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40 - EVENTS/HISTORICAL_PHENOMENA/Majestic-12.md
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@ -34,40 +34,42 @@ relations:
with: "[[Air Force Office of Special Investigations]]"
start: 1991-11-15
role: "FBI Intelligence Division asked the Commander, Office of Special Investigations, to ascertain the originator and classification of a copy"
fn: 19
fn: 27
created: 2026-10-01
updated: 2026-10-01
updated: 2026-10-03
---
Majestic-12, written in the documents as MJ-12 or "Majic," is the name of a committee of twelve officials and scientists that the Eisenhower briefing document, dated November 18, 1952, says was established by a classified executive order of President [[Harry S. Truman]] on September 24, 1947 to run a research, development and intelligence operation on recovered craft.[^1] The papers reached the public through [[William L. Moore]], [[Jaime Shandera]] and [[Stanton Friedman]] in May 1987 and were the subject of [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] inquiries in 1988 and 1991 and of a reference report of the [[National Archives and Records Administration]].[^2][^3][^4]
### The Eisenhower briefing document
The document is headed "Top Secret / Majic, Eyes Only" and "Copy one of one," and is titled "Operation Majestic-12 Preliminary Briefing for President-Elect Eisenhower," with Admiral [[Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter]] as briefing officer, "MJ-1." It names as members of the group Hillenkoetter, [[Vannevar Bush]], Secretary [[James V. Forrestal]], General [[Nathan F. Twining]], General [[Hoyt S. Vandenberg]], [[Detlev Bronk]], [[Jerome Hunsaker]], [[Sidney W. Souers]], [[Gordon Gray]], [[Donald Menzel]], General [[Robert M. Montague]] and [[Lloyd V. Berkner]], and records that Forrestal's death on May 22, 1949 left a vacancy filled on August 1, 1950 by General [[Walter Bedell Smith]]. Its narrative begins with the sighting by a civilian pilot over the [[Cascade Mountains]] on June 24, 1947, describes a crash about seventy-five miles northwest of [[Roswell Army Air Base]], a secret recovery begun on July 7, 1947, the discovery of four small humanlike beings, and a weather balloon cover story.[^1]
The document is headed "Top Secret / Majic, Eyes Only" and "Copy one of one," and is titled "Operation Majestic-12 Preliminary Briefing for President-Elect Eisenhower," with Admiral [[Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter]] as briefing officer, "MJ-1." It names as members of the group Hillenkoetter, [[Vannevar Bush]], Secretary [[James V. Forrestal]], General [[Nathan F. Twining]], General [[Hoyt S. Vandenberg]], [[Detlev Bronk]], [[Jerome Hunsaker]], [[Sidney W. Souers]], [[Gordon Gray]], [[Donald Menzel]], General [[Robert M. Montague]] and [[Lloyd V. Berkner]], and records that Forrestal's death on May 22, 1949 left a vacancy filled on August 1, 1950 by General [[Walter Bedell Smith]]. The [[U.S. Navy]] board of investigation under Rear Admiral [[Morton D. Willcutts]] found the body at 1:50 a.m. on Sunday, May 22, 1949, and the finding aid to the Forrestal Papers at the [[Mudd Manuscript Library]] gives May 23, 1949; the board's proceedings are digitized in the Forrestal Papers at [[Princeton University]].[^5] Its narrative begins with the sighting by a civilian pilot over the [[Cascade Mountains]] on June 24, 1947, describes a crash about seventy-five miles northwest of [[Roswell Army Air Base]], a secret recovery begun on July 7, 1947, the discovery of four small humanlike beings, and a weather balloon cover story.[^1]
The briefing document continues that an analytical effort organized by Twining and Bush reached a preliminary consensus on September 19, 1947 that the disc was most likely a short range reconnaissance craft; that Bronk's group proposed the term "Extra-terrestrial Biological Entities" or "EBEs"; and that "some scientists, most notably Dr. Menzel, consider it more likely that we are dealing with beings from another solar system entirely." It states that the Air Force's Project SIGN, begun in December 1947, kept liaison with Majestic-12 limited to two individuals in the Intelligence Division of Air Materiel Command; that SIGN evolved into Project GRUDGE in December 1948 and was then being conducted under the code name BLUE BOOK; that on December 6, 1950 a second object impacted in the El Indio-Guerrero area of the Texas-Mexican border and the recovered remains were taken to the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] facility at Sandia, [[New Mexico]]; and that a contingency plan, MJ-1949-04P/78, should be held ready for a public announcement.[^1]
The FBI's "Majestic 12" file reproduces the document, the Truman memorandum of September 24, 1947 to the Secretary of Defense, and a copy of the Cutler-Twining memorandum bearing a National Archives copy stamp for Record Group 341, each with the word "BOGUS" hand-lettered across it. The Truman memorandum, bearing a signature reading "Harry Truman," is addressed "Dear Secretary Forrestal" and states that the matter shall hereafter be referred to only as "Operation Majestic Twelve." The Cutler memorandum copy reads that "the President has decided that the MJ-12 SSP briefing should take place during the already scheduled White House meeting of July 16, rather than following it as previously intended."[^1] Friedman wrote in 2004 that if the Eisenhower briefing document, the Truman-Forrestal memorandum of September 24, 1947 and the Cutler-Twining memorandum were genuine, the government had recovered at least one crashed saucer and several bodies and kept it secret since 1947; he wrote that Menzel's presence on the list had bothered him, Moore and Shandera from the start, since Menzel, a Harvard astronomer, had written books and papers attacking UFO claims.[^5]
The FBI's "Majestic 12" file reproduces the document, the Truman memorandum of September 24, 1947 to the Secretary of Defense, and a copy of the Cutler-Twining memorandum bearing a National Archives copy stamp for Record Group 341, each with the word "BOGUS" hand-lettered across it. The Truman memorandum, bearing a signature reading "Harry Truman," is addressed "Dear Secretary Forrestal" and states that the matter shall hereafter be referred to only as "Operation Majestic Twelve." The Cutler memorandum copy reads that "the President has decided that the MJ-12 SSP briefing should take place during the already scheduled White House meeting of July 16, rather than following it as previously intended."[^1] Friedman wrote in 2004 that if the Eisenhower briefing document, the Truman-Forrestal memorandum of September 24, 1947 and the Cutler-Twining memorandum were genuine, the government had recovered at least one crashed saucer and several bodies and kept it secret since 1947; he wrote that Menzel's presence on the list had bothered him, Moore and Shandera from the start, since Menzel, a Harvard astronomer, had written books and papers attacking UFO claims.[^6]
### Hillenkoetter, Berkner and the Robertson Panel
The CIA historian [[Gerald K. Haines]] wrote in 1997 that the [[Robertson Panel]], which met from January 14 to 17, 1953 and recommended that the National Security Council debunk UFO reports, included Lloyd Berkner, then a director of [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]]. Haines also wrote that in 1958 CIA officials, discussing how to answer the requests of [[Donald Keyhoe]] and [[Leon Davidson]] for the panel's full report, "worried that Keyhoe had the ear of former DCI VAdm. Roscoe Hillenkoetter, who served on the board of governors of NICAP" (the [[National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena]]); the officials discussed having the CIA general counsel show Hillenkoetter the report, and Hillenkoetter resigned from NICAP in 1962.[^6]
The CIA historian [[Gerald K. Haines]] wrote in 1997 that the [[Robertson Panel]], which met from January 14 to 17, 1953 and recommended that the National Security Council debunk UFO reports, included Lloyd Berkner, then a director of [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]]. Haines also wrote that in 1958 CIA officials, discussing how to answer the requests of [[Donald Keyhoe]] and [[Leon Davidson]] for the panel's full report, "worried that Keyhoe had the ear of former DCI VAdm. Roscoe Hillenkoetter, who served on the board of governors of NICAP" (the [[National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena]]); the officials discussed having the CIA general counsel show Hillenkoetter the report, and Hillenkoetter resigned from NICAP in 1962.[^7]
### Receipt of the film, December 1984
In their 1990 report Moore and Shandera wrote that on December 11, 1984 a brown manila envelope arrived at Shandera's residence in North Hollywood, taped across all seams, with no return address and postmarked [[Albuquerque]], New Mexico, December 8, 1984. Inside were nested envelopes, the innermost a white envelope bearing a Marriott Hotel logo, containing a black plastic canister with a roll of undeveloped 35mm Tri-X film. Developed, it yielded eight good negatives of what appeared to be a 1952 briefing document for President-elect [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], two blank frames, the same sequence of eight frames a second time, and a blank remainder. Moore and Shandera had the negatives printed in a photo laboratory owned by an associate, and wrote that they obtained assistance from the FBI and the [[Los Angeles County Sheriff]]'s Department in locating questioned-document examiners; four examiners were approached and none allowed his name to be used.[^7] Klass wrote that on March 14, 1994 the writer [[Don Berliner]] received in the mail from an anonymous source an undeveloped roll of 35mm film, which yielded photographs of pages of a "Top Secret/MAJIC/Eyes Only" special operations manual, SOM 1-01; Friedman wrote that this roll was mailed from Wisconsin rather than Albuquerque.[^5][^8]
In their 1990 report Moore and Shandera wrote that on December 11, 1984 a brown manila envelope arrived at Shandera's residence in North Hollywood, taped across all seams, with no return address and postmarked [[Albuquerque]], New Mexico, December 8, 1984. Inside were nested envelopes, the innermost a white envelope bearing a Marriott Hotel logo, containing a black plastic canister with a roll of undeveloped 35mm Tri-X film. Developed, it yielded eight good negatives of what appeared to be a 1952 briefing document for President-elect [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], two blank frames, the same sequence of eight frames a second time, and a blank remainder. Moore and Shandera had the negatives printed in a photo laboratory owned by an associate, and wrote that they obtained assistance from the FBI and the [[Los Angeles County Sheriff]]'s Department in locating questioned-document examiners; four examiners were approached and none allowed his name to be used.[^8] Klass wrote that on March 14, 1994 the writer [[Don Berliner]] received in the mail from an anonymous source an undeveloped roll of 35mm film, which yielded photographs of pages of a "Top Secret/MAJIC/Eyes Only" special operations manual, SOM 1-01; Friedman wrote that this roll was mailed from Wisconsin rather than Albuquerque.[^6][^9]
### The Cutler-Twining memorandum, July 1985
Moore and Shandera wrote that a typewritten postcard, which its stamp indicated was mailed from [[New Zealand]] and whose fine print said it came from the "Ethiopian Tourism Commission, Box 189, Addis Ababa," was among the mail forwarded in March 1985 from Moore's post office box 189 in Dewey, Arizona, a box he had kept from about August 1979 to mid-1987. It read in part: "When doors won't open, search for windows. Add some zest to your trip to Washington; Try Reece's pieces. For a stylish look, shop Suit Land." Friedman, already in Washington, told them the reference probably meant [[Ed Reese]] of the Modern Military Branch of the National Archives, and [[Suitland]], Maryland, the location of a federal records center. Reese told Friedman that the Air Force was declassifying a large block of Intelligence Directorate files from 1946 to 1955, many originally top secret, and that declassification officers had been sent from the [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]] to handle the task.[^9] Shandera found the memorandum on July 18, 1985, after searching nearly 100 boxes; in the authors' words it was in box number 189 of Record Group 341, "immediately adjacent to file folder 4-1846." They described it as an unsigned faded-blue carbon copy on onionskin paper bearing the watermarks "Dictation Onionskin" and what appeared to be "Fox."[^9] The National Archives describes it as filed in folder T4-1846.[^4]
Moore and Shandera wrote that a typewritten postcard, which its stamp indicated was mailed from [[New Zealand]] and whose fine print said it came from the "Ethiopian Tourism Commission, Box 189, Addis Ababa," was among the mail forwarded in March 1985 from Moore's post office box 189 in Dewey, Arizona, a box he had kept from about August 1979 to mid-1987. It read in part: "When doors won't open, search for windows. Add some zest to your trip to Washington; Try Reece's pieces. For a stylish look, shop Suit Land." Friedman, already in Washington, told them the reference probably meant [[Ed Reese]] of the Modern Military Branch of the National Archives, and [[Suitland]], Maryland, the location of a federal records center. Reese told Friedman that the Air Force was declassifying a large block of Intelligence Directorate files from 1946 to 1955, many originally top secret, and that declassification officers had been sent from the [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]] to handle the task.[^10] Shandera found the memorandum on July 18, 1985, after searching nearly 100 boxes; in the authors' words it was in box number 189 of Record Group 341, "immediately adjacent to file folder 4-1846." They described it as an unsigned faded-blue carbon copy on onionskin paper bearing the watermarks "Dictation Onionskin" and what appeared to be "Fox."[^10] The National Archives describes it as filed in folder T4-1846.[^4]
The memorandum, dated July 14, 1954, is addressed by [[Robert Cutler]], special assistant to the President, to General Twining and refers to an "NSC/MJ-12 Special Studies Project" and a briefing on July 16. The National Archives published a reference report listing the problems it poses. The series in which it was filed is arranged by top secret register number and the memorandum has none; no other document in the folder concerns "NSC/MJ-12"; the marking "Top Secret Restricted Information" was not used by the [[National Security Council]] until the [[Richard Nixon]] administration; the paper is "diction onionskin" without letterhead or watermark, while Cutler's other carbons in the [[Eisenhower Library]] sample carry an eagle watermark or none; the National Security Council minutes record no meeting on July 16, 1954, and a folder titled "Special Meeting July 16, 1956" held a memo calling NSC members to a civil defense exercise on that date; the Eisenhower Library wrote on July 16, 1987 that the President's appointment books show no entry for such a meeting; the NSC declassification office had no record of declassifying it; and Cutler was visiting military installations in Europe and North Africa from July 3 to 15, 1954, having left written instructions on July 3 for his subordinates [[James S. Lay]] and [[J. Patrick Cone]] on handling NSC business during his absence. The National Archives searched the indexes of the NSC files under MJ-12, majestic, unidentified flying objects, UFO, flying saucers, extraterrestrial biological entities and Aquarius, and found nothing except this memorandum. It states that it certifies reproductions as true copies and does not authenticate documents.[^4]
### The Doty teletype and the earlier use of the term
[[Philip J. Klass]] wrote in 1997 that the term "MJ Twelve" first appeared in a one-page secret teletype dated November 17, 1980 concerning UFO photographs, which [[Richard Doty]] of the [[Air Force Office of Special Investigations]] gave Moore in early 1981 and which Moore showed to [[Brad Sparks]] and [[Kal Korff]] on January 17, 1982.[^2] The text printed by Moore and Shandera as the Aquarius message names "Project Aquarius," "MJ Twelve" and the Albuquerque instrument maker [[Paul Bennewitz]]; the Air Force Intelligence Service wrote on December 5, 1983 that AFOSI had reviewed a message of that description, circulated in at least three cities, and confirmed it was a hoax. The printed text is, by the authors' account, a late-1988 reconstruction by Moore with changes supplied by Doty.[^10][^11][^12] Moore wrote in 1989 that the version he was given was a retyped copy with spurious additions that he understood was meant to reach Bennewitz.[^12] Moore and Shandera wrote that in early March 1983 a telephone caller sent Moore on a cross-country trip to a motel in upstate New York, where a courier gave him nineteen minutes with eleven pages of a "Project Aquarius" briefing dated June 14, 1977, which he photographed and read into a tape recorder.[^13] Klass wrote that [[Linda Moulton Howe]] saw some of the same Aquarius papers on April 9, 1983 during a visit to Doty in Albuquerque; Hastings wrote that Howe placed the meeting in Doty's office at [[Kirtland Air Force Base]] and described the document as a "Briefing Paper for the President" that listed crashed UFO cases including one near Aztec, New Mexico; Doty denied in writing in 1988 that he knew of MJ-12.[^2][^14]
[[Philip J. Klass]] wrote in 1997 that the term "MJ Twelve" first appeared in a one-page secret teletype dated November 17, 1980 concerning UFO photographs, which [[Richard Doty]] of the [[Air Force Office of Special Investigations]] gave Moore in early 1981 and which Moore showed to [[Brad Sparks]] and [[Kal Korff]] on January 17, 1982.[^2] The text printed by Moore and Shandera as the Aquarius message names "Project Aquarius," "MJ Twelve" and the Albuquerque instrument maker [[Paul Bennewitz]]; the Air Force Intelligence Service wrote on December 5, 1983 that AFOSI had reviewed a message of that description, circulated in at least three cities, and confirmed it was a hoax. The printed text is, by the authors' account, a late-1988 reconstruction by Moore with changes supplied by Doty.[^11][^12][^13] Moore wrote in 1989 that the version he was given was a retyped copy with spurious additions that he understood was meant to reach Bennewitz.[^13] Moore and Shandera wrote that in early March 1983 a telephone caller sent Moore on a cross-country trip to a motel in upstate New York, where a courier gave him nineteen minutes with eleven pages of a "Project Aquarius" briefing dated June 14, 1977, which he photographed and read into a tape recorder.[^14] Klass wrote that [[Linda Moulton Howe]] saw some of the same Aquarius papers on April 9, 1983 during a visit to Doty in Albuquerque; Hastings wrote that Howe placed the meeting in Doty's office at [[Kirtland Air Force Base]] and described the document as a "Briefing Paper for the President" that listed crashed UFO cases including one near Aztec, New Mexico; Doty denied in writing in 1988 that he knew of MJ-12.[^2][^15]
Hastings wrote in 1989 that the intelligence sources Moore called "Falcon" and "Condor" had been identified to him as Doty and the recently retired Air Force captain [[Robert Collins]]; Doty and Collins denied it, and Moore denied that Doty was Falcon.[^2][^14] Doty told [[Art Bell]] in 2005 that Moore was "recruited as an asset" by a person in the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] to provide disinformation.[^15] In a letter to the newsletter [[Saucer Smear]] in 2000 Doty wrote that Moore "was a coded source for OSI," that if Moore was the original author of the MJ-12 documents "he did it without my assistance or my knowledge," and that he "went through two Government investigations regarding the MJ-12 documents," both of which, he wrote, cleared him.[^16]
Hastings wrote in 1989 that the intelligence sources Moore called "Falcon" and "Condor" had been identified to him as Doty and the recently retired Air Force captain [[Robert Collins]]; Doty and Collins denied it, and Moore denied that Doty was Falcon.[^2][^15] Doty told [[Art Bell]] in 2005 that Moore was "recruited as an asset" by a person in the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] to provide disinformation.[^16] In a letter to the newsletter [[Saucer Smear]] in 2000 Doty wrote that Moore "was a coded source for OSI," that if Moore was the original author of the MJ-12 documents "he did it without my assistance or my knowledge," and that he "went through two Government investigations regarding the MJ-12 documents," both of which, he wrote, cleared him.[^17]
Moore and Shandera wrote in 1990 that Moore had been told of "Project Aquarius" at a meeting with Falcon in December 1980, filed a [[Freedom of Information Act]] request on it with [[U.S. Air Force|Headquarters USAF]] dated December 29, 1980, and received a negative reply dated February 12, 1981 from the [[Foreign Technology Division]] at [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]]; that on March 2, 1981 (not February, as Moore had said in 1989) Falcon showed him an original telex on perforated computer paper, which he was not allowed to keep and wrote notes on afterward; and that several weeks later Falcon and Doty gave him the retyped version in Albuquerque, saying changes had been necessary to "sanitize" it.[^18] In the speech Moore had said "I neither typed nor retyped this document. It was created by AFOSI, or at least I always assumed it was, and it was handed to me in February 1981."[^19] The later movements of the teletype and of the eleven-page June 14, 1977 "Executive Briefing" that Moore photographed in a [[New York|New York State]] motel in March 1983 are on [[Project Aquarius]].
### The Schulgen memorandum
@ -75,13 +77,23 @@ Klass wrote in 1997 that the researcher [[Robert Todd]] had compared Moore's ver
### Later documents
Klass wrote in 2000 that SOM 1-01, purportedly printed in April 1954, directed that crashed craft be sent to "Area 51 S-4" in Nevada, a name that he wrote the Nellis range portion had not been given until several years after the manual's purported date, and that a statement denouncing SOM 1-01 as counterfeit was released on March 14, 1999, signed by Berliner and several other prominent proponents of UFO reality. The CIA's history of the U-2 program places the addition of the [[Area 51|Groom Lake]] strip, known by its map designation as Area 51, to the Nevada Test Site after April 12, 1955.[^8][^17] Klass also wrote that more than a dozen further "Majestic" documents obtained by the researcher [[Tim Cooper]] were made public by [[Robert Wood]] and his son Ryan at a conference in Connecticut, that Wood endorsed them while admitting flaws, and that the Eisenhower briefing document uses a hybrid civil and military date format, "18 November, 1952," which Klass wrote Moore used repeatedly in personal letters, and a Truman signature that Klass wrote was a pasted-on photocopy of a genuine signature from a memorandum to Vannevar Bush of October 1, 1947.[^8]
Klass wrote in 2000 that SOM 1-01, purportedly printed in April 1954, directed that crashed craft be sent to "Area 51 S-4" in Nevada, a name that he wrote the Nellis range portion had not been given until several years after the manual's purported date, and that a statement denouncing SOM 1-01 as counterfeit was released on March 14, 1999, signed by Berliner and several other prominent proponents of UFO reality. The CIA's history of the U-2 program places the addition of the [[Area 51|Groom Lake]] strip, known by its map designation as Area 51, to the Nevada Test Site after April 12, 1955.[^9][^20] Klass also wrote that more than a dozen further "Majestic" documents obtained by the researcher [[Tim Cooper]] were made public by [[Robert Wood]] and his son Ryan at a conference in Connecticut, that Wood endorsed them while admitting flaws, and that the Eisenhower briefing document uses a hybrid civil and military date format, "18 November, 1952," which Klass wrote Moore used repeatedly in personal letters, and a Truman signature that Klass wrote was a pasted-on photocopy of a genuine signature from a memorandum to Vannevar Bush of October 1, 1947.[^9]
### Moore's statements
Klass wrote that on April 16, 1983, twenty months before the film arrived, Moore told Sparks in [[Berkeley]] that counterfeit government documents about crashed saucers could induce former military personnel to speak, that Sparks urged him not to, and that Friedman defended the idea; Klass wrote that [[Kevin Randle]] and [[Don Schmitt]] reported in their 1994 book that Friedman, among others, said Moore had suggested creating Roswell documents as early as 1982.[^2] Klass also wrote that [[Lee Graham]], to whom Moore showed the papers in May 1985, filed a [[Freedom of Information Act]] request with the [[Department of Energy]] on June 17, 1985 that listed the twelve names; that the December 1985 issue of [[Barry Greenwood]]'s newsletter [[Just Cause]] was the first UFO publication to discuss the group; and that Moore released the papers to the press on May 28, 1987, a day before the British writer [[Timothy Good]], who said they came from "a reliable American source who has close connections with the intelligence community," presented them at a London press conference. Moore and Good later denied that Moore was that source. The papers were covered by [[The New York Times]] and [[The Washington Post]] and featured on ABC's [[Nightline]], where [[Ted Koppel]] interviewed Friedman and Klass.[^2]
Klass wrote that on April 16, 1983, twenty months before the film arrived, Moore told Sparks in [[Berkeley]] that counterfeit government documents about crashed saucers could induce former military personnel to speak, that Sparks urged him not to, and that Friedman defended the idea; Klass wrote that [[Kevin Randle]] and [[Don Schmitt]] reported in their 1994 book that Friedman, among others, said Moore had suggested creating Roswell documents as early as 1982.[^2] Klass also wrote that [[Lee Graham]], to whom Moore showed the papers in May 1985, filed a Freedom of Information Act request with the [[Department of Energy]] on June 17, 1985 that listed the twelve names; that the December 1985 issue of [[Barry Greenwood]]'s newsletter [[Just Cause]] was the first UFO publication to discuss the group; and that Moore released the papers to the press on May 28, 1987, a day before the British writer [[Timothy Good]], who said they came from "a reliable American source who has close connections with the intelligence community," presented them at a London press conference. Moore and Good later denied that Moore was that source. The papers were covered by [[The New York Times]] and [[The Washington Post]] and featured on ABC's [[Nightline]], where [[Ted Koppel]] interviewed Friedman and Klass.[^2]
On July 1, 1989 Moore told the [[MUFON]] symposium in [[Las Vegas]] that he would "play the disinformation game, get my hands dirty just often enough" to learn who was directing it and why, and, as he restated in [[FOCUS (newsletter)|FOCUS]] that September, that the Aquarius document was a retyped version of a real AFOSI message that was apparently created by AFOSI and handed to him in 1981 with the intention that he pass it to Bennewitz.[^12][^18] The 1990 report of Moore and Shandera describes the 1984 film as arriving in an envelope with no return address.[^7]
On July 1, 1989 Moore told the [[MUFON]] symposium in [[Las Vegas]] that he would "play the disinformation game, get my hands dirty just often enough" to learn who was directing it and why, and, as he restated in [[FOCUS (newsletter)|FOCUS]] that September, that the Aquarius document was a retyped version of a real AFOSI message that was apparently created by AFOSI and handed to him in 1981 with the intention that he pass it to Bennewitz.[^13][^21] The 1990 report of Moore and Shandera describes the 1984 film as arriving in an envelope with no return address.[^8]
[[Robert Hastings]] reported on March 1, 1989 that Lee Graham told him in March 1986 that the [[Project Snowbird]] and Project Aquarius papers came from a person who worked for the government, and in early June 1987 that the person was Moore, who had shown Graham a government identification card bearing his photograph and an alias; Hastings wrote that he later heard Moore had denied being a government operative and called the card a laminated MUFON card, and reproduced Graham's letters of May 8 and October 19, 1986 asking the [[Defense Investigative Service]] why Moore had not been questioned.[^15] Moore said on July 1, 1989 that the identification card story "stems from nothing more than a practical joke which has simply gotten out of hand."[^19]
On the documents themselves Moore said in the same speech that "there is in fact a group known as MJ12 which operates at the [[White House]] National Security Council level" and that its functions were not established to be UFO related; that the Cutler-Twining memorandum was, with "reasonable certainty," authentic and "best evidence indicates that someone planted it amidst the papers of record group 341, knowing that there was a strong chance we would find it there"; that "there is still no compelling reason to believe" the Eisenhower briefing document was other than authentic, though "its authenticity remains far from proved"; that the Truman executive order of September 24, 1947 "presents the weakest case of the three"; that none of his sources knew terms such as "Magi," "Majesty," "PI40," "Plato" or "Garnet"; and that "if it's a hoax, it's extraordinarily well done," while "if it's disinformation, the equally important story of why needs to be told."[^19] He also said that those who suspected he created the documents were thanked "for the compliment," and that he could not rule out being "the innocent victim of an elaborate hoax."[^19]
[[Mark Pilkington]] wrote, citing Barry Greenwood and Brad Sparks (MUFON Symposium Proceedings, 2007; not obtained), that Moore, [[Bob Pratt]] and Doty planned in 1981 and 1982 a book first called "Majik 12" and then "The Aquarius Project," with Doty credited as "Ronald L. Davis," and that Pratt's notes of a January 1982 conversation with Moore record "Govt . . . UFO Project is Aquarius, classified Top Secret with access restricted to MJ 12 (MJ may be 'Majic')."[^22]
### Television, 1988
The Falcon and Condor interviews of September 1988 and the broadcast of [[UFO Cover-Up Live]] on October 14, 1988 fall between the FBI [[Dallas]] contact of September 15, 1988 and the headquarters teletype of December 2, 1988. Timothy Good wrote in April 1989 that the two-hour program was produced by [[Michael Seligman]] and showed "Condor" and "Falcon," faces blacked out and voices modulated, confirming the "Majestic-12" committee "established under President Truman in 1947," and that he had been told their credentials were bona fide.[^23] Linda Moulton Howe's reproduction of the broadcast has Falcon describing MJ-12 policy as headquartered at the [[U.S. Naval Observatory|United States Naval Observatory]] with the [[United States Navy]] responsible for field operations, followed by a flow chart "created by William Moore and Jaime Shandera."[^24] Moore said on July 1, 1989 that "shortly after the show, the FBI showed up and began asking questions about it," arranged a private showing in the office of the producer, and interviewed ufologists including Shandera, and that a July 1988 Freedom of Information Act response acknowledged nearly sixty pages of classified FBI material on him; he called some of the Falcon and Condor material disinformation and some of it true.[^19] The writer [[Barry Taff]] wrote that the producer was later visited by a local FBI agent, a visit he called confirmed, with no date given.[^25] Doty wrote on March 3, 1989 that he was not Falcon and had been "exonerated by Government Investigative Agencies."[^26]
### The FBI file, 1988 to 1991
@ -89,13 +101,13 @@ The FBI's "Majestic 12" file, number 65-81170, opens with a Dallas airtel to the
On December 2, 1988 the Director sent Dallas a teletype stating that OSI had advised on November 30, 1988 that the document was fabricated, that "copies of that document have been distributed to various parts of the [[United States]]," that "the document is completely bogus," and that Dallas was to close the investigation. A note adds: "This advises Dallas that the document was bogus and the case should be closed."[^3]
On October 18, 1991 an employee of a Utah entity, name redacted, found a nine-page document dated November 18, 1952 lying on the lobby floor of his workplace and delivered it that afternoon to the receptionist of the FBI's [[Salt Lake City]] field office. Salt Lake City initially dismissed the document and its markings as a hoax. On October 25, 1991 a supervisory special agent there telephoned a contact at the [[Department of Defense]], asking about "Operation Majestic-12," the Air Force's "[[Project Sign]]" and "[[Project Grudge]]." The airtel of October 31, 1991 to the Director, classified confidential, states: "Based upon DOD representations made to SSA [redacted] which, incredibly, tended to buttress a portion of the document, he discussed this matter with DAD Brandon on 10/30/91." It asks the Intelligence Division, section CI-2, to determine any Defense Department interest and carries an editorial comment that the airtel is dated on Halloween and that it "could have been worse, and dated on the first of April."[^19] On November 15, 1991 [[Harry B. Brandon III]], acting assistant director of the Intelligence Division, wrote to the commander of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations at [[Bolling Air Force Base]] that the FBI had recovered what might be a classified document dated November 18, 1952 relating to "Operation Majestic 12," which "indicates that this project related to sightings/recovery of extra-terrestrial aircraft"; that "although this document may represent some type of hoax, it is our responsibility to insure that all incidents involving the mishandling of classified data receive adequate investigative attention"; and asked OSI to ascertain the originator or the current classification. The letter is marked "By Liaison" and carries a handwritten delivery endorsement.[^19] The file, which the FBI posted as a single part of 24 pages, contains no OSI reply to the 1991 request.[^19]
On October 18, 1991 an employee of a Utah entity, name redacted, found a nine-page document dated November 18, 1952 lying on the lobby floor of his workplace and delivered it that afternoon to the receptionist of the FBI's [[Salt Lake City]] field office. Salt Lake City initially dismissed the document and its markings as a hoax. On October 25, 1991 a supervisory special agent there telephoned a contact at the [[Department of Defense]], asking about "Operation Majestic-12," the Air Force's "[[Project Sign]]" and "[[Project Grudge]]." The airtel of October 31, 1991 to the Director, classified confidential, states: "Based upon DOD representations made to SSA [redacted] which, incredibly, tended to buttress a portion of the document, he discussed this matter with DAD Brandon on 10/30/91." It asks the Intelligence Division, section CI-2, to determine any Defense Department interest and carries an editorial comment that the airtel is dated on Halloween and that it "could have been worse, and dated on the first of April."[^27] On November 15, 1991 [[Harry B. Brandon III]], acting assistant director of the Intelligence Division, wrote to the commander of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations at [[Bolling Air Force Base]] that the FBI had recovered what might be a classified document dated November 18, 1952 relating to "Operation Majestic 12," which "indicates that this project related to sightings/recovery of extra-terrestrial aircraft"; that "although this document may represent some type of hoax, it is our responsibility to insure that all incidents involving the mishandling of classified data receive adequate investigative attention"; and asked OSI to ascertain the originator or the current classification. The letter is marked "By Liaison" and carries a handwritten delivery endorsement.[^27] The file, which the FBI posted as a single part of 24 pages, contains no OSI reply to the 1991 request.[^27]
Doty said in 2005 that the FBI had investigated him in 1988 or 1989 because it thought he had disclosed the documents, that Klass had raised the matter, and that he offered to take the FBI to the Pentagon, where he said the documents and information on extraterrestrial visitation were kept.[^15] The FBI file as posted does not name him.[^3]
Doty said in 2005 that the FBI had investigated him in 1988 or 1989 because it thought he had disclosed the documents, that Klass had raised the matter, and that he offered to take the FBI to the Pentagon, where he said the documents and information on extraterrestrial visitation were kept.[^16] The FBI file as posted does not name him.[^3]
### National Archives, Air Force and General Accounting Office searches
The National Archives wrote that it had searched the records of the [[U.S. Air Force]] and the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]], that the Truman and Eisenhower libraries had searched for references, and that its search of the National Security Council indexes was negative except for the Cutler memorandum.[^4] At the request of Representative [[Steven Schiff]], Republican of New Mexico, the General Accounting Office examined government records on the 1947 crash near Roswell and reported on July 28, 1995 that it had found only a July 1947 history of the 509th Bomb Group and [[Roswell Army Air Field]] and an FBI teletype of July 8, 1947, that Roswell Army Air Field administrative records from March 1945 through December 1949 and outgoing messages from October 1946 through December 1949 had been destroyed without any indication on the disposition form of who destroyed them or under what authority, and that responses from the FBI, the Department of Defense, the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and the National Security Council produced no other records on the crash. The report describes a July 1994 Air Force report concluding that the most likely source of the wreckage was a balloon-launched classified project to determine the state of Soviet nuclear weapons research.[^20] The report does not mention MJ-12.[^20]
The National Archives wrote that it had searched the records of the U.S. Air Force and the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]], that the Truman and Eisenhower libraries had searched for references, and that its search of the National Security Council indexes was negative except for the Cutler memorandum.[^4] At the request of Representative [[Steven Schiff]], Republican of New Mexico, the General Accounting Office examined government records on the 1947 crash near Roswell and reported on July 28, 1995 that it had found only a July 1947 history of the 509th Bomb Group and [[Roswell Army Air Field]] and an FBI teletype of July 8, 1947, that Roswell Army Air Field administrative records from March 1945 through December 1949 and outgoing messages from October 1946 through December 1949 had been destroyed without any indication on the disposition form of who destroyed them or under what authority, and that responses from the FBI, the Department of Defense, the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and the National Security Council produced no other records on the crash. The report describes a July 1994 Air Force report concluding that the most likely source of the wreckage was a balloon-launched classified project to determine the state of Soviet nuclear weapons research.[^28] The text of the report as served by govinfo.gov contains no occurrence of "Majestic," "MJ-12," "MJ12" or "Aquarius" (searched).[^28]
### Footnotes
@ -103,19 +115,27 @@ The National Archives wrote that it had searched the records of the [[U.S. Air F
[^2]: Philip J. Klass, Skeptics UFO Newsletter no. 44, March 1997, pp. 1 to 5, https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/docs/SUN/SUN44.pdf
[^3]: FBI, "Majestic 12," file 65-81170, Part 01: SAC Dallas airtel to Director, "Unsub(s); Possible Disclosure of Classified Information Regarding Operation Majestic-12; ESP-X," October 25, 1988 (PDF pp. 2 to 3); Director to FBI Dallas teletype, December 2, 1988 (PDF pp. 8 and 10), same URL.
[^4]: National Archives and Records Administration, "Project BLUE BOOK - Unidentified Flying Objects," including "Majestic 12 or 'MJ-12' Reference Report," https://www.archives.gov/research/military/air-force/ufos (printout of June 13, 2013).
[^5]: Stanton T. Friedman, "Update on Operation Majestic 12 Documents," April 2004, posted by The Black Vault on January 17, 2024, https://www.theblackvault.com/casefiles/update-on-operation-majestic-12-documents/
[^6]: Gerald K. Haines, "CIA's Role in the Study of UFOs, 1947-90: A Die-Hard Issue," Studies in Intelligence (1997), sections on the Robertson Panel and on 1958 requests by Keyhoe and Davidson, https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/static/cia-role-study-UFOs.pdf
[^7]: William L. Moore and Jaime H. Shandera, The MJ-12 Documents: An Analytical Report (Fund for UFO Research, 1990), "The MJ-12 Documents (Dec. 1984)," pp. 3 and 29, excerpt at http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/The-MJ-12-Documents-An-Analytical-Report-Excerpts.pdf
[^8]: Philip J. Klass, "The New Bogus Majestic-12 Documents," Skeptical Inquirer, May/June 2000, pp. 44 to 46, https://centerforinquiry.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2000/05/22164853/p44.pdf
[^9]: Moore and Shandera, MJ-12 Documents, "The Cutler-Twining Memorandum (Jul. 1985)," pp. 61 to 62, same excerpt.
[^10]: Message R 171130Z NOV 80, FM HQ AFOSI Bolling AFB DC/IVOE to AFOSI Dist 17 Kirtland AFB NM/BID, Moore and Shandera, MJ-12 Documents, Appendix C, p. 83, http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/S18-Aquarius-Document.pdf
[^11]: Susan Cooksey, Freedom of Information Manager, Air Force Intelligence Service, letter to Peter L. Clarke, KOB Television, December 5, 1983, printout of a reproduction at http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/KOB-TV-Bennewitz-FOIA.pdf
[^12]: Moore and Shandera, MJ-12 Documents, "The Aquarius Document (Feb. 1981)," pp. 7 to 9, quoting Moore in FOCUS, June 30, 1989, p. 13, and September 30, 1989, p. 8.
[^13]: Moore and Shandera, MJ-12 Documents, "The Carter Briefing Notes (Mar. '83)," p. 21, quoted in Klass, Skeptics UFO Newsletter no. 44, March 1997, p. 2.
[^14]: Robert Hastings, "The MJ-12 Affair: Facts, Questions, Comments," March 1, 1989, https://sacred-texts.com/ufo/hastings.htm
[^15]: "Greg Bishop and Richard Doty, Coast to Coast AM with host Art Bell," transcript of the broadcast of February 27, 2005, http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/S5-Greg-Bishop-and-Richard-Doty-Coast-to-Coast-AM-with-host-Art-Bell-Interview-Transcript.pdf (transcript; audio not reviewed).
[^16]: James W. Moseley, ed., Saucer Smear, vol. 47, July 15, 2000, "Missives from the Masses" (letter of Richard Doty), http://www.martiansgohome.com/smear/v47/ss000715.htm (printout of June 14, 2013), pp. 6 to 7.
[^17]: Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance: The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974 (CIA History Staff, 1992; released June 25, 2013), chapter 2, p. 56, https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB434/docs/U2%20-%20Chapter%202.pdf
[^18]: Curt Collins, "Bill Moore and UFO Disinformation Accusations," Blue Blurry Lines, April 29, 2022, https://www.blueblurrylines.com/2019/12/bill-moore-on-hynek-and-vallee.html , quoting Moore's speech at the MUFON Symposium, Las Vegas, July 1, 1989 (MUFON UFO Journal, November and December 1989). The speech text was not obtained.
[^19]: FBI, "Majestic 12," file 65-81170, Part 01: SAC Salt Lake City airtel to Director, "Majestic-12; ESP-X," October 31, 1991 (PDF pp. 11 to 13); Harry B. Brandon III, Acting Assistant Director, Intelligence Division, FBI, letter to Commander, Office of Special Investigations, Department of the Air Force, Bolling AFB, November 15, 1991 (PDF p. 14), same URL.
[^20]: General Accounting Office, Government Records: Results of a Search for Records Concerning the 1947 Crash Near Roswell, New Mexico, GAO/NSIAD-95-187, July 28, 1995, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-95-187/pdf/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-95-187.pdf
[^5]: "Willcutts Report on Forrestal's Death," James V. Forrestal Papers, Box 94, Folder 11, Princeton University Library, https://findingaids.princeton.edu/catalog/MC051_c04531 ; Forrestal Papers finding aid MC051, https://findingaids.princeton.edu/catalog/MC051.xml
[^6]: Stanton T. Friedman, "Update on Operation Majestic 12 Documents," April 2004, posted by The Black Vault on January 17, 2024, https://www.theblackvault.com/casefiles/update-on-operation-majestic-12-documents/
[^7]: Gerald K. Haines, "CIA's Role in the Study of UFOs, 1947-90: A Die-Hard Issue," Studies in Intelligence (1997), sections on the Robertson Panel and on 1958 requests by Keyhoe and Davidson, https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/static/cia-role-study-UFOs.pdf
[^8]: William L. Moore and Jaime H. Shandera, The MJ-12 Documents: An Analytical Report (Fund for UFO Research, 1990), "The MJ-12 Documents (Dec. 1984)," pp. 3 and 29, excerpt at http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/The-MJ-12-Documents-An-Analytical-Report-Excerpts.pdf
[^9]: Philip J. Klass, "The New Bogus Majestic-12 Documents," Skeptical Inquirer, May/June 2000, pp. 44 to 46, https://centerforinquiry.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2000/05/22164853/p44.pdf
[^10]: Moore and Shandera, MJ-12 Documents, "The Cutler-Twining Memorandum (Jul. 1985)," pp. 61 to 62, same excerpt.
[^11]: Message R 171130Z NOV 80, FM HQ AFOSI Bolling AFB DC/IVOE to AFOSI Dist 17 Kirtland AFB NM/BID, Moore and Shandera, MJ-12 Documents, Appendix C, p. 83, http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/S18-Aquarius-Document.pdf
[^12]: Susan Cooksey, Freedom of Information Manager, Air Force Intelligence Service, letter to Peter L. Clarke, KOB Television, December 5, 1983, printout of a reproduction at http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/KOB-TV-Bennewitz-FOIA.pdf
[^13]: Moore and Shandera, MJ-12 Documents, "The Aquarius Document (Feb. 1981)," pp. 7 to 9, quoting Moore in FOCUS, June 30, 1989, p. 13, and September 30, 1989, p. 8.
[^14]: Moore and Shandera, MJ-12 Documents, "The Carter Briefing Notes (Mar. '83)," p. 21, quoted in Klass, Skeptics UFO Newsletter no. 44, March 1997, p. 2.
[^15]: Robert Hastings, "The MJ-12 Affair: Facts, Questions, Comments," March 1, 1989, https://sacred-texts.com/ufo/hastings.htm
[^16]: "Greg Bishop and Richard Doty, Coast to Coast AM with host Art Bell," transcript of the broadcast of February 27, 2005, http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/S5-Greg-Bishop-and-Richard-Doty-Coast-to-Coast-AM-with-host-Art-Bell-Interview-Transcript.pdf (transcript; audio not reviewed).
[^17]: James W. Moseley, ed., Saucer Smear, vol. 47, July 15, 2000, "Missives from the Masses" (letter of Richard Doty), http://www.martiansgohome.com/smear/v47/ss000715.htm (printout of June 14, 2013), pp. 6 to 7.
[^18]: William L. Moore and Jaime H. Shandera, *The MJ-12 Documents: An Analytical Report* (Fund for UFO Research, 1990), "The Aquarius Teletype," pp. 8 to 9, http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/The-MJ-12-Documents-An-Analytical-Report-Excerpts.pdf (scanned excerpt, read as page images).
[^19]: William L. Moore, "UFOs and the U.S. Government, Part I," address to the MUFON International UFO Symposium, Las Vegas, July 1, 1989, video recorded by Ron Regehr (Internet Archive item bill-moore-1989-mufon), read in the caption transcript of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUfimKiS-po; captions mis-render some names and are corrected here. The printed version in the MUFON UFO Journal of November and December 1989 was not obtained.
[^20]: Gregory W. Pedlow and Donald E. Welzenbach, The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance: The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974 (CIA History Staff, 1992; released June 25, 2013), chapter 2, p. 56, https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB434/docs/U2%20-%20Chapter%202.pdf
[^21]: Curt Collins, "Bill Moore and UFO Disinformation Accusations," Blue Blurry Lines, April 29, 2022, https://www.blueblurrylines.com/2019/12/bill-moore-on-hynek-and-vallee.html , quoting Moore's speech at the MUFON Symposium, Las Vegas, July 1, 1989 (MUFON UFO Journal, November and December 1989). The speech text was not obtained.
[^22]: Mark Pilkington, *Mirage Men* (2010), chapters "Aviary," "The ET Factor" and "MJ-12" and notes, https://avalonlibrary.net/ebooks/Mark%20Pilkington%20-%20Mirage%20Men%20-%20A%20Journey%20into%20Disinformation,%20Paranoia%20and%20UFOs.pdf
[^23]: Timothy Good, ed., *The UFO Report 1990*, "Editor's Foreword" (April 1989), pp. vii to viii, https://archive.org/download/DavidJacobsTheUFOControversyInAmerica/Timothy%20Good%20(Ed.)%20-%20The%20UFO%20Report_djvu.txt
[^24]: Linda Moulton Howe, *An Alien Harvest*, 2nd ed. (2014), pp. 193 to 196, https://archive.org/details/howe-l.-m.-an-alien-harvest-2nd-ed-2014
[^25]: Barry E. Taff, "UFO Cover-Up? Live!: The Untold Story," part 3, UFO BBS file UFO137, http://textfiles.com/ufo/UFOBBS/0000/137.ufo
[^26]: Richard C. Doty, letter of March 3, 1989, http://textfiles.com/ufo/doty.ufo
[^27]: FBI, "Majestic 12," file 65-81170, Part 01: SAC Salt Lake City airtel to Director, "Majestic-12; ESP-X," October 31, 1991 (PDF pp. 11 to 13); Harry B. Brandon III, Acting Assistant Director, Intelligence Division, FBI, letter to Commander, Office of Special Investigations, Department of the Air Force, Bolling AFB, November 15, 1991 (PDF p. 14), same URL.
[^28]: General Accounting Office, Government Records: Results of a Search for Records Concerning the 1947 Crash Near Roswell, New Mexico, GAO/NSIAD-95-187, July 28, 1995, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-95-187/pdf/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-95-187.pdf

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---
category: "Historical Phenomenon"
tags:
- UFO
- Television
- MJ12
- Aviary
- Disinformation
- 1988
alias:
- UFO Cover-Up Live
- UFO Cover-Up? Live
- UFO Cover-Up? Live!
- UFO Cover-Up... Live!
- UFO Cover Up: Live!
- UFO Cover Up? Live
- UFOS: Government Coverup-Live
- UFO Coverup Live
- Cover-up... Live
summary: "Two-hour syndicated television special of October 14, 1988 in which the shadowed, voice-altered sources Falcon and Condor described Majestic-12 and a living extraterrestrial held by the United States."
start: 1988-10-14
location: "Los Angeles, California"
relations:
- type: partner_of
with: "[[LBS Communications]]"
start: 1988
role: "syndicated the two-hour special as Lexington Broadcast Service; the copyright notice in Linda Moulton Howe's reproduction reads 'LBS Extraterrestrials, Inc.'"
fn: 2
created: 2026-10-03
updated: 2026-10-03
---
"UFO Cover-Up? Live!" was a two-hour prime-time television special syndicated by [[LBS Communications]] and broadcast on October 14, 1988, although it was recorded earlier. [[Timothy Good]], in a foreword dated April 1989, wrote that on October 14, 1988 the two-hour documentary was shown in the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]], with live participation from [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Gulf Breeze, Florida]] and [[Moscow]], that it was produced by [[Michael Seligman]] and distributed by Lexington Broadcast Service, and that a telephone poll during and after the program reported 30,835 viewers who had experienced a close encounter of the first kind and 2,969 who claimed to have been abducted.[^13] The [[Staten Island Advance]] listed the special for 8 p.m. on October 14, 1988 on Channel 11 ([[WPIX]], New York) as "UFO Cover-Up?...Live," described as a two-hour telecast from LBS Communications hosted by [[Mike Farrell]] that included "startling testimony by government officials regarding UFO phenomena and alien contacts."[^16] [[Barry Taff]], its original writer, gave the date in his account (undated in the BBS copy), as did [[Linda Moulton Howe]] and the person who uploaded a recording to the [[Internet Archive]]; [[Mark Pilkington]] gave October 18.[^1][^2][^3][^4] In it two men, their faces in shadow and their voices electronically altered, were identified as "Falcon, Government Intelligence Official" and, as "a scientist," "Condor."[^2] [[Robert Hastings]] reported in 1989 that a member of the production team identified them as [[Richard Doty]] and [[Robert M. Collins]]; Doty and Collins denied it then, and Collins wrote in *[[Exempt from Disclosure]]* that he was Condor and that Doty was "the surrogate Falcon."[^5][^6][^7] [[William L. Moore]] said on July 1, 1989 that the name Falcon was his and [[Jaime Shandera]]'s invention of 1984, that hints in 1987 that Falcon was Doty were a diversion suggested by Falcon and agreed to by Doty, and that the program was where that diversion took effect.[^14]
### Production
Taff wrote that the staff included [[Tracy Tormé]], [[Curt Brubaker]], [[Robert Emenegger]] and [[Marty Pasetta Jr.|Marty (J. R.) Pasetta Jr.]], and that William L. Moore, Jaime Shandera and [[Stanton Friedman]] were consultants. He was told the budget was about $1,250,000 and later learned it was closer to $825,000, and wrote that the producer, whom he did not name, was friendly at first and, "after having several meetings during production with 'Condor' and 'Falcon,'" became paranoid and dictatorial; that he then demanded to see every page and rejected the treatment as "too serious," saying "I want copy, schlock, camp"; and that Emenegger, Brubaker and Tormé withdrew.[^4] Collins and Pilkington each named the producer: Collins wrote of "Executive Producer Seligman," and Pilkington of Michael Seligman, a former colleague of Emenegger at [[Grey Advertising]] who had produced [[Academy Awards]] ceremonies and who, Emenegger told him, "was too interested in making money to be part of the UFO conspiracy."[^7][^8] Taff wrote that the cooperation of "several government intelligence sources" included Emenegger's offer to ask his sources for never-before-seen footage of a supposed landing at [[Holloman Air Force Base]] and tracking-camera footage of a missile launch with a UFO beside it, and that both were withheld.[^4]
Collins described the arrangements in detail. In August 1988 Moore, Shandera, Seligman, Doty, Collins and the retired Air Force lieutenant colonel [[Ernie Kellerstrauss|Ernie Kellerstrass]] met at a state park near [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]], [[Ohio]], each at a separate contact point from a map Kellerstrass drew; a man in a speedboat said "You guys with Bill Moore? We are here for you." The storm changed the plan. Collins wrote that Kellerstrass brought a companion from "[[Detachment 22|DET 22]]," that Seligman asked to see picture identification and hired a congressional investigator to check the men's affiliations, and that "they all checked out." In September 1988 in [[Albuquerque]], Moore and Shandera filmed Doty as Falcon, Collins as Condor, and Doty unmasked as "Special OSI Agent Rick Doty," which was cut for time.[^7] Taff wrote that the creative staff made up cards numbered "MJ 1" to "MJ 12" for their desks as a joke about rumors that the show was controlled by insiders.[^4]
### Content
Howe transcribed Falcon as saying that elected officials including the President and Vice President, and the [[Director of Central Intelligence]] and the Director of the [[National Security Agency]], are briefed on MJ-12 activities; that MJ-12 policy is headquartered at the [[U.S. Naval Observatory|United States Naval Observatory]] in Washington with the [[United States Navy]] responsible for field operations; that as of 1988 one extraterrestrial lived as a guest of the government, after a first captured in [[New Mexico]] and held for three years and a second, part of an exchange program; that a "Yellow Book" was written by the second; and that an octagonal crystal in an extraterrestrial's hand displays pictures. After Falcon, a flow chart of authority "created by William Moore and Jaime Shandera" was shown.[^2] Howe transcribed Condor as saying that an agreement had been signed under which "we won't disclose your (ET) existence if you do not interfere in our (Earth human) society," and that the base was at [[Area 51]], "Dreamland."[^2] Pilkington wrote that the guests also included Emenegger, who told the Holloman story, and [[Paul Shartle]], who confirmed having seen the Holloman footage, and that the informants described extraterrestrials who liked vegetables, strawberry ice cream and Tibetan music.[^8]
### Sequence, September 1988 to December 1988
On September 15, 1988 an AFOSI special agent, name redacted, contacted the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] office in [[Dallas]] about a possible classified document concerning [[Majestic-12|Operation Majestic-12]]; the Dallas airtel of October 25, 1988 reported two radio talk-show appearances on the subject in the previous six weeks and the document's receipt from a person who said an individual "at the school" had given it to him.[^9] Doty retired from the [[U.S. Air Force]] on September 30, 1988.[^10] The program aired on October 14. On November 30 AFOSI advised the FBI that the document was fabricated, and on December 2, 1988 FBI headquarters told Dallas the document was "completely bogus" and the case was to be closed.[^9] In early December 1988, according to Hastings, a member of the production team identified Falcon and Condor to him.[^5] Moore said on July 1, 1989 that after the broadcast "the FBI showed up and began asking questions about it," arranged a private showing in the office of the producer, Michael Seligman, and interviewed ufologists on both coasts including Shandera, but avoided him; he added that a [[Freedom of Information Act]] response of July 1988 had acknowledged nearly sixty pages of classified material on him.[^14] Taff wrote that the producer was later visited by a local FBI agent, a visit Taff described as confirmed, apparently to discuss the show and its contents, for reasons unknown to the staff, and that this visit and the repeated visits by Falcon and Condor may have contributed to the rumors; Taff gave no date for the visit.[^4] Doty wrote on March 3, 1989 that he was not "the Falcon mentioned in the Television program last October" and that he had "been exonerated by Government Investigative Agencies regarding that matter."[^11] Collins wrote that after the broadcast, "as we found out later, the phones were burning off the hook in Washington D.C." and that two high-level contacts approached Moore and Shandera, adding "two new birds" to the group.[^7]
### Reception and later statements
Taff wrote that the final program was "an amateurish attempt," with "a set of horrid glowing pyramids" and in-studio guests, except for the skeptics, reading from teleprompters.[^4] Moore said in the speech that "at least some of that information falls under the category of disinformation" and that he was "equally convinced that some of it is true," and that Falcon and Condor knew they would be identified on the show as confidential government informants.[^14] [[Barry Greenwood]] of [[Citizens Against UFO Secrecy]] wrote after the speech to the [[Mutual UFO Network]] that "a fair portion of the last hour [was] wasted in presenting what Moore admits to be false data."[^12] A recording of the broadcast with its commercials was uploaded to the Internet Archive in 2024 and runs about two hours; a shorter copy of about eighty-six minutes was uploaded in 2022. Neither soundtrack was transcribed for this page.[^3][^15]
### Footnotes
[^1]: "UFO Cover-Up? Live!: The Untold Story," by Barry E. Taff, part 1, UFO BBS file UFO135 (reprinted from UFO Magazine and ParaNet, with an editorial note by Vicki Cooper), http://textfiles.com/ufo/UFOBBS/0000/135.ufo ("When the final product aired on October 14 of that year").
[^2]: Linda Moulton Howe, *An Alien Harvest*, 2nd ed. (2014), pp. 193 to 196 (quoting the "October 14, 1988 syndicated television program UFOS: Government Coverup-Live," with a copyright note "Copyright 1988 by LBS Extraterrestrials, Inc. Reprinted by permission"), https://archive.org/details/howe-l.-m.-an-alien-harvest-2nd-ed-2014
[^3]: Internet Archive item youtube-gXCdaBu0Now, "UFO Cover Up : LIVE! (Oct 10th, 1988 Live Broadcast)," uploaded by the account "Occult Demon Cassette," description "Broadcast 10/14/88," running time 7,201 seconds, https://archive.org/details/youtube-gXCdaBu0Now. The item title says October 10; the description says October 14.
[^4]: Taff, "UFO Cover-Up? Live!: The Untold Story," parts 1 to 3, UFO BBS files UFO135, UFO136 and UFO137, http://textfiles.com/ufo/UFOBBS/0000/135.ufo, .../136.ufo, .../137.ufo. Taff does not name the producer. Sole source for the passages so cited.
[^5]: Robert Hastings, "The MJ-12 Affair: Facts, Questions, Comments," March 1, 1989, Wayback Machine capture of October 28, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20161028084620/http://www.sacred-texts.com/ufo/hastings.htm. The production-team member is not named.
[^6]: Hastings, same, on denials by Doty and Collins; see also the letter of Richard C. Doty of March 3, 1989 in note 11.
[^7]: Robert Collins and Richard Doty, *Exempt from Disclosure: The Black World of UFOs*, introduction and Section 1, "And We Became Birds," "August 1988: Cloak & Dagger," "September 1988," https://archive.org/details/exempt-from-disclosure (Collins's account; the archive copy is dated 2010 in its metadata).
[^8]: Mark Pilkington, *Mirage Men* (Constable, 2010), chapter on the Holloman landing and Project Aquarius (the program "aired on 18 October and produced by . . . Michael Seligman"), https://avalonlibrary.net/ebooks/Mark%20Pilkington%20-%20Mirage%20Men%20-%20A%20Journey%20into%20Disinformation,%20Paranoia%20and%20UFOs.pdf. Pilkington gives October 18 for the airing; Taff, Howe, Collins and the archive description give October 14.
[^9]: FBI, "Majestic 12," file 65-81170, Part 01: SAC Dallas airtel to Director, October 25, 1988; Director to FBI Dallas, teletype, December 2, 1988, https://vault.fbi.gov/Majestic%2012/Majestic%2012%20Part%2001%20%28Final%29/at_download/file
[^10]: National Personnel Records Center, Doty service record, as summarized on the Richard Doty page, citing http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/Doty-Service-Records1.pdf
[^11]: Richard C. Doty, letter of March 3, 1989 to an unnamed correspondent, http://textfiles.com/ufo/doty.ufo
[^12]: "E B E's," part 17, UFO BBS file UFO1036, http://textfiles.com/ufo/UFOBBS/1000/1036.ufo, quoting Greenwood in *Just Cause*, September 1989 (author of the text not identified in the copy consulted).
[^13]: Timothy Good, ed., *The UFO Report 1990* (Sidgwick and Jackson), "Editor's Foreword" (dated London, April 1989), pp. vii to viii, and Editor's references, note 2, https://archive.org/download/DavidJacobsTheUFOControversyInAmerica/Timothy%20Good%20(Ed.)%20-%20The%20UFO%20Report_djvu.txt (OCR text read). Good also wrote that "I have been informed that their credentials, at least, are bona fide," and that "all this could be disinformation, of course."
[^14]: William L. Moore, address to the MUFON International UFO Symposium, Las Vegas, July 1, 1989, from the caption transcript of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUfimKiS-po (video of the Ron Regehr recording, Internet Archive item bill-moore-1989-mufon); names corrected from mis-rendered captions.
[^15]: Internet Archive item ufo-cover-up-live-1988, "UFO Cover Up LIVE - 1988," uploaded February 23, 2022, running time about 5,141 seconds, https://archive.org/details/ufo-cover-up-live-1988
[^16]: "UFO Cover-Up?...Live," Staten Island Advance (Staten Island), October 14, 1988, p. 49, https://www.newspapers.com/image/1117484604/

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ The Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee, chaired by [[Manfred Gale]] of
### Membership and Visits
The roster printed as annex 1: [[Douglas Tang]], chief of biostatistics and mathematics at the [[Walter Reed Army Institute of Research]]; Colonel [[Harry Holloway]], professor and chairman of psychiatry at the [[Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences]]; [[Frank Cartwright|W. Frank Cartwright]] of the [[Naval Weapons Center]], China Lake; Richard Montgomery, consultant; [[Jesse Orlansky]] of the science and technology division of the [[Institute for Defense Analyses]]; [[Harry Snyder]], professor of industrial engineering and operations research at [[Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University|Virginia Tech]]; Major General (retired) Laddie Stahl, consultant; Major [[William Stoner]] of the Army staff (DAMI-ISH), coordinator; and Gale (DAMA-ZD), chairman. The vote recorded in the report is of eight; Gale's distribution memorandum of January 1980 speaks of "the seven Committee members" apart from himself. The committee visited the Combat Developments Experimentation Command at [[Fort Ord]] on July 23, 1979, SRI on July 24 and 25 ([[Russell Targ]], [[Hal Puthoff]], [[Charles Tart]]), Redstone Arsenal on July 26, the [[National Security Council]] at the Executive Office Building on August 1, [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] headquarters on September 4, [[Princeton University]] and [[Bell Labs]] at Holmdel on September 8 ([[Robert Jahn]] and [[Robert Lucky]]), [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]] on September 26 ([[Jack Vorona]]), INSCOM at Fort Meade on September 28 ([[Murray Watt]]), AMSAA on November 6, [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|Lawrence Livermore]] ([[R. S. Hawke]]) and the Foreign Technology Division at [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]], with a final executive session at the Pentagon on December 10.[^1][^2]
The roster printed as annex 1: [[Douglas Tang]], chief of biostatistics and mathematics at the [[Walter Reed Army Institute of Research]]; Colonel [[Harry Holloway]], professor and chairman of psychiatry at the [[Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences]]; [[Frank Cartwright|W. Frank Cartwright]] of the [[Naval Weapons Center]], China Lake; Richard Montgomery, consultant; [[Jesse Orlansky]] of the science and technology division of the [[Institute for Defense Analyses]]; [[Harry Snyder]], professor of industrial engineering and operations research at [[Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University|Virginia Tech]]; Major General (retired) Laddie Stahl, consultant; Major [[William Stoner]] of the Army staff (DAMI-ISH), coordinator; and Gale (DAMA-ZD), chairman. The vote recorded in the report is of eight; Gale's distribution memorandum of January 1980 speaks of "the seven Committee members" apart from himself. The committee visited the Combat Developments Experimentation Command at [[Fort Ord]] on July 23, 1979, SRI on July 24 and 25 ([[Russell Targ]], [[Hal Puthoff]], [[Charles Tart]]), Redstone Arsenal on July 26, the [[National Security Council]] at the Executive Office Building on August 1, [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] headquarters on September 4, [[Princeton University]] and [[Bell Labs]] at Holmdel on September 8 ([[Robert Jahn]] and [[Robert Lucky]]), [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]] on September 26 ([[Jack Vorona]]), INSCOM at Fort Meade on September 28 ([[Murray Watt]]), AMSAA on November 6, [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|Lawrence Livermore]] ([[R. S. Hawke]]) and the [[Foreign Technology Division]] at [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]], with a final executive session at the Pentagon on December 10.[^1][^2]
### The Chronology

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@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ relations:
end: 1953-01-17
fn: 10
created: 2026-10-01
updated: 2026-10-01
updated: 2026-10-02
---
The Robertson Panel was a group of five scientists convened by the [[Office of Scientific Intelligence]] of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] to review [[Air Technical Intelligence Center]] files on unidentified flying objects. It met in January 1953, reported that the sightings showed no direct physical threat to national security, and recommended that the national security agencies "strip the Unidentified Flying Objects of the special status they have been given and the aura of mystery they have unfortunately acquired."[^1]
@ -175,15 +175,17 @@ On 22 September 1958 Keyhoe wrote to the Agency as the committee's director that
Haines wrote that the Air Force again asked in July 1966 for declassification of the Panel report and the Durant report, after the [[House Armed Services Committee]] hearings and "Dr. Robertson's disclosure on a CBS Reports program that CIA indeed had been involved in UFO analysis"; the Condon Report, printed in 1968, refers to Robertson as "the late Prof. H. P. Robertson."[^2][^7] On 15 August 1966 the Office of Scientific Intelligence's deputy director, [[Karl H. Weber]], wrote to the Air Force that "We are most anxious that further publicity not be given to the information that the panel was sponsored by the CIA." [[James E. McDonald]] of the [[University of Arizona]] had read the Durant report at Wright-Patterson on 6 June 1966 and was refused a second look on 30 June as it was an Agency document. The science editor of the [[Saturday Review]], [[John Lear]], criticized the sanitized version on 3 September 1966.[^2][^17]
[[Paul E. McCarthy]] wrote that when [[James E. McDonald]] first visited [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]] on June 6, 1966, the 1953 Robertson Panel report "received routine declassification after 12 years" by Major [[Hector Quintanilla]], who approved his note taking; that when he returned on June 30 and asked for a Xerox copy, Colonel [[Louis DeGoes]] told him it would need an authorization; and that on his third visit, July 20 to 22, DeGoes told him the CIA had decided to reclassify the document. McDonald's note on the episode, written in October 1966, states that neither DeGoes nor Dr. [[Cacciopo]], chief scientist at the [[Foreign Technology Division]], showed interest in the CIA involvement, and McDonald began to discuss the report in his lectures that month. Replying to a letter from McDonald of October 1, [[Richard Hall]] of [[NICAP]] wrote that the sanitized report would be forwarded within a week once the [[John E. Moss|Moss]] subcommittee obtained its release.[^19]
### Publication in the Condon Report
The report was declassified in the summer of 1966 and printed as Appendix U of the [[Condon Committee]]'s Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects, with some names deleted; the Condon Report states that the record is "still partially classified to the extent that the names of some of the members are deleted."[^7] The editors of the online edition restored deletions, which they marked in braces, from a copy they obtained from the [[Parascope]] site and checked against a [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] copy. The deleted items included the names of Alvarez, Chadwell, Strong, Oder, Stevenson, Neasham, Woo, Hynek, Fournet, Smith, Possony and Garland, the words "Office of Scientific Intelligence," the "Assistant Director for Scientific Intelligence," "Battelle Memorial Institute" and the Intelligence Advisory Committee, and one tab.[^1][^19] Haines wrote that in 1967 Agency officials agreed that the Condon Committee could release the full Durant report "with only minor deletions."[^2]
The report was declassified in the summer of 1966 and printed as Appendix U of the [[Condon Committee]]'s Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects, with some names deleted; the Condon Report states that the record is "still partially classified to the extent that the names of some of the members are deleted."[^7] The editors of the online edition restored deletions, which they marked in braces, from a copy they obtained from the [[Parascope]] site and checked against a [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] copy. The deleted items included the names of Alvarez, Chadwell, Strong, Oder, Stevenson, Neasham, Woo, Hynek, Fournet, Smith, Possony and Garland, the words "Office of Scientific Intelligence," the "Assistant Director for Scientific Intelligence," "Battelle Memorial Institute" and the Intelligence Advisory Committee, and one tab.[^1][^20] Haines wrote that in 1967 Agency officials agreed that the Condon Committee could release the full Durant report "with only minor deletions."[^2]
The Condon Report described the Panel as five scientists "who had distinguished themselves in physics research and in their contributions to military research during and after World War II," said that a group of this competence could review the subject in a week, stated that "no official steps were ever taken to put into effect the training and 'debunking' recommendations," and held that "the word debunking means to take the bunk out of a subject."[^7][^20]
The Condon Report described the Panel as five scientists "who had distinguished themselves in physics research and in their contributions to military research during and after World War II," said that a group of this competence could review the subject in a week, stated that "no official steps were ever taken to put into effect the training and 'debunking' recommendations," and held that "the word debunking means to take the bunk out of a subject."[^7][^21]
### Later references
The Scientific Advisory Board committee under [[Brian O'Brien]] that reviewed Project Blue Book in 1966 gave "particular attention" to the Panel report. An Air Force action memorandum of 20 October 1969 recommending termination of Blue Book quoted the Panel's finding of no direct physical threat and added that "in spite of this finding, the Air Force continued to maintain a special reporting system."[^21][^22]
The Scientific Advisory Board committee under [[Brian O'Brien]] that reviewed Project Blue Book in 1966 gave "particular attention" to the Panel report. An Air Force action memorandum of 20 October 1969 recommending termination of Blue Book quoted the Panel's finding of no direct physical threat and added that "in spite of this finding, the Air Force continued to maintain a special reporting system."[^22][^23]
In 1975 [[William Spaulding]] of [[Ground Saucer Watch]] asked the Agency for the Panel report; a privacy coordinator, [[Gene Wilson]], replied that "at no time prior to the formation of the Robertson Panel and subsequent to the issuance of the panel's report has CIA engaged in the study of the UFO phenomena." Ground Saucer Watch sued under the [[Freedom of Information Act]] in September 1977; a search produced 355 documents of about 900 pages, of which the Agency released all but 57 on 14 December 1978, and a court dismissed the suit in May 1980. Haines wrote that the Agency's Deputy Director for Administration told Director [[Stansfield Turner]] there had been "no organized Agency effort to do research in connection with UFO phenomena nor has there been an organized effort to collect intelligence on UFOs since the 1950s."[^2]
@ -207,7 +209,8 @@ In 1975 [[William Spaulding]] of [[Ground Saucer Watch]] asked the Agency for th
[^16]: "Project Henry," Project 1947, notes of 11 February 1953 (Ruppelt) and 13 July 1953 (Olsson) and the bracketed comment of Jan L. Aldrich, http://www.project1947.com/projecthenry/index.htm.
[^17]: Haines, notes 47 to 51, 72 to 74 and 79, citing Strong's letters and memorandum of 20 December 1957, Berkner's letter of 20 November 1957, Page's letter of 4 December 1957, Weber's letter of 15 August 1966, and Lear, "The Disputed CIA Document on UFOs," Saturday Review, 3 September 1966, p. 45.
[^18]: Donald E. Keyhoe, National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena, to the Central Intelligence Agency, 22 September 1958, with Agency routing slips of 30 September 1958 and note of 2 October 1958, CREST document CIA-RDP80B01676R004000110004-4 (5 pages), https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp80b01676r004000110004-4.
[^19]: Editors' notes in the online Condon Report, Appendix U, https://files.ncas.org/condon/text/appndx-u.htm ("previously deleted names" shown in braces).
[^20]: Condon, Section V, chapter 2, pp. 865 and 877-878.
[^21]: Condon, Appendix A, "Special Report of the USAF Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoc Committee to Review Project 'Blue Book,'" March 1966, section I, https://files.ncas.org/condon/text/appndx-a.htm.
[^22]: Air Force action memorandum, "Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO)," 20 October 1969, with signature block of Brigadier General C. H. Bolender, paragraph 4, text at http://www.nicap.org/Bolender_Memo.htm.
[^19]: Paul E. McCarthy, "Politicking and Paradigm Shifting: James E. McDonald and the UFO Case Study," Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hawaii, 1975, chapter 2, pp. 41 and 58, https://files.ncas.org/mccarthy/chap02.html
[^20]: Editors' notes in the online Condon Report, Appendix U, https://files.ncas.org/condon/text/appndx-u.htm ("previously deleted names" shown in braces).
[^21]: Condon, Section V, chapter 2, pp. 865 and 877-878.
[^22]: Condon, Appendix A, "Special Report of the USAF Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoc Committee to Review Project 'Blue Book,'" March 1966, section I, https://files.ncas.org/condon/text/appndx-a.htm.
[^23]: Air Force action memorandum, "Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO)," 20 October 1969, with signature block of Brigadier General C. H. Bolender, paragraph 4, text at http://www.nicap.org/Bolender_Memo.htm.