Fresh start from commit 85df488cc66fa4934e54d62f1eaeffd274743b7a

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/ARMSCOR.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - SouthAfrica
+  - ArmsManufacturer
+---
+[[ARMSCOR]] (South African Arms Corporation) is the government weapons manufacturer of [[South Africa]]. It played a significant role in the international arms trade, particularly in its dealings with [[Carlos Cardoen]] and [[Gerald Bull]], and its involvement in supplying [[Iraq]].[^1]
+
+In 1979, [[Carlos Cardoen]] obtained a brokering license from [[ARMSCOR]] after being rejected by [[Israel]]. This allowed him to begin his work as an arms producer and broker.[^1]
+
+[[ARMSCOR]] collaborated with [[Carlos Cardoen|Cardoen]] in selling arms to [[Iraq]]. [[Alan Sanders]] of [[ITICO]] provided technology for cluster bombs to Cardoen, which were then produced with a covert [[USA|U.S.]] license.[^1]
+
+In 1983, [[ARMSCOR]] contracted [[Gerald Bull]] for his "supergun" artillery project, following an introduction by [[Mark Thatcher]] and [[Pieter Van Der Westhuizen|Gen. Pieter Van Der Westhuizen]], chief of [[South African Military Intelligence]].[^1]
+
+[[ARMSCOR]] was represented at a meeting in [[Santiago]], [[Chile]], in late 1986, where [[USA|U.S.]] officials, including [[Robert Gates]], reaffirmed their intention to maintain arms channels to [[Iraq]] through [[South Africa]] and [[Chile]].[^1]
+
+In late 1988, [[Pieter Van Der Westhuizen|Gen. Pieter Van Der Westhuizen]] informed [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] that [[South Africa]] had stopped the flow of technology to [[Iraq]], claiming it was due to a decision to resume nuclear cooperation with [[Israel]]. However, [[Israel|Israeli]] intelligence later confirmed that while [[South Africa]] was not directly dealing with [[Iraq]], it was involved with [[Chile]], which continued to supply [[Iraq]] through the [[Carlos Cardoen|Cardoen]] network. The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] reportedly used [[ARMSCOR]] to facilitate the transfer of nuclear technology to [[Iraq]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/AiResearch Manufacturing Group.md

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+---
+created: 2025-07-23
+updated: 2025-07-23
+title: AiResearch Manufacturing Group
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - private
+  - aerospace
+  - research
+description: AiResearch Manufacturing Group was an American aerospace manufacturer and defense contractor known for its work on life support systems and classified research.
+---
+
+[[AiResearch Manufacturing Group]] was an American aerospace manufacturer and defense contractor based in Torrance, California. The company held numerous classified [[Department of Defense|DoD]] contracts, including those in avionics, hydraulics, and microprocessors. Notably, AiResearch engineered the life support systems for the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo astronauts, giving it unique expertise in human physiology under extreme conditions.[^1]
+
+In the context of psychic research, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] contracted AiResearch to conduct a classified study on [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[ESP]], [[Psychokinesis]], and electromagnetic (EM) research. While AiResearch found much of the Soviet work to be "speculative, unscientific and sensationalistic," they identified a cause for alarm in Soviet efforts to enhance psychic functioning by bombarding test subjects with very high frequency (VHF) sound and pulsing the brain with electromagnetic signals. The goal was to bring humans to "the razor's edge between sleep and wakefulness" and to "facilitate hallucinations and altered states."[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Air France.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Airline
+  - France
+---
+[[Air France]] is a French airline. It was involved in the 1976 [[Entebbe hijacking]], where an [[Air France]] jet flying from [[Tel Aviv]] to [[Paris]] was diverted to [[Entebbe Airport]] in [[Uganda]] by members of the [[Baader-Meinhof Group]]. The hijacking led to a commando raid by [[Israel|Israeli]] forces to rescue the hostages.[^1]
+
+[[Ari Ben-Menashe]] later booked an [[Air France]] flight from [[Europe]] to [[Israel]] for [[Sayeed Mehdi Kashani]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/American Jewish Committee.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Jewish
+  - USA
+---
+The American Jewish Committee is a Jewish advocacy organization in the [[United States]]. In 1933, [[Lewis L. Strauss]] was asked by the Committee to attend an international conference in [[London]] on the Jewish plight, where he met [[Chaim Weizmann]] and discussed the need to raise funds for the resettlement of Jews.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 7.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/American Society for Psychical Research.md

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+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-23
+title: American Society for Psychical Research
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - parapsychology
+  - research
+description: The American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR) is the oldest psychical research organization in the United States, dedicated to the scientific study of psychic phenomena.
+---
+
+The [[American Society for Psychical Research]] (ASPR) is the oldest psychical research organization in the [[United States]], founded in 1885 by the philosopher and physician [[William James]]. It is dedicated to the scientific study of [[Psi|psychic]] phenomena, including [[Telepathy]], [[Clairvoyance]], [[Precognition]], and [[Psychokinesis]].[^1]
+
+In the early 1970s, the ASPR was one of the institutions where [[Ingo Swann]] participated in psychic experiments before his involvement with [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]]. [[Karlis Osis]], a parapsychologist at the ASPR, conducted experiments on [[Out-of-Body Experience|out-of-body experiences]] (OBEs) with Swann, where Swann claimed to be able to "float up" and perceive hidden objects. Osis also conducted a [[Psychokinesis|psychokinesis]] experiment with [[Pat Price]], where Price, from a distance, appeared to affect an infrared sensor in a sealed copper box.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
+[^2]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Atlantic Richfield Company.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Energy
+---
+Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) was an American oil company. In 1967, [[Zalman Mordecai Shapiro]] and his partners were forced to merge their interest in the [[Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation|NUMEC]] into ARCO due to the continuing controversy over alleged uranium diversion. Shapiro, with his special Q clearance still intact, continued to run the plant.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 18.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Babcock & Wilcox.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Manufacturing
+---
+Babcock & Wilcox is a major American reactor designer and manufacturing company. It took over the [[Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation|NUMEC]] plant in the early 1970s. In 1978, Babcock & Wilcox shut down [[Zalman Mordecai Shapiro]]'s [[Apollo]] plant when the nuclear fuels business suffered a downturn. Under public pressure, the company agreed to keep the plant open to determine how much contamination existed. In 1989, the firm began to decontaminate the plant, an expensive process that involved the virtual dismantling of some areas. Company officials acknowledged that many sections of the plant, including its concrete floor, were so contaminated that they had to be dismantled, piece by piece, and buried at appropriate sites after the valuable uranium was removed.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 18.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Bank Leumi.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Finance
+  - Israel
+---
+Bank Leumi is an Israeli state bank. After his retirement in 1973, [[Walworth Barbour]], the former American ambassador to [[Israel]], agreed to become a board member of its American branch. This decision, while not illegal, was seen by many [[State Department]] officials as posing an obvious conflict of interest.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 12.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Bank of Credit and Commerce International.md

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+The [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International|BCCI]] was a financial institution that became embroiled in a major scandal involving money laundering, drug trafficking, and covert operations. Its collapse had far-reaching implications and was a significant focus of [[Danny Casolaro]]'s "[[The Octopus]]" investigation.[^1]
+
+### Involvement in Illicit Activities
+
+[[Adnan Khashoggi]], an international arms merchant, borrowed money for arms purchases related to the [[Iran-Contra Affair]] from BCCI accounts, with Saudi and U.S. backing.[^1] [[Lester Coleman]], a [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]] covert intelligence officer, was paid in travelers checks sent from the Luxembourg branch of the now-collapsed BCCI.[^1]
+
+[[Danny Casolaro]] was investigating the BCCI scandal as part of his broader "[[The Octopus]]" probe, believing it was interconnected with the [[PROMIS Software Scandal]] and the [[Iran-Contra Affair]]. He obtained papers referring to Iran-Contra arms deals, including photocopies of checks drawn on BCCI accounts for [[Adnan Khashoggi]] and [[Manucher Ghorbanifar]], from his confidante [[Bob Bickel]].[^1]
+
+[[Bill Turner]], a friend and confidante of [[Danny Casolaro]], claimed to have seen papers from Casolaro that connected [[Oliver North]] and BCCI.[^1]
+
+### Chronology
+
+**1972:** [[Agha Hasan Abedi]] organizes BCCI with the intention of forming the Third World's first multinational bank.[^2]
+
+**1975:** Using [[Abbas Gokal]] as a front, BCCI attempts to acquire Chelsea National Bank in [[New York]]. Regulators reject the bid due to concerns about BCCI's involvement.[^2]
+
+**1976:** BCCI opens its [[Cayman Islands]] subsidiary ICIC, which becomes BCCI's repository for loans to privileged insiders.[^2]
+
+**1977:** [[Eugene Holley]] introduces [[Bert Lance]] to Abedi.[^2]
+
+**1978:** [[Ghaith Pharaon]] finalizes his acquisition of [[National Bank of Georgia]] from Bert Lance with Abedi's help. Abedi pays off Lance's $3.5-million bank loan. BCCI orchestrates a hostile bid for [[Financial General Bankshares]] of [[Washington, D.C.]] with Lance's help. [[Joseph E. Vaez]] submits a report on BCCI characterizing it as dangerously out of control. The [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] files suit against BCCI, Abedi, Lance, and others in connection with the purchase of Financial General Bankshares stock.[^2]
+
+**1979:** The [[Soviet Union]] invades [[Afghanistan]], making [[Pakistan]] a key strategic priority for the [[United States]].[^2]
+
+**1981:** Regulators approve the sale of Financial General to Middle Eastern investors connected with BCCI, based on [[Clark Clifford]]'s assurances of no link between BCCI and Financial General Bankshares.[^2]
+
+**1982:** Lance introduces Abedi to [[Jimmy Carter]]. BCCI illegally acquires [[Independence Bank of Encino]] using Ghaith Pharaon as a front man. BCCI helps [[Adnan Khashoggi]] finance arms sales to [[Iran]] as part of the [[Reagan Administration]]'s [[Iran-Contra Affair]]. BCCI suffers over $440 million in losses from options trading through its subsidiary Capcom.[^2]
+
+**1986:** The [[CIA]] issues a report stating that BCCI has owned [[First American Bank]] since 1982.[^2]
+
+**1987:** Pharaon becomes a partner in [[David L. Paul]]'s [[CenTrust Savings Bank]] of [[Miami]]. First American Bank buys the National Bank of Georgia from Ghaith Pharaon for $227 million.[^2]
+
+**1988:** Clifford and [[Robert Altman]] sell their stock in First American to [[Mohammed Hammoud]]. Abedi's heart attack ends his direct control of BCCI, and [[Swaleh Naqvi]] becomes chief executive. [[Amjad Awan]] tells investigators that BCCI owns First American and National Bank of Georgia. American Customs agents arrest five BCCI bankers in Tampa, Florida, along with other bankers and narcotics traffickers in London and the U.S. on money laundering charges.[^2]
+
+**1989:** [[Jack Blum]] visits Manhattan District Attorney [[Robert Morgenthau]] to persuade him to take on the BCCI case.[^2]
+
+**1990:** BCCI pleads guilty to money laundering in Tampa, Florida, forfeiting $14 million. The first Price Waterhouse audit reveals a $1.7 billion black hole in the bank's accounts. A second Price Waterhouse audit details thousands of irregular transactions and confirms BCCI's control of First American.[^2]
+
+**1991:** [[Zayed bin Sultan AL-Nahayan|Sheikh Zayed]] acquires 77 percent control of BCCI. A Florida jury convicts five Tampa BCCI officers of conspiring to launder cocaine profits. The [[Federal Reserve]] orders BCCI to sell illegally acquired shares in First American Bank. Regulators worldwide seize BCCI offices, placing over 75 percent of the bank's assets in government hands. A [[New York]] State grand jury indicts BCCI, Abedi, and Naqvi for fraud, bribery, grand larceny, and money laundering. The Federal Reserve Board fines BCCI $200 million for illegally acquiring control of First American Bank, National Bank of Georgia, and CenTrust Savings. Clifford and Altman resign from First American. BCCI's liquidators plead guilty and agree to forfeit $550 million.[^2]
+
+**1992:** [[Khalid bin-Mahfouz]] is indicted by a Manhattan grand jury. [[Kamal Adham]] pleads guilty in New York and agrees to cooperate with Morgenthau and the Justice Department. Clifford and Altman are indicted by Manhattan District Attorney Robert Morgenthau and a federal grand jury.[^2]
+
+---
+
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. _The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro's Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal_. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010. 
+^2]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. _The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI_. New York: Random House, 1993, pp. 11-14.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Banque Worms.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Finance
+  - Europe
+---
+[[Banque Worms]] was a bank in [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]], that played a role in the financial transactions related to [[Israel|Israeli]] arms sales to [[Iran]] and the release of [[USA|American]] hostages.[^1]
+
+In April 1980, [[Sayeed Mehdi Kashani]] opened a numbered account at [[Banque Worms]] and deposited $270,000 for the purchase of tires from [[Israel]]. This marked the beginning of the extra-budgetary [[Likud Party]]/intelligence community slush fund.[^1]
+
+In December 1980, $40 million in bank checks, part of a $56 million payment for the release of [[USA|American]] hostages, were drawn on [[Banque Worms]]. [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] deposited $52 million of this money into [[Sayeed Mehdi Kashani|Kashani's]] safe deposit box at [[Banque Worms]]. The remaining $4 million was deposited into [[Earl Brian|Earl Brian's]] account at [[Valley National Bank of Arizona]].[^1]
+
+Profits from the sales of tires and wheelbases to [[Iran]] ($956,000) were also deposited into [[Banque Worms]] to initiate the slush fund. [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] later opened a special account at [[Banque Worms]] for these profits.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Bell Labs.md

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+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Bell Labs
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - research
+  - technology
+description: Bell Labs is an American industrial research and scientific development company, historically known for its innovations in telecommunications and computing.
+---
+
+[[Bell Labs]] is an American industrial research and scientific development company, historically known for its innovations in telecommunications and computing. In the context of the *Remote Viewers* narrative, Bell Labs is mentioned in relation to the early rumors of a telepathy project involving the USS Nautilus, though this was later debunked as a fabrication or disinformation ploy.[^1]
+
+More significantly, [[Robert Lucky]], the editor of the prestigious *Proceedings of the IEEE* electrical engineering society journal, was a Bell Labs scientist. He initially hesitated to publish [[Hal Puthoff]] and [[Russell Targ]]'s paper on remote viewing but was later impressed after they visited Bell Labs to answer questions from skeptical scientists. Lucky eventually conducted his own informal remote viewing experiments and became convinced of its reality, stating, "Psychic stuff is really not much more far-fetched than some of the physics behind the laser."[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Bufalino Crime Family.md

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+The [[Bufalino Crime Family]] is a [[La Cosa Nostra]] crime family that was reportedly involved in the alleged organized crime penetration of [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]]. Members of the Bufalino family were specifically related to the [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] investigation, with many reportedly picked up in [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] wiretaps.[1]
+
+[[Marvin Rudnick]], [[Thomas Gates]], and [[Richard Stavin]] all believed [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] had been penetrated by organized crime, based on these wiretaps.[1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+[1] Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Burns & Roe, Inc..md

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+Burns & Roe, Inc. was an international engineering and construction corporation. It was a family corporation owned by [[Kenneth A. Roe]] and his family. [[George K. Pender]] was a former Director of the Pacific Ocean area for Burns & Roe, Inc., and also served as a Senior Engineer Consultant to the company.[^1]
+
+Under [[Kenneth A. Roe]]'s leadership, Burns & Roe, Inc. was involved in major projects, including the engineering design and construction of the [[United States of America|U.S.A.]] Fast Breeder Nuclear Reactor Plant in conjunction with [[Westinghouse Electric Corporation]], which was responsible for the nuclear system supply of steam. At the time, the construction value of Burns & Roe, Inc.'s business backlog exceeded six billion U.S. dollars.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Cabazon Indian Reservation.md

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+The [[Cabazon Indian Reservation]] is located near Indio, California, and is home to the [[Cabazon Band of Mission Indians]]. Its sovereign nation status played a crucial role in a joint venture with [[Wackenhut Corporation]], allowing the parties to operate outside typical federal jurisdiction and congressional prohibitions.[1]
+
+### Joint Venture with Wackenhut Corporation
+
+On April 1, 1981, the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians formalized a joint venture with [[Wackenhut Corporation]], primarily to establish a production facility named "Cabazon Arms" on the reservation. This partnership was designed to manufacture high-tech arms and explosives for export to third-world countries, including the [[Contras]] in Nicaragua and nations in the Middle East, effectively circumventing U.S. arms export regulations.[1]
+
+[[Dr. John Nichols]], the Cabazon tribal administrator and a former [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] agent, was instrumental in this venture. He obtained a [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] secret facility clearance for the reservation to conduct various research projects. Nichols proposed to Wackenhut the production of a range of weapons systems, such as 120mm combustible cartridge cases, 9mm machine pistols, laser-sighted assault weapons, sniper rifles, and portable rocket systems. The joint venture also explored the development of biological weapons.[1]
+
+[[Michael Riconosciuto]] served as the Director of Research for this joint venture. He claimed to have modified the proprietary [[PROMIS]] computer software at the Wackenhut facility on the reservation. This modified software, allegedly made available by [[Earl Brian]] through [[Peter Videnieks]] of the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]], was intended for worldwide implementation in law enforcement and intelligence agencies, leading to the [[PROMIS Software Scandal]].[1]
+
+Frequent visitors to the Wackenhut-Cabazon joint venture included [[Peter Videnieks]] and [[Earl Brian]]. The venture maintained close liaison with elements of the [[United States Government]], including representatives of intelligence, military, and law enforcement agencies.[1]
+
+### Termination and Investigations
+
+The Wackenhut/Cabazon Joint Venture was terminated on October 1, 1984. Following its termination, the activities conducted on the Cabazon Indian Reservation became the subject of numerous investigations by various governmental and law enforcement bodies, including the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]], the [[United States House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary|House Judiciary Committee on Inslaw]], [[United States Customs Service|U.S. Customs]], and the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police|Royal Canadian Mounted Police]], as well as police agencies and media worldwide.[1]
+
+Investigative journalist [[Danny Casolaro]] had planned to visit the reservation just days before his death, indicating its significance to his "[[The Octopus]]" investigation. His notes contained cryptic references to slow-acting brain viruses, like Mad Cow Disease, which he believed could be used against targeted individuals, and he was concerned he might have been a target of such a virus, linking it to activities at the reservation.[1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+[1] Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Cali Drug Cartel.md

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+The [[Cali Drug Cartel]] was a powerful Colombian drug trafficking organization, described in a 1994 *Time* magazine article as controlling 80% of the world's cocaine trade. Its key leaders included [[Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela|Gilberto Rodriguez]] and [[Jose Santacruz Londono|Jose Londono]].[1]
+
+The cartel laundered its substantial profits through various channels, notably Miami banks, with [[Gilberto Rodriguez]] reportedly owning the Northside Bank of Miami. The influence of the Cali Cartel extended deeply into political spheres, as evidenced by allegations that [[Ernesto Samper Pizano]], the newly elected president of [[Colombia]], accepted $3.7 million in campaign funds from [[Gilberto Rodriguez]], effectively aligning him with the drug lords.[1]
+
+Investigations into the Cali Cartel frequently intersected with U.S. government operations and intelligence activities. [[Gilberto Rodriguez]] and [[Jose Londono]] were significant targets of a major [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] Centac investigation, which led to their indictments in Los Angeles and New York in 1978. However, these cases reportedly did not progress beyond the indictment phase, and the Centac 21 task force was dismantled during the [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[George Bush]] administrations, leading to suspicions among disgruntled [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] agents of a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] connection.[1]
+
+The narrative suggests a potential complicity or manipulation by U.S. intelligence agencies. For instance, [[Michael Abbell]], a former [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] official, was indicted for laundering money for the Cali Cartel, with surveillance reports indicating his frequent visits to [[Gilberto Rodriguez]]'s home in Bogota. [[Michael Riconosciuto]] claimed that [[Robert Booth Nichols]] provided Abbell with $50,000 in cash to influence an internal affairs investigation within the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] that would have otherwise led to the extradition of Cali Cartel leaders, whom Nichols reportedly considered "intelligence people."[1]
+
+The cartel's alleged funding of the Colombian president and its strategic position raised profound questions about the [[United States Government|U.S. government]]'s powerful controlling influence within [[Colombia]] and over the cartels, potentially implying that [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] drug operatives were behind the election of the Colombian president.[1]
+
+The Cali Cartel was a significant focus of investigative journalist [[Danny Casolaro]]'s "[[The Octopus]]" probe. Casolaro had uncovered a connection between [[Michael Abbell]], the Cali Cartel, and [[Robert Booth Nichols]] shortly before his death. [[Michael Riconosciuto]] attempted to exchange information on Abbell, Rodriguez, and Nichols with the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] in return for witness protection, further highlighting the cartel's deep entanglement with intelligence and criminal networks.[1]
+
+Historically, during [[Jimmy Carter]]'s presidency, his human rights foreign policy in Latin America reportedly created a distance between the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] and death-squad interdiction. The Carter administration was also reportedly hesitant to pursue certain figures involved in the drug trade, such as General Torrijos of [[Panama]], due to ongoing negotiations for the [[Panama Canal]] treaty. This historical context suggests that political considerations have, at times, influenced drug enforcement efforts. The cartel's activities were also contrasted with the [[Medellin Cartel]], which [[Manuel Noriega]] chose to support, ultimately leading to his ousting by [[George Bush]].[1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+[1] Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Church's Fried Chicken.md

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+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Church's Fried Chicken
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - private
+  - business
+description: Church's Fried Chicken is an American fast food restaurant chain specializing in fried chicken.
+---
+
+[[Church's Fried Chicken]] is an American fast food restaurant chain specializing in fried chicken. In the context of the *Remote Viewers* narrative, Bill Church, a part owner of the chain and an amateur scientist, provided [[Hal Puthoff]] with ten thousand dollars in funding to begin his psi experiments at [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]]. This private funding was crucial in the early stages of the remote viewing research program before the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] became involved.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Coca-Cola.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Beverage
+---
+Coca-Cola is a multinational beverage corporation. By 1968, the government of [[Israel]] rewarded [[Abraham Feinberg]] for his services by permitting him to become the major owner of the nation's Coca-Cola franchise, which quickly became a multimillion-dollar profit center.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 14.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Committee for the Denuclearization of the Middle East.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Activism
+  - Israel
+---
+The Committee for the Denuclearization of the Middle East was a group of prominent Israeli scholars and scientists, including two former members of [[Ernst David Bergmann]]'s [[Atomic Energy Commission]], who privately banded together in late 1961. Their agenda was to stop [[Israel]]'s search for the nuclear option and to defuse the secrecy surrounding the activities at [[Dimona]]. In April 1962, the committee went public, stating that the development of nuclear weapons constituted a danger to [[Israel]] and to peace in the [[Middle East]], and urged [[United Nations]] intervention to prevent military nuclear production.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 8.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/D.I.G. (Decency in Government).md

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+D.I.G. (Decency in Government) was an organization formed by deputies and former grand jury members in Mariposa County, [[California]]. The group was established after numerous meetings where deputies and grand jurors corroborated stories of long-standing corruption, murder, threats, and harassment within the Mariposa Sheriff's Department.[^1]
+
+[[Ben Wagner]], a Jackson, [[California]], lawyer representing [[Dave Beavers]] and other deputies, played a key role in assembling the group and airing their stories. D.I.G. was later incorporated. Wagner, on behalf of D.I.G., filed two civil rights lawsuits with the [[United States District Court|U.S. District Court]] in Fresno, which were later revealed to be the largest civil rights lawsuits ever recorded in [[California]] history. He also filed a Writ of Mandamus against [[John Van de Kamp]], the State Attorney General; [[George Vinson]], regional director of the Fresno [[Federal Bureau Investigation|FBI]]; [[George Deukemejian]], then Governor of [[California]]; and [[David F. Levi]], [[United States Attorney|United States Attorney]], for refusing to investigate corruption in Mariposa County.[^1]
+
+The citizens of Mariposa became divided, with D.I.G. becoming a major topic of discussion. A *Capitol News Service* story by [[Jerry Goldberg]] noted that Attorney General staff members "stonewalled questions" about any investigation or willingness to meet with D.I.G. Goldberg's article also mentioned the "Queen's accident" and threats received by individuals who spoke out against the sheriff and district attorney.[^1]
+
+[[Vivian L. Wagner]], Ben Wagner's wife, sent an emotionally gripping letter to President [[Ronald Reagan]] at the [[White House]] on February 19, 1988, titled "Restoring Equal Rights to the Citizens of Mariposa County." The letter detailed the alleged corruption, the failure of state and federal agencies to investigate, and the threats and intimidation faced by residents. It listed numerous grievances, including violations of civil rights, obstruction of justice, bribery, intimidation of grand jury members, and homicides.[^1]
+
+Shortly before [[Ben Wagner]]'s first scheduled court appearance on behalf of D.I.G., he received an obscure response from "Chuck" at the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] [[White House]]. The day after meeting with "Chuck," Wagner, along with [[Jerry Goldberg]], reportedly disappeared, unplugging his phone and leaving his law practice and home, never to be seen again. The remaining members of D.I.G. began to call themselves "The Loser's Club," feeling they were fighting an incomprehensible evil.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Dassault Company.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - France
+---
+Dassault Company is a French aerospace company. In 1963, [[Israel]] paid $100 million to Dassault for the joint development and manufacture of twenty-five medium-range Israeli missiles, which would become known as the Jericho I. These missiles were anticipated to be capable of delivering a miniaturized nuclear warhead to targets three hundred miles away.[^1]
+
+By 1963, the Dassault Company was involved in the joint development and manufacture of the Jericho I missile system with [[Israel]]. This missile was designed to deliver a miniaturized nuclear warhead to targets three hundred miles away.[^1]
+
+[[Charles de Gaulle]] claimed to newsmen that he had not known of Dassault's contract with [[Israel]] until the first field test in 1967 of the Jericho I, although the French firm continued to work with Israelis on the missile program for another year.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 3, 9, 13.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Degem.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Technology
+  - Israel
+---
+[[Degem]] was an [[Israel|Israeli]]-owned computer business with operations in [[Israel]], [[Guatemala]], and [[Transkei]] (a Bantustan "homeland" controlled by [[South Africa]]). It was initially controlled by [[Israel|Israel]]'s military intelligence and provided computer services to the [[South Africa|South Africans]] and to [[Guatemala]].[^1]
+
+[[Robert Maxwell]] took over [[Degem]] after its previous owner, [[Yaacov Meridor]], faced a scandal. Maxwell acquired [[Degem]] with the intention of using it to market the [[PROMIS]] software, distancing himself personally from the spy project. Through [[Degem]], Maxwell sold [[PROMIS]] to the [[East Bloc]] and other countries, including [[Brazil]], [[Chile]], [[Colombia]], and [[Nicaragua]]. An abridged version of [[PROMIS]], including the trap door, was also sold by [[Degem]] to [[Credit Suisse]] in 1985. [[Degem]] even sold [[PROMIS]] to the [[Soviet Union]] in the late 1980s, with [[Robert Gates]] lifting export barriers for [[IBM]] computers to the Soviets, which were then fitted with the trap-doored [[PROMIS]] by [[Degem]] technicians.[^1]
+
+In [[Guatemala]], [[Degem]], through [[Manfred Herrmann|Herrmann's]] [[Sedra]] company, moved into offices, railway stations, and airports, and set up terminals at remote roadblocks, contributing to a system that tracked suspected dissidents. In [[Transkei]], [[Degem]] was instrumental in implementing [[PROMIS]] as a "killing machine" against black revolutionary groups, including the [[African National Congress]], by providing information that led to the disappearance or maiming of activists.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Dickstein, Shapiro & Morin.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+aliases: []
+tags:
+  - Organization
+---
+Dickstein, Shapiro & Morin was a law firm that represented [[Inslaw Corporation|Inslaw]] in prosecuting its adversary complaint against the [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]]. [[Lee Ratiner]] was the partner in charge of the matter.
+
+Inslaw filed an objection to Dickstein, Shapiro & Morin's application for fees, charging that the firm, due to pressure by the DOJ, forced Ratiner out and effectively abandoned [[INSLAW]]. Bankruptcy Judge James F. Schneider found no credible evidence to support Inslaw's charge, concluding that Inslaw's allegations of wrongdoing were "built upon supposition, suspicion and uncorroborated hearsay, all of which [are] unworthy of belief." The Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations also investigated Inslaw's claim and found no proof of any DOJ pressure on the firm that affected its representation of Inslaw.[^1]
+
+More recently, [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] published a book in which he claimed to have seen evidence suggesting that the Dickstein, Shapiro firm was to be paid $600,000 by Hadron, Inc., or [[Earl Brian]] in order to remove Ratiner from the firm. However, the Special Counsel's investigation found this claim implausible given their conclusions about Ben-Menashe's testimony.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993. (Hereafter, "Bua Report")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Drexel Burnham.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Finance
+  - USA
+---
+[[Drexel Burnham]] was a prominent brokerage house where [[Michael Milken]] built his junk-bond fortune. It was involved in the financial operations of the [[Iran-Israel Joint Committee]]'s slush fund, which was used to finance various covert activities and political initiatives.
+
+Large amounts of money from the arms sales to [[Iran]], along with profits from earlier deals, were held at various interest rates by Drexel on behalf of [[Israel|Israeli]] front companies after being funneled through [[USA|American]] banks. These large deposits contributed to Drexel's stature and helped underwrite huge quantities of junk bonds.[^1]
+
+In 1987, the [[Iran-Israel Joint Committee]] decided to withdraw its funds from Drexel and from the control of [[Menachem Schneerson]] (Lubavitcher Rebbe). This decision was influenced by concerns that the funds might be frozen if relations between [[Israel]] and the [[USA|U.S.]] deteriorated, and it contributed to [[Michael Milken|Milken's]] growing troubles and ultimately to the fall of Drexel.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-23
+title: Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - parapsychology
+  - research
+description: The Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory was a research unit founded by J. B. Rhine, dedicated to the scientific study of psychic phenomena.
+---
+
+The [[Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory]] was a research unit founded in 1930 by [[J. B. Rhine]], a botanist who sought to bring scientific rigor to the study of psychic phenomena. Rhine, frustrated by the theatrical displays of séance mediums, aimed to banish "mediumistic monkeying-about" and instead focused on controlled experiments, such as card-guessing and dice-throwing, to generate statistical evidence for psi.[^1]
+
+Rhine's work at Duke helped transform psychical research into "parapsychology," emphasizing dry statistics and experimental rigor. While his methods were blessed by statisticians and gained some public interest, the laboratory's work ultimately failed to firmly establish psi within mainstream science. Critics argued that parapsychologists never seemed to have anything to show for their work beyond marginal statistical evidence, leading to the ghettoization of the field.[^1]
+
+The laboratory also conducted classified research for the U.S. government. In the early 1950s, the Army initiated a secret program with the Duke lab to test whether dogs could locate buried landmines underwater. The lab also conducted experiments on the homing abilities of pigeons for the Army Signal Corps, and on telepathic communication with cats.[^2]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
+[^2]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Dynavest Limited.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - ArmsDealer
+  - UK
+---
+[[Dynavest Limited]] was an arms dealing company run by [[John Knight]] in [[London]]. It was involved in acquiring arms from [[Yugoslavia]] and selling them to [[Mohammed Radi Abdullah]], who in turn sold them to Palestinian groups like [[Abu Nidal]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Eagle.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - ArmsDealer
+  - Israel
+---
+[[Eagle]] was an [[Israel|Israeli]] arms-dealing company. Its representative, [[Pesach Ben-Or]], was involved in helping the military regime in [[Guatemala]] set up a computer tracking system to fight the leftist insurgency. The company's operations in [[Guatemala]] were overseen by [[Ariel Sharon]] and his associate [[Mike Harari]] in [[Panama]].[^1]
+
+In 1984, [[Israel|Israeli]] intelligence, with the backing of the [[USA|Americans]], agreed to continue selling weapons to the [[Guatemala|Guatemalan]] government through [[Eagle]]. This was part of a deal that allowed [[Guatemala]] to be used for storing weapons en route to [[Iran]] and for planes carrying arms from [[Poland]] to the [[Sandinista National Liberation Front|Sandinista]] government in [[Nicaragua]] to fly over [[Guatemala]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/El Al.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Israel
+  - Transportation
+---
+El Al is the national airline of [[Israel]]. It played a role in various covert operations and financial transactions detailed by [[Ari Ben-Menashe]].
+
+In January 1979, El Al was one of the last airlines to operate flights into [[Tehran]] before the airport closed, facilitating the departure of 48 [[Israel|Israeli]] aircrews who flew out F-14 jets from [[Iran]].[^1]
+
+In April 1980, El Al was involved in the transport of tires sold to [[Iran]], with a payment of $14,000 made to El Al for freight and insurance. The tires were flown from [[Israel]] to [[Vienna]] via El Al, then transferred to [[Iran Air]] by [[Israel|Israeli]] embassy personnel.[^1]
+
+In October 1980, El Al was used to transport [[Israel|Israeli]] personnel from [[Tel Aviv]] to [[Orly Airport]] in [[Paris]] for a top-secret meeting concerning the hostage release and arms deals. Later, electronic equipment acquired through a New York operation was usually flown by the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]]'s weekly Boeing 707 flight from [[New York]] to [[Tel Aviv]], or by El Al cargo, before being transferred to [[Tehran]] via Argentinean charters.[^1]
+
+In 1986, El Al was the target of a "black" propaganda operation orchestrated by [[Rafi Eitan]] to discredit [[Syria]]. [[Nezar Hindawi]] was tasked with planting explosives on an El Al plane, with the intention of causing a public incident. The plot was foiled by [[Israel|Israeli]] security. Hindawi's girlfriend, Ann-Marie Murphy, was unwittingly used in the plot, and an [[Israel|Israeli]] security man, disguised as a cleaner, passed her the parcel containing the explosives in the [[Heathrow Airport|El Al]] departure lounge.[^1]
+
+In 1988, El Al's first-class lounge at [[Heathrow Airport]] was the meeting place for [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] and [[David Ivry]], director general of [[Israel|Israel]]'s Ministry of Defense, to discuss the sale of C-130s to [[Iran]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Esquire.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Media
+  - USA
+---
+*[[Esquire]]* is an [[USA|American]] magazine. In October 1991, it published an article by [[Craig Unger]] that repeated [[Ari Ben-Menashe|Ben-Menashe's]] allegations that [[Robert McFarlane]] had been recruited by [[Rafi Eitan]] and named [[Robert McFarlane|McFarlane]] as "Mr. X" in the [[Jonathan Pollard]] case. [[Robert McFarlane|McFarlane]] subsequently sued the magazine, but the suit was dismissed in June 1994.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Euramae Trading Company.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[[Euramae Trading Company]] was a company operating throughout the Middle East, described by [[Michael Riconosciuto]] as a companion company to [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]] and an [[National Security Council|NSC]] cutout. It was also identified as a [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]]/[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] "front" by [[Lester Coleman]], newly established by the Cypriot Police Narcotics Squad in Nicosia, [[Cyprus]].[^1]
+
+Euramae's operations were deeply intertwined with drug trafficking and intelligence activities. It served as a transit point for heroin from the Bekaa Valley in [[Lebanon]], cash, documents, and bootleg computer software moving along the Beirut-Nicosia-U.S. pipeline. It was also intended as a meeting place for [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] and [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] agents with informants and clients, a message drop for [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] arms dealers supplying [[Iraq]] and the [[Mujahideen]] in [[Afghanistan]], and a waiting room for [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] confidential informants and couriers from [[Lebanon]].[^1]
+
+[[Michael Riconosciuto]] claimed that Euramae was involved in the drug trade as a fully sanctioned [[National Security Council|NSC]]-directed operation. He handled communications protocol and financial transactions for these operations. [[Michael T. Hurley]], the [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] Country Attache in Nicosia, [[Cyprus]], had overall responsibility for Euramae Trading Company and its initiative to sell [[PROMIS]] software to Middle Eastern countries for drug abuse control.[^1]
+
+[[Lester Coleman]] worked in the office of Euramae Trading Company, Ltd. in Nicosia, [[Cyprus]], between April and May 1988. He later expressed concern about poor security in the [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] operation in [[Cyprus]]. Coleman also claimed that the [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]], along with Cypriot, German, and British police, ran a "drug sting operation" code-named "Khourah" through [[Cyprus]] and airports in Europe, which involved delivering heroin from the Bekaa Valley to the [[United States]]. This operation allegedly used Pan Am Flight 103 as a "controlled delivery" flight, which later tragically exploded over Scotland.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/FXC International.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Business
+  - USA
+---
+[[FXC International]] was a company that initially produced parachutes for civilian purposes. It was transformed by [[Frank Chevrier]], who became its director and later owner. After Chevrier took control, [[FXC International]] began manufacturing parachutes for military purposes with [[Israel|Israeli]] technology.[^1]
+
+[[FXC International]] had associates in [[Singapore]], [[Australia]], and other parts of the world. The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] approached [[FXC International]] with the idea of opening an aircraft division, through which it could broker secret sales of aircraft around the world on behalf of the [[USA|U.S.]] government. Due to existing relations with [[Israel]], [[FXC International]] was used to "paper" [[USA|American]] equipment in what might have been perceived as illegal sales, allowing the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] to closely monitor these transactions.[^1]
+
+[[Joseph O'Toole]], managing director of [[FXC International]]'s aircraft sales division, was involved in negotiations to sell [[Chile|Chilean]] F-5Es to [[Iran]] through [[Singapore]]. [[FXC International]] was intended to act as a broker, buying planes from [[Chile]] on behalf of [[Israel]], thereby putting an [[USA|American]] stamp of approval on the deal.[^1]
+
+[[FXC International]] was also involved in a deal to sell three C-130s to [[Iran|Tehran]], working with [[Richard St. Francis]] of [[TransCapital]] and [[Mike Timpani]]. [[FXC International]] was slated to receive $200,000 for the purchase of each aircraft and another $200,000 for each sale, with the [[Chile|Chilean]] government paying half its fee and [[Israel]] paying the other half.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/First Intercontinental Development Corporation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]] was a company whose board of directors included prominent figures with ties to government and intelligence, and it was reportedly a [[National Security Council|NSC]] cutout. Its activities were closely scrutinized in the context of [[Danny Casolaro]]'s "[[The Octopus]]" investigation.[1]
+
+### Board of Directors
+
+The Board of Directors of [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]] consisted of individuals with significant backgrounds in government, intelligence, and business:
+
+*   [[Robert Maheu]], Sr.: Vice President, Director; former [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] agent and former CEO of Howard Hughes Operations.[1]
+*   [[Michael A. McManus]]: Director, Vice President, and General Counsel to [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]]; former Assistant to President [[Ronald Reagan]] at the [[White House]].[1]
+*   [[Robert Booth Nichols]]: Director, Senior Vice President, and Chairman of Investment Committee; CEO of R.B.N. Companies, International, involved in high technology electronics, real estate, construction, and international finance.[1]
+*   [[George K. Pender]]: Director; former Director of Pacific Ocean area of Burns & Roe, Inc., an international engineering and construction corporation.[1]
+*   [[Kenneth A. Roe]]: Director; Chairman and President of Burns & Roe, Inc., involved in major projects like the [[United States of America|U.S.A.]] Fast Breeder Nuclear Reactor Plant.[1]
+*   [[Frances T. Fox]]: Vice President and Director; former General Manager of L.A. International Airport and Director of Aviation for Howard Hughes Nevada operations (now Summa Corporation).[1]
+*   [[Clint W. Murchison, Jr.]]: Director; owner of the Dallas Cowboys NFL football team, with family ties to powerful political and organized crime figures.[1]
+*   [[William M. Pender]]: Director and Senior Vice President; licensed contractor in California.[1]
+*   [[Glen R. Shockley]]: Director; consultant to Fortune 500 Companies and international financial consultant.[1]
+
+### Activities and Allegations
+
+[[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]] was reportedly used as a [[National Security Council|NSC]] cutout in [[Lebanon]] to arrange the release of a prisoner. Letters from the summer of 1983 between [[Michael A. McManus]] and [[George K. Pender]] confirmed [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]]'s role in [[Lebanon]]. A follow-up letter from [[George K. Pender]] to [[Amin Gamayel]], the president of [[Lebanon]], indicated that transactions could be telexed to [[Robert Booth Nichols]]' address. The Arab Bank Limited in Amman, [[Jordan]], responded positively to a potential financial transaction of "US$ three billion or more" for the reconstruction of [[Lebanon]], though it is unlikely such reconstruction ever fully materialized.[^1]
+
+[[Michael Riconosciuto]] claimed that [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]] was a [[National Security Council|NSC]] corporate cutout and that he was a technical advisor for the organization. He also stated that [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]] had a companion company called Euramae Trading, which operated throughout the Middle East and was involved in the drug trade, allegedly as a [[National Security Council|NSC]]-directed operation.[^1]
+
+[[Robert Booth Nichols]] used [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]] to verify his credibility in proposed arms projects, including the construction of an R&D facility for weapons systems on the [[Cabazon Indian Reservation]].[[Michael Riconosciuto]] also claimed that [[Robert Booth Nichols]] was involved in illicit activities through [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]], including attempting to take embargoed technology out of the [[United States]].[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+The [[Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International|FGBMFI]] is an influential organization with a history of strong military connections and wide-ranging effects on foreign policy, particularly in Central [[America]] under the [[Ronald Reagan]] administration. Prominent right-wing activists, such as [[Joseph Coors]] (Heritage Foundation) and [[Sanford McDonnell]] (McDonnell Douglas Corporation), were members of FGBMFI.[^1]
+
+### Political and Military Influence
+
+[[Ronald Reagan]] had close ties with FGBMFI. In 1970, five FGBMFI members, including [[Pat Boone]] and [[Shirley Boone]], [[Harold Bredesen]], and [[George Otis]], prayed with then-California Governor Reagan at his home in Sacramento. [[George Otis]], a former Lear executive, reportedly spoke in the voice of God, comparing Reagan to a king and prophesying that Reagan would "reside at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue" if he continued to walk in God's way. Reagan reportedly took the prophecy very seriously. A Reagan Aide who later worked on [[Pat Robertson]]'s presidential campaign invited [[Nita Scoggan]], the wife of an FGBMFI member, to form a prayer group in the [[White House]]. [[Oliver North]] reportedly attended these prayer meetings.[^1]
+
+Since 1964, FGBMFI held regular military prayer meetings in the Washington D.C. area, with three chapters, including one in the Navy Officers' Club. The Secretary of Defense even arranged for two prayer rooms to be built in the [[Pentagon]]. A 1986 FGBMFI brochure listed over a dozen military names, including the Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Army, and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force.[^1]
+
+In Central [[America]], President [[Ronald Reagan]] supported [[General Ríos Montt]], a Pentecostal "true believer," who became president of [[Guatemala]] in an army coup in March 1982. Montt was aided and supported by Full Gospel businessman [[John Carrette]], a former Army Ranger in [[Vietnam]]. According to Carrette, the then-presidents of [[Guatemala]], [[El Salvador]], and [[Honduras]] were all Full Gospel.[^1]
+
+### Connections to Jimmy Hughes and the Honduras Coup
+
+[[Jimmy Hughes]] joined FGBMFI in 1987 and subsequently founded Jimmy Hughes Ministries – Free the Oppressed in [[Honduras]]. He openly admitted his past as a "Mafia hit-man" on the FGBMFI website. [[John Carrette]] "god-fathered" Hughes into the Fellowship and helped set him up in [[Honduras]].[^1]
+
+Hughes was a high-standing member of FGBMFI and a keynote speaker at a dinner event in Fresno, [[California]], in February 2008, alongside [[General Daniel Lopez Carballo]] of [[Honduras]]. Hughes, [[General Daniel Lopez Carballo]], and [[Romeo Vásquez Velásquez]] were all members of FGBMFI. Hughes was allegedly involved in the planning of the [[Honduras coup]] in June 2009, which ousted President [[Manuel Zelaya]]. The interim de-facto president of [[Honduras]], [[Roberto Micheletti]], was placed in office by coup leaders [[General Daniel Lopez Carballo]] and [[Romeo Vásquez Velásquez]], both friends of Hughes and members of FGBMFI.[^1]
+
+---
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Gambino Crime Family.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+The [[Gambino Crime Family]] is a prominent [[La Cosa Nostra]] crime family that was reportedly involved in the alleged organized crime penetration of [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]]. Members of the Gambino family were specifically related to the [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] investigation, with many reportedly picked up in [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] wiretaps.[1]
+
+[[Marvin Rudnick]], [[Thomas Gates]], and [[Richard Stavin]] all believed [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] had been penetrated by organized crime, based on these wiretaps. The wiretaps also indicated that [[Eugene Giaquinto]], then president of [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] home entertainment division, enjoyed a special relationship with [[John Gotti]], a well-known figure associated with the Gambino Crime Family.[1]
+
+[[Bill Hamilton]], president of [[INSLAW]], believed that the [[Wackenhut Corporation]]-[[Cabazon Indian Reservation]] Joint Venture was connected to government-sanctioned drug trafficking and money laundering by organized crime groups like the Gambino Family, with [[Michael Riconosciuto]]'s role being to help these groups utilize the [[National Security Agency|NSA]]'s bank surveillance version of [[PROMIS]] to launder drug proceeds.[1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+[1] Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Gamma Corporation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - USA
+---
+[[Gamma Corporation]], also referred to as Gamma of [[Massachusetts]], was a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] "cut-out" company in the [[USA|U.S.]]. It was involved in supplying components for chemical weapons to [[Carlos Cardoen]]. Specifically, [[Gamma Corporation]] sold fuses for cluster bombs to Cardoen, which were then used in his operations, including those supplying [[Iraq]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")
+

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Genovese Crime Family.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+The [[Genovese Crime Family]] is a prominent [[La Cosa Nostra]] crime family. [[Gerardo Catena]], a chief lieutenant to the Genovese Crime Family, owned almost 20 percent of the Murchison Oil Lease Company in Oklahoma.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Hadron.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+aliases: []
+tags:
+  - Organization
+---
+Hadron, Inc. was a company that became central to [[Inslaw Corporation|Inslaw]]'s allegations of a high-level conspiracy to steal its [[PROMIS]] software and destroy [[INSLAW]]. [[Earl Brian]] had both a direct and indirect financial interest in Hadron. Inslaw alleged that the purpose of this conspiracy was to force Inslaw into liquidation so that Hadron could buy Inslaw's assets, after which the [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]] would award Hadron a "massive sweetheart contract."[^1]
+
+Inslaw's conspiracy theory evolved over time, with later claims suggesting that DOJ employees delivered copies of Inslaw's proprietary software to Brian and Hadron before Inslaw's bankruptcy. These allegations posited that Brian was involved in various covert intelligence operations, and that DOJ officials gave Brian and Hadron copies of PROMIS to reward Brian for his role in the alleged "[[October Surprise]]" conspiracy.[^1]
+
+Key allegations involving Hadron include:
+
+*   **Dominic Laiti's Alleged Call:** [[Bill Hamilton]] claimed that [[Dominic Laiti]], Chairman of Hadron, called him in April 1983, stating that Hadron needed PROMIS for federal government contracts and intended to become a leading vendor of law enforcement software. Laiti allegedly threatened, "We have ways of making you sell." Laiti denied making these statements, and the Special Counsel's investigation found his denial credible, concluding no evidence supported Hamilton's claim.[^1]
+
+*   **1983 New York Fundraising Trip:** Hamilton alleged that a 1983 Hadron fundraising trip to New York, involving Laiti, [[Paul Wormeli]], and [[Earl Brian]], was to raise capital to buy PROMIS. Laiti, Wormeli, and [[Marilyn Titus]] (Wormeli's secretary) all denied this, stating the trip was to raise capital for Simeon, a Hadron subsidiary, and had nothing to do with acquiring Inslaw or PROMIS. The Special Counsel's investigation found no evidence to support Hamilton's thesis.[^1]
+
+*   **Edward Hurley's Overtures:** Hamilton claimed that [[Edward Hurley]], a Hadron Vice President, stated in June 1985 that Hadron wanted to acquire Inslaw's "court software." While Theresa Bousquin, an Inslaw employee, confirmed Hurley's general interest in Inslaw's software, she stated his remark was made in passing and did not indicate an active effort by Hadron to acquire Inslaw. The Special Counsel's investigation found Hamilton's claim inaccurate.[^1]
+
+*   **Accumenics Contract Award:** Hamilton alleged that [[James L. Byrnes]], a Deputy Assistant Attorney General with ties to [[Edwin Meese]], spearheaded a $40 million computer services contract award to a Hadron subsidiary (Accumenics) in October 1987. Byrnes denied any knowledge of such a contract or any contact with Hadron or its subsidiaries. The Special Counsel's investigation found no evidence to support this allegation.[^1]
+
+*   **Peter Videnieks Connection:** Inslaw alleged a connection between DOJ's contracting officer, [[Peter Videnieks]], and Hadron, claiming Videnieks was the contracting officer for two Customs Service contracts with Hadron. While [[John Schoolmeister]] suggested a possible meeting between Videnieks and Laiti, Videnieks denied ever being the contracting officer for any Hadron contract or meeting Hadron management. The Special Counsel's investigation found no evidence of a conspiracy, concluding any connection was tenuous and insignificant.[^1]
+
+*   **Attempted Purchase of Inslaw by SCT:** Hamilton alleged that [[Systems and Computer Technology, Inc.|SCT]]'s 1986 attempt to purchase Inslaw was encouraged by DOJ officials and indirectly linked to Brian. The Special Counsel's investigation found no evidence to support these claims, noting that SCT's contacts with DOJ were for due diligence and that there was no apparent reason for Brian or Hadron to control Inslaw at that time.[^1]
+
+*   **Lois Battistoni's Allegations:** [[Lois Battistoni]] claimed an unnamed DOJ employee told her Hadron was connected to a top DOJ official and was chosen to take over Inslaw's business. The Special Counsel's investigation found Battistoni's information unreliable and biased, with no corroboration for her claims.[^1]
+
+Investigations by the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations and the Special Counsel found no credible evidence to support the allegations of a conspiracy involving Hadron, Earl Brian, and the DOJ to steal PROMIS or destroy Inslaw. The overwhelming weight of the evidence indicated no connection between Hadron and anything related to Inslaw or PROMIS software. The Special Counsel's report concluded that the individuals claiming direct knowledge of this conspiracy were "unworthy of belief" and contradicted by credible evidence.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993. (Hereafter, "Bua Report")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Histadrut.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Labor Union
+  - Israel
+---
+Histadrut, also known as the General Organization of Workers in [[Israel]], is a powerful federation of labor unions that historically controlled a large segment of Israeli industry. [[Pinhas Lavon]] served as its head. The organization played a significant role in Israeli politics, particularly during the [[Lavon Affair]], where its internal disputes and the leaking of allegations to the press broke cardinal rules of Israeli politics.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 3, 9.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Honeywell.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Technology
+  - USA
+---
+[[Honeywell]] is a multinational conglomerate. Its [[Israel|Israeli]] franchise, [[Medan Computers Ltd.]], was involved in the implementation of the [[PROMIS]] software in [[Guatemala]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/IBM.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+created: 2024-05-11
+updated: 2024-05-11
+title: IBM
+tags:
+  - IBM
+  - technology
+  - history
+description: IBM, founded in 1911, is a multinational tech company specializing in computers and computing technologies. Known for inventing the relational database in 1969, it provided mainframe and minicomputers during the 1960s-70s, used by organizations and governments worldwide.
+---
+> [!INFO] THIS IS NOT WIKIPEDIA
+> This page is not all encompassing. The company is obviously much larger and deserving more detail than the scope of this page. Consequently, only general information and details relevant to other research thrusts are included.
+
+International Business Machines, or IBM as it’s commonly known, is a multinational tech and research company headquartered in Armonk, New York. It was founded in 1911. The company specializes in computers and computing technologies and has close ties with governments around the world (most infamously with Nazi Germany as part of the Holocaust).
+
+In 1969, IBM invented the [[Relational Database|relational database]]. During the 1960’s and 70’s, IBM was a major provider of mainframe and later minicomputers. These large, powerful (for the time), and expensive machines were used by organizations like the [[LEAA]] or countries like [[Canada]] to run software including [[PROMIS]].
+
+Richard L. Garwin, a prominent scientist, was associated with IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center. He was a member of an ad hoc panel of distinguished scientists tasked with studying the VELA data related to a probable nuclear explosion in the South Indian Ocean in 1979. Garwin was known for his independence as a government consultant.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 11.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/INSLAW.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+[[INSLAW|Inslaw Corporation]] is a software company that developed the [[PROMIS]] (Prosecutor's Management Information System) software in the early 1980s. The company was owned by [[Bill Hamilton]] and [[Nancy Hamilton]].[3]
+
+Inslaw became central to a major scandal when it sued the [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]] for alleged non-payment on a version of PROMIS called Modification 12, and for allegedly pirating and modifying the software for sale to foreign governments, including [[Israel]] and [[Canada]].[3]
+
+[[Michael Riconosciuto]] claimed to have installed a "back door" in the PROMIS software, which was then allegedly made available by [[Earl Brian]] through [[Wackenhut Corporation]] after acquiring it from [[Peter Videnieks]], a [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] contracting official.[3]
+
+The [[PROMIS Software Scandal]] became a significant focus of investigative journalist [[Danny Casolaro]]'s work, who believed it was connected to a larger network he termed "[[The Octopus]]."[3]
+
+> [!WARNING] INCOMPLETE RESEARCH
+> This page is a placeholder and requires extensive additions.
+
+The Institute for Law and Social Research (INSLAW) started as a non-profit think tank and research group founded by former [[NSA]] analyst [[Bill Hamilton]] and his wife [[Nancy Hamilton]] in XXXX year in Washington, DC. It was located at 1025 Fifteenth St, NW, Washington DC 20005.
+
+## PROMIS
+
+> [!TODO] TODO
+> Brief [[PROMIS]] summary
+
+### PROMIS RESEARCH PROJECT
+
+> [!TODO] TODO
+> Need to research exactly what this was, who funded it, who was in charge, etc. All we know currently is the 17+ papers published and possibly team leaders.
+
+74-NI -99-0008-G - [[PROMIS Research Project|PROMIS Research]] (Institute for Law and Social Research, Washington, D.C.; William A. Hamilton, Project Director). The Prosecutor's Management Information System (PROMIS) collects detailed statistical data on every case prosecuted or considered for prosecution in the D.C. Superior Court. Based on this data, the project will diagnose problems and develop recommended changes in police and prosecution management policies, procedures and decision-making.
+### JIS
+ > [!TODO] TODO
+> Need to summarize the [[JIS|Jail Information System]][^1]
+
+## DOJ
+
+> [!TODO] TODO
+> Need to find [[U.S. Department of Justice]] contract with INSLAW and flesh out details.
+
+## Bankruptcy
+> [!TODO] TODO
+> Need to go through the bankruptcy court case and fully update [[Inslaw, Inc., et al. v. The United States]], etc
+
+
+## FBI
+
+In mid-1979, the [[FBI]] sought approval from Congress for acquisition of a new front-end processor (also known as a communications controller), a device that controls and manages the flow of messages into and out of the computer. In order to evaluate this request, the Senate Judiciary Committee asked both the [[OTA|Office of Technology Assessment]] (OTA) and the Institute for Law and Social Research (INSLAW) for an outside analysis.[^2]
+
+#### Footnotes
+[^1]: https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/83078NCJRS.pdf
+[^2]: https://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk3/1982/8203/820308.PDF
+[^3]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/ITICO.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - USA
+---
+[[ITICO]] (Integrated Technologies International Co.) was a company that served as a cover for [[Alan Sanders]], who had links to the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]. Through [[ITICO]], Sanders was involved in supplying technology for cluster bombs to [[Carlos Cardoen]] in the form of blueprints, despite a [[United Nations]] arms embargo against [[Chile]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Institute for Advanced Studies.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Academic
+  - USA
+---
+The Institute for Advanced Studies is a prestigious academic institution in Princeton, New Jersey. [[Lewis L. Strauss]] was a major contributor and fundraiser for the institute, and served on its board of trustees during World War II. In the fall of 1966, Strauss used his influence to get [[Ernst David Bergmann]] a two-month appointment as a visiting fellow at the institute, despite its usual focus on physicists and mathematicians.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 7.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Institute of Noetic Science.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Institute of Noetic Science
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - research
+  - science
+description: The Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS) is an American nonprofit parapsychological research institute.
+---
+
+The [[Institute of Noetic Science]] (IONS) is an American nonprofit parapsychological research institute. It was founded by former Apollo 14 astronaut [[Edgar Mitchell]], a known psi enthusiast. In the context of the *Remote Viewers* narrative, the Institute provided a grant that funded [[Andrija Puharich]]'s efforts to bring [[Uri Geller]] to America in 1972 for scientific testing at [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]].[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Israel Bond Organization.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Finance
+  - Israel
+---
+The Israel Bond Organization is a financial institution that raises funds for the State of [[Israel]] through the sale of Israel Bonds. [[Abraham Feinberg]] publicly served as its president, while privately helping to raise millions of dollars needed to build the controversial [[Dimona]] reactor and reprocessing plant. This allowed the expanding and expensive operations at [[Dimona]] to be financed outside of the normal Israeli budget process, circumventing critics of the nuclear program.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 8.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Israel Chemicals Company.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Israel
+---
+The Israel Chemicals Company is the largest state-owned enterprise in [[Israel]]. [[Rafael Eitan]] was subsequently named to a high administrative position with this company, an appointment authorized by [[Ariel Sharon]], who had been named minister of trade and industry in 1984. This occurred after Eitan was tarnished by the [[Jonathan Pollard]] scandal.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 21.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Joel Silver Productions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[[Joel Silver Productions]] is a film production company. [[Garby Leon]] was the Director of Development at Joel Silver Productions at Warner Brothers Studios in Burbank, [[California]]. While at Joel Silver Productions, Garby developed movies such as *The Matrix* (with [[Larry Wachowski]] and [[Andy Wachowski]]), *Exit Wounds* (with [[Chris Bertolini]]), and *Lethal Weapon IV*. He also oversaw a slate of over seventy projects, including *The Manchurian Candidate* in association with [[Tina Sinatra]].[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/John Curtin Foundation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Australia
+---
+The [[John Curtin Foundation]] was an organization in [[Australia]] whose funds were guarded by [[Alan Bond]]. In February 1987, a contribution from the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] was made to the West Australian Labor Party, involving [[Richard Babayan]] and [[Earl Brian]] acting on behalf of [[Hadron]]. This money was passed on by one of [[Robert Maxwell|Maxwell's]] companies in [[Australia]] to be held by the [[Pergamon Press Trust Fund]] in [[Moscow]], with [[Alan Bond]] receiving the check in his role as the guardian of the [[John Curtin Foundation]] funds.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-23
+updated: 2025-07-23
+title: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - research
+  - academic
+  - military
+description: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) is a not-for-profit university-affiliated research center that serves as a technical resource for the U.S. government.
+---
+
+The [[Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory]] (APL) is a not-for-profit university-affiliated research center that serves as a technical resource for the U.S. government. In the context of the *Phenomena* text, APL scientists were assigned to oversee [[Project Pandora]], a classified program aimed at duplicating the effects of the [[Moscow Signal]] and studying the biological effects of microwave radiation.[^1]
+
+APL conducted experiments where primates were irradiated with microwave beams similar to the Moscow Signal. Later, the [[State Department]] funded a $1 million study by the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, which found "no convincing evidence" that any employees suffered "adverse health effects" from the Moscow Signal, a finding that was controversial given the concerns raised by scientists like [[Richard S. Cesaro]] and [[Allan H. Frey]].[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Lockheed Aircraft Company.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Aerospace
+  - USA
+---
+The [[Lockheed Aircraft Company]] is an [[USA|American]] aerospace manufacturer that developed advanced military aircraft and became involved in a bribe scandal affecting [[Israel|Israeli]] politics.
+
+### U-2 Spy Plane Development
+
+Lockheed built the revolutionary [[U-2 Spy Plane]] under cover in Burbank, California. This aircraft was capable of flying and gliding for almost eleven hours at heights greater than 65,000 feet, covering more than five thousand miles, while utilizing only one thousand gallons of fuel. Special lenses, cameras, and thin film were developed for the U-2, enabling it to photograph a path from [[Moscow]] to [[Tashkent]] in one take.[^2]
+
+### Israeli Bribery Scandal
+
+In 1976, a telegram intercepted by [[Unit 8200]] revealed details of bribes paid by a [[Lockheed Aircraft Company|Lockheed]] representative in [[Israel]] to Defense Minister [[Shimon Peres]]. The sum involved was $3.5 million, deposited in one of [[Shimon Peres|Peres's]] brother's business accounts in [[Europe]]. This information, discovered by [[Ari Ben-Menashe]], was subsequently covered up by [[Israel|Israeli]] military intelligence superiors, including [[Yoel Ben-Porat|Col. Ben-Porat]] and [[Sasson Yishaek|Lt. Col. Yishaek]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. _Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network_. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War") 
+[^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. _The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy_. Random House, 1991. Chapter 4.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Management Science For Health.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[[Management Science For Health|MSH]] was a group associated with certain factions of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]. They were involved in a "turf battle problem" with [[Ralph Olberg]] and [[Tim Osman]] regarding the representation of the [[Mujahideen]] leadership in [[Afghanistan]]. MSH argued that Olberg and Osman's group did not truly represent the full leadership of the Mujahideen.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Massachusetts Institute of Technology.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Academic
+  - USA
+---
+The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a prestigious research university in [[Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]]. [[Jack P. Ruina]] was a professor of electrical engineering at MIT and a director of its Defense and Arms Control Studies Program. In late 1979, Ruina was involved in the preparation of a federally funded MIT report that assessed the foreign availability of critical components for the assembly of short-range ballistic missiles.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 20.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Medan Computers Ltd..md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Technology
+  - Israel
+---
+[[Medan Computers Ltd.]] was the [[Israel|Israeli]] franchise of [[Honeywell]]. All its technicians were [[Israel Defense Forces|military intelligence]] reservists and computer experts. They were involved in the implementation of the [[PROMIS]] software in [[Guatemala]].[^1]
+
+While the technicians at [[Medan Computers Ltd.]] were aware of the [[PROMIS]] program, they were not informed about the "trap door" functionality. When [[Medan Computers Ltd.]] pointed out that their computers would not be suitable for the [[PROMIS]] implementation in [[Guatemala]], they were arranged to act as brokers for [[IBM]] equipment in [[Guatemala]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Meridian International Logistics.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[[Meridian International Logistics|MIL]] was a holding company associated with [[Robert Booth Nichols]], who was a principal in the organization. It was under investigation by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] as a suspected "source of funding for the purchasing of narcotics/controlled substances and the allocation and use of the proceeds from its trafficking."[1]
+
+Reportedly, [[Meridian International Logistics|MIL]] functioned as a [[National Security Council|NSC]] cutout, used for the purpose of "funneling money to pay the board of directors." A friend of Nichols, who was once on the board, explained that the [[National Security Council|NSC]] operates as a "profit-making entity" with unlimited funding and no accountability due to national security considerations. This individual further stated that all covert business conducted at that time related to "money and/or drugs," with drugs serving as international currency, often referred to as "gold," due to the high market demand and profitability.[1]
+
+[[Eugene Giaquinto]], then president of [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] home entertainment division, was a board member of [[Meridian International Logistics|MIL]]. Both Giaquinto and Nichols reportedly maintained a close working relationship with the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]], according to wiretaps.[1]
+
+[[Michael Riconosciuto]] was also associated with [[Meridian International Logistics|MIL]], serving as Vice President of Meridian Arms, a subsidiary of [[Meridian International Logistics|MIL]]. He claimed that [[Robert Booth Nichols]] was under [[Harold Okimoto]] from the Hawaiian Islands, who was represented as an intelligence person and had worked under [[Frank Carlucci]] for years.[1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+[1] Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Monroe Institute.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Monroe Institute
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - research
+  - consciousness
+description: The Monroe Institute is a non-profit organization dedicated to the exploration of human consciousness, known for its Hemi-Sync audio technology.
+---
+
+The [[Monroe Institute]] is a non-profit organization dedicated to the exploration of human consciousness, known for its Hemi-Sync audio technology. It was founded by [[Robert Monroe]]. In the context of the *Remote Viewers* narrative, [[Frederick Atwater|Skip Atwater]] became the director of research for the Institute after retiring from the [[U.S. Army]], and later served as its president. The Institute is mentioned as a place where Atwater continued his work in consciousness research, building upon his experiences with remote viewing.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Music Corporation of America.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] was a major entertainment corporation that became entangled in investigations related to organized crime and the broader network that [[Danny Casolaro]] termed "[[The Octopus]]."
+
+### Organized Crime Allegations
+
+[[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] was the subject of a [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] wiretap investigation supervised by [[United States Attorney|U.S. Attorney]] [[Marvin Rudnick]] and later by [[Richard Stavin]], a member of the Organized Crime Strike Force. These investigations, which also involved [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] agent [[Thomas Gates]], led them to believe that [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] had been penetrated by organized crime. Specifically, the wiretaps recorded communications between [[Robert Booth Nichols]] and [[Eugene Giaquinto]], then president of [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] home entertainment division. Giaquinto was also a board member of Nichols' holding company, [[Meridian International Logistics|MIL]], which was under [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] investigation as a source of funding for narcotics and the allocation of drug trafficking proceeds.[1]
+
+The intercepted conversations reportedly revealed connections to [[La Cosa Nostra]], including members of the [[Gambino Crime Family]] and [[Bufalino Crime Family]]. The wiretap application itself stated that the purpose of the interceptions was to determine the "source, type and quantity of narcotics/controlled substances, methods and means of delivery, and the source of funding for purchasing of narcotics/controlled substances." It was also apparent from the intercepted conversations that [[Eugene Giaquinto]] had a special relationship with [[John Gotti]].[1]
+
+### Leveraged Buyout and Investigation Shutdown
+
+At the time of these investigations, [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] was being offered in a leveraged buyout to Japanese interests. An [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] investigation could have jeopardized this sale. Consequently, the wiretaps were sealed by the [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]], and no prosecutions were pursued. The Los Angeles Organized Crime Strike Force was disbanded, [[Richard Stavin]] resigned, and [[Thomas Gates]] closed the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] investigation. The Japanese ultimately purchased [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] in what was reported as the largest corporate sale in U.S. history at the time.[1]
+
+[[Marvin Rudnick]], who lost his job for refusing to drop the investigation, later had part of his story told in the 1993 book *Stiffed: A True Story of MCA, The Music Business, and the Mafia* by William Knoedelseder.[1]
+
+### Connection to "The Octopus"
+
+[[Danny Casolaro]]'s investigation into "[[The Octopus]]" included [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]], and he was reportedly told by [[Robert Booth Nichols]] about the leveraged buyout. [[Dan Moldea]], in his 1986 book *Dark Victory: Ronald Reagan, MCA, and the Mob*, had previously labeled [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] as "[[The Octopus]]," a term that likely inspired Casolaro's own use of the phrase.[1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+[1] Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/New York University.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Academic
+  - USA
+---
+New York University is a private research university in [[New York City]]. [[Aviem Sella]] had almost completed his requirement for a Ph.D. in computer science at New York University by 1984, when he was approached to handle [[Jonathan Pollard]]. His technical training was seen as an asset in evaluating and winnowing down Pollard's materials.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 21.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Nuclear
+  - Private
+  - USA
+---
+Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation (NUMEC) was a privately owned nuclear enriching plant in [[Apollo]], [[Pennsylvania]], owned by [[Zalman Mordecai Shapiro]]. It was suspected by the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] and others of having smuggled more than two hundred pounds of weapons-grade uranium to [[Israel]], enough for four bombs. This alleged diversion was a major factor in [[Carl E. Duckett]]'s [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] estimates of [[Israel]]'s nuclear arsenal.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 14, 18.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Nugan Hand Bank.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[[Nugan Hand Bank]] was an [[Australia|Australian]] bank co-founded by [[Michael Hand]] and [[Frank Nugan]], along with officials of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]-owned Air America. It was described as a primary CIA operation in the Pacific area.[^1]
+
+The bank reportedly laundered profits from drug trafficking in the [[Golden Triangle]]. These laundered profits, in in turn, financed subversive paramilitary activities in Southeast [[Asia]]. The bank collapsed in 1980, $5 billion in debt, and [[Michael Hand]] subsequently disappeared.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Ocho Group.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Media
+  - Peru
+---
+The [[Ocho Group]] was a chain of five small newspapers in [[Peru]]. [[Abimael Guzmán Reynoso]], the leader of the [[Shining Path]], requested that [[Israel]] purchase this newspaper chain on the movement's behalf as part of a deal to secure rare minerals for [[Israel|Israel's]] nuclear program.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Odyssey Systems.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+May 1997, Odyssey is founded in the Boston area by Michael Sweat and Michael Prisco to support the Air Force Electronic Systems Center (ESC).
+
+August 2015, Odyssey opens offices in Ft. Walton Beach, Florida, Dayton, Ohio, and Warner Robbins, Georgia.
+
+In March 2016, Odyssey expands into medical administration and research roles supporting the Dayton, Ohio Naval Medical Research Unit (Aeromedicine). In August 2016 they are supporting all acquisition activities of the Navy’s Health Research Center (San Diego, California). By March 2017, Odyssey wins contract to support the Army’s Walter Reed Hospital with brain trauma research.
+
+The work in Ohio was reaffirmed in March 2021 when Odyssey, the incumbent contractor, was awarded a contract to provide R&D non-personal administrative support services to Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton ([[NAMRU-D]]) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. NAMRU-D conducts aerospace medical and environmental health effects research to enhance warfighter health, safety, performance, and readiness. Similarly, the San Diego NHRC contract was renewed in August 2021.
+
+In September 2021, Odyssey was awarded a 5-year contract to provide research support services to the Clinical Investigation Department (CID) at the Navy Medical Center, Portsmouth (NMCP) Virginia, and Naval Hospital Jacksonville (NHJAX), Florida. Our qualified research staff support Principal Investigators with human- and animal-use research protocol development and data collection.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Palo Alto Medical Clinic.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Palo Alto Medical Clinic
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - medical
+description: The Palo Alto Medical Clinic oversaw medical and psychological evaluations for psychic subjects in the SRI remote viewing program.
+---
+
+The [[Palo Alto Medical Clinic]] oversaw the medical and psychological evaluations for psychic subjects in the [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI) remote viewing program. These evaluations, which included a wide range of tests from blood work and EEGs to various psychological inventories, were designed to identify any neurophysiological or personality features that correlated with psychic abilities. The aim was to understand how psi worked, how it could be enhanced, and to develop screening tools for selecting psychics from the general population.[^1]
+
+[[Pat Price]], [[Ingo Swann]], and other subjects underwent these extensive evaluations. Despite the comprehensive testing, no clear profile emerged for what made a good psychic, though hints suggested that talented psychics might be intuitive, non-judgmental, emotionally sensitive, and highly intelligent, with a proneness to altered states and EEG "asynchronicities."[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Parapsychological Association.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Parapsychological Association
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - parapsychology
+  - research
+description: The Parapsychological Association is an international professional organization of scientists and scholars engaged in the study of parapsychology.
+---
+
+The [[Parapsychological Association]] is an international professional organization of scientists and scholars engaged in the study of [[Parapsychology]]. In 1969, after a rousing conference speech by the anthropologist [[Margaret Mead]], the American Association for the Advancement of Science voted to admit the Parapsychological Association to its ranks of approved disciplines. Her support helped lend a degree of legitimacy to the field of parapsychology, which had long struggled for scientific acceptance.[^1]
+
+Despite this recognition, the field of parapsychology, and the Association, continued to face an "informal system of scientific apartheid." Parapsychologists were officially allowed to call themselves scientists but were largely kept out of the mainstream scientific community, often ignored and forced to rely on private funding and publish in their own specialized journals. This was largely due to the fact that their work, while statistically significant, often lacked tangible, real-world applications that could convince skeptics. The [[Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory]] is an example of a research institution whose work contributed to the field of parapsychology.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+> [!WARNING] INCOMPLETE RESEARCH
+> This page is a placeholder and requires extensive additions.
+
+Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co was an accounting and consulting firm that eventually became Peat Marwick International in 1978. In 1986 PMI merged with KMG to form KPMG.
+
+In the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, PMMC (also referred to as PMM, PM&M, and PMM&C in various documents) was developing several computerized systems for various parts of the federal government including the Department of Defense[^2], Department of Transportation, Small Business Administration, and the [[LEAA]].
+
+By 1972, the LEAA had paid PM&M $667,400[^1] in various grants. This includes the initial version of [[PROMIS]] which the firm began designing for the [[U.S. Attorney's office]] in 1969 under project manager [[Bill Hamilton]] (fresh from the NSA) with an initial $60,000 grant from the [[Office of Crime Analysis of the District of Columbia]] (through LEAA).
+
+PMMC would receive further grants after the system went live in 1971 to create training and technical manuals and documentation to help other departments transfer to the system.
+
+By the mid 1970’s, PMMC had over 25,000 US clients and more than 300 offices in 50 countries (the largest accounting firm worldwide). 21,000 employees and 1,400 partners across the global conglomerate. 9,300 of these employees were in the US with 65 percent of revenue coming from audit, 20% tax, and 15% consulting.
+
+---
+#### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: [Intermediate Report of the Committee on Government Operations—Google Books](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Intermediate_Report_of_the_Committee_on/gZ_QAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Peat,+Marwick,+Mitchell+%26+Co+computer+management&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover)
+[^2]: [US House Appropriations Hearings 1971—Google Books](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hearings/waO9U5M2a6oC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Peat,%20Marwick)

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Pergamon Press Trust Fund.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Finance
+---
+The [[Pergamon Press Trust Fund]] was a financial entity in [[Moscow]] that held funds related to covert operations. In February 1987, a contribution from the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] was made to the West Australian Labor Party, involving [[Richard Babayan]] and [[Earl Brian]] acting on behalf of [[Hadron]]. This money was passed on by one of [[Robert Maxwell|Maxwell's]] companies in [[Australia]] to be held by the [[Pergamon Press Trust Fund]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Education
+  - USA
+---
+The Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn is an educational institution in the [[United States]]. In 1940, [[Herman F. Mark]] was running a laboratory there, and two years later he became dean of faculty, turning the institute into a haven for Jewish refugees, including [[Chaim Weizmann]] and [[Ernst David Bergmann]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 2.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Radio Cairo.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Media
+  - Egypt
+---
+[[Radio Cairo]] is an [[Egypt|Egyptian]] radio station. It announced the death of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] from a heart attack, twenty minutes after [[Uri Geller]] purportedly predicted it during a [[Telepathy|telepathy]] demonstration in [[Tel Aviv]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Rand Corporation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Rand Corporation
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - thinktank
+  - research
+description: The Rand Corporation is an American nonprofit global policy think tank.
+---
+
+The [[Rand Corporation]] is an American nonprofit global policy think tank. In the context of the *Remote Viewers* narrative, it is mentioned as being larger and more prestigious than [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]] among scientific think tanks in the early 1970s.[^1]
+
+Rand Corporation is also mentioned in relation to the early rumors of a telepathy project involving the USS Nautilus, though this was later debunked as a fabrication or disinformation ploy.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Round Table Foundation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-23
+updated: 2025-07-23
+title: Round Table Foundation
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - research
+  - private
+description: The Round Table Foundation was a research facility founded by Andrija Puharich in Maine, dedicated to the study of psychic phenomena.
+---
+
+The [[Round Table Foundation]] was a research facility founded by [[Andrija Puharich]] in Glen Cove, Maine, in the late 1940s. It was dedicated to the study of [[Parapsychology|psi]] phenomena, particularly [[ESP]] and [[Psychokinesis]], and was funded by a group of wealthy patrons interested in the paranormal, including [[Alice Astor Bouverie]] and [[Marcella Miller du Pont]].[^1]
+
+The foundation was housed in a 45-room mansion called the Warrenton Estate, and it was here that Puharich conducted his early research, including experiments with psychics like [[Eileen Garrett]] in a [[Faraday cage]]. The foundation also explored other areas of research, such as audio waves and human hearing.[^1]
+
+The Round Table Foundation attracted the attention of the U.S. government, and Puharich was eventually called back into military service. The foundation's work, though often blending science with mysticism, played a role in the early history of U.S. government interest in psychic phenomena.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/SCT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+aliases: []
+tags:
+  - Organization
+---
+Systems and Computer Technology, Inc. ("SCT") was a company involved in an alleged attempt to purchase [[Inslaw Corporation|Inslaw]] in early 1986. [[Bill Hamilton]]'s affidavit described this as a "hostile" effort, alleging that in "late 1985" [[United States Department of Justice|DOJ]] officials met with SCT representatives to "encourage" the SCT takeover of [[INSLAW]]. Hamilton also suggested an indirect link between [[Earl Brian]] and SCT, claiming that the investment firm [[Allen and Company]] bought 7.8% of SCT stock on behalf of an unnamed third party, and that one of the law firms that worked for Earl Brian also worked for SCT.[^1]
+
+The Special Counsel's investigation found little evidence to support these allegations. It noted that by late 1985, Inslaw's implementation contract with the DOJ was terminated, and the DOJ was beginning to self-install [[PROMIS]]. Furthermore, Inslaw claimed that by 1985, Earl Brian had already obtained enhanced PROMIS and was selling it globally, which would negate any apparent reason for Brian or Hadron to attempt to control Inslaw through SCT in 1986. The investigation interviewed SCT officers and employees involved in the effort to purchase Inslaw, who stated that they approached Hamilton about a possible purchase, and he was initially receptive but later rejected the offer. They also confirmed that their only contacts with DOJ officials occurred during their due diligence, to understand Inslaw's disputes with the DOJ and the possibility of Inslaw obtaining additional contract work if SCT purchased Inslaw. None of the SCT employees had any knowledge of a DOJ effort to encourage the purchase or any connection between Earl Brian and SCT. The Special Counsel concluded that none of the evidence supported the allegation that the DOJ encouraged SCT to buy Inslaw, or that Earl Brian had any connection to the SCT effort.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993. (Hereafter, "Bua Report")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Saint-Gobain Techniques Nouvelles.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - France
+---
+Saint-Gobain Techniques Nouvelles (SGN) is a large French chemical company. It was granted a contract to build a chemical reprocessing plant on the grounds at Marcoule, [[France]]. This plant was a critical element in the making of a nuclear bomb, as it separated weapons-grade plutonium from irradiated uranium fuel.[^1]
+
+[[Ernst David Bergmann]]'s men were able to contribute to the development of this technology. Israeli scientists were the only foreigners allowed access throughout the secret French nuclear complex at Marcoule, and were said to be able to roam "at will." One reason for this carte blanche was the brilliance of the Israeli scientists and their expertise in computer technology, on which the French would remain dependent for the next decade.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 2.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Science Applications International Corporation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+created: 2025-01-09
+updated: 2025-01-29
+title: Science Applications International Corporation
+tags:
+  - SAIC
+  - Stargate Project
+  - Department of Defense
+description: SAIC, founded in 1969, evolved from nuclear research to diverse projects like radiation therapy and missile development. Its unique structure supported classified DoD programs and later consciousness research, including the Stargate Project, which it managed until 1994 before its declassification in 1995.
+---
+The Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) was founded in 1969 by [[J Robert Beyster]] as Science Applications Incorporated (SAI). Beyster remained with the company, which was employee owned, until 2003 which paved the way to it’s 2006 initial public offering and 2012 split into two companies (SAIC and Leidos which is the core of the original SAIC).
+
+During this period, SAIC operated through a unique structure of semi-autonomous divisions, allowing it to simultaneously pursue multiple classified programs for the [[Department of Defense]] while maintaining information compartmentalization. This structure would prove crucial in its later involvement with consciousness research and advanced physics programs.
+
+The company initially focused on nuclear power and weapons effects study programs but expanded into: radiation therapy, development of the cruise missle (1970’s), cleanup of Three Mile Island, and even luggage inspection machines for the FAA.
+
+[[Edwin May]] moved the [[STARGATE PROJECT]] in 1991 following [[SRI International]] stepping away. SAIC operated the project until 1994 at which point is was declassified in 1995.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Scientology.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Scientology
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - religion
+  - philosophy
+description: Scientology is a body of beliefs and practices invented by American author L. Ron Hubbard, often described as a cult or a new religious movement.
+---
+
+[[Scientology]] is a body of beliefs and practices invented by American author L. Ron Hubbard. In the context of the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Stargate Project]], several key figures involved in the early remote viewing research at [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]] were former members of Scientology, including [[Hal Puthoff]], [[Ingo Swann]], and [[Pat Price]]. This connection has led to speculation about the possible influence of Scientology's practices and theories on the development of early remote viewing protocols.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Sheridan Square Press.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Publisher
+  - USA
+---
+[[Sheridan Square Press]] was a publisher based in [[New York]]. It published [[Ari Ben-Menashe|Ari Ben-Menashe's]] book, *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. [[Ari Ben-Menashe|Ben-Menashe]] noted that [[Sheridan Square Press]] remained impervious to intimidation, unlike other publishers who backed out of publishing his book.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Sidem International Limited.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - ArmsDealer
+  - UK
+---
+[[Sidem International Limited]] was an arms dealing company that operated out of [[London]]. It was involved in acquiring arms from [[Yugoslavia]] and selling them to [[Mohammed Radi Abdullah]], who in turn sold them to Palestinian groups like [[Abu Nidal]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Society for Psychical Research.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Society for Psychical Research
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - parapsychology
+  - research
+description: The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is the oldest psychical research organization in the world, founded in London in 1882.
+---
+
+The [[Society for Psychical Research]] (SPR) is the oldest psychical research organization in the world, founded in London in 1882. Its members included prominent figures such as the psychologist Frederic Myers, the philosopher Henry Sidgwick, the physiologist Charles Richet, the physicists Sir William Crookes and Sir Oliver Lodge, the poet William Butler Yeats, and the writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.[^1]
+
+Despite its prestigious membership and rigorous investigations, the SPR and similar organizations were unable to firmly establish psi within the Western scientific worldview. As theories of nature hardened into laws that did not admit the human mind could span time and space unaided, psi research became increasingly marginalized. This led to a transformation of psychical research into "parapsychology," focusing on statistical evidence rather than real-world applications, as exemplified by the work of J. B. Rhine.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Solel Bone Ltd..md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Israel
+---
+Solel Bone Ltd., of Haifa, was the largest Israeli engineering company involved in the construction of [[Dimona]]. It was closely associated with the [[Mapai Party]], and Israelis involved in the early stages of construction acknowledged an extensive, and traditional, system of diverting contract funds to the party.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 5.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Stanford Research Institute.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Stanford Research Institute
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - research
+  - thinktank
+description: The Stanford Research Institute (SRI) was a key institution in the history of remote viewing, conducting research for the CIA and other intelligence agencies.
+---
+
+The [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI) is a scientific research institute based in Menlo Park, California. In the early 1970s, SRI became the center of the U.S. government's secret psychic research program, which would eventually become known as the [[STARGATE PROJECT]].[^1]
+
+SRI was a large and prestigious think tank, with close ties to Stanford University, and was primarily funded by government contracts, many of which were highly classified. This made it an ideal location for sensitive research into psychic phenomena.[^1]
+
+The psi research at SRI was led by physicists [[Hal Puthoff]] and [[Russell Targ]]. They conducted experiments with a number of psychics, including [[Ingo Swann]], [[Pat Price]], and [[Uri Geller]]. The research was funded by the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] (DIA), and other government agencies.[^1]
+
+SRI was responsible for developing many of the key concepts and techniques of remote viewing, including [[Coordinate Remote Viewing]] (CRV) and the use of outbounder teams. The research at SRI was instrumental in convincing the intelligence community that remote viewing had the potential to be a valuable intelligence-gathering tool. Despite initial skepticism from some within the scientific community, Puthoff and Targ were able to publish some of their findings in reputable scientific journals, lending a degree of credibility to the field.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Stanford University.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Academic
+  - USA
+---
+Stanford University is a private research university in [[Stanford]], [[California]]. Its Linear Accelerator Center was home to [[Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky]], a physicist who was a key colleague of [[Jack P. Ruina]] on an ad hoc panel of distinguished scientists tasked with studying the [[VELA Satellite]] data related to a probable nuclear explosion in the South Indian Ocean in 1979.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 20.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Strategic Intelligence Services.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Intelligence
+  - UK
+---
+[[Strategic Intelligence Services]] was a company run by [[Anthony Pearson]], a former British Special Airborne Service (SAS) officer. Located in [[London]], it provided espionage services to [[Israel]], among others.[^1]
+
+[[Strategic Intelligence Services|The firm]] was involved in recruiting mercenaries and facilitating covert operations, including an unsuccessful coup in the [[Seychelles]] in November 1981. It also played a role in gathering intelligence on Palestinian organizations in [[Europe]] through [[Mohammed Radi Abdullah]], who unwittingly provided information that led to the elimination of Palestinian militants.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Sylvania Corporation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+created: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2025-07-22
+title: Sylvania Corporation
+tags:
+  - organization
+  - private
+  - technology
+description: Sylvania Corporation was an American manufacturer of lighting products, televisions, and other electronic equipment.
+---
+
+The [[Sylvania Corporation]] was an American manufacturer of lighting products, televisions, and other electronic equipment. In the context of the *Remote Viewers* narrative, [[Russell Targ]] worked at the research laboratories of Sylvania Corporation before joining [[Hal Puthoff]] at [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]] to lead the remote viewing research program. This background in electronics and technology contributed to his approach to studying psi phenomena.[^1]
+
+---
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/The Age.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Media
+  - Australia
+---
+*The [[Age]]* is an [[Australia|Australian]] newspaper based in [[Melbourne]]. [[Oscar Guerrero]] attempted to sell photographs of [[Israel|Israel's]] nuclear facility, provided by [[Mordecai Vanunu]], to *The Age*, but was rejected. [[Robert Maxwell]] later tried to buy *The [[Age]]* newspaper for $750 million [[Australia|Australian]], but this move was thwarted by the [[Australia|Australian]] [[Labor Party|Labor]] government's foreign ownership policy.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/The Company.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+"The Company" was a drug and arms organization consisting of approximately 300 members, many of whom were former military men, ex-police officers, or ex-intelligence personnel. It was involved in large-scale illegal drug trafficking, gunrunning, and mercenary operations, with assets estimated at nearly $30 million, including planes, ships, and real estate.[^1]
+
+### Activities and Operations
+
+The organization imported billions of dollars worth of narcotics from [[Latin America]]. It was also involved in the theft of specialized military equipment from the [[United States Naval Weapons Station China Lake|U.S. Naval Weapons Station at China Lake]] in the Mojave Desert, including infrared sniperscopes, a television camera for night vision, tracer ammunition, a remote-control helicopter, and secret components from a Sidewinder guided missile's radar unit. Some of this stolen equipment was intended for drug smugglers, and some was traded to drug suppliers in [[Colombia]].[^1]
+
+"The Company" was headquartered in Lexington, Kentucky, and Mena, Arkansas. Twenty-nine members of the organization were indicted by the Fresno federal grand jury in 1981, including [[Andrew "Drew" Thornton]], a former narcotics officer who later died while parachuting with 77 pounds of cocaine.[^1]
+
+### Connections and Investigations
+
+[[Michael Riconosciuto]] claimed to have provided "valuable intelligence" on illegal drug activities and "The Company" to [[Brian Leighton]], a former Assistant [[United States Attorney|U.S. Attorney]] in Fresno. Riconosciuto stated that he had been instrumental in helping Leighton identify members of "The Company" and even led law enforcement officers to a marijuana cache belonging to its members. However, Leighton's testimony in Riconosciuto's trial was evasive regarding their direct collaboration.[^1]
+
+[[Danny Casolaro]] had been communicating regularly with [[Michael Riconosciuto]] and learned about "The Company." It is suggested that Casolaro may have scheduled a meeting with the Lexington [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] regarding drug trafficking by "The Company" shortly before his death.[^1]
+
+[[Michael Riconosciuto]] also claimed that "The Company" was still active and that [[Brian Leighton]]'s prosecutions had only served to "vaccinate" the group against further penetration. Riconosciuto sought to hand "The Company" and [[Robert Booth Nichols]] over to [[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network|FinCen]] in exchange for entry into the Witness Protection Program, but his efforts were unsuccessful.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/The Sunday Mirror.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Media
+  - UK
+---
+*The [[Sunday Mirror]]* is a British newspaper. [[Robert Maxwell|Robert Maxwell's]] publishing empire included *The [[Sunday Mirror]]*.[^1]
+
+[[Nicholas Davies]], a London *Daily Mirror* foreign editor and [[Israel|Israeli]] agent, put together a disinformation story for *The [[Sunday Mirror]]* to discredit [[Mordecai Vanunu|Mordecai Vanunu's]] claims about [[Israel|Israel's]] nuclear program. This piece was published with copies of [[Mordecai Vanunu|Vanunu's]] photographs, claiming that *The [[Sunday Mirror]]* had investigated the pictures and the men trying to sell them and found it to be a "con job."[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/The Sunday Times.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Media
+  - UK
+---
+*The [[Sunday Times]]* is a British newspaper. It struck a deal with [[Oscar Guerrero]] to publish [[Mordecai Vanunu|Mordecai Vanunu's]] story and photographs of [[Israel|Israel's]] nuclear facility. The arrangement included a £250,000 advance for [[Mordecai Vanunu|Vanunu]] on a book about [[Israel|Israel's]] nuclear capability, with [[Oscar Guerrero|Guerrero]] receiving a 10% cut.[^1]
+
+[[Mordecai Vanunu|Vanunu]] flew to [[London]] and was put up in various hotels while giving interviews to *The [[Sunday Times]]*. [[Israel|Israeli]] intelligence, aware of the impending publication, attempted to discredit [[Mordecai Vanunu|Vanunu]] and later kidnapped him from [[Rome]]. *The [[Sunday Times]]* published the story and photos on October 5, 1986, after [[Mordecai Vanunu|Vanunu]] failed to return from his trip to [[Rome]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/TransCapital Corporation.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Business
+  - USA
+---
+[[TransCapital Corporation]] was a [[Connecticut]] firm licensed to sell computer hardware, particularly for the [[PROMIS]] program. It played a role in facilitating arms deals and technology transfers.[^1]
+
+In 1986 and 1987, [[TransCapital Corporation]] was allowed to export high-tech [[IBM]] computers to the [[Soviet Union]], despite a general ban on selling such equipment to the [[East Bloc]]. This was made possible by [[Robert Gates]], who lifted the barriers. When the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] desired [[PROMIS]], [[Degem]] technicians fitted it to the [[IBM]] computers, complete with the "trap door."[^1]
+
+[[Richard St. Francis]], who worked for [[TransCapital Corporation]], was involved in a deal to sell three C-130s to [[Iran|Tehran]], working with [[Joseph O'Toole]] and [[Mike Timpani]]. This deal was intended to be a go-between for [[Israel]] and [[Iran]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/University of California.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Academic
+  - USA
+---
+The University of California is a public university system in [[California]]. The physics department at the [[University of California]] was home to [[Luis Alvarez]], a Nobel laureate who was a key colleague of [[Jack P. Ruina]] on an ad hoc panel of distinguished scientists tasked with studying the [[VELA Satellite]] data related to a probable nuclear explosion in the South Indian Ocean in 1979.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 20.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/University of San Cristobal.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Education
+  - Peru
+---
+The [[University of San Cristobal]] at [[Ayacucho]], [[Peru]], was where [[Abimael Guzmán Reynoso]], the founder of the [[Shining Path]], was formerly a professor of philosophy. Many of its professors were members of the [[Shining Path]] or the Communist Party of [[Peru]].[^1]
+
+[[Ari Ben-Menashe]] applied for a position to teach about the [[Middle East]] at the [[University of San Cristobal|University]] as a cover for his mission to secure rare minerals for [[Israel|Israel's]] nuclear program. The rector of the [[University of San Cristobal|University]] accepted [[Ari Ben-Menashe|Ben-Menashe]] quickly, stating that his academic credentials were sufficient, and that his potential role as an intelligence officer was not their concern.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Valley National Bank of Arizona.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Private
+  - Finance
+  - USA
+---
+[[Valley National Bank of Arizona]] was a bank in [[Phoenix]], [[Arizona]]. It was used in financial transactions related to [[Israel|Israeli]] arms sales and the release of [[USA|American]] hostages.[^1]
+
+In December 1980, $4 million, part of a larger $56 million payment for the release of [[USA|American]] hostages in [[Iran]], was deposited into an account belonging to [[Earl Brian]] at the [[Valley National Bank of Arizona|Valley National Bank]]. This transaction was handled by [[Ari Ben-Menashe]], who ensured a customs slip was obtained to legitimize the deposit.[^1]
+
+[[Valley National Bank of Arizona|Valley National Bank]] was also one of the [[USA|U.S.]] banks through which letters of credit for arms sales to [[Iran]] were routed, along with [[Chicago-Tokyo Bank]], [[Chemical Bank]], and [[Bank One]].[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Wackenhut Corporation.md

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+[[Wackenhut Corporation]] is a security and investigative firm founded in 1954 by [[George R. Wackenhut]] and three other former [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] Special Agents. Initially named Special Agent Investigators, it expanded to physical security and was renamed Wackenhut Corporation in 1958. Headquartered in Coral Gables, Florida, Wackenhut grew to become one of the world's largest security and investigative firms, with operations across the United States and internationally.[^1]
+
+## Operations and Services
+
+Wackenhut provides security and investigative services to businesses, industries, and various U.S. Government agencies. Its services include guard and electronic security for various facilities, personnel background reports, pre-employment screening, polygraph examinations, and criminal investigations. The company also develops sophisticated computerized security systems through its subsidiary, [[Wackenhut Electronic Systems Corporation]].[^1]
+
+Notable contracts include providing security for the [[Nevada Test Site]], the [[Alaskan Pipeline]], and [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|Lawrence Livermore Labs]], as well as numerous American embassies abroad.[^1]
+
+### Leadership and Government Connections
+
+The company's leadership has historically included executives and managers with extensive backgrounds in the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], [[National Security Agency|NSA]], and other military and governmental security fields. Its board of directors has featured prominent former government officials such as [[Stansfield Turner]] (former [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] director), [[Clarence Kelley]] (former [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] director), [[Frank Carlucci]] (former [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] deputy director and Defense Secretary), [[James Rowley]] (former [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] director), [[Bobby Ray Inman]] (former acting chairman of President Bush’s foreign intelligence advisory board and former [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] deputy director), and [[Joseph Carroll]] (former Director, [[Defense Intelligence Agency|Defense Intelligence Agency]]).[^1]
+
+[[William Casey]], former [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] director under [[Ronald Reagan]], served as Wackenhut's outside legal counsel before his appointment.[^1]
+
+### Controversies and Allegations
+
+Despite its public profile as a security firm, Wackenhut Corporation has been associated with several significant controversies and allegations, particularly concerning its political leanings and its alleged role in covert government operations.
+
+#### Political Leanings and Dossier Collection
+[[George R. Wackenhut]], the company's founder, was characterized as a "hard-line right-winger" whose political values were reflected in the company's operations. Wackenhut actively built dossiers on suspected dissidents and sold this information to interested parties. By 1965, Wackenhut claimed to maintain files on 2.5 million suspected dissidents. This number grew to over 4 million by 1966, following the acquisition of the private files of [[Karl Barslaag]], a former staff member of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. The company's monthly publication, the "Wackenhut Security Review," consistently criticized protest movements of the 1960s, earning accolades from right-wing organizations such as the John Birch Society and the All-American Conference to Combat Communism.[1]
+
+#### Allegations of CIA Front Operations
+Multiple sources have alleged that Wackenhut served as a front for the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] and other intelligence agencies. [[Richard Babayan]], identified as a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] contract employee, claimed that Wackenhut had been used by the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] for years to provide cover for clandestine operations. [[Bruce Berckmans]], a former [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] agent who later became a Wackenhut international-operations vice president, reportedly saw a formal proposal from [[George Wackenhut]] to the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] offering Wackenhut offices worldwide as fronts for [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] activities. [[William Corbett]], a terrorism expert and former [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] analyst, further stated that Wackenhut allowed the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] to occupy positions within the company to conduct clandestine operations and supplied intelligence agencies with information in exchange for lucrative government contracts.[^1]
+
+#### The Cabazon Joint Venture
+A particularly controversial aspect of Wackenhut's operations was its joint venture with the [[Cabazon Band of Mission Indians|Cabazon Indian tribe]] in Indio, California. Formalized on April 1, 1981, this partnership aimed to leverage the sovereign nation status of the Indian reservation to bypass federal jurisdiction and congressional prohibitions on arms exports. The venture, known as "Cabazon Arms," sought to establish a production facility for high-tech armaments and explosives for export to third-world countries, including the [[Contras]] in Nicaragua and nations in the Middle East.[^1]
+
+[[Dr. John Nichols]], the Cabazon tribal administrator and a former [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] agent, secured a [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] secret facility clearance for the reservation. He then proposed to Wackenhut the manufacture of various weapons systems, including 120mm combustible cartridge cases, 9mm machine pistols, laser-sighted assault weapons, sniper rifles, and portable rocket systems. The venture also explored the development of biological weapons. [[Michael Riconosciuto]] served as the Director of Research for this joint venture, and was involved in meetings with figures like [[Robert Frye]] (Wackenhut VP), [[John P. Nichols]], and [[Peter Zokosky]], and [[Dr. Harry Fair]] of the U.S. Army's Railgun Project at Picatinny Arsenal, where Riconosciuto's scientific expertise was noted.[^1]
+
+#### PROMIS Software Modification
+
+Within the Cabazon Joint Venture, [[Michael Riconosciuto]] claimed to have modified the proprietary [[PROMIS]] computer software. This modification, allegedly spearheaded by [[Earl Brian]] and made available through [[Peter Videnieks]] of the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]], was intended to facilitate the worldwide implementation of [[PROMIS]] in law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Riconosciuto's affidavit detailed his work on the software, including specific modifications for the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police|RCMP]] and the [[Canadian Security Intelligence Service|CSIS]] in [[Canada]]. This alleged pirating and modification of the [[PROMIS]] software became a central component of the [[PROMIS Software Scandal]].[^1]
+
+It was here that the "trap door" was built into the [[USA|U.S.]] version of [[PROMIS]], based on [[Israel|Israeli]] information. This operation was conducted by a small [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] group, headed by [[Robert Gates]], who sought to keep it secret from the [[NSA]] due to interagency competition.[^2]
+
+#### End of Wackenhut
+
+The Wackenhut/Cabazon Joint Venture was terminated on October 1, 1984, following [[Robert Frye]]'s heart attack. Its activities subsequently became the subject of numerous investigations by entities such as the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]], the [[United States House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary|House Judiciary Committee on Inslaw]], [[United States Customs Service|U.S. Customs]], and the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police|Royal Canadian Mounted Police]], as well as various police agencies and media outlets worldwide.[^1]
+
+#### Other Allegations
+Beyond the Cabazon venture, Wackenhut was also implicated in other international controversies. A 1992 *SPY* magazine article by [[John Connolly]] alleged that Wackenhut secretly assisted [[Iraq]] in its efforts to obtain sophisticated weapons and contributed to unrest in [[Venezuela]].[^1]
+
+---
+### Footnotes
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.
+[^2]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992. (Hereafter, "Profits of War")

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Weizmann Institute of Science.md

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+---
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Research
+  - Israel
+---
+The Weizmann Institute of Science is a preeminent research facility in [[Israel]]. After [[Israel]]'s successful War of Independence in 1948, [[Ernst David Bergmann]] became the director of its chemistry division. In 1949, a department of isotope research was established at the Institute, and young Israeli scientists were sent abroad to study nuclear energy and chemistry. A joint research program was also initiated with the nascent French Atomic Energy Commission.[^1]
+
+By 1953, researchers at Weizmann had pioneered a new process for creating heavy water and a more efficient means of extracting uranium from phosphate fields. These concepts were later sold to the French, leading to a formal agreement for cooperation in nuclear research between the two nations.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 2.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Westinghouse Electric Corporation.md

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+[[Westinghouse Electric Corporation]] was involved in a major project with Burns & Roe, Inc., for the engineering design and construction of the [[United States of America|U.S.A.]] Fast Breeder Nuclear Reactor Plant. Westinghouse was responsible for the nuclear system supply of steam for this project.[^1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Yakuza.md

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+The [[Yakuza]] is a Japanese organized crime syndicate that was implicated in the broader network investigated by [[Danny Casolaro]] as "[[The Octopus]]." The syndicate's involvement was highlighted in [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] wiretap summaries, which revealed a government drug trafficking operation that included high-ranking [[La Cosa Nostra]] figures, the [[Gambino Crime Family]], and the Yakuza.[1]
+
+[[Robert Booth Nichols]], a key figure in Casolaro's investigation, was linked to the Yakuza. An [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] wiretap summary on Nichols, part of [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] agent [[Thomas Gates]]'s affidavit, connected Nichols to the Yakuza as a money launderer. Furthermore, [[Michael Riconosciuto]] alleged that Nichols was the "godson" of [[Harold Okimoto]], a figure believed to be a top Japanese organized crime figure based in Hawaii and described as a top agent in the Yakuza overseas.[1]
+
+---
+## Footnotes
+[1] Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.