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60 - PLACES/REGIONS/Middle East.md
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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ tags:
- ArmsTrade
summary: "The region from Egypt to Iran as it appears in the vault: the object of American nuclear intelligence, arms and hostage dealing, covert liaison clubs, and, latterly, of sovereign-wealth money for the well connected."
created: 2026-09-22
updated: 2026-09-22
updated: 2026-10-09
---
The Middle East enters the vault first as an intelligence target. U-2 flights "continued to monitor sensitive areas, including the Middle East, and by 1958, CIA photo interpreters observed significant activity at an Israeli Air Force practice bombing range south of Beersheba, which turned out to be the early signs of the [[Dimona]] nuclear reactor"; [[Christian A. Herter]]'s farewell briefing to the [[Senate Foreign Relations Committee]] on January 6, 1961, discussed "the 'disturbing' new element in the Middle East related to Dimona," and [[Carl E. Duckett]]'s work at the CIA "centered on assessing [[Israel]]'s nuclear capabilities and the potential for nuclear proliferation in the Middle East." In the Kennedy White House [[Myer Feldman]] "was authorized to monitor all State Department and [[White House]] cable traffic on the Middle East," to [[McGeorge Bundy]]'s dismay; [[Roswell L. Gilpatric]]'s committee urged "nuclear-free zones in [[Latin America]], Africa, and the Middle East, including Israel and [[Egypt]]"; and [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] became "the first American President to supply Israel with offensive weapons." The [[Committee for the Denuclearization of the Middle East]], Israeli scholars who went public in April 1962, urged United Nations intervention. [[Nikolai Bulganin]] during Suez and [[Leonid Brezhnev]] during the [[Yom Kippur War]] threatened Soviet intervention; the [[USS Liberty Incident|USS Liberty]] "had been monitoring Middle East communications traffic in international waters off the coast of Israel."[^1]
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ The [[Office of Strategic Services]] "conducted covert operations, resistance su
### Arms, Hostages and Software
[[Arif Durrani]] "admitted to supplying Iran with arms and stated that he was part of a joint operation conducted by the United States and Israel to release American hostages in the Middle East," and met [[Oliver North]] for HAWK parts; [[Monzer Al-Kassar]] "developed relationships with Western intelligence services beginning in the 1970s, providing information and facilitating contacts in the Middle East arms and narcotics markets," and the Interfor report on [[Pan Am Flight 103]] alleged "a CIA-protected narcotics pipeline out of the Middle East." Two members of the [[Middle East Collection 10]] cell in Cyprus and Beirut, [[Matthew Kevin Gannon]] and [[Charles Dennis McKee]], died on that flight; [[Lester Coleman]] of the same unit swore that the DEA "was using its proprietary company, [[Euramae Trading Company]], to sell [[PROMIS]] software to drug abuse control agencies in various Middle Eastern countries," with money from the [[United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control]], and a Justice Department document of May 14, 1985, placed [[Khalid bin Mahfouz]] beside Ghorbanifar and Khashoggi in "a covert plan to distribute espionage-modified PROMIS software in the Middle East." The [[Cabazon Arms]] venture of [[Wackenhut Corporation]] sought export markets in "the Contras in Nicaragua and nations in the Middle East." In the [[October Surprise]] story, [[Gary Sick]] built his case on "three years of interviews conducted in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East," and [[Ben Barnes]] said in 2023 that he had accompanied [[John Connally]] on a 1980 Middle East tour carrying the message that "Iran would receive a better deal from Reagan than from Carter."[^3]
[[Arif Durrani]] "admitted to supplying Iran with arms and stated that he was part of a joint operation conducted by the United States and Israel to release American hostages in the Middle East," and met [[Oliver North]] for HAWK parts; [[Monzer Al-Kassar]] "developed relationships with Western intelligence services beginning in the 1970s, providing information and facilitating contacts in the Middle East arms and narcotics markets," and the Interfor report on [[Pan Am Flight 103]] alleged "a CIA-protected narcotics pipeline out of the Middle East." Two members of the [[Middle East Collection 10]] cell in Cyprus and Beirut, [[Matthew Kevin Gannon]] and [[Charles Dennis McKee]], died on that flight; [[Lester Coleman]] of the same unit swore that the DEA "was using its proprietary company, [[Euramae Trading Company]], to sell [[PROMIS]] software to drug abuse control agencies in various Middle Eastern countries," with money from the [[United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control]], and a Justice Department document of May 14, 1985, placed [[Khalid bin Mahfouz]] beside Ghorbanifar and Khashoggi in "a covert plan to distribute espionage-modified PROMIS software in the Middle East." The [[Cabazon Security Corporation|Cabazon Arms]] venture of [[Wackenhut Corporation]] sought export markets in "the Contras in Nicaragua and nations in the Middle East." In the [[October Surprise]] story, [[Gary Sick]] built his case on "three years of interviews conducted in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East," and [[Ben Barnes]] said in 2023 that he had accompanied [[John Connally]] on a 1980 Middle East tour carrying the message that "Iran would receive a better deal from Reagan than from Carter."[^3]
### Money