocols at SRI. He is credited with coining the term "remote viewing."
+---
+Ingo Douglas Swann—born with just one N—was not far from the stereotypical image of the psychic. Growing up in Telluride, Colorado, he claimed to have out-of-body experiences and premonitions, to see people's auras, and to encounter supernatural beings. He was left-handed, intuitive, artistic, emotionally sensitive, curious about the unusual, and bored by the usual. He was considered odd and had few friends at school, later describing himself as "doubly, triply, quadruply freaky."[^1]
+
+After college, he joined the Army, serving in Korea and later at a Nike missile base outside Boston. After leaving the Army, Swann, then using the name "Douglas Swan," moved to Greenwich Village, New York City, to pursue a career as an artist. He worked for the UN for several years and wrote pulp fiction. By 1971, he had adopted his first name, Ingo, added a second 'n' to his surname on the advice of a numerologist, and discovered his unusual psychic talents. He began earning a living as a subject in parapsychology laboratories, including the City College of New York and the [[American Society for Psychical Research]].[^1]
+
+He contacted [[Hal Puthoff]] at [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI) in 1972, claiming to have the ability to remotely alter the temperature of objects and to have out-of-body experiences.[^1]
+
+Puthoff flew Swann out to SRI, where he was subjected to a number of experiments. One of the most notable was an attempt to affect a heavily shielded magnetometer at Stanford University. The magnetometer's output showed significant disturbances that correlated with Swann's efforts. However, his initial psi abilities at SRI seemed feeble, leading to depression and disagreements with Puthoff and [[Russell Targ]]. He disliked Targ's ESP teaching machine, viewing it as a remnant of old-time parapsychology.[^1]
+
+Swann was a key figure in the development of the remote viewing protocols at SRI. He was the one who proposed using geographic coordinates to target remote viewing sessions, a technique that became known as "coordinate remote viewing" (CRV) or "Scanate." This breakthrough, which came to him as an intuition, allowed psychics to describe distant locations given only their latitude and longitude, without prior knowledge of the target. He also coined the term "remote viewing" itself. He was a creative and insightful theorist of the psychic experience, and he was constantly pushing the boundaries of what was thought possible, even attempting to remote-view Mars, Jupiter, and Mercury in advance of space probes.[^1]
+
+Swann was a complex and sometimes difficult personality. He was known for his artistic temperament and his strong opinions. He clashed with [[Russell Targ]] over the use of an ESP teaching machine and often threatened to leave the program. He also had a rivalry with [[Pat Price]], another gifted psychic at SRI. Swann was a proud and sensitive man, and he was not afraid to speak his mind, even if it meant alienating his colleagues. He believed his ego was more fragile and his demeanor more pedantic compared to Price. He often left SRI for short periods to pursue other projects or to signal his annoyance.[^1]
+
+Despite the personality conflicts, Swann's contributions to the remote viewing program were undeniable. He was a gifted psychic who was able to produce remarkable results in controlled experiments. He was also a creative thinker who helped to shape the development of remote viewing into a practical intelligence-gathering tool. He was a true pioneer in the field of psychic research, and his work helped to lay the foundation for all that would follow. His contract at SRI ended in mid-August 1973, and he vowed never to return, feeling that he had been overshadowed by Pat Price despite his significant contributions.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/J. B. Rhine.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-23
+updated: 2025-07-23
+title: J. B. Rhine
+tags:
+  - person
+  - parapsychologist
+  - researcher
+  - Scientist
+---
+Joseph Banks Rhine, known as J. B. Rhine (1895–1980), was an American botanist who founded the parapsychology lab at [[Duke University]]. He is considered one of the fathers of modern [[Parapsychology|parapsychology]][^1].
+
+Rhine sought to bring scientific rigor to the study of psychic phenomena, moving away from the theatricality of séance mediums and focusing on controlled experiments with quantifiable results. His work at the [[Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory]] in the 1930s and 1940s, which involved card-guessing and dice-throwing tests, helped to establish parapsychology as an academic discipline[^1]. He first popularized [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] in the 1920s, and his work became so fashionable that by the 1940s, it was included in the Psychology 101 course at [[Harvard University]][^1].
+
+However, Rhine's research faced significant criticism from skeptics like [[Martin Gardner]], who, in his 1952 book *Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science*, dedicated a chapter to debunking Rhine's work, concluding it was the product of "an enormous self-deception"[^1]. Gardner criticized Rhine's research for loose laboratory controls, skewing of data, and the premise that the attitude of the scientist could negatively influence the subject or psychic. Rhine himself stated that "The subtlest influences seem to disturb the operation of these [psychic] abilities... If the scientist is a disbeliever it will upset the delicate operation of the subject’s [psychic] abilities"[^1].
+
+Despite public skepticism, Rhine was involved in numerous classified ESP research programs with the [[Department of Defense]]. In 1952, the [[U.S. Army]] initiated a secret program with Rhine's laboratory involving ESP and animals, exploring whether dogs could locate land mines underwater and studying the homing phenomenon in pigeons. He also conducted experiments to determine if humans could communicate telepathically with cats[^1].
+
+In 1974, one of Rhine's assistants, [[Walter Levy]], was caught cheating in an experiment involving rats, which became a scandal and fodder for skeptics[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/J. Robert Oppenheimer.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Scientist
+  - Nuclear
+  - USA
+---
+J. Robert Oppenheimer was a prominent American theoretical physicist, widely known as the "father of the atomic bomb" for his role as the scientific director of the [[Manhattan Project]] during World War II. He and his colleagues, including [[John von Neumann]], were actively courted by [[Chaim Weizmann]] as early as 1947 to spend time doing research in [[Israel]].[^1]
+
+Oppenheimer's personal papers indicate he visited [[Israel]] in May 1958 to participate in ceremonies marking the opening of the Institute of Nuclear Science in [[Rehovot]]. He also took a military flight with [[Ernst David Bergmann]] and [[Shimon Peres]] to visit the port city of [[Eilat]] at the southern reach of the [[Negev]] desert. However, Israeli officials who worked at [[Dimona]] in 1958, then in its early stages of construction, do not recall any visit by Oppenheimer to that site.[^1]
+
+Oppenheimer sparked controversy in the early 1950s by advocating that the [[United States]] abate the arms race by forgoing the hydrogen bomb. In 1954, [[Lewis Strauss]] led a successful effort to strip Oppenheimer of his security clearance, with hearings focusing on Oppenheimer's loyalty and integrity.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 2, 7.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jack P. Ruina.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Scientist
+  - Academic
+  - USA
+---
+Jack P. Ruina was a professor of electrical engineering at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] and a longtime consultant to the [[Pentagon]] on military and scientific issues. He was chosen by [[Frank Press]] to direct an outside panel to study the [[VELA Satellite]] data after a probable nuclear explosion was detected on September 22, 1979. Ruina held many sensitive clearances and was known for his discretion.[^1]
+
+His panel's assignment was carefully weighted towards investigating the possibility that the VELA sighting had been a false alarm. The panel concluded that the VELA sighting "contains sufficient internal inconsistency to cast serious doubt whether that signal originated from a nuclear explosion or in fact from any light sources in the proximity of the VELA satellite." They also found no collateral signs of a nuclear event. The panel eventually reported in July 1980 that the flash was "probably not from a nuclear explosion," suggesting it might have been a "zoo event" (a signal of unknown cause), possibly a meteoroid impact.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 20.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jack Rugh.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+aliases: []
+tags:
+  - Person
+---
+Jack Rugh was a figure in the [[PROMIS Software Scandal]], primarily involved in the administration of the [[Inslaw Corporation|Inslaw]] contract with the [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]]. He served as [[C. Madison Brewer]]'s deputy and as the contracting officer's Technical Representative, working closely with [[Peter Videnieks]].
+
+Rugh played a role in the DOJ's response to Inslaw's proposed methodology for identifying proprietary enhancements in the [[PROMIS]] software. He considered Inslaw's methodology inadequate, particularly objecting to the part that would count privately funded hours first, believing the issue was whether actual hours were billed to a private client. He also thought [[INSLAW]] did not keep sufficient records to prove private funding. Rugh, along with Videnieks, chose neither to accept Inslaw's methodology nor to propose revisions or an acceptable alternative, and did not inform Inslaw why its methodology was unacceptable. The Special Counsel's investigation concluded that Rugh's actions were driven by a desire to protect the government's interests and not by an intent to cheat Inslaw, attributing his conduct to the atmosphere of distrust surrounding the contract's administration.[^1]
+
+Rugh was also involved in the allegations surrounding the attempted conversion of Inslaw's bankruptcy to a liquidation. In February 1985, shortly after Inslaw filed for bankruptcy, Rugh had a telephone conversation with Peter Videnieks, during which Videnieks made a note that read: "2/20/85 JR called re/•our computer.' Brick talked to Stanton . •no way• 11 will be '7.' Need home for computer." Rugh testified that he did not remember the conversation but that the note accurately reflected his pessimistic view of Inslaw's prospects, believing it would end up in liquidation. He might have told [[Gregory McKain]], an Inslaw employee, that the DOJ had talked to the "Trustees" who said Inslaw would not survive Chapter 11 and would likely be in Chapter 7 within 30 to 60 days. However, Rugh claimed this was his personal opinion and not based on any statement from the Trustee's Office. The Special Counsel's investigation found that the interpretation of Videnieks' notes by Rugh and Videnieks was reasonable and consistent with other evidence, suggesting Rugh was expressing his own opinion rather than relaying a confirmed plan for conversion. The investigation found insufficient evidence to support a finding that the DOJ planned or attempted to convert Inslaw's bankruptcy case or engaged in any cover-up.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993. (Hereafter, "Bua Report")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jake Stewart.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Jake Stewart
+tags:
+  - person
+  - military
+  - intelligence
+description: Jake Stewart was a Navy lieutenant commander on the National Security Council staff and an enthusiastic supporter of the Grill Flame program.
+---
+
+[[Jake Stewart]] was a Navy lieutenant commander on the [[National Security Council|National Security Council]] staff during the [[Jimmy Carter]] administration. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Grill Flame]] program and played a key role in tasking remote viewers with sensitive intelligence problems.[^1]
+
+In September 1979, Stewart brought [[Hal Puthoff]] and [[Frederick Atwater|Skip Atwater]] satellite photographs of a large industrial facility at the port of Severodvinsk in northern [[Soviet Union|Russia]]. He tasked the remote viewers, particularly [[Joe McMoneagle]], to determine what was happening inside Building 402, a massive structure at the facility. McMoneagle's remote viewing sessions accurately described a very large submarine under construction, including its unique features and even the method of its launch. This information, later confirmed by satellite photos, sparked a lively debate within the NSC about the value of remote viewing, with Stewart being a strong believer in its utility as a national asset.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/James R. Schlesinger.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Government Official
+  - USA
+---
+James R. Schlesinger served as the Secretary of Defense under President [[Richard M. Nixon]] and later President [[Gerald R. Ford]]. During the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]], [[Henry A. Kissinger]] told Schlesinger that his goal was to "let [[Israel]] come out ahead, but bleed." Schlesinger noted that [[Israel]]'s ammunition consumption rate was gauged for a seven-day war, reflecting [[Washington D.C.]]'s confidence in the Israeli military. However, Kissinger's sudden and massive push for resupply led Schlesinger to conclude that Israeli use of a nuclear weapon was not out of the question, and that there was an assumption that [[Israel]] had a few nukes and might use them if there was a collapse.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 17.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/James Randi.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - James Randi
+  - The Amazing Randi
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Magician
+  - Skeptic
+---
+James Randi (1928–2020), known as "The Amazing Randi," was a Canadian-American stage magician, escape artist, and a prominent scientific skeptic. He dedicated much of his life to investigating and debunking paranormal and pseudoscientific claims, often challenging individuals who claimed to possess supernatural abilities[^1].
+
+Randi became a vocal critic of [[Uri Geller]], stating, "Geller brings disgrace to the craft I practice... Worse than that, he warps the thinking of a young generation of forming minds. And that is unforgivable." He spent two years writing a 308-page exposé of Geller, arguing that Geller's actions had "done more to destroy what authority [[Andrija Puharich]] once held in the scientific community"[^1]. Randi speculated that Geller's assistant, [[Shimshon Shtrang]], helped him cheat, leading the [[CIA]] to deny Shtrang access to Geller during experiments[^1].
+
+Along with [[Martin Gardner]] and [[Ray Hyman]], Randi helped found the [[Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal]] (CSICOP) to promote scientific inquiry and combat pseudoscience[^1].
+
+In January 1983, Randi orchestrated a hoax against the McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research at Washington University, sending two young magicians, Steven Shaw and Michael Edwards, to pretend to be psychics. They used sleight of hand to simulate [[Psychokinesis|psychokinetic]] feats like spoon bending. Randi later held a press conference to expose the hoax, generating significant negative press for the parapsychology community[^1].
+
+Randi's actions, while aimed at exposing fraud, sometimes led to controversy. He was involved in libel cases brought by Uri Geller, and his campaign against Geller ultimately cost him his position on CSICOP[^1].
+
+In 2011, Randi was involved in a scandal when it was revealed that his Carlos-the-channeler hoax, which involved a young man named Jose Alvarez (Deyvi Orangel Peña Arteaga) pretending to be a channeler, constituted a federal crime due to identity theft and false statements on a passport application. Despite this, Randi continued to maintain his stance against the paranormal[^1].
+
+## Publications
+*   *The Magic of Uri Geller* (1975)
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Janice Rand.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Janice Rand
+tags:
+  - person
+  - military
+  - psychic
+description: Janice Rand was an Army captain who worked in one of the INSCOM offices at Fort Meade and was an early member of the Stargate Project's remote viewing unit.
+---
+
+[[Janice Rand]] was an Army captain who worked in one of the [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]] offices at [[Fort Meade]]. She was among the initial group of ten or eleven candidates selected by [[Frederick Atwater|Skip Atwater]] and [[Murray Watt|Scotty Watt]] for the experimental [[STARGATE PROJECT|Gondola Wish]] (later [[STARGATE PROJECT|Grill Flame]]) remote viewing unit.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Janis Sposato.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+aliases: []
+tags:
+  - Person
+---
+Janis Sposato was an Administrative Officer at the [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]]. [[Inslaw Corporation|Inslaw]] inferred from an alleged statement by Sposato that "My management upstairs is unwilling to allow me to make any more concessions" regarding a computer time-sharing billing dispute in 1985, that she was referring to [[Lowell Jensen]] and that he was conspiring to ruin Inslaw and steal [[PROMIS]] software. This inference was based on the floor plan of the main Justice Department building, where Sposato's office was on the first floor, making nearly all senior management "upstairs" from her location. Inslaw believed that Sposato was alluding to Deputy Attorney General Lowell Jensen's unwillingness to permit a resolution on the merits of the Fiscal Year 1983 computer time-sharing issue, seeing it as DOJ's main "fig leaf" for wrongfully withholding payments under the contract.[^1]
+
+However, when interviewed by the Special Counsel, Ms. Sposato stated that she does not recall ever making the statement [[INSLAW]] attributed to her and that it does not sound like something she would say. She further stated that she never received any direct instruction on the negotiations from Judge Jensen. She occasionally dealt with Associate Deputy Attorney General Jay Stephens, and it was her impression that every time Mr. Stephens contacted her regarding Inslaw, it was in response to a request from Inslaw. She believed that [[Bill Hamilton]] would get frustrated and ask his attorney, former Attorney General [[Elliot Richardson]], to contact Judge Jensen, and Mr. Stephens would then inform her of such contacts. Ms. Sposato stated that neither Mr. Stephens nor Judge Jensen ever tried to directly influence the negotiations; rather, it was her impression that they were trying to stay away from the discussions. The Special Counsel's investigation found no credible evidence to support Inslaw's inferences regarding Sposato's statement or Jensen's involvement in a conspiracy.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993. (Hereafter, "Bua Report")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jeffrey Steinberg.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[[Jeffrey Steinberg]] was a writer for *Executive Intelligence Review*. He conducted an interview with [[Allan Boyak]], an attorney representing [[Michael Riconosciuto]], and documented the conversation in a "Memorandum for the File" dated June 25, 1991. This memorandum detailed Boyak's personal background, his work for the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] and [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]], and his insights into [[Robert Booth Nichols]]' alleged involvement in large-scale illegal drug operations and money laundering.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jim Nichols.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[[Jim Nichols]] was a classmate of [[Allan Boyak]] in law school. He told Boyak that he had a brother, [[Robert Booth Nichols]], who was heavily involved in organized crime and had been disowned by his family. Information about [[Robert Booth Nichols]]' background profile was reportedly provided by his estranged brother, Jim Nichols.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jim Salyer.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Jim Salyer
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - DIA
+  - Analyst
+---
+Jim Salyer was a deputy to [[Dale Graff]] at the [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]]. He raised significant concerns about the operational structure and effectiveness of the [[Remote Viewing]] unit at [[Fort Meade]], particularly regarding the lack of scientific understanding and experience within the Army group[^1].
+
+In his "Secret Working Papers," Salyer outlined "existing problems" at Fort Meade, stating that "Whereas the [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]] group is managed by scientists with extensive experience in understanding and researching [[Psi]] phenomena, the Army group has no one associated with it who has any understanding of psi phenomena or experience in researching or utilizing remote viewing." He criticized the unit as being composed of "amateurs, led by another amateur, and being trained by yet another amateur," which he believed explained the lack of astounding results[^1].
+
+Salyer's damning assessment led to a critical review of the program and eventually resulted in the DIA gaining control of the Fort Meade personnel. He also believed that his concerns about the lack of scientific rigor allowed problems such as [[Ed Dames]]'s anomaly targeting to exist[^1].
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Joan Quigley.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+aliases:
+  - Joan Quigley
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Astrologer
+---
+Joan Quigley was a San Francisco socialite and astrologer who advised President [[Ronald Reagan]] during his tenure at the [[White House]]. Her role was revealed in May 1988 by [[Donald T. Regan]], former White House chief of staff, and confirmed by press secretary [[Marlin Fitzwater]][^1].
+
+Regan stated that "Virtually every major move and decision the Reagans made during my time as White House chief of staff was cleared by a woman in San Francisco who drew up horoscopes to make certain that the planets were in favorable alignment for the enterprise." Quigley became the subject of considerable public interest following this revelation[^1].
+
+In her memoir, *What Does Joan Say?*, Quigley wrote, "Not since the days of the Roman emperors—and never in the history of the [[United States]] Presidency—has an astrologer played such a significant role in the nation’s affairs of State"[^1].
+
+## Publications
+*   *What Does Joan Say?* (1990)
+
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jody Powell.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Government Official
+  - USA
+---
+Jody Powell was President [[Jimmy Carter]]'s press secretary. In October 1977, he publicly announced that "four years of continuing investigation" by the [[Atomic Energy Commission|AEC]], [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], and General Accounting Office had "failed to reveal" a diversion of uranium to [[Israel]] from [[Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation|NUMEC]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 18.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Joe Peeples.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Business
+  - Fraud
+---
+[[Joe Peeples]] was a Texan businessman who, along with [[Yaacov Meridor]] and a Romanian expatriate, devised a scheme to sell a theoretically feasible but practically impossible solar energy system to the [[Hunt brothers]] of [[Texas]] for $2 million. Peeples was unable to return the $2 million to the Hunts and was subsequently jailed for fraud.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/John Newcomer.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[[John Newcomer]] was the new head of the Organized Crime Strike Force in Los Angeles. He advised [[Marvin Rudnick]] that Rudnick was under investigation by the Office of Professional Responsibility for including [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] in his investigation of [[Sal Pisello]].[^1]
+
+[[William Hundley]], retained by [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]], discussed the Pisello case with Newcomer and inquired about [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]]'s status in the investigation. Newcomer responded to [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] that the allegations against Rudnick were a cause of great concern and that steps were being taken to ensure only factually accurate statements appeared in pleadings and oral arguments. He concluded by stating that neither [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] nor its executives or employees were targets of that case and its attendant investigation.[^1]
+
+[[Marvin Rudnick]] believed that Newcomer came into the Strike Force with an agenda to obstruct justice. The first draft of [[Richard Stavin]]'s prosecution memorandum was given to Newcomer, and Stavin's investigation was unofficially shut down around January 1989. No indictment was ever issued against [[John St. John]], [[Eugene Giaquinto]], or [[Martin Bacow]] for obstruction of justice, with the prosecution reportedly not going forward because no one at the [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]] in Washington D.C. wanted all the wiretap affidavits in the case to be released.[^1]
+
+---
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/John Otto.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+aliases: []
+tags:
+  - Person
+---
+John Otto was the former Acting Director of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]. He was mentioned in the context of the [[PROMIS Software Scandal]] due to [[Inslaw Corporation|Inslaw]]'s allegations regarding the FBI's Field Office Information Management System ([[FOIMS]]).
+
+Inslaw claimed that an unnamed "senior career Justice Department official" told Inslaw that John Otto had admitted to him that FOIMS was actually [[PROMIS]]. However, Otto denied making such a statement, telling investigators that he was "computer illiterate" and had insufficient technical knowledge to discuss such a subject. The Special Counsel's investigation found no credible evidence to support Inslaw's allegation, concluding that FOIMS was not PROMIS or any derivative of PROMIS and was developed independently by the FBI. The unnamed source who allegedly heard Otto make the admission never came forward despite repeated requests from the Special Counsel's office.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993. (Hereafter, "Bua Report")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/John Paul Nichols.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[John Paul Nichols]] was the son of [[Dr. John Philip Nichols]]. He took over his father's position as acting administrator of the [[Cabazon Band of Mission Indians|Cabazon tribe]] when [[Dr. John Philip Nichols]] was incarcerated. In 1989, [[Mark Nichols]] inherited the position of administrator from John Paul Nichols.[^1]
+
+John Paul Nichols was the "Project Manager" for the [[Cabazon Indian Reservation|Cabazon]]/[[Wackenhut Corporation]] Joint Venture, also known as Cabazon Arms. On April 4, 1983, he wrote a letter to the Army Discharge Review Board asking for [[Jimmy Hughes]]' military record, as Hughes required security clearances to work in the Joint Venture. He stated that Hughes had been instrumental in developing their reservation security force and providing training, and was becoming involved in matters requiring security clearances for government contracts.[^1]
+
+John Paul Nichols was also involved in the [[Cabazon Casino]] and [[Indio Bingo Palace]]. He made a $30,000 withdrawal from the Bingo Palace's account by check payable to cash. He also wrote a letter to [[Wayne Reeder]] and his attorney, reminding Reeder of an agreement to "get rid" of [[Jimmy Hughes]] so Hughes couldn't expose [[Dr. John Philip Nichols]]' illegal activities.[^1]
+
+[[Tommy Marson]], a known [[Gambino Crime Family]] associate, reportedly lent [[Dr. John Philip Nichols]] $50,000 to start the Cabazon Casino, according to John Paul Nichols.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/John Powers.md

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+[[John Powers]] is a Detective at the Riverside Sheriff's Department in [[California]], specifically in the Central Homicide Unit – Cold Case Division. He was assigned to the cold-case file of the [[Fred Alvarez]] triple-homicide in 2007, working with [[Rachel Begley]], the daughter of one of the victims.[^1]
+
+Powers' investigation into the 1981 murders of [[Fred Alvarez]], [[Ralph Boger]], and [[Patricia Castro]] uncovered a complex web of connections involving clandestine government agents and organized crime figures. He examined thousands of old documents, resurrected police reports from forgotten archives, and interviewed dozens of hostile witnesses who had feared coming forward earlier.[^1]
+
+Powers obtained copies of the "Paul Morasca Homicide Investigation File" from the San Francisco Police Department, which contained police reports from various agencies related to the Alvarez murders that were missing from the original Riverside files. He also obtained an audio tape from [[Peter Zokosky]] that contained a recorded conversation between [[Patrick Kenneally]] and [[Robert Booth Nichols]], which revealed that Kenneally had no idea he was being tape-recorded by Nichols.[^1]
+
+Powers sought an arrest warrant for [[Jimmy Hughes]] from the [[California Department of Justice|California DOJ]]. The [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]] advised that they would approve the warrant but wanted Powers to arrest "all the suspects simultaneously." Powers was officially present at the arrest scene of [[Jimmy Hughes]] at Miami-Dade International Airport on September 26, 2009, to confirm Hughes' identity. He was not the arresting officer due to jurisdiction, but he was the only one who could identify Hughes on site.[^1]
+
+Powers was forced to obtain a Governor's Warrant to bring [[Jimmy Hughes]] back to [[California]]. The [[California State Attorney General]] is prosecuting the case because the current Riverside County district attorney, [[Rod Pacheco]], is a second cousin of the defendant. Powers still believes Hughes is guilty and hopes to someday resubmit the case with new evidence, despite the case being dismissed on July 1, 2010.[^1]
+
+Powers believes the motive for the triple-homicide was that [[Fred Alvarez]] was preparing to bring a case against the Nichols for embezzlement and/or mismanagement of funds, which would have been financially devastating to them. He stated that the Mafia was directly connected to the start-up capital in the [[Cabazon Casino]], and that [[Dr. John Philip Nichols]] and his [[La Cosa Nostra|LCN]] friends were involved in financial transactions. Powers also noted that the [[Lake Cahuilla]] Incident, a weapons demonstration attended by [[Wackenhut Corporation]], Cabazons, and [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] officials with [[Iran-Contra Affair|Contra]] leaders, was completely legal at the time and not a motive for the murders.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/John Schoolmeister.md

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+---
+aliases: []
+tags:
+  - Person
+---
+John Schoolmeister was employed by the [[U.S. Customs Service]] during the late 1970s, working as the Branch Chief of Engineering Services, where his main task was to support field patrol offices with high technology equipment. Schoolmeister knew [[Peter Videnieks]] from their time at Customs, describing him as a "by-the-book" contracting officer who later moved to the [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]]. Schoolmeister stated that Videnieks had some dealings with [[Hadron]], Inc., while at Customs, handling two of Hadron's contracts, though he could not recall which specific ones. He believed that [[Dominic Laiti]], president of Hadron, would almost certainly have met Videnieks, as Laiti "met everyone in government." Schoolmeister could not recall any specific significant event occurring between Hadron and Videnieks. The Special Counsel's investigation found that while Videnieks did supervise contracting officers who administered Hadron contracts, his direct involvement was tenuous and he had no recollection of these contracts or meeting Hadron management. The investigation concluded that there was no evidence to support the claim that Videnieks' connection with Hadron was part of a conspiracy to obtain [[PROMIS]], and that Schoolmeister's statement, at most, suggested a possible meeting between Videnieks and Laiti, which was insufficient evidence of a conspiracy.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993. (Hereafter, "Bua Report")

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/John St. John.md

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+[[John St. John]] was a Detective with the [[Los Angeles Police Department|LAPD]]'s Organized Crime Intelligence Division ([[OCID]]). He was implicated in the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] wiretap investigation into alleged organized crime penetration of [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]].[^1]
+
+[[Martin Bacow]] boasted to [[Eugene Giaquinto]] that St. John's status within OCID allowed him to obtain intelligence reports on organized crime figures across the nation, which Bacow could then pass along to Giaquinto. St. John was allegedly Bacow's direct contact at LAPD-OCID.[^1]
+
+During the process of opening a grand jury investigation into the mob's involvement in the motion picture industry, St. John called Bacow and told him he would listen, not give up too much, and try to find out what the investigators were looking at to inform Bacow. Bacow then called Giaquinto, who responded that he would call [[Edwin Meese]] and get the investigation shut down.[^1]
+
+Despite the wiretap information and related investigation reportedly gathering enough evidence to justify seeking an indictment against St. John, Giaquinto, and Bacow for obstruction of justice, no indictment was ever issued. The prosecution reportedly did not go forward because no one at the [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]] in Washington D.C. wanted all the wiretap affidavits in the case to be released.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/John von Neumann.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - Scientist
+  - Mathematician
+  - USA
+---
+John von Neumann was a Hungarian-American mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to quantum physics, functional analysis, set theory, economics, computer science, and nuclear physics. He was a key figure in the [[Manhattan Project]], working alongside [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]. As early as 1947, he was courted by [[Chaim Weizmann]] to spend time doing research in [[Israel]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 2.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Johnny Rosselli.md

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+[[Johnny Rosselli]] was an organized-crime leader who was contacted by [[Robert Maheu]] in 1960 as part of [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] operations to assassinate [[Fidel Castro]]. Rosselli, along with [[Sam Giancana]] and [[Santos Trafficante, Jr.]], was enlisted to assist in these efforts, which involved Cuban exiles.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.