vault backup: 2026-10-09 23:53:07

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Dagoberto Nunez.md

@@ -11,14 +11,16 @@ Dagoberto Nuñez was a Cuban [[Bay of Pigs|Bay of Pigs]] veteran and [[Central I
 
 ### CIA and NSC Connections
 
-Nuñez obtained a contract with H&M Corp. to cover an intelligence-gathering operation aimed at Nicaraguan president [[Daniel Ortega]]. According to a 1986 memo from CIA operative [[Robert Owen|Rob Owen]] to North, Nuñez was preparing to sign an agreement for shrimping rights off the Pacific Coast of [[Nicaragua]]. "Nuñez is doing this so he can help us. He will cooperate and do anything we ask," Owen told North. When questioned about his activities, Nuñez revealed that since 1985 he had engaged in a clandestine relationship with the [[National Security Council]], but refused to elaborate on his involvement in narcotics trafficking because of the specific tasks he had performed at the NSC's direction. CIA headquarters ordered an immediate halt to his questioning.[^2]
+Nuñez obtained a contract with H&M Corp. to cover an intelligence-gathering operation aimed at Nicaraguan president [[Daniel Ortega]]. According to a 1986 memo from CIA operative [[Robert Owen|Rob Owen]] to North, Nuñez was preparing to sign an agreement for shrimping rights off the Pacific Coast of [[Nicaragua]]. "Nuñez is doing this so he can help us. He will cooperate and do anything we ask," Owen told North.[^2] Webb's text names Dagoberto Nunez, a Bay of Pigs veteran, as a Costa Rica based associate of North and the CIA who obtained a contract with H&M Corp. for an intelligence-gathering operation against Daniel Ortega, and who with [[Felipe Vidal]] was part of the Costa Rican maritime operations.[^3] The CIA Inspector General's report describes a clandestine relationship with the [[National Security Council]] in the section on [[Moises Nunez]], a Cuban who owned [[Frigorificos de Puntarenas]]; the report uses only the name Moises.[^4] Both men are described as Cuban Bay of Pigs veterans who appear in Rob Owen's memoranda to North on shrimp boats and shrimping ventures in Costa Rica. Whether Dagoberto Nunez and Moises Nunez are one person is not stated in the Inspector General's report, the Senate report or Webb's text.
 
 ### Drug Trafficking Connections
 
-[[John Hull]], a CIA-connected rancher in Costa Rica, hid at the apartment of Nuñez after legal troubles. Nuñez was one of several Cuban Bay of Pigs veterans the CIA deployed to [[Central America]] for Contra operations, bringing with them established connections to the drug trade. His case illustrated how the CIA protected operatives involved in narcotics trafficking by suppressing investigations.[^3]
+[[John Hull]], a CIA-connected rancher in Costa Rica, hid at the apartment of Nuñez after legal troubles. Nuñez was one of several Cuban Bay of Pigs veterans the CIA deployed to [[Central America]] for Contra operations, bringing with them established connections to the drug trade. His case illustrated how the CIA protected operatives involved in narcotics trafficking by suppressing investigations.[^5]
 
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Ch. 15.
 [^2]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Ch. 15, Ch. 14.
-[^3]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Ch. 27.
+[^3]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998, passages on H&M Corp., Owen's memoranda to North, and the Costa Rican maritime operations with Felipe Vidal.
+[^4]: CIA Office of Inspector General, Report of Investigation (unclassified January 29, 1998), paras. 480 to 496, section headed "Moises Nunez," https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-06974497 ; U.S. Senate, S. Prt. 100-165 (December 1988), text at note 140, https://archive.org/details/Kerry-Report-Drugs-Contras
+[^5]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Ch. 27.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jack Ruby.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ tags:
   - Dallas
   - 1960s
 category: "Criminals & Offenders"
-summary: "Jack Ruby (born Jacob Rubenstein) was a Dallas strip club owner with organized crime connections who shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald in the basement of Dallas Police headquarters on November 24, 1963 in front of live television cameras, was convicted of murder but died of cancer in January 1967 before retrial, and whose pre-assassination contacts with mob figures remained a focus of the HSCA's conspiracy investigation."
+summary: "Dallas nightclub owner with organized crime associations who shot Lee Harvey Oswald on November 24, 1963, was convicted of murder and died in January 1967 before retrial."
 born: 1911-03-25
 died: 1967-01-03
 location: "Dallas, Texas"
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Jack Ruby (born Jacob Leon Rubenstein, March 25, 1911, Chicago, Illinois - died
 
 Ruby was raised in Chicago and had worked as a runner and small-time organizer in labor and minor criminal circles there before relocating to Dallas in 1947. He became the operator of a strip club, the Carousel Club, and later a second venue, the Vegas Club.
 
-His organized crime associations were documented by both the [[Warren Commission]] and the [[HSCA|House Select Committee on Assassinations]]. The HSCA found that Ruby had "significant" associations with organized crime figures in Chicago and Dallas throughout his career. He had known Paul Rowland Jones, a Chicago organized crime figure, and had been involved in Dallas gambling operations. The HSCA identified associations with [[Carlos Marcello]]'s New Orleans organization and with the Tampa organized crime network of [[Santos Trafficante, Jr.]], both of whom the committee found had motives related to the Kennedy administration's aggressive pursuit of organized crime through [[Robert Kennedy]]'s Justice Department.[^1]
+His organized crime associations were documented by both the [[Warren Commission]] and the [[HSCA|House Select Committee on Assassinations]]. The HSCA reported that Ruby was not a "member" of organized crime, but that the evidence showed "a significant number of associations and direct and indirect contacts with underworld figures."[^2] It established associations between Ruby and several individuals affiliated with the underworld activities of [[Carlos Marcello]], among them Joseph Civello, the Marcello associate who allegedly headed organized crime activities in Dallas, and its computer analysis of Ruby's telephone records showed that [[Nofio Pecora]], a Marcello lieutenant, received a call from Ruby on October 30, 1963.[^3] He had known Paul Rowland Jones, a Chicago organized crime figure, and had been involved in Dallas gambling operations. The HSCA identified associations with Marcello's New Orleans organization and with the Tampa organized crime network of [[Santos Trafficante, Jr.]], both of whom the committee found had the motive, means and opportunity to have President Kennedy assassinated.[^4] [[Robert Kennedy]]'s Justice Department pursued organized crime aggressively in the same period.[^1]
 
 ### Cuba Gunrunning
 
@@ -47,9 +47,12 @@ Ruby's conviction was reversed by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in October
 
 The Warren Commission concluded that Ruby had acted alone and spontaneously, finding no evidence of a conspiracy involving Ruby. The Commission's staff failed to pursue organized crime leads and did not have access to information about the CIA-Mafia anti-Castro plots that would have provided context for Ruby's organized crime associations.
 
-The HSCA, with access to fuller CIA and FBI records, reached a more equivocal conclusion: while it could not conclusively prove Ruby acted as part of a conspiracy, it found his organized crime associations, pre-assassination contact patterns, and the circumstances of the shooting "not inconsistent" with a conspiracy hypothesis. The committee specifically noted that the elimination of Oswald before trial eliminated the one person who could have provided direct testimony about his actions and associates.[^2]
+The HSCA, with fuller CIA and FBI records, concluded that Ruby's shooting of Oswald "was not a spontaneous act, in that it involved at least some premeditation," and that it was "less likely that Ruby entered the police basement without assistance."[^5] It found that Ruby probably did not come down the Main Street ramp, as the Warren Commission had concluded, and that his most likely route was an alleyway next to the Dallas Municipal Building and a stairway to the basement garage. It was troubled by the apparently unlocked doors along the stairway route, the removal of security guards from the garage area shortly before the shooting, and a Saturday night telephone call from Ruby to [[Ralph Paul]] in which Paul responded to something Ruby said by asking him if he was crazy.[^5]
 
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Warren Commission. *Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy.* Government Printing Office, 1964. House Select Committee on Assassinations. *Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives.* Government Printing Office, 1979.
-[^2]: Kantor, Seth. *Who Was Jack Ruby?* Everest House, 1978. Blakey, G. Robert, and Richard N. Billings. *Fatal Hour.* Berkley, 1992.
+[^2]: House Select Committee on Assassinations, *Report,* H. Rept. 95-1828, 95th Cong., 2d sess. (1979), p. 149. https://archive.org/details/reportofselectco1979unit
+[^3]: House Select Committee on Assassinations, *Report,* H. Rept. 95-1828, pp. 170-172 (Ruby's associations with the Marcello organization; Pecora). https://archive.org/details/reportofselectco1979unit
+[^4]: House Select Committee on Assassinations, *Report,* H. Rept. 95-1828, pp. 168-175 (Marcello and Trafficante). https://archive.org/details/reportofselectco1979unit
+[^5]: House Select Committee on Assassinations, *Report,* H. Rept. 95-1828, pp. 156-158 (Ruby's route into the police basement; premeditation; assistance). https://archive.org/details/reportofselectco1979unit

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jack Rugh.md

@@ -7,13 +7,29 @@ tags:
   - DoJ
   - INSLAW
 summary: "Jack Rugh was a figure in the PROMIS Software Scandal, primarily involved in the administration of the Inslaw contract with the DOJ."
+relations:
+  - type: reported_to
+    with: "[[C. Madison Brewer]]"
+    role: "Assistant Director, Executive Office for United States Attorneys"
+    start: 1982
+    fn: 5
+updated: 2026-10-09
 ---
 
 Jack Rugh was a figure in the [[PROMIS Software Scandal]], primarily involved in the administration of the [[INSLAW|Inslaw]] contract with the [[Department of Justice|DOJ]]. He served as [[C. Madison Brewer]]'s deputy and as the contracting officer's Technical Representative, working closely with [[Peter Videnieks]].
 
-Rugh played a role in the DOJ's response to Inslaw's proposed methodology for identifying proprietary enhancements in the [[PROMIS]] software. He considered Inslaw's methodology inadequate, particularly objecting to the part that would count privately funded hours first, believing the issue was whether actual hours were billed to a private client. He also thought [[INSLAW]] did not keep sufficient records to prove private funding. Rugh, along with Videnieks, chose neither to accept Inslaw's methodology nor to propose revisions or an acceptable alternative, and did not inform Inslaw why its methodology was unacceptable. The Special Counsel's investigation concluded that Rugh's actions were driven by a desire to protect the government's interests and not by an intent to cheat Inslaw, attributing his conduct to the atmosphere of distrust surrounding the contract's administration.[^1]
+Rugh played a role in the DOJ's response to Inslaw's proposed methodology for identifying proprietary enhancements in the [[PROMIS]] software. He considered Inslaw's methodology inadequate, particularly objecting to the part that would count privately funded hours first, believing the issue was whether actual hours were billed to a private client. He also thought INSLAW did not keep sufficient records to prove private funding. Rugh, along with Videnieks, chose neither to accept Inslaw's methodology nor to propose revisions or an acceptable alternative, and did not inform Inslaw why its methodology was unacceptable. The Special Counsel's investigation concluded that Rugh's actions were driven by a desire to protect the government's interests and not by an intent to cheat Inslaw, attributing his conduct to the atmosphere of distrust surrounding the contract's administration.[^1]
 
-Rugh was also involved in the allegations surrounding the attempted conversion of Inslaw's bankruptcy to a liquidation. In February 1985, shortly after Inslaw filed for bankruptcy, Rugh had a telephone conversation with Peter Videnieks, during which Videnieks made a note that read: "2/20/85 JR called re/•our computer.' Brick talked to Stanton . •no way• 11 will be '7.' Need home for computer." Rugh testified that he did not remember the conversation but that the note accurately reflected his pessimistic view of Inslaw's prospects, believing it would end up in liquidation. He might have told [[Gregory McKain]], an Inslaw employee, that the DOJ had talked to the "Trustees" who said Inslaw would not survive Chapter 11 and would likely be in Chapter 7 within 30 to 60 days. However, Rugh claimed this was his personal opinion and not based on any statement from the Trustee's Office. The Special Counsel's investigation found that the interpretation of Videnieks' notes by Rugh and Videnieks was reasonable and consistent with other evidence, suggesting Rugh was expressing his own opinion rather than relaying a confirmed plan for conversion. The investigation found insufficient evidence to support a finding that the DOJ planned or attempted to convert Inslaw's bankruptcy case or engaged in any cover-up.[^1]
+By memorandum dated May 12, 1983, Rugh turned PROMIS over to Brewer for submission to the Government of Israel, enclosing "the PROMIS materials that you asked me to produce for Dr. Ben Orr of the Government of Israel," consisting of the LEAA DEC PDP 11/70 version of PROMIS on magnetic tape, its printed specifications and two printed volumes of documentation.[^2] In a memorandum of August 12, 1983, Rugh wrote that when Don Manson called on August 10 to ask for the Prime enhanced version of PROMIS for the Virgin Islands, he told Manson "that even though I expected the dispute to be resolved in favor of the Government, we could not supply a copy of the software at this time."[^3]
+
+The bankruptcy court found that in February 1985, after Brewer had talked to [[Thomas Stanton]], Rugh telephoned Peter Videnieks, told him there was "no way" the INSLAW bankruptcy would continue as a Chapter 11 case, and said that the government computer on INSLAW's premises in Lanham, Maryland, would need a new site. The court found that on or about February 21, 1985, Rugh telephoned [[Gregory McKain]] and discussed his working for DOJ under a six-month sole-source contract if INSLAW went out of business.[^4] The hearing officer in the 1997 congressional reference case described Rugh as Brewer's Assistant Director and as the supervisor of the contract's technical representative.[^5]
+
+Rugh was also involved in the allegations surrounding the attempted conversion of Inslaw's bankruptcy to a liquidation. In February 1985, shortly after Inslaw filed for bankruptcy, Rugh had a telephone conversation with Peter Videnieks, during which Videnieks made a note that read: "2/20/85 JR called re/'our computer.' Brick talked to Stanton . 'no way' 11 will be '7.' Need home for computer." Rugh testified that he did not remember the conversation but that the note accurately reflected his pessimistic view of Inslaw's prospects, believing it would end up in liquidation. He might have told Gregory McKain, an Inslaw employee, that the DOJ had talked to the "Trustees" who said Inslaw would not survive Chapter 11 and would likely be in Chapter 7 within 30 to 60 days. However, Rugh claimed this was his personal opinion and not based on any statement from the Trustee's Office. The Special Counsel's investigation found that the interpretation of Videnieks' notes by Rugh and Videnieks was reasonable and consistent with other evidence, suggesting Rugh was expressing his own opinion rather than relaying a confirmed plan for conversion. The investigation found insufficient evidence to support a finding that the DOJ planned or attempted to convert Inslaw's bankruptcy case or engaged in any cover-up.[^1]
 
 ### Footnotes
-[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993.
+
+[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993.
+[^2]: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary. *The INSLAW Affair: Investigative Report.* H. Rept. 102-857, 102d Cong., 2d sess., September 10, 1992, p. 48 n. 114. https://archive.org/details/InslawAffairInvestigativeReport
+[^3]: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary. *The INSLAW Affair: Investigative Report.* H. Rept. 102-857, 102d Cong., 2d sess., September 10, 1992, p. 49 n. 116. https://archive.org/details/InslawAffairInvestigativeReport
+[^4]: *In re INSLAW, Inc.*, 83 B.R. 89 (Bankr. D.D.C. 1988), Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, Adv. Proc. No. 86-0069, Findings 351 and 352. https://archive.org/details/Inslaw-FindingsOfFact
+[^5]: *INSLAW, Inc. v. United States*, Cong. Ref. No. 95-338X, Report of the Hearing Officer (Miller), July 31, 1997, 39 Fed. Cl. 307. https://static.case.law/fed-cl/39/cases/0307-01.json

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/James Earl Ray.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ tags:
   - Assassination
   - 1960s
 category: "Criminals & Offenders"
-summary: "James Earl Ray was the career criminal who pled guilty to the April 4, 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, recanted three days later claiming he was a patsy for a conspiracy organized by a mysterious figure called 'Raul,' and died in prison in 1998 with the conspiracy question still legally unresolved."
+summary: "Career criminal who pled guilty to the April 4, 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., recanted three days later citing a man called 'Raul,' and died in prison in 1998."
 born: 1928-03-10
 died: 1998-04-23
 location: "Memphis, Tennessee / Nashville, Tennessee (imprisoned)"
@@ -41,12 +41,7 @@ Ray's account changed over the years but centered on a conspiracy organized by a
 
 ### HSCA Findings
 
-The [[HSCA|House Select Committee on Assassinations]] investigated the King assassination in 1976-1979. The committee concluded:
-
-- Ray had fired the shot that killed King
-- Ray "was not a member of an organized conspiracy to assassinate Dr. King"
-- But Ray's brothers John and Jerry Ray "may have assisted" in the planning of the escape from Missouri and possibly other aspects of the plot
-- There was insufficient evidence to conclude that any government agency was involved in a conspiracy
+The [[HSCA|House Select Committee on Assassinations]] investigated the King assassination in 1976-1979. It found that Ray fired the shot that killed King, that he "acted with full knowledge of what he was doing in the murder of Dr. King," and that his alibi and his "Raoul" account were "not worthy of belief."[^3] Its summary finding is that "there is a likelihood that James Earl Ray assassinated Dr. Martin Luther King as a result of a conspiracy."[^4] It concluded that "no private organizations or individuals, other than those discussed under section B," were involved, and that "no Federal, State or local government agency was involved."[^4] The Conclusion states that the committee found "substantial evidence to establish the existence of a St. Louis-based conspiracy to finance the assassination of Dr. King," that [[John Sutherland]] and [[John Kauffmann]] made a serious effort in late 1966 or early 1967 to solicit [[Russell Byers]], and that no direct link to Ray or his brothers and no payoff was found, though word of the offer likely reached Ray through the campaign activity of the [[American Independent Party]].[^5] On the brothers, it found it "highly likely that John and James robbed the Bank of Alton in Alton, Ill., on July 13, 1967," that [[Jerry Ray]] knew of the robbery and assisted in distributing the proceeds, and that [[John Ray]] had foreknowledge of the escape from the Missouri State Penitentiary; it judged the involvement of one or both brothers to be possible on three negative factors, and found strong circumstantial evidence of the involvement of a brother in a consulting capacity at the purchase of the murder weapon.[^5][^6]
 
 The committee found that Ray's post-escape resources - his travel across multiple countries, his training in bartending and dancing in preparation for an undefined future, his Canadian documents - remained inadequately explained by his own account.[^1]
 
@@ -58,3 +53,7 @@ In 1999, the King family filed a civil wrongful death action in Memphis against
 
 [^1]: Sides, Hampton. *Hellhound on His Trail: The Stalking of Martin Luther King, Jr. and the International Hunt for His Assassin.* Doubleday, 2010. House Select Committee on Assassinations. *Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives.* Government Printing Office, 1979.
 [^2]: Frank, Gerold. *An American Death: The True Story of the Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Greatest Manhunt of Our Time.* Doubleday, 1972. Melanson, Philip H. *The Martin Luther King Assassination: New Revelations on the Conspiracy and Cover-Up.* S.P.I. Books, 1994.
+[^3]: House Select Committee on Assassinations, *Report,* H. Rept. 95-1828, 95th Cong., 2d sess. (1979), summary Finding II.A (p. 5); "Conclusion," p. 371. https://archive.org/details/reportofselectco1979unit
+[^4]: House Select Committee on Assassinations, *Report,* H. Rept. 95-1828, summary Findings II.B and II.C-II.D (p. 5). https://archive.org/details/reportofselectco1979unit
+[^5]: House Select Committee on Assassinations, *Report,* H. Rept. 95-1828, "Conclusion," pp. 371-373; Byers, Sutherland and Kauffmann, pp. 359-364. https://archive.org/details/reportofselectco1979unit
+[^6]: House Select Committee on Assassinations, *Report,* H. Rept. 95-1828, pp. 341-344 (John Ray and the escape; the Alton robbery). https://archive.org/details/reportofselectco1979unit

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jim Schnabel.md

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Forever Young: Science and the Search for Immortality was published by [[Bloomsb
 
 The list of interview sources in Remote Viewers includes [[Frederick Atwater|Fred "Skip" Atwater]], Hal Puthoff, [[Ingo Swann]], [[Joe McMoneagle]], [[Uri Geller]], [[Keith Harary]] and [[Michael Persinger]], among others. The list states that a number of sources who spoke on background are not named in it, and that not all those listed spoke on the record all the time.[^6]
 
-The acknowledgments single out Atwater, Puthoff, [[Mel Riley]] and Edith Riley, and [[Edmund Thompson]] as "heroically cooperative" sources to whom the author owed "a special debt."[^6]
+The acknowledgments single out Atwater, Puthoff, [[Mel Riley]], and [[Edmund Thompson]] as "heroically cooperative" sources to whom the author owed "a special debt."[^6]
 
 The book uses pseudonyms for a number of the people it names. Its notes state that certain names in the text are pseudonyms, and a "Pseudonyms" page near the end of the book identifies them.[^7]
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Johnny Roselli.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 created: 2026-05-15
-updated: 2026-09-21
+updated: 2026-10-09
 title: Johnny Roselli
 aliases:
   - Filippo Sacco
@@ -31,11 +31,17 @@ Roselli was meticulous about maintaining a legitimate surface appearance. He soc
 
 ### CIA-Mafia Anti-Castro Plots
 
-In September 1960, CIA officer [[Robert Maheu]] - a former [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] agent who served as a CIA cutout for sensitive operations - approached Roselli through a Las Vegas intermediary and proposed that organized crime figures help the CIA assassinate Castro. The rationale offered was that organized crime figures with pre-revolutionary Cuban casino interests had their own reasons to want Castro removed and had existing contacts with Cuban exile networks.
+In September 1960, [[Robert Maheu]], a former [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] agent and private investigator whom the CIA used as a cutout for sensitive operations, approached Roselli, whom he had known since the late 1950s, and proposed that organized crime figures help the CIA assassinate Castro. The rationale offered was that organized crime figures with pre-revolutionary Cuban casino interests had their own reasons to want Castro removed and had existing contacts with Cuban exile networks.
 
 Roselli agreed to participate and introduced Maheu to [[Sam Giancana]], the Chicago Outfit boss, and [[Santos Trafficante, Jr.|Santo Trafficante Jr.]], the Tampa mob boss who had operated Cuba casinos before Castro nationalized them. The CIA provided operational direction, including poison pills developed by its Technical Services Division intended for Castro's food or drink. Multiple plots were attempted through 1960-1963 without result.[^1]
 
-When [[William Harvey]] replaced Maheu as the CIA's primary handler for the mob plots in 1961, Roselli worked directly with Harvey as the plots continued under [[Operation Mongoose]] auspices. Harvey and Roselli maintained a personal relationship unusual in CIA-organized crime interactions; they met regularly in Washington, Las Vegas, and Miami and communicated through intermediaries. Harvey's termination from operational command of anti-Castro activities in late 1962 reduced CIA-Roselli contact, but Roselli maintained relationships with exile Cubans and anti-Castro networks independently.[^1]
+On November 16, 1961, [[Richard Bissell]] asked [[William Harvey]] to take over the gambling-syndicate operation from [[Sheffield Edwards]]. The contact was reactivated in early April 1962, when Harvey, acting on what he testified were explicit orders from [[Richard Helms]], asked Edwards to put him in touch with Roselli.[^2] A 1976 CIA memorandum dates Harvey's taking over as case officer to May 1962.[^3] Roselli worked directly with Harvey from that point, as the plots continued under [[Operation Mongoose]] auspices.[^2] Harvey and Roselli maintained a personal relationship unusual in CIA-organized crime interactions; they met regularly in Washington, Las Vegas, and Miami and communicated through intermediaries. In April 1962 Harvey told Roselli to stop dealing with Maheu and Giancana, whom Harvey had decided were "untrustworthy" and "surplus."[^2]
+
+Harvey met Roselli in Miami on September 7 and 11, 1962. Harvey testified that by then he had grave doubts that the operation would take place. In early January 1963 he paid Roselli $2,700 to defray the Cuban's expenses, and the second three-man team never left for Cuba, the reason given being that "conditions" in Cuba were not right. The operation was terminated in mid-February 1963 at a meeting with Roselli in Los Angeles.[^2] The 1976 CIA memorandum gives the same February 1963 end date.[^3] In early 1963 Harvey told his underworld contacts that the CIA was no longer interested in assassinating Castro; the FBI learned of this in June 1963.[^4] Harvey's operations involving Roselli began in early 1962 and ended in February 1963. Harvey, and to a lesser extent [[James O'Connell]], remained in contact with Roselli from 1964 to about 1970.[^3] Roselli maintained relationships with exile Cubans and anti-Castro networks independently.[^1]
+
+In June 1963, before Harvey went on another assignment, he and Roselli had a farewell dinner. The FBI observed the meeting, and [[Sam Papich]], the FBI liaison with the CIA, told Harvey that [[J. Edgar Hoover]] would be informed. Harvey told Helms of the incident, and Helms agreed that [[John McCone]] need not be briefed unless a call from Hoover was expected.[^5] The [[House Select Committee on Assassinations]] found it "unable to accept" the conclusion that the CIA-Mafia plots were irrelevant because they ended in February 1963, and reported that CIA files show Roselli continued to maintain direct contact with Harvey at least until 1967.[^6]
+
+In 1967 Roselli was arrested for fraudulent gambling at the [[Friars Club]] in [[Beverly Hills, California|Beverly Hills]]. He asked Harvey, who had left the agency, to represent him. Harvey contacted the agency and suggested that it prevent the prosecution, according to a December 11, 1967 memorandum by [[Howard Osborn]].[^7]
 
 ### Church Committee Testimony
 
@@ -43,20 +49,27 @@ When the Church Committee investigated CIA assassination plots in 1975, Roselli
 
 During his second appearance, Roselli elaborated on a theory he had been advancing since 1967 through journalist Jack Anderson - that the CIA-organized crime anti-Castro network had been "turned around" by Cuban or pro-Castro operatives and used to kill President [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]] in November 1963. This theory was not corroborated by physical evidence but attracted attention because of Roselli's direct participation in the anti-Castro infrastructure.
 
-Shortly after his April 1976 Church Committee appearance, Roselli disappeared. His body was found on August 9, 1976, stuffed inside a 55-gallon oil drum in Dumfoundling Bay, off Miami. He had been strangled; his legs had been sawn off to fit the drum. The murder was never solved. Federal investigators suspected organized crime figures who feared his continued Senate cooperation, but no charges were brought.[^1]
+Shortly after his April 1976 Church Committee appearance, Roselli disappeared. His body was found on August 9, 1976, stuffed inside a 55-gallon oil drum in Dumfoundling Bay, off Miami. He had been strangled; his legs had been sawn off to fit the drum. The murder was never solved. Federal investigators suspected organized crime figures who feared his continued Senate cooperation, but no charges were brought.[^1] On August 11, 1976 [[George H. W. Bush|George Bush]], then Director of Central Intelligence, wrote that calls to Senators had suggested that the CIA was involved in the murder, and that he had asked Attorney General [[Edward Levi]] to bring the FBI into the case.[^8]
 
 ### Legacy
 
 The CIA-Roselli relationship was among the most extensively documented findings of the Church Committee and became a paradigm case for critics of CIA operations outside normal legal constraints. The involvement of organized crime figures as CIA assets - men the FBI was simultaneously investigating for criminal activity - illustrated the operational conflicts created by using criminal networks for covert operations, and established that the CIA had kept this relationship secret from the Warren Commission.
 
-Roselli's murder, coming immediately after his Senate testimony, reinforced the narrative that witnesses to the deepest level of CIA-organized crime cooperation did not survive to tell the full story.[^2]
+Roselli's murder, coming immediately after his Senate testimony, reinforced the narrative that witnesses to the deepest level of CIA-organized crime cooperation did not survive to tell the full story.[^9]
 
 ### Maheu
 
-Johnny Rosselli was an organized-crime leader who was contacted by Robert Maheu in 1960 as part of CIA operations to assassinate Fidel Castro. Rosselli, along with Sam Giancana and Santos Trafficante, Jr., was enlisted to assist in these efforts, which involved Cuban exiles.[^3]
+Johnny Rosselli was an organized-crime leader who was contacted by Robert Maheu in 1960 as part of CIA operations to assassinate Fidel Castro. Rosselli, along with Sam Giancana and Santos Trafficante, Jr., was enlisted to assist in these efforts, which involved Cuban exiles.[^10]
 
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Church Committee (U.S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities). *Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders.* Senate Report No. 94-465, 1975. Rappleye, Charles, and Ed Becker. *All American Mafioso: The Johnny Roselli Story.* Doubleday, 1991.
-[^2]: Thomas, Evan. *The Very Best Men: Four Who Dared: The Early Years of the CIA.* Simon & Schuster, 1995.
-[^3]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.
+[^2]: Church Committee, *Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders: An Interim Report*, S. Rept. 94-465, November 20, 1975, pp. 83-85. https://archive.org/details/allegedassassina00unit
+[^3]: Central Intelligence Agency, memorandum "Johnny Roselli," August 9, 1976. Reading room document 00508811, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-00508811
+[^4]: Church Committee, *The Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: Performance of the Intelligence Agencies*, Final Report Book V, S. Rept. 94-755, April 23, 1976, pp. 69, 72. https://archive.org/details/ChurchCommittee
+[^5]: Church Committee, *Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders*, S. Rept. 94-465, p. 105, citing Inspector General's report p. 54. https://archive.org/details/allegedassassina00unit
+[^6]: House Select Committee on Assassinations, *Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations*, H. Rept. 95-1828, 1979, p. 117. https://archive.org/details/reportofselectco1979unit
+[^7]: Church Committee, *Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders*, S. Rept. 94-465, pp. 86-87 (Osborn memorandum for the record, December 11, 1967). https://archive.org/details/allegedassassina00unit
+[^8]: Bush, George, memorandum "The Death of Roselli," August 11, 1976. Reading room document 00508811, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-00508811
+[^9]: Thomas, Evan. *The Very Best Men: Four Who Dared: The Early Years of the CIA.* Simon & Schuster, 1995.
+[^10]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jules Stein.md

@@ -7,10 +7,33 @@ summary: "Founder of MCA and longtime political supporter of Ronald Reagan who h
 born: 1896-04-26
 died: 1981-04-29
 location: "South Bend, Indiana"
+relations:
+  - type: founded
+    with: "[[Music Corporation of America]]"
+    start: 1924
+    fn: 2
+  - type: head_of
+    with: "[[Music Corporation of America]]"
+    role: "chairman of the board from 1946, per Moldea"
+    start: 1946
+    fn: 2
 ---
 [[Jules Stein]] was the founder of [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]]. He was a long-time political supporter of [[Ronald Reagan]]. Stein, along with [[Lew Wasserman]], negotiated the sale of Reagan's [[California]] properties at hugely inflated prices, which helped make Reagan a millionaire.[^1]
 
+### Music Corporation of America
+
+Julius Caesar Stein started MCA in [[Chicago]] in 1924, after practicing medicine as an ophthalmologist. Moldea wrote that Stein gave up his position with a Chicago doctor to found the agency with a college friend, William R. Goodheart, after serving as an assistant to the eye surgeon Harry Gradle, working from a two-room office downtown and booking dance bands.[^2]
+
+Stein was one of the original defendants in *Finley v. Music Corporation of America*, a 1946 antitrust case that Moldea wrote produced a jury verdict of $55,500 in treble damages for a San Diego ballroom operator; Judge Paul J. McCormick's June 24, 1946 memorandum (66 F. Supp. 569) held the damages insufficiently certain and assessed costs and fees of $9,092.85. Moldea wrote that McCormick had earlier dismissed the charges against Stein.[^2][^3]
+
+Moldea wrote that Stein was succeeded as president in 1946 by Lew Wasserman, and that Stein then became chairman of the board.[^2]
+
+Moldea wrote that Stein and Taft Schreiber were among the guiding forces shaping Reagan's political philosophy, in the period after the government's action against MCA.[^2][^4]
+
 ---
 ### Footnotes
 
-[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.
+[^2]: Moldea, Dan E. *Dark Victory: Ronald Reagan, MCA, and the Mob*. New York: Viking, 1986. https://archive.org/details/dark-victory-ronald-reagan-mca-and-the-mob
+[^3]: *Finley v. Music Corporation of America*, 66 F. Supp. 569 (S.D. Cal. June 24, 1946). https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1556053/finley-v-music-corporation-of-america/ ; https://static.case.law/f-supp/66/cases/0569-01.json
+[^4]: Moldea, Dan E. "MCA Music & the Mafia," *Regardie's*, June 1988. https://www.moldea.com/MCAMusic.html

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Justin Sher.md

@@ -7,10 +7,19 @@ tags:
   - NVE
   - TerrorismProsecutor
   - FederalCase
-summary: "Justin Sher is a Trial Attorney in the U.S. Department of Justice National Security Division's Counterterrorism Section and the lead federal prosecutor on 764 Network terrorism cases, including the first-ever terrorism charge against a 764 member in United States v. Martin."
+summary: "Justin Sher is a Trial Attorney in the Justice Department's National Security Division Counterterrorism Section and lead federal prosecutor on 764 Network terrorism cases, including United States v. Martin."
 created: 2026-05-22
-updated: 2026-05-22
+updated: 2026-10-09
 location: "Washington, D.C."
+relations:
+  - type: prosecuted
+    with: "[[Leonidas Varagiannis]]"
+    start: 2025-04-30
+    fn: 2
+  - type: prosecuted
+    with: "[[Prasan Nepal]]"
+    start: 2025-04-30
+    fn: 4
 ---
 
 Justin Sher is a Trial Attorney assigned to the [[U.S. Department of Justice]] National Security Division's [[Counterterrorism Section]], where he has served as the lead government attorney on the [[764 Network]] prosecution portfolio, including the prosecution of [[Baron Cain Martin]] in [[United States v. Martin (4-25-cr-00190)|United States v. Martin]], 4:25-cr-00190-TUC-AMM(BGM), D. Ariz., the first federal case in which a 764 member was charged under a terrorism statute.
@@ -21,18 +30,18 @@ Sher's involvement spans multiple 764 and [[Nihilistic Violent Extremism]] (NVE)
 
 In the Martin indictment, Sher advanced the theory that [[18 U.S.C. § 2339A]] (conspiracy to provide material support to terrorists) is available against 764 operators without any [[Foreign Terrorist Organization]] designation from the State Department, by anchoring the charge to an [[18 U.S.C. § 956|18 U.S.C. § 956(a)]] conspiracy to kill or maim a victim located outside the United States.[^1]
 
-Sher was also the attorney of record on the [[United States v. Nepal]] and [[United States v. Varagiannis]] prosecutions (D.D.C., case 1:25-cr-00304), which charged [[764 Inferno]] leaders [[Prasan Nepal]] and [[Leonidas Varagiannis]] with participating in a child exploitation enterprise and related offenses but did not include terrorism counts.[^2]
+Sher is also one of the trial attorneys, with Donnelly, named by the Justice Department as prosecuting the case of [[764 Inferno]] leaders [[Prasan Nepal]] and [[Leonidas Varagiannis]] (D.D.C., case 1:25-cr-00304).[^2] The indictment charges a child exploitation enterprise under 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(g) and includes no terrorism count.[^3] The Justice Department's October 2026 release names Sher and Donnelly as the Trial Attorneys of the Counterterrorism Section prosecuting Nepal, with Assistant U.S. Attorneys [[Karen Shinskie]] and [[Janani Iyengar]] for the District of Columbia.[^4]
 
 ### Public Statements
 
-At a panel hosted by the [[GWU Program on Extremism]] on December 18, 2025, titled "Holding 764 Accountable," Sher described 764's stated objective as "to cause the downfall of society, cause the downfall of the U.S. government," and characterized the network's ideology as a desire for "a Darwinian society, one that is survival of the fittest." He stated that the conduct documented in 764 cases was so extreme that "I don't think Stephen King is dark enough to come up with some of the stuff that these kids are coming up with."[^3]
+At a panel hosted by the [[GWU Program on Extremism]] on December 18, 2025, titled "Holding 764 Accountable," Sher described 764's stated objective as "to cause the downfall of society, cause the downfall of the U.S. government," and characterized the network's ideology as a desire for "a Darwinian society, one that is survival of the fittest." He stated that the conduct documented in 764 cases was so extreme that "I don't think Stephen King is dark enough to come up with some of the stuff that these kids are coming up with."[^5]
 
-In a subsequent appearance cited by [[ABC News]], Sher and Donnelly together offered what were described as "rare public comments" for career DOJ prosecutors, characterizing 764 as a threat equal in seriousness to any the department had faced, and noting that network members are increasingly directing victims toward mass-casualty attacks including school shootings.[^3]
+In a subsequent appearance cited by [[ABC News]], Sher and Donnelly together offered what were described as "rare public comments" for career DOJ prosecutors, characterizing 764 as a threat equal in seriousness to any the department had faced, and noting that network members are increasingly directing victims toward mass-casualty attacks including school shootings.[^5]
 
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Baumgartner, Luke, and Barry Jonas. "How the DOJ is Prosecuting Nihilistic Violent Extremism as Domestic Terrorism." *Just Security,* December 9, 2025. https://www.justsecurity.org/126226/prosecuting-nihilistic-violent-extremism-domestic-terrorism/
-
 [^2]: U.S. Department of Justice, USAO-DC. "Leaders of 764 Arrested and Charged for Operating Global Child Exploitation Enterprise." April 30, 2025. https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/leaders-764-arrested-and-charged-operating-global-child-exploitation-enterprise
-
-[^3]: ABC News. "In rare public comments, career DOJ officials offer chilling warnings about online network 764." 2026. https://abcnews.com/US/rare-public-comments-career-doj-officials-offer-chilling/story?id=128526657; GWU Program on Extremism. "Holding 764 Accountable." December 18, 2025. https://extremism.gwu.edu/holding-764-accountable
+[^3]: Indictment, United States v. Prasan Nepal and Leonidas Varagiannis, No. 1:25-cr-00304-RBW (D.D.C.), Doc. 19, filed September 26, 2025, Count One. https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.285418/gov.uscourts.dcd.285418.19.0.pdf
+[^4]: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs. "Leader of Global Violent Extremist Network '764' Pleads Guilty to Conspiracy to Sexually Exploit Minors." Press Release 26-1164, October 9, 2026. https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/leader-global-violent-extremist-network-764-pleads-guilty-conspiracy-sexually-exploit-minors
+[^5]: ABC News. "In rare public comments, career DOJ officials offer chilling warnings about online network 764." 2026. https://abcnews.com/US/rare-public-comments-career-doj-officials-offer-chilling/story?id=128526657; GWU Program on Extremism. "Holding 764 Accountable." December 18, 2025. https://extremism.gwu.edu/holding-764-accountable

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Mel Riley.md

@@ -1,46 +1,250 @@
 ---
 created: 2026-05-17
-updated: 2026-09-21
+updated: 2026-10-09
 title: Mel Riley
 aliases:
   - Mel Riley
   - Melvin C. Riley
+  - Melvin Riley
+  - Mel C. Riley
 tags:
   - Person
   - RemoteViewer
   - Military
   - Stargate
-  - PSI
+  - Psi
+  - GrillFlame
+  - SunStreak
+  - ImageryAnalyst
   - 1970s
   - 1980s
+  - 1990s
 category: "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
-summary: "Army sergeant and imagery analyst, one of the six original Fort Meade viewers selected in February 1979, who returned to the unit under DIA and retired in 1990."
-born: 1946-01-01
-died: 2020-04-25
+summary: "Army photo-interpreter and one of the original Fort Meade remote viewers, who signed Grill Flame agreements in February 1979, returned to the unit in 1986 and retired from the Army in July 1990."
 location: "Racine, Wisconsin"
+relations:
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[United States Army]]"
+    start: 1969-07-07
+    end: 1990-07
+    role: "draftee, photo-interpreter, later first sergeant; retired at twenty years' service"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Operations Security Group]]"
+    start: 1976
+    end: 1977
+    role: "photo analyst on opsec security tasks"
+    fn: 6
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Systems Exploitation Detachment]]"
+    start: 1977
+    end: 1978
+    role: "photo-interpreter in the opsec teams attached to the Systems Exploitation Team"
+    fn: 7
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Gondola Wish]]"
+    start: 1978-02
+    end: 1978-12
+    role: "candidate in the Fort Meade remote viewing team that Schnabel calls Gondola Wish"
+    fn: 9
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Stargate Project]]"
+    start: 1978-02
+    end: 1990-07
+    role: "original remote viewer"
+    fn: 9
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Grill Flame]]"
+    start: 1979-02-08
+    end: 1981-06
+    role: "volunteer remote viewer; one of three full-time viewers"
+    fn: 19
+  - type: reported_to
+    with: "[[Murray Watt]]"
+    start: 1979-02-08
+    role: "Grill Flame project officer who witnessed his agreement and consent statement"
+    fn: 21
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Rapid Deployment Force]]"
+    start: 1984-07
+    end: 1986-06
+    role: "first sergeant of a reconnaissance battalion company, Savannah, Georgia"
+    fn: 39
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Sun Streak]]"
+    start: 1986-07
+    end: 1990-07
+    role: "monitor, analyst and remote viewer at DT-S"
+    fn: 41
+  - type: reported_to
+    with: "[[Frederick Atwater]]"
+    start: 1986-07
+    end: 1990-07
+    role: "operations officer of DT-S"
+    fn: 41
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Psi-Tech]]"
+    start: 1990
+    role: "moonlighting remote viewer expected to supply raw data"
+    fn: 49
 ---
 
-Mel Riley was a U.S. Army staff sergeant and one of the original six remote viewers in the [[Stargate Project]]. He was recruited into the program, then codenamed Gondola Wish, in 1977 by [[Frederick Atwater|Skip Atwater]] and [[Murray Watt|Scotty Watt]].[^1]
+Mel Riley (Melvin C. Riley) was a U.S. [[United States Army|Army]] photo-interpreter and one of the original remote viewers of the [[Fort Meade]] unit that operated under the names [[Gondola Wish]], [[Grill Flame]], [[Center Lane]] and [[Sun Streak]] and is recorded in the [[Stargate Project]], and he retired from the Army in July 1990 after twenty years' service.[^1]
 
-Riley was five feet eight, slim and fit, with wavy blond hair and an Irish, vaguely leprechaunish face. He had tattoos of an eagle, a rabbit, and a large winged dragon across his chest. His eyes were often described as wide and intense, as if he were staring inward. He was a morning person, enjoying the quiet calm of the predawn hours.[^1]
+### Early life
 
-He grew up in Racine, Wisconsin, and had a shy, solitary streak, with a special love for the outdoors. As a teenager, he camped in the snow, hunted deer, and canoed. He also had a "mild spaciness, a proneness to the zone." One summer day in preadolescence, in an empty field where he often found Native American artifacts, he experienced a vivid vision of an Indian village, complete with tepees, dogs, and people, with one tall Indian appearing to wave at him. This experience, among others, hinted at his latent psychic abilities.[^1]
+Riley grew up in [[Racine, Wisconsin|Racine]], Wisconsin. He was shy and solitary, with a special love of the outdoors, and as a teenager he camped in the snow, hunted deer and canoed.[^2] [[Jim Schnabel]] described him as five feet eight, slim and fit, with wavy blond hair and an Irish, vaguely leprechaunish face, with an eagle tattooed on one arm, a rabbit on the other and a large winged dragon across his chest. His eyes opened widely and intensely, and he was a morning person who liked the dark calm of the predawn hours.[^3]
 
-He was drafted into the Army on July 7, 1969, and was trained as a photo-interpreter.[^1]
+Schnabel wrote that Riley had "a certain mild spaciness, a proneness to the zone." In preadolescence, in an empty field near the lake where he often found arrowheads and other Native American artifacts, Riley smelled woodsmoke and saw an Indian village with tepees, dogs, men and women, smoking meat and running children. One tall and dignified man in the village looked at him and seemed to wave.[^4]
 
-At boot camp in Kentucky, Riley was recruited into Army intelligence and trained as a photo-interpreter at Fort Holabird, Maryland. He was then sent to Germany, serving with the 7405th Operations Squadron at Rhein-Main Air Force Base in Wiesbaden. His unit conducted covert reconnaissance missions through East Germany, using disguised planes equipped with special cameras and electronic-intercept gear. Riley served as an aerial observer, guiding intelligence equipment, and as a photo analyst. He gained a reputation for his "sixth sense," accurately identifying hidden details in reconnaissance images, such as a new Soviet artillery piece concealed under a canvas canopy, which was later confirmed by satellite photographs. He earned several medals for his work.[^1]
+### Army service, 1969 to 1977
 
-In 1976, Riley was posted to Fort Meade, Maryland, assigned to the Operations Security Group (Opsec). His unit's task was to spy on U.S. military facilities to identify and correct security vulnerabilities. He analyzed photographic intelligence from satellites, aircraft, and close-range cameras. He learned about the Army's interest in psychic phenomena from a friend in the [[Systems Exploitation Detachment]] (SED) and was eager to get involved, especially after hearing about the possibility of the U.S. employing its own psychic spies.[^1]
+Riley was working in Racine as a machine repairman, like his father, when he learned that he had been drafted. The date was July 7, 1969, and he was twenty-three. At boot camp in Kentucky an Army intelligence recruiter offered a three-year enlistment with training as a photo-interpreter. He trained at [[Fort Holabird]] in Maryland and was posted to the 7405th Operations Squadron, a joint Army and Air Force unit at [[Rhein-Main Air Base]] in [[Wiesbaden]], West Germany.[^4] A 1995 newspaper article by Schnabel gives his civilian work in 1969 as apprentice machine repairman in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and describes him as an Army intelligence soldier who "eventually wound up at Fort Meade as an imagery interpreter, a specialist in the analysis of overhead reconnaissance photographs."[^5]
 
-As a remote viewer, Riley was known for his artistic skill in rendering his psychic impressions. He participated in many of the early, successful remote viewing sessions. In late summer 1979, he remote-viewed a new Chinese nuclear device at Lop Nor, describing an "hourglass on its side" shape, which was later confirmed to be a critical design element. He also contributed to the tracking of a Soviet T-72 tank purchased by the U.S., accurately perceiving its movement on a rail car and later on a ship. One of his most notable successes was in an opsec tasking where he remote-viewed a "strange batlike flying-wing shape" with a "bulbous cockpit" and fiber-optic control mechanisms, which was later identified as the then-secret B-2 Stealth bomber. He was also known for his ability to enter a deep, trancelike state during remote viewing sessions.[^1]
+The Wiesbaden unit flew covert reconnaissance missions along the air corridors through [[East Germany]] in aircraft disguised as cargo planes. Riley served as an aerial observer on some missions and as a photo analyst at his light table in Wiesbaden. Schnabel wrote that he found a new Soviet artillery piece on a flatcar in an East German rail yard, hidden under a canvas canopy, sketched it from a feeling about what it was, and that satellite photographs later confirmed the sketch. He earned a number of medals and served two three-year tours at Wiesbaden.[^6]
 
-During the Iran hostage crisis (1979-1981), Riley and other remote viewers were tasked hundreds of times to provide information on the hostages. Despite the gratification of contributing to a key intelligence effort, Riley found the relentless and monotonous taskings led to mental burnout, as remote viewers needed variety to maintain clarity. He experienced aftereffects of remote viewing, describing them as similar to a "natural high" or the adrenaline rush after a parachute jump, with heightened sensory perception. However, he also noted that intense, daily remote viewing could lead to mental fatigue, emotional fragility, and a "vacant stare."[^1]
+In 1976 Riley was posted to Fort Meade in the [[Operations Security Group]], a red team whose task was to spy on U.S. military facilities in order to find and correct security lapses. He analyzed photographic intelligence on the installations from satellites, aircraft and hand-held cameras. One target was the Army's experimental XM-1 tank, then in gunnery trials at [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]] at the head of [[Chesapeake Bay]]; his team took a [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] boat fitted with long-range cameras into the bay to observe the trials.[^6]
 
-Riley, along with [[Joe McMoneagle]] and [[Ken Bell]], became one of the three full-time remote viewers when the unit was officially designated the Special Action Branch and the program was codenamed Grill Flame. He left the unit in 1981 for a posting in Germany, with the understanding that he could return to the program in the future, as the unit was on "relatively firm ground" with an increasing budget and new recruits.[^1]
+### Selection, 1977 to 1979
 
-His Grill Flame security agreement and volunteer security agreement are dated February 8, 1979, the day of Joe McMoneagle's.[^2]
+Down the hall from Riley's office in building 4554 was the Systems Exploitation Team, set up by Brigadier General [[Edmund Thompson]] of the [[Army Intelligence Agency]]. In early 1977 a fellow sergeant there, who kept books on extrasensory perception, psychokinesis and out-of-body experiences on his shelf, told Riley that the Soviets and some Eastern European countries were using psychics to spy on U.S. intelligence targets. Riley asked whether the Army would ever undertake such a project and said that if it did he wanted to be involved.[^7] The 1995 article states that in 1977 Riley "heard about plans for a remote-viewing unit, and got himself selected as one of its founder members."[^5]
+
+[[Frederick Atwater|Skip Atwater]] arrived at Fort Meade in the summer of 1977 and was assigned to one of the opsec teams, which became part of the [[Systems Exploitation Detachment]]. Schnabel wrote that Atwater proposed a small remote viewing team to the head of the detachment, that the proposal was approved by General Thompson, then the Army's assistant chief of staff for intelligence, and that the project was initially given the code name Gondola Wish, with Major [[Murray Watt]] as its commanding officer.[^8]
+
+Atwater and Watt generated a list of a few hundred candidates, including photo-interpreters from the [[National Photographic Interpretation Center]], and interviewed them, telling them that the questions were a general survey on psi that the [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]] commander had ordered. Riley recognized that he was being considered for Gondola Wish. After a first round the officers cut the list to about twenty, and at a second interview Riley was told that the Army was considering a team to be trained as psychic spies for opsec missions. He said he was interested. In early 1978 he was ordered to a secure room across from Colonel [[Robert Keenan]]'s office in building 4554, where ten or eleven candidates, Atwater and Watt gathered for a short briefing: the unit was experimental, its members would serve part-time and remain attached to their old units, and there was interest at high levels.[^9] The group included several photo-interpreters, among them [[Hartleigh Trent]], who had been Riley's instructor at Fort Holabird eight years earlier, as well as [[Ken Bell]], [[Fernand Gauvin]] and [[Joe McMoneagle]].[^9]
+
+Riley's first session was an outbound exercise in a makeshift room in building 4554, with Atwater as monitor and holding a portable cassette recorder and Watt as the target at a guest house for visiting officers. Riley saw a manhole cover, a sidewalk and a few other vaguely defined items, and Schnabel reports that the session was not accurate. Before further sessions could be held, word came down that remote viewing was a form of "human use experimentation" requiring informed consent and review by the Army's human use board, and Riley and the others filled out the consent paperwork. A restart was authorized after a few months.[^10] An INSCOM psychologist, Dr. Dick Hartsell, interviewed and tested the viewers early in 1978 and did not see them again.[^11] The six most promising members of the team (Riley, McMoneagle, Bell, Gauvin, Trent and a sixth viewer) were then sent to [[Stanford Research Institute]] in [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]] for about two weeks as subjects in outbound remote viewing experiments. Schnabel wrote that they were told they were going to learn SRI's methods but that Atwater and Watt wanted SRI to evaluate them, and that SRI sent all six back with the comment that they seemed good enough to use in operations.[^10]
+
+In a later session in which Watt was again the target, Riley reported tasting chocolate and seeing a glass jar of coins and then a road and a group of cars. Watt drove Riley and Atwater to a [[Volkswagen]] dealership a few miles from Fort Meade and said that he had arrived late, having stopped at a [[7-Eleven]] where he bought a chocolate bar next to a jar of coins for the [[March of Dimes]].[^12] When General Thompson decided to try a session himself, Watt brought Riley, by then regarded as a good monitor as well as a viewer, to the Pentagon, where Riley guided Thompson as he tried to describe the location of Major Stone, an outbound experimenter who had gone to the Alexandria train station.[^13]
+
+The INSCOM chronology of the program lists "GONDOLA WISH established" under September 1977 with the comment "Designed as an OPSEC support mission to mimic HOIS remote viewers to determine US vulnerability." It lists "Selection of remote viewers and interviewers" under December 1978 to January 1979 with the comment "Of the 251 personnel considered for GRILL FLAME, 117 were interviewed and six individuals were actually selected for training," "Beginning of orientation training at SRI-International" under April 1979 with the comment "Six INSCOM personnel begin training at SRI-International in Remote Viewing," and the "First operational Remote Viewing session" under September 4, 1979.[^14] The 902d Military Intelligence Group's assessment of August 25, 1978 describes Gondola Wish as a plan to train military intelligence personnel at the [[Monroe Institute]],[^15] and a memorandum of May 18, 1978 records interviews by the institute on May 17 of "selected trainee volunteers for project Gondola Wish."[^16] A 902d memorandum of September 25, 1978 states that "the 902d's concept, unclassified title GONDOLA WISH, is cancelled."[^17]
+
+### Grill Flame, 1979 to 1981
+
+Schnabel wrote that late in 1978, citing "preliminary results and high level interest" from General Thompson and others at the Pentagon and [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], the Fort Meade unit began to move away from its opsec function, that Thompson gave it three slots for full-time remote viewers, Riley, Bell and McMoneagle, and that the unit became known as the Special Action Branch. In Schnabel's account the code name Gondola Wish disappeared at that point and Grill Flame, a Pentagon code name covering both the Fort Meade unit and the work at SRI, took its place.[^18]
+
+Riley signed a Grill Flame volunteer security agreement dated February 8, 1979. In it he swore never to divulge Grill Flame information and acknowledged that his possession of psychic abilities was classified and could not be divulged. He signed as an E-6 of the 902d Military Intelligence Group with the position "Senior Image Interpreter," and the Grill Flame project officer at HQ INSCOM witnessed the form.[^19] A second Grill Flame security agreement dated February 8, 1979 has a continuation page witnessed by Atwater of the 902d, on which Riley's position is given as imagery interpreter.[^20] A volunteer consent statement in his name, in which he consents to "training designed to enhance inherent psychic abilities" and to participate in INSCOM intelligence projects using his psychic abilities, is witnessed by Watt.[^21]
+
+On April 20, 1979 Riley signed a statement that he had received the explanation in "Information About Remote Viewing for Participants." The sheet states that the maximum frequency at which a viewer may be asked to perform is two sessions per day and no more than three sessions per week, and that "There is no evidence of any adverse physical, psychological and/or social effects on the remote viewer from participation in this activity."[^22]
+
+An undated draft INSCOM protocol for Applied Remote Map Sensing is signed "Melvin C. Riley, SFC," as "Grill Flame Training NCO." The draft defines remote map sensing as a process by which a person identifies the location of a remote object or person by focusing attention on the target while concentrating on a map, possibly using a pendulum as a focusing aid, and states that no drugs, hypnosis or stimuli would be used.[^23]
+
+In late summer 1979 Riley remote-viewed a new Chinese nuclear device at [[Lop Nor]]. Schnabel wrote that on the first morning of the tasking Riley spent an hour on the couch and sketched a shape that looked like a basketball with two large funnels sticking out of opposite ends, "an hourglass on its side," and that McMoneagle later drew a detailed diagram with the same hourglass-shaped object at its center. [[U.S. Air Force|Air Force]] officials who received Atwater's summary told him he lacked the clearance to be told what the object was, a Critical Nuclear Weapons Design Information clearance. Schnabel wrote that the device turned out to be a design element the Chinese had not been thought capable of incorporating into their bombs. In an afternoon session on the same day Riley sensed a broad desert, concentric rings and a tower, an airplane and a bomb being dropped, and then nothing; McMoneagle's later session described an explosion that had not gone nuclear.[^24]
+
+Schnabel wrote of an opsec tasking in which an Air Force security team gave Atwater a blurry photograph. Riley described "a strange batlike flying-wing shape" with a bulbous cockpit and control mechanisms that looked like strings with light inside them. Atwater passed the sketches to the Air Force team, which asked for the photograph back and for the targeting to stop. Years later Atwater saw the [[B-2 Stealth bomber|B-2]] rolled out on television, and Schnabel wrote that the Air Force had used fiber-optic control lines in the bomber to reduce its radar signature.[^25]
+
+Schnabel also wrote that Riley was run against a Soviet T-72 tank that U.S. intelligence had bought through an international arms merchant from an Eastern European general. Riley sensed a heavy, dark vehicle on a rail car and sketched it; Atwater gave the session data to Watt, who telephoned the Defense Department officials who had brought the tasking. Atwater recalled the general as Polish and Riley as Romanian.[^26]
+
+Schnabel wrote that Bell was first run against a [[KGB]] illegal under interrogation, in a session that Atwater monitored and that the CIA officer Schnabel calls [[Norm Everheart]] heard from the control room, and that Bell learned of a pocket calculator among the man's possessions. Riley was later run against the same target and also came up with a pocket calculator. Everheart took the information to CIA headquarters and gave it to the counterintelligence officer Schnabel calls [[Jim Morris]], who contacted the South African counterintelligence officials running the interrogation. Asked about the calculator, they first said they had found no such thing, and a few days later admitted that one of their group had found a calculator among the man's possessions and taken it home.[^27] In 1995 Riley described the tasking himself: his unit was asked to remote-view a KGB colonel caught spying and under interrogation by [[South Africa|South African]] counterintelligence officers, a "hard nut to crack" whose method of passing information out of the country could not be determined, and Riley said he "saw" the man playing with "a pocket calculator-type thing." Riley said that the calculator turned out to be a covert communications device and that when the South Africans presented the data to their captive he "broke down and co-operated."[^28]
+
+Riley described the aftereffects of an intense session as a high. Schnabel quoted him in a chapter epigraph: "It's like a high, only it's a natural high." Schnabel wrote that after a long session Riley once walked across the parking lot at building 2560 and threw his car keys into a trash dumpster while the other viewers watched, and that Riley compared the state to his first parachute jump in the Army, when so much adrenaline was in his system that he almost did not feel his feet touch the ground.[^29]
+
+Schnabel wrote that the viewers were tasked "literally hundreds of times" in late 1979 and early 1980 on the American hostages in [[Iran Hostage Crisis|Iran]], and that for Riley and the others it was gratifying to be part of the effort but that the relentless taskings on similar targets led to burnout. Schnabel described the barrier as one at which a viewer's data turned to garbage and the viewer became emotionally fragile and acquired "a certain vacant stare." In April 1980 Riley ran Hartleigh Trent in a session in which Trent described American soldiers rappelling from helicopters in a desert, and a few days later Watt told the six full- and part-time members of the unit to pack, and they were sequestered in a motel in [[Laurel, Maryland|Laurel]], Maryland, for the rescue attempt. Riley monitored Trent there; on the morning of April 25 the unit watched President [[Jimmy Carter]] announce the failure at [[Operation Eagle Claw|Desert One]].[^30]
+
+A memorandum for the record dated April 17, 1980 and signed by the training officer records that at 1515 hours on April 16, 1980 the undersigned made contact "as directed by LTC Watt" with a person whose name is redacted, who requested information relating to remote viewing sessions conducted against the Iran hostage situation and asked specifically about fortifications and the "boat incident." Arrangements were made to have SFC Riley contact him at 1630 hours that afternoon with the information requested, and SFC Riley's notes concerning the conversations were attached as an enclosure. A second paragraph records that at 0900 hours on April 17, 1980 the same person called SFC Riley once again to confirm some information discussed the previous afternoon.[^31]
+
+Two versions of a memorandum dated June 1, 1981 and titled "Location of UH-1H," addressed to Major O'Keefe and signed "Melvin C. Riley, Project Analyst," record the debriefing of an "undeveloped source" about a missing UH-1H helicopter. The first, based on debriefings of March 27 and May 30, 1981, describes an unidentified town with an old Spanish mission, a loaf-shaped mountain, a possible Indian village, a landmark called "Piedra Blanca" and a possible microwave tower to the northwest of the crash site.[^32] The second gives azimuths and distances from reference points at about 4 degrees south and 79 degrees west and places the crash site within three kilometers of "Piedra Blanca." Each states that the information is "unconfirmed and unevaluated."[^33] Schnabel described a tasking to find a U.S. helicopter that had gone down in a remote corner of Peru, after a Pentagon satellite picked up what seemed to be its locator beacon, with Bell as the viewer in his account and Riley named in his notes as a source.[^34]
+
+### Germany, Savannah and the closing of the Army unit
+
+Schnabel wrote that Grill Flame's managers kept a nucleus of the original members at the unit in 1981 and that when orders came sending Riley to a posting near Wiesbaden, his old station, Atwater and officials higher in the program could have changed them, but Riley did not want them changed. He saw that the unit was on "relatively firm ground" with an increasing budget and a new generation of recruits coming, and promised himself he would return when the tour ended.[^35]
+
+In Germany Riley returned to his old reconnaissance unit and kept up informal remote viewing. Schnabel wrote that in 1984 he applied for transfer back to the unit and was accepted, and that in the summer of 1984, shortly before he was to leave Germany, [[Brian Buzby]] telephoned from Fort Meade to say that the unit he was returning to was about to become extinct.[^36] An INSCOM approval sheet prepared by Buzby as action officer records the origin of the action as the decision of the commanding general of INSCOM and subsequent approval by the Army assistant chief of staff for intelligence and the Secretary of the Army to discontinue the INSCOM Center Lane Project and transfer its operational and research efforts, and records a meeting between Buzby and Major General [[Garrison Rapmund|Rapmund]] on August 1, 1984.[^37] A Center Lane-series access roster lists "RILEY Melvin C." with the rank SFC.[^38]
+
+Riley was instead assigned to the Pentagon's [[Rapid Deployment Force]] in [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]], Georgia, where he was first sergeant of a company of about forty soldiers in a battalion that flew reconnaissance missions over Central America, mostly from [[Honduras]], using a Mohawk aircraft with a side-looking radar pod.[^39]
+
+### Sun Streak, 1986 to 1990
+
+Schnabel wrote that when it became clear that the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] would keep the unit alive, Atwater arranged Riley's transfer; the Army's Personnel Command, which wanted to keep him in the Rapid Deployment Force, was overridden by the office of [[Jack Vorona]] at the DIA, and in the summer of 1986, after a five-year absence, Riley arrived back at Fort Meade.[^39] A DIA memorandum of September 19, 1985 set the objectives of the Sun Streak Prototype Operational Group for January 1986 to January 1988: approximately 80 percent of its operational effort for a remote viewing intelligence utility assessment and 20 percent for response to current intelligence collection requirements, with tasking the exclusive responsibility of the office of the Assistant Deputy Director for Scientific and Technical Intelligence, DIA.[^40]
+
+By then the unit was part of the Scientific and Technical Intelligence Directorate at DIA as DT-S, with the DIA code name Sun Streak replacing the Army's Center Lane. Riley was hired back only as a monitor and analyst, working under Atwater with [[Ed Dames]] and Fern Gauvin as assistant operations officers, alongside [[Paul H. Smith]]; the only faces he recognized from before were Atwater's and Gauvin's.[^41] Schnabel wrote that Riley and the others who arrived after [[Ingo Swann]]'s training program ended learned [[Coordinate Remote Viewing]] from those Swann had trained and used it alongside the deeper altered-state methods, and that early in 1987 Riley, Smith and other CRV viewers described lasers at a satellite-tracking and communications facility at [[Dushanbe]] in the [[Soviet Union]] and, eight to nine months in the future, large igloos or domes that began to be constructed six months later.[^42] Schnabel wrote that Riley and Smith also supplied data on Iranian weapons emplacements, especially Chinese-made Silkworm anti-ship missiles along the [[Persian Gulf]] in the later stages of the [[Iran-Iraq War]], and that DT-S worked on the [[Lebanon]] hostage crisis and on counternarcotics taskings.[^43]
+
+Schnabel wrote that Dames arranged "advanced training" targets chosen for their effect on the viewer and that on one of them Riley, in a deep trance, described a stadium whose roar turned out to be the Colosseum in Rome around 100 A.D., after which Dames pulled him out and Riley was in a "zombie mood."[^44] When someone brought the unit a photograph from the National Photographic Interpretation Center of an object that the Pentagon considered an "enigma," Riley, monitored by Dames and given only random-number coordinates, sketched a disk-shaped craft with a rounded bottom and was then shown an overhead reconnaissance photograph of an object flying or hovering at low altitude near a large lake.[^45]
+
+In late 1987 Dames ran Riley, Smith, [[Lyn Buchanan]] and another viewer against a "possible event" target supplied by the branch chief, and Schnabel wrote that their descriptions converged on an aerial vehicle with a large payload, red and white colors, an obese pilot, sled-like runners, and, in Riley's sketch, eight objects out in front of it. Dames concluded that a terrorist nuclear attack was planned and set out to find a secure telephone; the branch chief and the others, waiting for him, told him that the target was Santa Claus and his sleigh. Schnabel wrote that the prank was Riley's, in retaliation for the bilocations he had endured on advanced training targets.[^46]
+
+In 1988 a Defense Department [[Inspector General]] team arrived at the DT-S offices. Schnabel wrote that Riley and the other viewers were ordered by their bosses to make themselves scarce whenever IG personnel were around and that one of the unit's senior members used the document shredder for months before the team arrived and after it left, and that the IG report concluded that DT-S was not ready to become an operational intelligence-gathering unit and recommended that it be shut down.[^47] The 1995 article states that Dames and Riley both claimed that some of those responsible for the unit responded "very much in the spirit of [[Oliver North]]." "A lot of things," Riley said, "were being shredded and disposed of which probably would not have been appropriate had the IG team come across them."[^48]
+
+Dames left DT-S in the late summer of 1988, and Riley and the others gave him a party and a plaque citing his "untiring, selfless, dedication to the study of, and understanding of, alternate universes and parallel dimensions."[^47]
+
+### Retirement, 1990
+
+Vorona announced his retirement at the end of 1989 and SRI's Pentagon contract was not renewed. Riley, who by Schnabel's account had been in "retirement mode" for some time, decided he had had enough. His twenty years were up, and he put in his papers and left the Army in July 1990, shortly before the [[Gulf War]]. He moved to a small town in Wisconsin among woods and lakes.[^1]
+
+Schnabel wrote that after Dames and [[David Morehouse]] formed [[Psi-Tech]] to use moonlighting remote viewers as a psychic investigation team for private clients, Morehouse, Smith, Riley, Buchanan and others were to provide the raw data and Dames to analyze it.[^49]
+
+### Wisconsin
+
+Schnabel wrote that Riley kept in touch with the Fort Meade unit from Wisconsin as it declined and was not much disturbed by it, since it had long been clear what was going to happen, and that Riley worked at a museum in a town near his home as assistant curator, maintaining exhibits of Native American and pioneer life, organizing new exhibits and guiding tourists and schoolchildren. He lived in a house whose backyard bordered a branch of the [[Wolf River (Wisconsin)|Wolf River]].[^50] The 1995 article states that Riley "helps run a local museum," canoes, fishes and hunts deer, and is "an expert on local Indian lore."[^51]
+
+Schnabel wrote that Riley had always been fascinated by Indian lore and read more deeply on it after retiring, practiced Native American dances and handicrafts, and was treated by some local tribes almost as one of their own. He made or was given ornate costumes and headdresses, built a large tepee in his backyard and was invited to festivals and ritual dances from which white men were normally excluded; a local medicine society of Indian healers gave him an otter-skin medicine bag. Schnabel wrote that when something difficult needed doing, such as a change in the weather or the healing of a sick relative, Riley would sequester himself and focus his "Indian medicine" on the situation.[^50] The 1995 article states that Riley has "not a drop of Native American blood in him" and belongs to a "medicine society," described there as a kind of club for properly initiated Native American seers and healers.[^51]
+
+A Find a Grave memorial records a 1SGT Melvin C. Riley, born April 10, 1946 and died April 25, 2020, buried at the Central Wisconsin Veterans Memorial Cemetery at King, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, with the inscriptions 1SG US Army, SSG US Army and PVT1 US Army Vietnam. Schnabel states that the remote viewer was twenty-three on July 7, 1969, thirty-three and a staff sergeant in September 1979, and first sergeant of a Rapid Deployment Force company from 1984 to 1986. Records found do not establish whether the man buried at King is the remote viewer.[^52]
+
+### Statements to Schnabel, 1995
+
+In August 1995 [[The Independent on Sunday]] published Schnabel's article on the Fort Meade unit, and the [[Foreign Broadcast Information Service]] transmitted it on the wire in five takes the same day. Riley is the named source for the KGB colonel episode above, and said of the unit's end that "The word is that they're going to kill it."[^48]
+
+The article states that Ed Dames and Riley considered that Angela Dellafiora had achieved an undue influence on the unit when she began giving personal channeling sessions to Vorona and other officials. "Their eyes would be shining when they came out of those sessions," Riley recalled. "They were told all the nice things they wanted to hear, which reinforced Angela's position within the unit." Of Dames, Riley said: "Everybody sort of looked at Ed as a loose cannon."[^53] Riley told Schnabel: "There are no lasting side-effects to remote-viewing," "other than the fact that it may change your whole life..."[^51]
+
+Riley also told Schnabel that other viewers had heard laughter in the "Deep-Mind" sessions associated with Dames: "It reminded me of a bunch of little gremlins in the background."[^54]
+
+Ed May, director of the [[Cognitive Sciences Laboratory]] in Palo Alto, wrote on September 21, 1995 that he had obtained a videotape of an hour-long program that had aired a few weeks earlier in England on British [[Channel 4]], which presented Schnabel's piece in video form and featured Riley and Dames with interviews of Thompson, Admiral Turner, [[Hal Puthoff]], Lyn Buchanan and [[John Alexander]]. In May's opinion "the show is sensational and makes no attempt to separate fact from fiction," and by implication it "attempts (and perhaps accomplishes) to raise the credibility of Dames, Riley, and Alexander by association with generals, admirals and the Intelligence community."[^55]
 
 ### Footnotes
 
-[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997. Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
-[^2]: Grill Flame volunteer security agreements, consent statements, and counseling statements for Joseph W. McMoneagle (February 8, 1979; October 26, 1979; February 19, 1980), Melvin C. Riley (February 8, 1979), and Robert C. Cowart (June 3 and October 2, 1981), and "Requirement for Access to DIA Sun Streak Project (Brian Buzby)," May 10, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00789R0021001500xx series. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 22, "A Haunted House.". Schnabel's notes give Riley as the source for his departure.
+[^2]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 2, "The Dream Team.". Schnabel's notes give Riley as the source for the passages on his youth.
+[^3]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 1, "The Zone.". Schnabel's notes give Riley as the source for the opening passage.
+[^4]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 2, "The Dream Team.".
+[^5]: Schnabel, Jim. "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Psi." *The Independent on Sunday* (London), August 27, 1995, The Sunday Review, pp. 10-13, as transcribed in the FBIS wire "UK: U.S. Use of 'Psychic Spies' Reported," August 27, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030073-5, PDF p. 7. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030073-5.pdf
+[^6]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 2, "The Dream Team.".
+[^7]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 2, "The Dream Team.".
+[^8]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 2, "The Dream Team.". Schnabel's notes credit Riley for the name Gondola Wish and state that Atwater "vaguely remembers it."
+[^9]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 2, "The Dream Team.". Schnabel's notes state that the account of the screening and selection process comes from the recollections of Atwater, Riley and McMoneagle.
+[^10]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 2, "The Dream Team.".
+[^11]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 5, "Bouncing Off the Walls.".
+[^12]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 2, "The Dream Team.".
+[^13]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 2, "The Dream Team.".
+[^14]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," p. 1, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8.pdf
+[^15]: 902d Military Intelligence Group, GONDOLA WISH assessment report, August 25, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000160001-3. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R002000160001-3.pdf
+[^16]: 902d Military Intelligence Group, memorandum for Chief, OPSEC Support Division, "GONDOLA WISH (U)," May 18, 1978, signed Frederick H. Atwater, 2LT, MI, CI Studies Section, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000160007-7. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R002000160007-7.pdf
+[^17]: 902d Military Intelligence Group memorandum, "GRILL FLAME," September 25, 1978, signed Robert E. Keenan, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200240011-2. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R001200240011-2.pdf
+[^18]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 2, "The Dream Team.". Schnabel's notes cite an INSCOM memorandum of 1981 for the Army memo quoted and give Atwater, Riley and the INSCOM papers as sources for the code name Grill Flame.
+[^19]: Grill Flame Volunteer Security Agreement, Melvin C. Riley, dated 8 FEB 79, witnessed by the Grill Flame project officer, HQ INSCOM, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100150051-7. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00789R002100150051-7.pdf
+[^20]: Grill Flame Security Agreement, Melvin C. Riley, dated 8 February 79, with continuation page dated 8 Feb 79 witnessed by Frederick Atwater, 902d MI Gp, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100150052-6, pp. 1-2. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00789R002100150052-6.pdf
+[^21]: Grill Flame Volunteer Consent Statement, Melvin C. Riley, witnessed by Murray B. Watt, undated, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100150050-8. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00789R002100150050-8.pdf
+[^22]: "Information About Remote Viewing for Participants," signed by Melvin C. Riley and a witness on 20 Apr 79, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100150052-6, pp. 3-4. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00789R002100150052-6.pdf
+[^23]: INSCOM, "Proposed Grill Flame Protocol" and "Applied Remote Map Sensing Protocol," undated, signature block on p. 4, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100200001-8. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R001100200001-8.pdf
+[^24]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 2, "The Dream Team.". Chapter 1, "The Zone," opens on the morning of the tasking in September 1979. Schnabel's notes give Riley, Atwater, McMoneagle, Graff (1995) and two researchers formerly associated with the program as sources for the Chinese nuclear device.
+[^25]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 3, "Psi-INT.". Schnabel's notes give Atwater as the source for the approach by the Air Force team and add that Riley remembers also drawing an angular, sparrowlike plane, which he later recognized as the F-117.
+[^26]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 4, "Joe of Arc.". Schnabel's notes give Atwater and Riley as the sources. The seller's nationality is given differently by Atwater and Riley.
+[^27]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 3, "Psi-INT.". Schnabel's notes give a former CIA official, Riley, Atwater and Graff (1995) as sources for the KGB illegal.
+[^28]: Schnabel, Jim. "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Psi." *The Independent on Sunday* (London), August 27, 1995, The Sunday Review, pp. 10-13, as transcribed in the FBIS wire "UK: U.S. Use of 'Psychic Spies' Reported," August 27, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030073-5, PDF p. 6. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030073-5.pdf
+[^29]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 5, "Bouncing Off the Walls.". Schnabel's notes give Riley as the source for the dumpster anecdote and for the aftereffects.
+[^30]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 5, "Bouncing Off the Walls.". Schnabel's notes give Riley and Atwater as sources.
+[^31]: Memorandum for the record, 17 April 80, subject "Conversations With" (name redacted), signed by the Training Officer, IAFM-OPS-HU-SA, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000270008-4. The second paragraph reads "At 0900 hours, 17 Apr 1980." https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R002000270008-4.pdf
+[^32]: "Location of UH-1H," memorandum for Major O'Keefe, June 1, 1981, signed Melvin C. Riley, Project Analyst, with debriefing dates of March 27 and May 30, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R000600300002-2. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R000600300002-2.pdf
+[^33]: "Location of UH-1H," second version of the memorandum of June 1, 1981, signed Melvin C. Riley, Project Analyst, CIA-RDP96-00788R000600300018-5. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R000600300018-5.pdf
+[^34]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 3, "Psi-INT.". Schnabel's notes give Riley as the source for the helicopter in Peru.
+[^35]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 5, "Bouncing Off the Walls.".
+[^36]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 20, "Flameout.".
+[^37]: Command Group approval/release sheet, "Transfer of the CENTER LANE Project," INSCOM (LTC Buzby, action officer), 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001500090026-0. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R001500090026-0.pdf
+[^38]: Alphabetical access roster (names, rank, organization), CIA-RDP96-00788R001200330005-9, PDF p. 6, entry "RILEY Melvin C. SFC." The roster belongs to the same document series as the CENTER LANE Access Rosters dated April 10, April 20 and June 28, 1984. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788R001200330005-9.pdf
+[^39]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 21, "The Witches.". Schnabel's notes give Riley as the source for the Rapid Deployment Force period and Atwater and Riley for the transfer.
+[^40]: Defense Intelligence Agency memorandum, "SUN STREAK Ops/Tng Objectives, JAN 86 - JAN 88 (U)," September 19, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100300004-2. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00789R002100300004-2.pdf
+[^41]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 21, "The Witches.".
+[^42]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 21, "The Witches.". Schnabel's notes give Atwater, Dames, Riley and another source for the ERV, CRV and random-number passages and Graff (1995), Dames and two other program sources for the high-technology weapons sites.
+[^43]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 21, "The Witches.". Schnabel's notes give Dames and Riley as sources for the Silkworm missile and Lebanon taskings.
+[^44]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 22, "A Haunted House.".
+[^45]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 22, "A Haunted House.". Schnabel's notes give Riley, Dames and another program source for the session.
+[^46]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 22, "A Haunted House.". Schnabel's notes give Riley, Buchanan and another program source for the prank.
+[^47]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, chapter 22, "A Haunted House.". Schnabel's notes give Dames, Riley, Buchanan and another program source for the shredding and Riley and Dames for the plaque.
+[^48]: Schnabel, Jim. "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Psi." *The Independent on Sunday* (London), August 27, 1995, The Sunday Review, pp. 10-13, as transcribed in the FBIS wire "UK: U.S. Use of 'Psychic Spies' Reported," August 27, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030073-5, PDF pp. 12-13. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030073-5.pdf
+[^49]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, Epilogue.
+[^50]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, Epilogue. Schnabel's notes give Riley as the source for the Epilogue passages on him.
+[^51]: Schnabel, Jim. "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Psi." *The Independent on Sunday* (London), August 27, 1995, The Sunday Review, pp. 10-13, as transcribed in the FBIS wire "UK: U.S. Use of 'Psychic Spies' Reported," August 27, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030073-5, PDF pp. 7-8. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030073-5.pdf
+[^52]: Find a Grave, memorial 217006791, "1SGT Melvin C. Riley (1946-2020)," birth April 10, 1946, death April 25, 2020, burial Central Wisconsin Veterans Memorial Cemetery, King, Waupaca County, Wisconsin; inscription "1SG US ARMY / SSG US ARMY / PVT1 US ARMY VIETNAM." https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/217006791/melvin-c-riley
+[^53]: Schnabel, Jim. "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Psi." *The Independent on Sunday* (London), August 27, 1995, The Sunday Review, pp. 10-13, as transcribed in the FBIS wire "UK: U.S. Use of 'Psychic Spies' Reported," August 27, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030073-5, PDF p. 10. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030073-5.pdf
+[^54]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, Epilogue.
+[^55]: May, Edwin C., memorandum "Publicity and things," The Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, Palo Alto, September 21, 1995, p. 2, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030077-1. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030077-1.pdf

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Michael Riconosciuto.md

@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ The 1993 report of Judge [[Nicholas J. Bua]] for the Department of Justice descr
 
 In March 1991, Riconosciuto provided an affidavit to [[Bill Hamilton]] and [[Nancy Hamilton]], owners of [[INSLAW]], detailing his role in modifying PROMIS and alleging that Peter Videnieks attempted to dissuade him from cooperating with a [[United States House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary|House Judiciary Committee]] investigation into the software's theft. Eight days after signing this affidavit, Riconosciuto was arrested for allegedly operating a methamphetamine lab in Tacoma, Washington. He claimed this arrest was a deliberate attempt to discredit his testimony. The Special Counsel's investigation, however, found no connection between Riconosciuto's prosecution and his allegations in the Inslaw matter, concluding that the drug case began as a local investigation and the evidence against him was overwhelming.[^1][^7]
 
+The House Judiciary Committee report recorded that in his March 21, 1991 affidavit Riconosciuto stated that in February 1991 Peter Videnieks told him in a telephone conversation that it would be beneficial for him to refuse a committee request for an interview. On April 4, 1991 Riconosciuto gave the committee investigators a sworn statement connecting his work on PROMIS to Earl Brian and Videnieks, and said that he had two copies of the tape of the February 1991 conversation at the time of his arrest and that the tapes were in the possession of the DEA agents who arrested him.[^10] The report stated that he said that during a luncheon attended by Brian, Videnieks, James Hughes and himself, the enhanced PROMIS software was loaded into his car.[^11] The committee wrote that the timing of the March 29, 1991 arrest, coupled with Riconosciuto's allegation that tapes of a telephone conversation with Videnieks had been confiscated by DEA agents, "raises serious questions concerning whether the Department's prosecution of Mr. Riconosciuto was related to his cooperation with the committee," and that the Department refused the committee access to its investigative files on him.[^12]
+
+In his January 1992 trial testimony in Tacoma, Riconosciuto said he received a message from someone named Peter telling him to be at a restaurant wearing a yellow shirt, that a man he recognized as "Norm" and others there placed a call and handed him the phone, and that one of them said "It's no wonder, this is Videnieks." He testified that Videnieks told him he "was making some people nervous" and that there might be problems for him in connection with a savings and loan matter. Asked on direct examination how many times he had met Videnieks he answered "At least a dozen occasions," and that the first place was "In Indio, California."[^13]
+
 ### Connections and Allegations
 
 Riconosciuto's network of connections and the scope of his alleged activities are extensive. He was closely associated with [[Robert Booth Nichols]], a key figure in [[Danny Casolaro]]'s "[[The Octopus]]" investigation. They were partners in Meridian Arms, a subsidiary of Meridian International Logistics (MIL), and Riconosciuto was a technical advisor for [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]], where Nichols was on the Board of Directors. Riconosciuto claimed Nichols was involved in large-scale illegal drug operations and money laundering, and that Nichols attempted to pressure him into illegal activities.[^1]
@@ -47,7 +51,7 @@ Beyond PROMIS, Riconosciuto was involved in advanced technological projects, inc
 
 ### Remarks on Clearances and the Aquino Question
 
-In an undated transcript of an interview with [[Ted Gunderson]] (the interviewer is initialed "T.G."), the speaker, initialed "M.R.," discusses members of the Church of Set and of [[Michael Aquino]]'s circle. He says that the reaction to Aquino he received from "Dr. Malkin" was "Well, his clearance isn't all that high."[^10] In the same passage the speaker says that nearly everyone in Aquino's group was psy-ops or intelligence related.[^10] The transcript's cover line begins with the name "Michael," and the first notes in the file are headed "NOTES OF PHONE CONV. 12/29/87." The initials are the only identifier in the body of the transcript. Records found do not establish whether "Dr. Malkin" is [[Myron S. Malkin]], the former NASA Space Shuttle director and former Defense Department official, whose name appears in an undated (year not printed) Cabazon Arms letter.[^11]
+In an undated transcript of an interview with [[Ted Gunderson]] (the interviewer is initialed "T.G."), the speaker, initialed "M.R.," discusses members of the Church of Set and of [[Michael Aquino]]'s circle. He says that the reaction to Aquino he received from "Dr. Malkin" was "Well, his clearance isn't all that high."[^14] In the same passage the speaker says that nearly everyone in Aquino's group was psy-ops or intelligence related.[^14] The transcript's cover line begins with the name "Michael," and the first notes in the file are headed "NOTES OF PHONE CONV. 12/29/87." The initials are the only identifier in the body of the transcript. Records found do not establish whether "Dr. Malkin" is [[Myron S. Malkin]], the former NASA Space Shuttle director and former Defense Department official, whose name appears in an undated (year not printed) Cabazon Arms letter.[^15]
 
 ### Legal Troubles and Witness Protection Attempts
 
@@ -68,5 +72,9 @@ Danny Casolaro began interviewing Riconosciuto prior to his arrest in March 1991
 [^7]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993.
 [^8]: John Connolly, "Inside the Shadow CIA," *Spy,* September 1992, pp. 46-54. The bracketed description of Ammarell is the magazine's. https://www.prop1.org/legal/prisons/92wack.htm
 [^9]: Unsigned, undated letter, Danny Casolaro papers, folder "Wackenhut-Correspondence," beginning "The cooperation I have received from the Wackenhut Corporation." The spelling "Amarell" is as printed in the letter. https://archive.org/details/casolaro-notebooks.
-[^10]: Ted Gunderson and Michael Riconosciuto interview notes, file "Folder 7 Acc5516" (archive.org casolaro-notebooks item, file "Folder 7 Acc5516.pdf", text layer). Undated passage. https://archive.org/details/casolaro-notebooks
-[^11]: Letter over the name of Arthur Welmas, headed "CABAZON INDIAN SECURITY /WSI JOINT VENTURE," Indio, California, dated "May 1" (year not printed), Danny Casolaro papers, folder "Wackenhut-Correspondence." https://archive.org/details/casolaro-notebooks
+[^10]: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary. *The INSLAW Affair: Investigative Report.* H. Rept. 102-857, 102d Cong., 2d sess., September 10, 1992, p. 51. https://archive.org/details/InslawAffairInvestigativeReport
+[^11]: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary. *The INSLAW Affair: Investigative Report.* H. Rept. 102-857, 102d Cong., 2d sess., September 10, 1992, p. 52 n. 131. https://archive.org/details/InslawAffairInvestigativeReport
+[^12]: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary. *The INSLAW Affair: Investigative Report.* H. Rept. 102-857, 102d Cong., 2d sess., September 10, 1992, pp. 100-101. https://archive.org/details/InslawAffairInvestigativeReport
+[^13]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.* March 1993, pp. 48, 53 (summarizing the trial testimony). https://archive.org/details/doj-oip-inslaw-1993
+[^14]: Ted Gunderson and Michael Riconosciuto interview notes, file "Folder 7 Acc5516" (archive.org casolaro-notebooks item, file "Folder 7 Acc5516.pdf", text layer). Undated passage. https://archive.org/details/casolaro-notebooks
+[^15]: Letter over the name of Arthur Welmas, headed "CABAZON INDIAN SECURITY /WSI JOINT VENTURE," Indio, California, dated "May 1" (year not printed), Danny Casolaro papers, folder "Wackenhut-Correspondence." https://archive.org/details/casolaro-notebooks

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Moises Nunez.md

@@ -10,6 +10,18 @@ tags:
   - Contra_War
 summary: Moises Nunez was a Cuban CIA agent who managed Frigorificos de Puntarenas while simultaneously dealing drugs and running covert maritime operations against the Sandinistas.
 location: "Cuba"
+relations:
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Iran-Contra Affair]]"
+    role: "Recorded by the CIA Inspector General as describing a clandestine relationship with the NSC from 1985"
+    start: 1985
+    fn: 2
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Iran-Contra Affair]]"
+    role: "Named in the Senate subcommittee report as participating in Contra military assistance operations in 1984 and 1985"
+    start: 1984
+    end: 1985
+    fn: 3
 ---
 Moises Núñez was a [[Cuba|Cuban]] [[Central Intelligence Agency]] agent and [[Bay of Pigs]] veteran who managed [[Frigorificos de Puntarenas]] in Costa Rica, the drug-front shrimp company hired by the U.S. State Department to distribute "humanitarian" aid to the Contras. CIA operative [[John Hull]] confirmed Núñez was working with the agency as an intelligence source, and a 1988 UPI story identified him as an Agency officer based on accounts from two senior Costa Rican government officials, a U.S. intelligence source, and American law enforcement authorities.[^1]
 
@@ -19,10 +31,18 @@ In addition to distributing State Department money, Núñez permitted Frigorific
 
 ### Drug Trafficking and Cover-Up
 
-In March 1987, the CIA interrogated Núñez about allegations of drug dealing through Frigorificos. A DEA seizure had already confirmed that Núñez's partners shipped a 414-pound cocaine load to Miami in January 1986 amid crates of yucca. Núñez "revealed that since 1985, he had engaged in a clandestine relationship with the National Security Council" and refused to elaborate because of "the specific tasks he had performed at the direction of the NSC." CIA headquarters immediately halted the questioning. [[Alan Fiers]] confirmed the shutdown was "because of the NSC connection."[^1]
+In March 1987, the CIA interrogated Núñez about allegations of drug dealing through Frigorificos. A DEA seizure had already confirmed that Núñez's partners shipped a 414-pound cocaine load to Miami in January 1986 amid crates of yucca. Webb's text adds that Núñez refused to elaborate because of "the specific tasks he had performed at the direction of the NSC."[^1]
+
+The CIA Inspector General's report, in its section headed "Moises Nunez," records that on March 25, 1987 the CIA questioned him about narcotics trafficking allegations and that he "revealed that since 1985, he had engaged in a clandestine relationship with the National Security Council (NSC)." He refused to identify the NSC officials involved. A headquarters cable of April 1987 first said a decision had been made to debrief him; the next day a cable stated "Headquarters has decided against . . . debriefing Nunez."[^2] The CIA officer Louis Dupart told the Inspector General the Agency position was to turn the matter over to others because "it had nothing to do with the Agency, but with the National Security Council." [[Alan Fiers]] wrote to the Inspector General that "because of the NSC connection" a decision was made not to pursue the matter but "to turn it over to Judge Walsh."[^2] CIA officials briefed Senators Rudman and Cohen on April 10, 1987, and the senators asked that Senate committee staff interview Nunez. The report states that an interview in San Jose in September 1987 indicated that Nunez denied any relationship with the NSC or with anyone doing work for it.[^2]
+
+The Senate subcommittee report, chaired by [[John Kerry]], names a Moises Nunez who with Frank Chanes participated in Contra military assistance operations in 1984 and 1985, and says he was employed by Frigorificos de Puntarenas, which the report describes as a drug money laundering front, and by Glenn Robinette on behalf of the Second-North Enterprise. It reports that former CIA Costa Rica chief of station Thomas Castillo told the Iran-Contra committees that Nunez was involved in "a very sensitive operation" for the Enterprise.[^3]
+
+Webb's text also names a Bay of Pigs veteran, [[Dagoberto Nunez]], who appears in Rob Owen's memoranda to North on shrimping ventures in Costa Rica. Whether Dagoberto Nunez and Moises Nunez are one person is not stated in the Inspector General's report, the Senate report or Webb's text.
 
 For years afterward, the CIA shielded Núñez from criminal investigations, telling U.S. Customs and the [[DEA]] it had no information about his trafficking activities. The CIA's Directorate of Operations lied even to the Agency's own lawyers, denying knowledge of Núñez's shrimp company despite ample information in its files. A 1989 [[Costa Rica|Costa Rican]] prosecutor's report noted that Núñez carried credentials from the Costa Rican Ministry of Public Safety's Department of Narcotics, provided funds and vehicles for antidrug operations, and went out on raids - though he blew a four-month investigation of a Colombian drug ring by making a "premature" arrest.[^1]
 
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 12: "This guy talks to God"
+[^2]: CIA Office of Inspector General, Report of Investigation (unclassified January 29, 1998), paras. 490 to 495. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-06974497
+[^3]: U.S. Senate, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics and International Operations, Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy, S. Prt. 100-165 (December 1988), text at notes 140 and 141. https://archive.org/details/Kerry-Report-Drugs-Contras

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Prasan Nepal.md

@@ -6,23 +6,154 @@ tags:
   - ChildExploitation
   - NVE
   - FederalCase
+  - GuiltyPlea
   - NorthCarolina
   - USA
+aliases:
+  - Prasan Nepal
+  - Trippy
+  - Leather Jacket
+  - Rebirth
+  - KingKrampus
+  - Indras Jester
 created: 2026-05-21
-updated: 2026-05-21
-summary: "Prasan Nepal (alias 'Trippy') co-led the 764 Inferno child exploitation enterprise with Leonidas Varagiannis, arrested in High Point, North Carolina in April 2025 and charged in D.C. with CSAM production and related offenses."
+updated: 2026-10-09
+summary: "Prasan Nepal (alias 'Trippy') pleaded guilty October 8, 2026 in the District of Columbia to conspiracy to commit sexual exploitation of a child, after charges that he co-led 764 Inferno with Leonidas Varagiannis."
 born: 2005
 location: "High Point, North Carolina"
+relations:
+  - type: head_of
+    with: "[[764 Network]]"
+    role: "leader (alleged)"
+    start: 2021-08
+    end: 2025-04
+    fn: 2
+  - type: head_of
+    with: "[[764 Inferno]]"
+    role: "co-leader and administrator of the channel (alleged)"
+    start: 2024-01
+    end: 2025-03
+    fn: 9
+  - type: partner_of
+    with: "[[Leonidas Varagiannis]]"
+    role: "co-leader of 764 Inferno and co-defendant (alleged)"
+    start: 2024-01
+    end: 2025-03
+    fn: 9
+  - type: partner_of
+    with: "[[Bradley Chance Cadenhead]]"
+    role: "discussed founding 764 together in July 2021 (affidavit's 'Individual 1'; CBC News names Cadenhead as 764's founder and Nepal as his successor)"
+    start: 2021-07
+    end: 2021-08
+    fn: 13
+  - type: prosecuted
+    with: "[[U.S. Department of Justice]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 2025-04-15
+    fn: 5
+  - type: prosecuted
+    with: "[[Justin Sher]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 2025-04-30
+    fn: 1
+  - type: investigated
+    with: "[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 2025-04-15
+    fn: 2
+  - type: represented
+    with: "[[Paulette Pagan]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 2025-05-01
+    end: 2026-03-30
+    fn: 12
+  - type: represented
+    with: "[[David Benowitz]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 2026-03-30
+    fn: 12
 ---
 
-[[Prasan Nepal]], known online as "Trippy," (born approximately 2005, [[High Point, North Carolina]]) co-led [[764 Inferno]] alongside [[Leonidas Varagiannis]] ("War"), directing the subgroup's child exploitation enterprise against minor victims across multiple jurisdictions. Nepal was arrested in High Point on April 22, 2025, eight days before the [[U.S. Department of Justice|DOJ]] announced charges against both defendants on April 30, 2025 in the [[District of Columbia]]. The charges include production and distribution of [[CSAM]], coercion and enticement of minors, extortion, and conspiracy to operate a child exploitation enterprise. He faces a potential life sentence in federal prison. He was also named as a co-conspirator in the October 2025 federal indictment against [[Baron Cain Martin]] in the District of Arizona.[^1]
+[[Prasan Nepal]], known online as "Trippy," (born approximately 2005, [[High Point, North Carolina]]) pleaded guilty on October 8, 2026 in the [[U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia]] to conspiracy to commit sexual exploitation of a child, according to a [[U.S. Department of Justice|Justice Department]] release.[^1] He was charged by sealed complaint in April 2025 and indicted in September 2025 as a leader of [[764 Inferno]], the inner cell of the [[764 Network]]. The charging documents allege that he co-led the cell with [[Leonidas Varagiannis]] ("War") and directed its exploitation of minors. The allegations below are attributed to those documents.
 
-### 764 Inferno Operations
+### Arrest and complaint
 
-Nepal and Varagiannis co-led 764 Inferno's operations using [[The Com]] ecosystem's coercive methods: grooming vulnerable young people through encrypted applications, coercing victims into producing explicit and degrading material through psychological manipulation and threats, ordering self-harm documentation ("cut signs" and "blood signs" - photographs of victims cutting symbols into their own skin), and building "Lorebooks" - curated collections of victim abuse content that functioned as internal currency and status markers within the [[764 Network]]. DOJ documents confirmed at least 8 minor victims, some as young as 13, across multiple jurisdictions.
+On April 15, 2025, Magistrate Judge [[Zia M. Faruqui]] signed a sealed criminal complaint charging Nepal and Varagiannis with engaging in a child exploitation enterprise under [[18 U.S.C. § 2252A(g)]].[^2][^3] The affidavit was sworn by [[Andrew Rust]], a Special Agent of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] Washington Field Office assigned to counterterrorism and [[Nihilistic Violent Extremism]] investigations.[^2] Nepal was arrested in High Point, North Carolina, on April 22, 2025, eight days before the announcement.[^3][^4]
 
-As a U.S. resident arrested in [[North Carolina]], Nepal faces direct federal prosecution in the District of Columbia with no extradition complications, in contrast to Varagiannis, who was contesting extradition from Greece before the Greek Court of Appeals as of mid-2025.[^1]
+The complaint was unsealed on April 30, 2025, on an order of Magistrate Judge [[Moxila A. Upadhyaya]], when the Justice Department announced charges against both men. The announcement was made by U.S. Attorney [[Edward R. Martin Jr.]], Attorney General [[Pamela Bondi]], and FBI officials in Washington and New York.[^3][^5] Varagiannis was arrested in [[Greece]] the previous day.[^5]
+
+The docket records Rule 5(c)(3) documents received from the [[Middle District of North Carolina]], under case 1:25-mj-00151, on May 12, 2025, and a protective order governing discovery entered the same day by Magistrate Judge [[G. Michael Harvey]].[^3] Paulette Pagan appeared as defense counsel on May 1, 2025.[^3] On May 21, 2025, Nepal had his initial appearance before Magistrate Judge [[Matthew J. Sharbaugh]] in Washington; the government's oral motion for a speedy trial was granted, time was excluded through July 21, 2025, and the minute entry records that he was committed.[^6] A [[WGHP]] report published April 30, 2025 said he was held in the [[Guilford County]] jail on a federal hold and that court filings showed he had a public defender.[^4] At the July 21, 2025 status hearing, the minute entry records that Nepal "had a detention hearing in the arresting jurisdiction and waived the right to challenge that finding with the District Judge."[^7]
+
+### Charges and indictment
+
+The complaint charged one count, under 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(g). Its affidavit describes conduct from January 2024 through March 2025 and lists as predicate offenses attempted sexual exploitation of a child under 18 U.S.C. § 2251(a), coercion and enticement of a minor and conspiracy to commit it under 18 U.S.C. § 2422(b), and conspiracy to distribute or receive child pornography under 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(2).[^2] At the 2025 announcement, the Justice Department said the defendants faced a maximum penalty of life in prison.[^5]
+
+A grand jury returned a one-count indictment against Nepal and Varagiannis on September 26, 2025, docketed as No. 1:25-cr-00304 and assigned to Judge [[Reggie B. Walton]].[^8] Count One charges a child exploitation enterprise under 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(g) and carries a forfeiture allegation.[^9] The indictment alleges that the enterprise ran from a date before 2021 through about April 29, 2025.[^9] It lists the monikers of 22 alleged co-conspirators and designates nine minor victims by number.[^9] Nepal pleaded not guilty to Count One at his arraignment before Judge Walton on October 3, 2025, and remained committed.[^10] The case was continued for status conferences on repeated defense motions and excluded-time orders through 2025 and 2026, with Nepal's written waivers of speedy trial rights docketed on December 10, 2025 and March 6, 2026.[^11]
+
+The Justice Department names [[Justin Sher]] and [[James Donnelly]], trial attorneys in the [[National Security Division]]'s Counterterrorism Section, and Assistant U.S. Attorneys [[Karen Shinskie]] and [[Janani Iyengar]] for the District of Columbia, as prosecutors in the October 2026 release.[^1] On March 30, 2026, Judge Walton granted the substitution of David Benowitz for Pagan as counsel, and Benowitz appeared May 18, 2026.[^12]
+
+### Monikers and role in 764 Inferno
+
+The affidavit places Nepal in 764 from its inception in late 2020 or early 2021. It states that after the August 25, 2021 arrest of an individual it calls "Individual 1," Nepal emerged as a leader and remained in that position.[^2] [[CBC]] News reported that Nepal had been involved in 764 since its inception in 2020 and emerged as its leader in August 2021 after the founder, [[Bradley Chance Cadenhead]], was arrested by the FBI, and that Cadenhead is serving an 80-year sentence.[^13] The affidavit cites July 2021 iMessages between Individual 1 and Nepal in which the two discuss founding 764 together.[^2] The 2026 release says Nepal joined 764 in or around early 2021 and worked with others, including Individual 1, to establish the group.[^1]
+
+The affidavit says Nepal used the monikers "Leather Jacket," "Rebirth" and "KingKrampus," and was best known in 764 Inferno as "Trippy." The 2026 release adds "Indras Jester."[^1][^2]
+
+Nepal and Varagiannis ran 764 Inferno's operations within [[The Com]] ecosystem. 764 Inferno is described as a channel on an encrypted messaging application, access to which was reserved for an inner core of members invited by the leaders. The affidavit states that Nepal and Varagiannis controlled recruitment and performed the roles of owner or administrator.[^2] The indictment states that Nepal and Varagiannis, with a co-conspirator known as "Fail," controlled recruitment to 764, decided which admitted members entered 764 Inferno or were excluded, decided who was promoted, required members to keep producing and posting content to remain, and regularly monitored the channel's activity.[^9] It alleges that prospective members were required to produce and share content, some of it depicting minors in sexual conduct or self-harm.[^2][^9]
+
+### Allegations in the charging documents
+
+The affidavit alleges the following conduct by Nepal:
+
+- In July 2019, messages allegedly sent on [[Snapchat]] offering to send child sexual abuse material ([[CSAM]]).[^2]
+- On May 27, 2024, step-by-step instructions for grooming and extorting a potential victim, which the affidavit quotes.[^2]
+- On June 25, 2024, telling a co-conspirator that prospective recruits would not be taken in "unless they do some crazy shit."[^2]
+- On July 22, 2024, asking a co-conspirator whether he was going to "beat some ass" and instructing him to use a weapon.[^2]
+- On September 30, 2024, stating "we're not anti-extortion" and that he preferred extortion to continue.[^2]
+
+The indictment repeats the June 25, 2024 exchange, in which Nepal asked a co-conspirator who he wanted recruited and then declined to recruit the named candidates on that standard.[^14] It alleges that on September 30, 2024, Nepal wrote in 764 Inferno a statement defending extortion of girls as a form of discipline, and that on October 4, 2024 he answered a member's post by telling him that an image and the girl's school could be used to blackmail her by threatening to show the image to her family and friends.[^14] It further alleges that Nepal was active in 764 Inferno on June 14, 2024 (posting five minutes before and seventeen minutes after a co-conspirator posted a link to a compilation of material depicting a minor), on June 18, 2024 (when he also discussed with "Fail" removing members from the channel for arguing), and on August 29, 2024, when co-conspirators posted similar compilations.[^15] The indictment defines "Lorebooks" as compilations edited from material obtained from victims by blackmail and coercion, shared on social media platforms and stored in online "vaults" kept by designated members in case other members were arrested, and states that Lorebooks containing child pornography served as currency within 764.[^16]
+
+The affidavit also alleges that Nepal and Varagiannis, with two co-conspirators, wrote a guide for prospective members on grooming and extortion, and that Varagiannis posted it in a public 764 channel on September 13, 2024.[^2] The guide told recruits to target vulnerable people, such as those with depression or mental illness, whom it called "e-girls."[^2][^9] The Justice Department says the defendants used the material they obtained to create [[Lorebook|Lorebooks]], which served as digital currency within the network, and that they instructed other members in grooming tactics and set content production expectations for new recruits.[^5] The release says the group's content included "cut signs" and "blood signs," through which young girls would cut symbols into their bodies, and that victims were coerced into producing degrading and explicit content through manipulation and threats.[^5]
+
+### Plea and sentencing
+
+On October 6, 2026, the government filed a one-count information against Nepal alone, dated October 5, 2026 and signed by Assistant U.S. Attorney Karen L. Shinskie. It charges that from a date before January 1, 2021 through about April 29, 2025, Nepal conspired with Varagiannis and others to employ, use, persuade, induce, entice and coerce a minor to engage in sexually explicit conduct for the purpose of producing a visual depiction, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2251(a) and (e), with a forfeiture allegation.[^17] The docket for October 8, 2026 records a plea agreement, a statement of offense, a waiver of indictment and a waiver of jury trial, and a minute entry for arraignment and plea agreement hearing with the case referred for a presentence report.[^18]
+
+The release says Nepal pleaded guilty before Judge Walton on October 8, 2026 to conspiracy to commit sexual exploitation of a child, that he faces a minimum of 15 years and a maximum of 30 years in prison, and that sentencing is set for March 5, 2027.[^1][^19] FBI Director [[Kash Patel]] called the plea "the latest victory in the FBI's work with partners to dismantle the violent 764 network."[^1] Assistant Attorney General [[John A. Eisenberg]] said that Nepal "treated the suffering of the group's victims as currency to be traded among his co-conspirators."[^1] [[CyberScoop]] reported that the indictment accused the two defendants of exploiting at least eight minor victims, some as young as 13, across multiple jurisdictions.[^20]
+
+### Varagiannis and the Greek proceedings
+
+Greek police arrested Varagiannis in [[Thessaloniki]] on April 29, 2025, on a U.S. request, and an appellate prosecutor there took his first appearance on April 30; [[Euronews]] reported in May 2025 that he denied the charges and opposed extradition to the United States.[^21][^22][^23] On July 9, 2025, the [[Associated Press]] reported from Thessaloniki that a court had rejected the extradition request because he had applied for, and was eligible to receive, Greek citizenship.[^24] On October 17, 2025, [[To Vima]] reported the Greek arrest of an unnamed 21-year-old Greek-American man in Thessaloniki on felony charges of participating in a U.S.-based criminal organization that trafficked child pornography, and described him as the person arrested the previous April on the U.S. request whose extradition an appellate council had rejected because of dual citizenship.[^25] The October 2026 release states that Varagiannis is held at [[Grevena Prison]] in northern Greece and is expected to be tried there within six months on charges related to child pornography and participation in a criminal organization.[^1] As a U.S. resident arrested in North Carolina, Nepal faced direct federal prosecution in the District of Columbia without extradition proceedings, in contrast to Varagiannis.[^5]
+
+### Related federal case
+
+The superseding indictment against [[Baron Cain Martin]] in the [[District of Arizona]] (No. 4:25-cr-00190), filed October 29, 2025 in a version redacted for public disclosure, refers to his co-conspirators as "conspirators," "coconspirators," "Conspirator 1" and "others, known and unknown." The unredacted version was filed under seal.[^26] The Justice Department's October 31, 2025 release describes Martin as having conspired "with others."[^27]
 
 ### Footnotes
 
-[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice, USAO-DC. "Leaders of 764 Arrested and Charged for Operating Global Child Exploitation Enterprise." April 30, 2025. https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/leaders-764-arrested-and-charged-operating-global-child-exploitation-enterprise; Carolina Journal. "High Point man charged with operating international child exploitation network." April 2025. https://www.carolinajournal.com/high-point-man-charged-with-operating-international-child-exploitation-network/
+[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs. "Leader of Global Violent Extremist Network '764' Pleads Guilty to Conspiracy to Sexually Exploit Minors." Press Release 26-1164, October 9, 2026 (reporting a plea "yesterday"). https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/leader-global-violent-extremist-network-764-pleads-guilty-conspiracy-sexually-exploit-minors
+[^2]: United States v. Nepal, No. 1:25-mj-00061-ZMF (D.D.C.), Criminal Complaint and Affidavit in Support of Arrest Warrant of FBI Special Agent Andrew Rust, sworn April 15, 2025 (affidavit paragraphs 1 through 29; footnote 3 for the iMessages). https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/media/1398431/dl
+[^3]: CourtListener RECAP docket for United States v. Nepal, No. 1:25-cr-00304-RBW (D.D.C.), entries carried over from No. 1:25-mj-00061-ZMF: sealed complaint and sealing order (April 15, 2025), arrest warrant returned executed (April 22, 2025), motion to unseal (April 29, 2025) and order (April 30, 2025), notice of appearance of Paulette Pagan (May 1, 2025), Rule 5(c)(3) documents from No. 1:25-mj-00151 (M.D.N.C.) and protective order (May 12, 2025). https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71487411/united-states-v-nepal/
+[^4]: WGHP, "High Point man arrested as part of international child exploitation ring '764,' DOJ says," April 30, 2025, syndicated on Yahoo News. https://www.yahoo.com/news/high-point-man-arrested-part-174645212.html ; Carolina Journal, "High Point man charged with operating international child exploitation network," May 1, 2025. https://www.carolinajournal.com/high-point-man-charged-with-operating-international-child-exploitation-network/
+[^5]: U.S. Department of Justice, USAO-DC. "Leaders of 764 Arrested and Charged for Operating Global Child Exploitation Enterprise." April 30, 2025. https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/leaders-764-arrested-and-charged-operating-global-child-exploitation-enterprise
+[^6]: United States v. Nepal, No. 1:25-cr-00304-RBW (D.D.C.), docket, minute entry for the proceeding of May 21, 2025 before Magistrate Judge Matthew J. Sharbaugh (return on arrest warrant and initial appearance; speedy trial excluded May 21 to July 21, 2025; committed). https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71487411/united-states-v-nepal/
+[^7]: United States v. Nepal, No. 1:25-cr-00304-RBW (D.D.C.), docket, minute entry for the status hearing of July 21, 2025 before Magistrate Judge Sharbaugh (detention hearing held in the arresting jurisdiction; challenge waived; speedy trial excluded July 21 to September 16, 2025). https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71487411/united-states-v-nepal/
+[^8]: United States v. Nepal, No. 1:25-cr-00304-RBW (D.D.C.), docket entry 19 (indictment as to Nepal and Varagiannis, count 1, forfeiture allegation; dated September 26, 2025, entered September 29, 2025) and entry 21 (general order of Judge Walton, September 30, 2025). https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71487411/united-states-v-nepal/
+[^9]: Indictment, United States v. Nepal and Varagiannis, No. 1:25-cr-00304-RBW (D.D.C.), Doc. 19, filed September 26, 2025, paragraphs 9 to 17, 32 to 52 and Count One. https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.285418/gov.uscourts.dcd.285418.19.0.pdf
+[^10]: United States v. Nepal, No. 1:25-cr-00304-RBW (D.D.C.), docket, minute entry for the arraignment of October 3, 2025 before Judge Walton (plea of not guilty to Count 1; committed) and order of October 3, 2025 (entry 22). https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71487411/united-states-v-nepal/
+[^11]: United States v. Nepal, No. 1:25-cr-00304-RBW (D.D.C.), docket entries 22, 25, 27 to 31, 35, 37 to 40 and 42 (orders continuing status conferences and excluding time, November 2025 through September 2026; notices of waiver of speedy trial rights, entries 28 and 30). https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71487411/united-states-v-nepal/
+[^12]: United States v. Nepal, No. 1:25-cr-00304-RBW (D.D.C.), docket entries 32 (motion to substitute attorney, March 26, 2026), 33 (order of March 30, 2026 terminating the appearance of Paulette M. Pagan and substituting David Benowitz) and 34 (notice of appearance of David Barry Benowitz, May 18, 2026). https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71487411/united-states-v-nepal/
+[^13]: CBC News (The Fifth Estate), "Alleged leaders of child exploitation cult known as 764 arrested, charged," May 1, 2025. https://www.cbc.ca/lite/story/1.7524177
+[^14]: Indictment, Doc. 19, paragraphs 19 and 25. https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.285418/gov.uscourts.dcd.285418.19.0.pdf
+[^15]: Indictment, Doc. 19, paragraphs 34, 42 and 44. https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.285418/gov.uscourts.dcd.285418.19.0.pdf
+[^16]: Indictment, Doc. 19, paragraphs 29 and 30. https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.285418/gov.uscourts.dcd.285418.19.0.pdf
+[^17]: Information, United States v. Nepal, No. 1:25-cr-00304-RBW (D.D.C.), Doc. 43, dated October 5, 2026, docketed October 6, 2026. https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.285419/gov.uscourts.dcd.285419.43.0_1.pdf
+[^18]: United States v. Nepal, No. 1:25-cr-00304-RBW (D.D.C.), docket entries 45 (plea agreement), 46 (statement of offense), 47 (waiver of indictment) and 48 (waiver of trial by jury), and the minute entry of October 8, 2026 (arraignment and plea agreement hearing; plea entered; referred for presentence report). https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71487411/united-states-v-nepal/
+[^19]: 7News (CBS12), "Leader of violent extremist network '764' pleads guilty in DC child exploitation case," October 8, 2026 (plea entered Thursday before Judge Walton). https://cbs12.com/news/nation-world/leader-764-violent-extremist-network-guilty-dc-child-exploitation-federal-minors-prosecutors-north-carolina-prasan-nepal-high-point-trippy-prison-cruelty-violence-children-minors-game-domination-control-varagiannis-war-washington-district-of-columbia
+[^20]: CyberScoop, "Leader of 764 pleads guilty, faces up to 30 years in prison," October 8, 2026. https://cyberscoop.com/764-leader-prasan-nepal-guilty/
+[^21]: Protothema, "Συνελήφθη στη Θεσσαλονίκη μέλος της οργάνωσης «764» για υποθέσεις παιδικής πορνογραφίας" (report of the Greek police statement), April 30, 2025. https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1632347/sunelifthi-sti-thessaloniki-melos-tis-organosis-764-gia-upotheseis-paidikis-pornografias-ton-anazitouse-i-interpol/
+[^22]: Associated Press, "US citizen wanted in 'nihilistic' child sexual exploitation case arrested in Greece," April 30, 2025. https://www.aol.com/news/us-citizen-wanted-nihilistic-child-153301955.html
+[^23]: Euronews, "US citizen faces extradition from Greece for alleged role in online child exploitation ring," May 1, 2025. https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/05/01/us-citizen-faces-extradition-from-greece-for-alleged-role-in-online-child-exploitation-rin
+[^24]: Associated Press, "Greek court rejects extradition request for US national accused of running child exploitation site," July 9, 2025. https://mynorthwest.com/world/greek-court-rejects-extradition-request-for-us-national-accused-of-running-child-exploitation-site/4108364
+[^25]: To Vima, "2 Suspects Arrested in Thessaloniki in Int'l Child Porn Investigation," October 17, 2025. https://www.tovima.com/society/2-suspects-arrested-in-thessaloniki-in-intl-child-porn-investigation/
+[^26]: Superseding Indictment (Redacted for Public Disclosure), United States v. Martin, No. 4:25-cr-00190 (D. Ariz.), Doc. 53, filed October 29, 2025; sealed unredacted version, Doc. 54. https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.azd.1421217/gov.uscourts.azd.1421217.53.0_1.pdf
+[^27]: U.S. Department of Justice, OPA. "Arizona Leader of Violent Extremist Network '764' Charged with Running a Child Exploitation Enterprise, Supporting Terrorists, Producing and Distributing Child Pornography, and Other Crimes." October 31, 2025. https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/arizona-leader-violent-extremist-network-764-charged-running-child-exploitation-enterprise

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Robert Owen.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ In 1985, Owen reported to North that a DC-6 owned by Mario Calero (brother of [[
 
 ### Nunez and H&M Corp
 
-A 1986 memo from Owen to North described [[Moises Nunez|Dagoberto Núñez]]'s plan to sign an agreement with Heroes and Martyrs Trading Corporation (H&M Corp.), the official import-export agency of the Sandinista government, for shrimping rights off the Pacific Coast of [[Nicaragua]]. Núñez was a Costa Rican-based drug trafficker working for North and the [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. "Nunez is doing this so he can help us. He will cooperate and do anything we ask," Owen told North. "He believes this will provide an opportunity to use his boats for cover operations, or to implicate the Ortegas and Borge in taking money on the side for their own pocket. He is right on both counts."[^2]
+A 1986 memo from Owen to North described [[Dagoberto Nunez|Dagoberto Núñez]]'s plan to sign an agreement with Heroes and Martyrs Trading Corporation (H&M Corp.), the official import-export agency of the Sandinista government, for shrimping rights off the Pacific Coast of [[Nicaragua]]. Núñez was a Costa Rican-based drug trafficker working for North and the [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. "Nunez is doing this so he can help us. He will cooperate and do anything we ask," Owen told North. "He believes this will provide an opportunity to use his boats for cover operations, or to implicate the Ortegas and Borge in taking money on the side for their own pocket. He is right on both counts."[^2]
 
 ### The Kelso Affair
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Rockefeller family.md

@@ -30,7 +30,12 @@ relations:
   - type: owned
     with: "[[Chase Manhattan Bank]]"
     role: "family control of Chase National from the 1920s"
-    fn: 4
+    fn: 5
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Operations Coordinating Board]]"
+    role: "Nelson Rockefeller, chairman of the Planning Coordination Group, a grouping of OCB members"
+    start: 1955-03-10
+    fn: 8
 created: 2026-09-22
 updated: 2026-09-22
 ---
@@ -39,21 +44,22 @@ The Rockefeller family's fortune came from [[Standard Oil]]. In 1870 [[John D. R
 
 ### The Five Brothers
 
-[[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]] and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller had five sons, John D. III, [[Nelson Rockefeller]], [[Laurance Rockefeller]], Winthrop and [[David Rockefeller]], who in 1940 set up the [[Rockefeller Brothers Fund]] to coordinate their giving.[^3][^5] The family had controlled the Chase National Bank since the 1920s; merged with the Bank of the Manhattan Company in 1955 as [[Chase Manhattan Bank]], it was run by David, president from 1961 and chairman from 1969 to 1981.[^4]
+[[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]] and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller had five sons, John D. III, [[Nelson Rockefeller]], [[Laurance Rockefeller]], Winthrop and [[David Rockefeller]], who in 1940 set up the [[Rockefeller Brothers Fund]] to coordinate their giving.[^3][^4] The family had controlled the Chase National Bank since the 1920s; merged with the Bank of the Manhattan Company in 1955 as [[Chase Manhattan Bank]], it was run by David, president from 1961 and chairman from 1969 to 1981.[^5]
 
-Nelson, a director of Standard Oil of New Jersey's Venezuelan subsidiary, Creole Petroleum, in the 1930s, was named on August 16, 1940, to head the office that became the [[CIAA|Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs]], which subsidized 1,200 Latin American newspaper publishers dependent on its newsprint shipments.[^5][^6] After the war he set up two private development companies, the [[IBEC|International Basic Economy Corporation]] and the [[AIA|American International Association]].[^5] In 1955, as special assistant to President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], he chaired the Planning Coordination Group, set up within the framework of [[National Security Council|NSC]] 5412, which governed covert operations; its members were the under secretary of state, the deputy secretary of defense and the director of central intelligence.[^7] The Brothers Fund's Special Studies Project of 1956 to 1961, which Nelson convened, had [[Henry A. Kissinger|Henry Kissinger]] as its director, and Nelson kept him on afterward as his foreign policy consultant; Laurance sat on Kissinger's panel.[^3][^8] As vice president, Nelson chaired the [[Rockefeller Commission 1975|commission]] that [[Gerald Ford]] set up on January 4, 1975, to investigate the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s domestic activities.[^9]
+Nelson, a director of Standard Oil of New Jersey's Venezuelan subsidiary, Creole Petroleum, in the 1930s, was named on August 16, 1940, to head the office that became the [[CIAA|Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs]], which subsidized 1,200 Latin American newspaper publishers dependent on its newsprint shipments.[^4][^6] After the war he set up two private development companies, the [[IBEC|International Basic Economy Corporation]] and the [[AIA|American International Association]].[^4] In 1955, as special assistant to President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], he chaired the Planning Coordination Group, set up in March 1955 within the [[Operations Coordinating Board]] to cover overt and covert action; its members were the under secretary of state, the deputy secretary of defense and the director of central intelligence.[^7] The Bureau of the Budget had proposed it as "a special grouping of OCB members chaired by Mr. Rockefeller," and Rockefeller was designated its chairman on March 10, 1955. The group was a grouping of OCB members, distinct from the Special Group of [[National Security Council|NSC]] 5412.[^8] The Brothers Fund's Special Studies Project of 1956 to 1961, which Nelson convened, had [[Henry A. Kissinger|Henry Kissinger]] as its director, and Nelson kept him on afterward as his foreign policy consultant; Laurance sat on Kissinger's panel.[^3][^9] As vice president, Nelson chaired the [[Rockefeller Commission 1975|commission]] that [[Gerald Ford]] set up on January 4, 1975, to investigate the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s domestic activities.[^10]
 
-The Foundation paid for the founding in 1943 of the [[Allan Memorial Institute]] in Montreal, where [[D. Ewen Cameron]] later conducted the depatterning experiments funded under [[Project MKUltra|MKULTRA]].[^10] David founded the Council of the Americas in 1963 and in 1973, with [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]], the [[Trilateral Commission]].[^5]
+The Foundation paid for the founding in 1943 of the [[Allan Memorial Institute]] in Montreal, where [[D. Ewen Cameron]] later conducted the depatterning experiments funded under [[Project MKUltra|MKULTRA]].[^11] David founded the Council of the Americas in 1963 and in 1973, with [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]], the [[Trilateral Commission]].[^4]
 
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: ExxonMobil, "Our History," corporate history timeline, entries for 1870, 1882 and the 1911 dissolution. https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/company/who-we-are/our-history
 [^2]: Colby, Gerard, and Charlotte Dennett. *Thy Will Be Done: The Conquest of the Amazon.* HarperCollins, 1995, chs. 2-3.
 [^3]: Colby and Dennett, ch. 25, as cited on the Rockefeller Brothers Fund page.
-[^4]: Colby and Dennett, ch. 13, as cited on the Chase Manhattan Bank page.
-[^5]: Colby and Dennett, chs. 1, 5, 8, 13, as cited on the Nelson Rockefeller and David Rockefeller pages.
+[^4]: Colby and Dennett, chs. 1, 5, 8, 13, as cited on the Nelson Rockefeller and David Rockefeller pages.
+[^5]: Colby and Dennett, ch. 13, as cited on the Chase Manhattan Bank page.
 [^6]: Council of National Defense order establishing the Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations Between the American Republics, August 16, 1940; Executive Order 8840, July 30, 1941.
 [^7]: Hughes, Rowland, memorandum to the President, March 3, 1955, *Foreign Relations of the United States, 1950-1955, The Intelligence Community,* doc. 210.
-[^8]: Colby and Dennett, Introduction (2017) and ch. 23, as cited on the Henry A. Kissinger page.
-[^9]: Executive Order 11828, January 4, 1975.
-[^10]: Marks, John. *The Search for the Manchurian Candidate: The CIA and Mind Control.* Times Books, 1979, ch. 8.
+[^8]: Foreign Relations of the United States, 1950-1955, Intelligence Community, doc. 210, Bureau of the Budget memorandum to President Eisenhower, with the annotation on the March 10, 1955 designation. https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1950-55Intel/d210
+[^9]: Colby and Dennett, Introduction (2017) and ch. 23, as cited on the Henry A. Kissinger page.
+[^10]: Executive Order 11828, January 4, 1975.
+[^11]: Marks, John. *The Search for the Manchurian Candidate: The CIA and Mind Control.* Times Books, 1979, ch. 8.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ronald Reagan.md

@@ -34,100 +34,123 @@ relations:
   - type: appointed
     with: "[[William J. Casey]]"
     role: "campaign manager in 1980, then Director of Central Intelligence"
-    fn: 3
+    fn: 6
   - type: appointed
     with: "[[Edwin Meese]]"
     role: "Counselor to the President, later Attorney General; supervised the White House task force chaired by Earl Brian"
-    fn: 11
+    fn: 14
   - type: appointed
     with: "[[William French Smith]]"
     role: "Attorney General who signed the February 11, 1982 memorandum of understanding with the CIA"
-    fn: 6
+    fn: 9
   - type: participant_in
     with: "[[Iran-Contra Affair]]"
     start: 1985
     end: 1986-11
     role: "approved the 1985 Israeli arms shipments to Iran, signed the December 5, 1985 retroactive finding and the January 17, 1986 finding, and directed that Congress not be notified"
-    fn: 8
+    fn: 11
   - type: investigated
     with: "[[Lawrence Walsh]]"
     reverse: true
     role: "Independent Counsel concluded his conduct fell well short of prosecutable criminality; sworn interrogatory answers and July 1992 deposition"
-    fn: 8
+    fn: 11
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Music Corporation of America]]"
+    role: "television and Las Vegas work after his film career declined, per Moldea"
+    fn: 2
   - type: subject_of
     with: "[[October Surprise]]"
     start: 1980-07
     end: 1981-01-20
     role: "named beneficiary of the alleged 1980 contacts between his campaign and Iranian representatives; the House Task Force found no credible evidence"
-    fn: 3
+    fn: 6
 ---
 Ronald Reagan, born in Tampico, Illinois on February 6, 1911 and died on June 5, 2004, served as the 40th President of the [[United States]] from January 20, 1981 to January 20, 1989.[^1] Before that he was Governor of [[California]]. The inquiries that touched his campaign, his National Security Council and his Justice Department are summarized below in the order in which they arose.
 
+### Music Corporation of America
+
+Reagan was president of the [[Screen Actors Guild]] for five consecutive one-year terms. Moldea wrote that in 1952, during his fifth term, Reagan engineered a "blanket waiver" exempting [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]] from Guild rules that barred a talent agency from also engaging in film production. Reagan's second wife, [[Nancy Reagan|Nancy Davis]], sat on the SAG board at the time. MCA was the only firm granted that status, which gave it the ground floor in television production.[^2]
+
+A Justice Department document quoted by Moldea stated that "Wasserman and Schreiber could sell SAG anything" because of their relationship with Reagan; the document named [[Lew Wasserman]] and [[Taft Schreiber]].[^2]
+
+In 1959 Reagan was re-elected SAG president to lead a strike against the studios, while producing episodes for General Electric Theater. Moldea wrote that MCA and a few smaller studios made an early separate peace with the Guild, and that the 1960 settlement with the major studios was reached with help from [[Sidney Korshak]], according to the president of the IATSE. Reagan resigned midterm soon after the strike.[^2]
+
+Moldea wrote that after his film career declined, MCA gave Reagan jobs in Las Vegas and on television, and that several government sources believed the preferential treatment was a payoff for services rendered while he led the Guild.[^2]
+
+On February 5, 1962 Reagan testified before the federal grand jury in Los Angeles, questioned by the Antitrust Division attorney John Fricano, in the Justice Department's antitrust probe of MCA, whose focus included Reagan's possible role in a suspected conspiracy between MCA and the actors' union. Asked about the 1952 blanket waiver, he answered that "I personally never saw any particular harm in it," and said he did not recall participating in the July 1952 negotiations or the June 1954 extension. Shown Grand Jury Exhibit 41, a June 7, 1954 letter from the Guild's counsel Laurence Beilenson to Lew Wasserman, he answered, "I don't recall it, no." He testified that MCA had represented him since about 1939 or 1940, that Taft Schreiber of Revue approached him about *General Electric Theater*, and that in spring 1959 Wasserman set terms giving him a 25 percent ownership interest in the films. Moldea wrote that Reagan "displayed a remarkable loss of memory while on the witness stand." On February 13, 1962 the Antitrust Division subpoenaed the IRS for the returns of Ronald and Nancy Reagan for 1952 through 1955. Moldea reprinted the transcript in full; a Washington Post article of March 15, 1987 stated the grand jury never charged Reagan.[^3]
+
+Moldea wrote that Reagan later acknowledged the government's action against MCA affected his political beliefs, and that MCA's [[Jules Stein]] and Schreiber were among the guiding forces in shaping his political philosophy. Moldea reported that, according to law-enforcement authorities, several of Reagan's campaign financiers were close friends and associates of Korshak.[^2]
+
+On December 13, 1966, a little over a month after his election as governor, Reagan sold 236 of 290 Malibu Canyon acres to Twentieth Century-Fox for $1,930,000 ($8,178 an acre), in an arrangement Moldea wrote was handled by Stein and Schreiber with legal work by [[William French Smith]]; Moldea wrote that Fox's appraisers had put the land at about $4,000 an acre.[^4]
+
 ### Sacramento, October 1970
 
-On a Sunday afternoon in October 1970 [[Pat Boone]], [[Shirley Boone]], [[Harold Bredesen|Harald Bredesen]] and [[George Otis]] visited Governor Reagan and Nancy Reagan at the leased Tudor house in Sacramento, driven from the airport by the governor's legal affairs secretary Herbert E. Ellingwood after a Christian rally. Otis led a prayer; in the account written by the CBN executive Bob Slosser from the participants' recollections, Otis's words changed to a first-person address to Reagan as "My son" and ended: "If you walk uprightly before Me, you will reside at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue." Slosser wrote that Reagan then looked at Otis and said "Well!", and that Otis later said his own hand had shaken during the prayer and that Ellingwood told him Reagan's other hand had shaken similarly; Ellingwood recalled feeling a "bolt of electricity." Otis told Slosser the prophecy was "conditional" and "hinged on Reagan's actions." During the same visit Reagan discussed the fulfilled prophecies concerning the founding of [[Israel]] with Bredesen, who pressed the case for a coming outpouring of the Holy Spirit.[^2]
+On a Sunday afternoon in October 1970 [[Pat Boone]], [[Shirley Boone]], [[Harold Bredesen|Harald Bredesen]] and [[George Otis]] visited Governor Reagan and Nancy Reagan at the leased Tudor house in Sacramento, driven from the airport by the governor's legal affairs secretary Herbert E. Ellingwood after a Christian rally. Otis led a prayer; in the account written by the CBN executive Bob Slosser from the participants' recollections, Otis's words changed to a first-person address to Reagan as "My son" and ended: "If you walk uprightly before Me, you will reside at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue." Slosser wrote that Reagan then looked at Otis and said "Well!", and that Otis later said his own hand had shaken during the prayer and that Ellingwood told him Reagan's other hand had shaken similarly; Ellingwood recalled feeling a "bolt of electricity." Otis told Slosser the prophecy was "conditional" and "hinged on Reagan's actions." During the same visit Reagan discussed the fulfilled prophecies concerning the founding of [[Israel]] with Bredesen, who pressed the case for a coming outpouring of the Holy Spirit.[^5]
 
 ### The 1980 campaign and the October Surprise allegations
 
 [[William J. Casey]] managed Reagan's 1980 campaign. [[Gary Sick]], [[Barbara Honegger]], the Hashemi brothers, [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] and others alleged that Casey and other campaign figures met Iranian representatives in Madrid and Paris in 1980 to delay the release of the American hostages until after the election, in return for arms and the release of frozen assets; the hostages were released on January 20, 1981, the day of Reagan's inauguration. Those claims are set out on the [[October Surprise]] page.
 
-The House Task Force to Investigate Certain Allegations Concerning the Holding of American Hostages by Iran in 1980, chaired by [[Lee Hamilton]] with [[E. Lawrence Barcella, Jr.]] as chief counsel, reported on January 3, 1993. It stated that it had interviewed or deposed more than 230 people in the United States and ten other countries, reviewed tens of thousands of documents from the State Department, Defense Department, CIA, National Security Council and other agencies, and had the FBI's electronic surveillance of Cyrus Hashemi (more than 21,000 recorded conversations on 548 tapes, September 1980 to February 1981). Its findings included that there was "no credible evidence supporting any attempt or proposal to attempt, by the Reagan Presidential Campaign" to delay the hostages' release, and no credible evidence of a link between arms transfers to Iran and the hostages' release. The same report records that the campaign established formal and informal working groups on the hostage issue, spoke to executive branch counterparts to learn what they could, and kept "visual monitoring of certain military locations" for signs of a rescue mission, hostage staging or arms shipments; it found no credible evidence these activities were illegal, while the majority wrote that "legitimate questions can be raised" about the campaign's failure to notify the government of certain "over the transom" information and about passing information to selected media outlets.[^3]
+The House Task Force to Investigate Certain Allegations Concerning the Holding of American Hostages by Iran in 1980, chaired by [[Lee Hamilton]] with [[E. Lawrence Barcella, Jr.]] as chief counsel, reported on January 3, 1993. It stated that it had interviewed or deposed more than 230 people in the United States and ten other countries, reviewed tens of thousands of documents from the State Department, Defense Department, CIA, National Security Council and other agencies, and had the FBI's electronic surveillance of Cyrus Hashemi (more than 21,000 recorded conversations on 548 tapes, September 1980 to February 1981). Its findings included that there was "no credible evidence supporting any attempt or proposal to attempt, by the Reagan Presidential Campaign" to delay the hostages' release, and no credible evidence of a link between arms transfers to Iran and the hostages' release. The same report records that the campaign established formal and informal working groups on the hostage issue, spoke to executive branch counterparts to learn what they could, and kept "visual monitoring of certain military locations" for signs of a rescue mission, hostage staging or arms shipments; it found no credible evidence these activities were illegal, while the majority wrote that "legitimate questions can be raised" about the campaign's failure to notify the government of certain "over the transom" information and about passing information to selected media outlets.[^6]
 
 ### Osirak, June 1981
 
-The journalist [[Seymour Hersh]] wrote that when national security adviser [[Richard V. Allen]] informed Reagan of the Israeli bombing of the Iraqi reactor at Osirak in June 1981, Reagan privately remarked, "Well. Boys will be boys," and that, despite State Department condemnation and proposals from [[Caspar Weinberger]] and others to cancel F-16 sales to [[Israel]], Reagan had no intention of doing so; the suspension of F-16 deliveries was lifted two months later.[^4] See [[Osirak bombing]].
+The journalist [[Seymour Hersh]] wrote that when national security adviser [[Richard V. Allen]] informed Reagan of the Israeli bombing of the Iraqi reactor at Osirak in June 1981, Reagan privately remarked, "Well. Boys will be boys," and that, despite State Department condemnation and proposals from [[Caspar Weinberger]] and others to cancel F-16 sales to Israel, Reagan had no intention of doing so; the suspension of F-16 deliveries was lifted two months later.[^7] See [[Osirak bombing]].
 
 ### Executive Order 12333 and the 1982 reporting agreement
 
-Reagan signed Executive Order 12333 on December 4, 1981. Section 1.7 covers collection of information on "international narcotics activities" and directs senior intelligence community officials to participate in developing procedures approved by the Attorney General governing criminal narcotics intelligence activities abroad.[^5]
+Reagan signed Executive Order 12333 on December 4, 1981. Section 1.7 covers collection of information on "international narcotics activities" and directs senior intelligence community officials to participate in developing procedures approved by the Attorney General governing criminal narcotics intelligence activities abroad.[^8]
 
-In 1982, under 28 U.S.C. 535 and the executive order, the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and the [[Department of Justice]] entered into a memorandum of understanding titled "Reporting and Use of Information Concerning Federal Crimes," signed on February 11, 1982. The Justice Department's Inspector General wrote that it defined "employee" as staff or contract employees, which left open whether the CIA had to pass on information about "assets" or paid informants, and that its list of crimes reportable even when a non-employee was involved omitted narcotics trafficking. Attorney General [[William French Smith]] wrote to Casey the same day that "no formal requirement regarding the reporting of narcotics violations has been included in these procedures"; Casey replied on March 2, 1982 thanking Smith for the letter without comment on its reporting point. A 1995 memorandum added reporting of drug-law violations by non-employees.[^6]
+In 1982, under 28 U.S.C. 535 and the executive order, the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and the [[Department of Justice]] entered into a memorandum of understanding titled "Reporting and Use of Information Concerning Federal Crimes," signed on February 11, 1982. The Justice Department's Inspector General wrote that it defined "employee" as staff or contract employees, which left open whether the CIA had to pass on information about "assets" or paid informants, and that its list of crimes reportable even when a non-employee was involved omitted narcotics trafficking. Attorney General William French Smith wrote to Casey the same day that "no formal requirement regarding the reporting of narcotics violations has been included in these procedures"; Casey replied on March 2, 1982 thanking Smith for the letter without comment on its reporting point. A 1995 memorandum added reporting of drug-law violations by non-employees.[^9]
 
-The writer [[Gary Webb]] wrote that the executive order gave the CIA veto power over Justice Department crime-reporting proposals, that Reagan signed it the same week he authorized CIA operations in [[Nicaragua]], and that the secret 1982 agreement between Casey and Smith exempted CIA assets from drug-crime reporting; he also wrote that anti-crack legislation passed during Reagan's presidency filled prisons with young black dealers while the cocaine importers who supplied them walked free.[^7]
+The writer [[Gary Webb]] wrote that the executive order gave the CIA veto power over Justice Department crime-reporting proposals, that Reagan signed it the same week he authorized CIA operations in [[Nicaragua]], and that the secret 1982 agreement between Casey and Smith exempted CIA assets from drug-crime reporting; he also wrote that anti-crack legislation passed during Reagan's presidency filled prisons with young black dealers while the cocaine importers who supplied them walked free.[^10]
 
 ### The Contras, 1984 to 1986
 
-The Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters, [[Lawrence Walsh]], wrote that Reagan "created the conditions which made possible the crimes committed by others by his secret deviations from announced national policy as to Iran and hostages and by his open determination to keep the contras together 'body and soul' despite a statutory ban on contra aid," and that it could not be proved beyond a reasonable doubt that Reagan knew of the criminal underlying facts or made criminal misrepresentations about them.[^8]
+The Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters, [[Lawrence Walsh]], wrote that Reagan "created the conditions which made possible the crimes committed by others by his secret deviations from announced national policy as to Iran and hostages and by his open determination to keep the contras together 'body and soul' despite a statutory ban on contra aid," and that it could not be proved beyond a reasonable doubt that Reagan knew of the criminal underlying facts or made criminal misrepresentations about them.[^11]
 
-At a National Security Planning Group meeting on June 25, 1984, [[William J. Casey]] reported that the CIA had $250,000 left from its fiscal 1984 Contra appropriation; Vice President [[George H.W. Bush]] said the problem would arise only if the United States promised third parties something in return for help to the Contras; and [[Robert McFarlane]] proposed that "none of this discussion will be made public." The minutes record Reagan: "If such a story gets out, we'll all be hanging by our thumbs in front of the White House until we find out who did it." In May or June 1984 McFarlane told Reagan that the Saudi ambassador, Prince [[Bandar bin Sultan]], would deliver $1 million a month to a Contra bank account, and according to McFarlane Reagan answered "Good news" or "That's fine"; in February 1985 King [[Fahd]] told Reagan in Washington that the Saudis would double it to $2 million a month, and McFarlane testified that Reagan directed the information not be shared. The Final Report puts Saudi grants at $32 million and Taiwanese grants at $2 million, with about $1.7 million of private contributions routed through the National Endowment for the Preservation of Liberty to accounts controlled by [[Oliver North]].[^8]
+At a National Security Planning Group meeting on June 25, 1984, William J. Casey reported that the CIA had $250,000 left from its fiscal 1984 Contra appropriation; Vice President [[George H.W. Bush]] said the problem would arise only if the United States promised third parties something in return for help to the Contras; and [[Robert McFarlane]] proposed that "none of this discussion will be made public." The minutes record Reagan: "If such a story gets out, we'll all be hanging by our thumbs in front of the White House until we find out who did it." In May or June 1984 McFarlane told Reagan that the Saudi ambassador, Prince [[Bandar bin Sultan]], would deliver $1 million a month to a Contra bank account, and according to McFarlane Reagan answered "Good news" or "That's fine"; in February 1985 King [[Fahd]] told Reagan in Washington that the Saudis would double it to $2 million a month, and McFarlane testified that Reagan directed the information not be shared. The Final Report puts Saudi grants at $32 million and Taiwanese grants at $2 million, with about $1.7 million of private contributions routed through the National Endowment for the Preservation of Liberty to accounts controlled by [[Oliver North]].[^11]
 
-Reagan was a frequent fundraising speaker for Contra causes beginning in April 1985, and met and corresponded with donors to the National Endowment for the Preservation of Liberty, which his sworn answer compared to its public-information work on the Strategic Defense Initiative. On April 25, 1985 he telephoned Honduran President Roberto Suazo Córdova to ask him to release a Contra weapons shipment seized by the Honduran army; a May 1985 briefing memo for the Suazo meeting advised reminding him that "in return for our help" the United States expected cooperation on the Contras, and in his deposition Reagan agreed that was the expectation. At the May 16, 1986 meeting [[Alan Fiers]] recalled Reagan saying, "Can't some of Ollie's people help out?", after which Chief of Staff [[Donald Regan]] changed the subject; the official minutes record a question about private groups that pay for advertisements. Walsh also wrote that North was regularly briefed through McFarlane and [[John Poindexter]], that the President's diary is "replete with references to the contra-aid struggle with Congress," and that the OIC was permitted to read only excerpts deemed relevant by White House counsel and to take notes but not copies.[^8]
+Reagan was a frequent fundraising speaker for Contra causes beginning in April 1985, and met and corresponded with donors to the National Endowment for the Preservation of Liberty, which his sworn answer compared to its public-information work on the Strategic Defense Initiative. On April 25, 1985 he telephoned Honduran President Roberto Suazo Córdova to ask him to release a Contra weapons shipment seized by the Honduran army; a May 1985 briefing memo for the Suazo meeting advised reminding him that "in return for our help" the United States expected cooperation on the Contras, and in his deposition Reagan agreed that was the expectation. At the May 16, 1986 meeting [[Alan Fiers]] recalled Reagan saying, "Can't some of Ollie's people help out?", after which Chief of Staff [[Donald Regan]] changed the subject; the official minutes record a question about private groups that pay for advertisements. Walsh also wrote that North was regularly briefed through McFarlane and [[John Poindexter]], that the President's diary is "replete with references to the contra-aid struggle with Congress," and that the OIC was permitted to read only excerpts deemed relevant by White House counsel and to take notes but not copies.[^11]
 
-North entered into evidence at his trial seven "Heads of State" documents showing, in the Independent Counsel's words, greater presidential knowledge of contra-assistance efforts than previously public; one, of October 30, 1985, indicated that McFarlane sought Reagan's approval of reconnaissance overflights of Nicaragua and that the President was informed of the illegal air-drop of recoilless rifles.[^9]
+North entered into evidence at his trial seven "Heads of State" documents showing, in the Independent Counsel's words, greater presidential knowledge of contra-assistance efforts than previously public; one, of October 30, 1985, indicated that McFarlane sought Reagan's approval of reconnaissance overflights of Nicaragua and that the President was informed of the illegal air-drop of recoilless rifles.[^12]
 
 ### The Iran arms sales
 
-According to Walsh, Reagan was informed of and approved in advance an Israeli shipment of 504 TOW missiles to Iran in August and September 1985 and a November 1985 shipment of HAWK missiles, directing that Congress not be notified; he knew the sales conflicted with his announced policies, and Weinberger and Secretary of State [[George P. Shultz]] opposed them. On December 5, 1985, ten days after the HAWK shipment, Reagan signed a finding retroactively authorizing CIA assistance; he has said he does not recall signing it, and Poindexter testified he destroyed it on or about November 21, 1986. The January 17, 1986 finding listed three purposes: a more moderate Iranian government, intelligence, and the release of the hostages held in Beirut. In 1986 the United States itself sent 1,000 TOW missiles in February and spare parts for HAWKs in May and August through the CIA and the Enterprise; the Enterprise collected about $16 million more from Iran than it paid the CIA, and about $4 million of it went to Contra support controlled by North.[^8]
+According to Walsh, Reagan was informed of and approved in advance an Israeli shipment of 504 TOW missiles to Iran in August and September 1985 and a November 1985 shipment of HAWK missiles, directing that Congress not be notified; he knew the sales conflicted with his announced policies, and Weinberger and Secretary of State [[George P. Shultz]] opposed them. On December 5, 1985, ten days after the HAWK shipment, Reagan signed a finding retroactively authorizing CIA assistance; he has said he does not recall signing it, and Poindexter testified he destroyed it on or about November 21, 1986. The January 17, 1986 finding listed three purposes: a more moderate Iranian government, intelligence, and the release of the hostages held in Beirut. In 1986 the United States itself sent 1,000 TOW missiles in February and spare parts for HAWKs in May and August through the CIA and the Enterprise; the Enterprise collected about $16 million more from Iran than it paid the CIA, and about $4 million of it went to Contra support controlled by North.[^11]
 
-In November 1986, after the disclosure, Poindexter and Casey advised "no comment" while Regan and the White House staff argued for fuller disclosure; the November 10 and 12 briefings, according to Walsh, left out the 1985 sales. Meese told a November 24 meeting that the President "did not know" of the November 1985 HAWK shipment, although Shultz had told him two days earlier that Reagan recalled contemporaneous knowledge. On November 25 Reagan announced Poindexter's resignation and North's dismissal and left the podium to Meese, then telephoned North for two minutes and, in his sworn answer, said he "may have referred to LtCol North as a national hero." Meese and Regan testified Reagan was "shocked" on learning of the diversion on November 24; Poindexter testified he never told him. Walsh wrote that it was "doubtful that President Reagan would tolerate the successive Iranian affronts during 1986 unless he knew that the arms sales continued to supply funds to the contras," but that "only Poindexter could supply direct evidence" and North's destruction of records "eliminated any possible documentary proof."[^8]
+In November 1986, after the disclosure, Poindexter and Casey advised "no comment" while Regan and the White House staff argued for fuller disclosure; the November 10 and 12 briefings, according to Walsh, left out the 1985 sales. Meese told a November 24 meeting that the President "did not know" of the November 1985 HAWK shipment, although Shultz had told him two days earlier that Reagan recalled contemporaneous knowledge. On November 25 Reagan announced Poindexter's resignation and North's dismissal and left the podium to Meese, then telephoned North for two minutes and, in his sworn answer, said he "may have referred to LtCol North as a national hero." Meese and Regan testified Reagan was "shocked" on learning of the diversion on November 24; Poindexter testified he never told him. Walsh wrote that it was "doubtful that President Reagan would tolerate the successive Iranian affronts during 1986 unless he knew that the arms sales continued to supply funds to the contras," but that "only Poindexter could supply direct evidence" and North's destruction of records "eliminated any possible documentary proof."[^11]
 
-Walsh found no prosecutable evidence that Reagan authorized or knew of the illegal features of North's operation. He recorded that North testified on July 7, 1987 that he believed the President had authorized the diversion and that Poindexter believed Reagan would have approved it had he been asked.[^8] On December 24, 1992 President Bush pardoned Weinberger, McFarlane, [[Elliott Abrams]], [[Duane Clarridge]], [[Clair George]] and Fiers.[^10]
+Walsh found no prosecutable evidence that Reagan authorized or knew of the illegal features of North's operation. He recorded that North testified on July 7, 1987 that he believed the President had authorized the diversion and that Poindexter believed Reagan would have approved it had he been asked.[^11] On December 24, 1992 President Bush pardoned Weinberger, McFarlane, [[Elliott Abrams]], [[Duane Clarridge]], [[Clair George]] and Fiers.[^13]
 
 ### INSLAW and the Reagan Justice Department
 
-The House Judiciary Committee's 1992 report on [[INSLAW]] records that [[Earl Brian]], whom the Hamiltons alleged received the stolen PROMIS software, was Secretary of the Health and Welfare Agency in Governor Reagan's administration, chaired the White House Health Care Cost Reduction Task Force during the first two years of the Reagan presidency, reporting to Meese, and was nominated by Reagan to the National Science Board; the nomination was approved by Reagan and later withdrawn, and the committee wrote that an FBI background report and the independent counsel report by Jacob Stein contradicted Brian's account of why. The Stein inquiry of April 1984 examined a $15,000 loan by Edwin W. Thomas to Mrs. Meese to buy stock in Biotech Capital Corporation, which Brian controlled, and Meese's offer of a White House counselor post to Thomas before the loan. Meese and Brian swore that their contacts after the governorship were sporadic and social.[^11]
+The House Judiciary Committee's 1992 report on [[INSLAW]] records that [[Earl Brian]], whom the Hamiltons alleged received the stolen PROMIS software, was Secretary of the Health and Welfare Agency in Governor Reagan's administration, chaired the White House Health Care Cost Reduction Task Force during the first two years of the Reagan presidency, reporting to Meese, and was nominated by Reagan to the National Science Board; the nomination was approved by Reagan and later withdrawn, and the committee wrote that an FBI background report and the independent counsel report by Jacob Stein contradicted Brian's account of why. The Stein inquiry of April 1984 examined a $15,000 loan by Edwin W. Thomas to Mrs. Meese to buy stock in Biotech Capital Corporation, which Brian controlled, and Meese's offer of a White House counselor post to Thomas before the loan. Meese and Brian swore that their contacts after the governorship were sporadic and social.[^14]
 
-[[Bill Hamilton]] and [[Nancy Hamilton]] alleged that Meese and Deputy Attorney General [[Lowell Jensen]] manufactured a contract dispute to drive INSLAW into bankruptcy and give Enhanced PROMIS to Brian's Hadron, Inc.; [[Elliot Richardson]], counsel to INSLAW, alleged a possible criminal conspiracy including Meese, Jensen and Brian. On September 28, 1987 Bankruptcy Judge [[George Francis Bason, Jr.]] ruled orally that the Department "took, converted, and stole" Enhanced PROMIS "by trickery, fraud, and deceit," and on February 2, 1988 awarded INSLAW $6.8 million in damages and $1.2 million in fees; on November 22, 1989 District Judge William Bryant upheld the liability and damages findings. The committee wrote that its investigation "largely supports the findings of two Federal courts" that the Department took the software and that officials at the highest levels were involved, while stating it could not reach a definitive conclusion on motive. The Justice Department's position was that the matter was a contract dispute.[^11]
+[[Bill Hamilton]] and [[Nancy Hamilton]] alleged that Meese and Deputy Attorney General [[Lowell Jensen]] manufactured a contract dispute to drive INSLAW into bankruptcy and give Enhanced PROMIS to Brian's Hadron, Inc.; [[Elliot Richardson]], counsel to INSLAW, alleged a possible criminal conspiracy including Meese, Jensen and Brian. On September 28, 1987 Bankruptcy Judge [[George Francis Bason, Jr.]] ruled orally that the Department "took, converted, and stole" Enhanced PROMIS "by trickery, fraud, and deceit," and on February 2, 1988 awarded INSLAW $6.8 million in damages and $1.2 million in fees; on November 22, 1989 District Judge William Bryant upheld the liability and damages findings. The committee wrote that its investigation "largely supports the findings of two Federal courts" that the Department took the software and that officials at the highest levels were involved, while stating it could not reach a definitive conclusion on motive. The Justice Department's position was that the matter was a contract dispute.[^14]
 
 ### The 1987 United Nations address
 
-On September 21, 1987, Reagan told the United Nations General Assembly: "I occasionally think how quickly our differences worldwide would vanish if we were facing an alien threat from outside this world. And yet, I ask you, is not an alien force already among us? What could be more alien to the universal aspirations of our peoples than war and the threat of war?"[^12]
+On September 21, 1987, Reagan told the United Nations General Assembly: "I occasionally think how quickly our differences worldwide would vanish if we were facing an alien threat from outside this world. And yet, I ask you, is not an alien force already among us? What could be more alien to the universal aspirations of our peoples than war and the threat of war?"[^15]
 
 ### Astrology
 
-The May 1988 disclosures that the Reagans consulted the San Francisco astrologer [[Joan Quigley]] are recorded on the pages for Quigley, [[Donald Regan|Donald T. Regan]] and [[Marlin Fitzwater]].
+The May 1988 disclosures that the Reagans consulted the San Francisco astrologer [[Joan Quigley]] are recorded on the pages for Quigley, Donald T. Regan and [[Marlin Fitzwater]].
 
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Miller Center, University of Virginia, "Ronald Reagan: Life Before the Presidency" and facts page (birth February 6, 1911, Tampico, Illinois; inaugurated January 20, 1981; term ended January 20, 1989; died June 5, 2004). https://millercenter.org/president/reagan
-[^2]: Slosser, Bob. "A Prophecy," from *Reagan Inside Out* (Word Books, 1984), reproduced by the Christian Broadcasting Network. https://cbn.com/article/relationships/prophecy
-[^3]: U.S. House of Representatives, *Joint Report of the Task Force to Investigate Certain Allegations Concerning the Holding of American Hostages by Iran in 1980* ("October Surprise Task Force"), H. Rept. 102-1102, January 3, 1993, Executive Summary, sections A.1 to A.4. https://archive.org/details/14148-h.rp.-1102
-[^4]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy.* Random House, 1991.
-[^5]: Executive Order 12333, "United States Intelligence Activities," December 4, 1981, section 1.7, 46 Fed. Reg. 59941. https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12333.html
-[^6]: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General, *The CIA-Contra-Crack Cocaine Controversy: A Review of the Justice Department's Investigations and Prosecutions*, December 1997, ch. XI, "DEA's Response to Information About Contra Drug Trafficking," discussion of the 1982 memorandum of understanding and Smith's letter of February 11, 1982. https://oig.justice.gov/special/9712/ch11p1.htm
-[^7]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998, chapter 9 ("He would have had me by the tail"), the epilogue and chapter 27.
-[^8]: Walsh, Lawrence E. *Final Report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters*, Volume I, August 4, 1993, ch. 27, "President Reagan," including notes 6, 7, 10, 15, 45 and 50 to 53, 64 and 103 to 119. https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/chap_27.htm
-[^9]: Walsh, *Final Report*, vol. I, ch. 2, "United States v. Oliver L. North," section on the "Heads of State" documents and note 55. https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/chap_02.htm
-[^10]: Walsh, *Final Report*, vol. I, Executive Summary. https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/execsum.htm
-[^11]: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary, *The INSLAW Affair: Investigative Report*, H. Rept. 102-857, September 10, 1992, sections on INSLAW allegations, Dr. Brian and Mr. Meese, the Bankruptcy Court ruling and Judge Bryant's decision. https://archive.org/details/InslawAffairInvestigativeReport
-[^12]: Reagan, Ronald. "Address to the 42d Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, New York," September 21, 1987, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/address-42d-session-united-nations-general-assembly-new-york-new-york
+[^2]: Moldea, Dan E. *Dark Victory: Ronald Reagan, MCA, and the Mob*. New York: Viking, 1986. https://archive.org/details/dark-victory-ronald-reagan-mca-and-the-mob
+[^3]: Moldea, *Dark Victory*, ch. 23 (transcript, pp. 167-201); Moldea, "Ronald Reagan's 1962 grand jury testimony," including the *Washington Post* article of March 15, 1987. https://www.moldea.com/ReaganGJ.html
+[^4]: Moldea, *Dark Victory*, chs. 24 and 28. https://archive.org/details/dark-victory-ronald-reagan-mca-and-the-mob
+[^5]: Slosser, Bob. "A Prophecy," from *Reagan Inside Out* (Word Books, 1984), reproduced by the Christian Broadcasting Network. https://cbn.com/article/relationships/prophecy
+[^6]: U.S. House of Representatives, *Joint Report of the Task Force to Investigate Certain Allegations Concerning the Holding of American Hostages by Iran in 1980* ("October Surprise Task Force"), H. Rept. 102-1102, January 3, 1993, Executive Summary, sections A.1 to A.4. https://archive.org/details/14148-h.rp.-1102
+[^7]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy.* Random House, 1991.
+[^8]: Executive Order 12333, "United States Intelligence Activities," December 4, 1981, section 1.7, 46 Fed. Reg. 59941. https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12333.html
+[^9]: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General, *The CIA-Contra-Crack Cocaine Controversy: A Review of the Justice Department's Investigations and Prosecutions*, December 1997, ch. XI, "DEA's Response to Information About Contra Drug Trafficking," discussion of the 1982 memorandum of understanding and Smith's letter of February 11, 1982. https://oig.justice.gov/special/9712/ch11p1.htm
+[^10]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998, chapter 9 ("He would have had me by the tail"), the epilogue and chapter 27.
+[^11]: Walsh, Lawrence E. *Final Report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters*, Volume I, August 4, 1993, ch. 27, "President Reagan," including notes 6, 7, 10, 15, 45 and 50 to 53, 64 and 103 to 119. https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/chap_27.htm
+[^12]: Walsh, *Final Report*, vol. I, ch. 2, "United States v. Oliver L. North," section on the "Heads of State" documents and note 55. https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/chap_02.htm
+[^13]: Walsh, *Final Report*, vol. I, Executive Summary. https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/execsum.htm
+[^14]: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary, *The INSLAW Affair: Investigative Report*, H. Rept. 102-857, September 10, 1992, sections on INSLAW allegations, Dr. Brian and Mr. Meese, the Bankruptcy Court ruling and Judge Bryant's decision. https://archive.org/details/InslawAffairInvestigativeReport
+[^15]: Reagan, Ronald. "Address to the 42d Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, New York," September 21, 1987, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/speech/address-42d-session-united-nations-general-assembly-new-york-new-york

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/William Sullivan.md

@@ -48,9 +48,13 @@ After leaving the FBI, Sullivan began cooperating with congressional and journal
 
 On November 9, 1977, Sullivan was shot near his home in Sugar Hill, New Hampshire. The shooting was ruled a hunting accident: a companion identified Sullivan as a deer in low light and fired, killing him. Sullivan was 65 years old.
 
-Sullivan's death occurred during a period of active congressional investigation of intelligence abuses. He had been cooperating with the [[House Select Committee on Assassinations]] (HSCA), which was then investigating the Kennedy assassination and the question of whether the FBI had withheld relevant information from the [[Warren Commission]]. He was scheduled to provide additional testimony to investigators in the period immediately following his death.
+Sullivan's death occurred during a period of active congressional investigation of intelligence abuses. Accounts of his death describe him as cooperating with the [[House Select Committee on Assassinations]] (HSCA), which was then investigating the Kennedy assassination and the question of whether the FBI had withheld relevant information from the [[Warren Commission]], and as scheduled to testify before it when he was shot.[^5] The [[HSCA]] stated in a note to its King report that it was unable to take testimony from Sullivan, who was killed in a hunting accident in 1977.[^6] The note adds that Sullivan had testified before the Senate select committee that the project of the anonymous package sent to King, whose final paragraph implied that suicide would be a suitable course of action for him and of which an apparently authentic copy was found in Sullivan's files, had Hoover's prior knowledge and was authorized by the Director, and that Sullivan said he personally opposed the idea; the committee noted that at the time of that testimony Sullivan had broken with the Director, and that his testimony must be viewed accordingly.[^6] The committee stated that if the package was delivered to Assistant to the Director Belmont before mailing, it considered it highly likely that Hoover had before-the-fact knowledge of the action.[^6]
 
-The timing of Sullivan's death - the day before planned congressional testimony, during the most active phase of congressional intelligence investigations - has been noted by researchers as part of a broader pattern. The [[HSCA]] chief counsel Robert Blakey noted Sullivan as one of several witnesses whose deaths reduced the committee's access to relevant FBI institutional knowledge. The hunting accident ruling was not challenged through any formal legal proceeding.[^1]
+Almost immediately after Sullivan's death the HSCA issued a subpoena for any assassination-related documents among roughly 100 boxes of his papers at his home in Sugar Hill; the family's counsel resisted, and a subpoena was served on counsel on March 9, 1978. The committee's interest followed from a 1975 interview of Sullivan by the staff of the House Government Information and Individual Rights Subcommittee, a 139-page transcript of which was in the HSCA collection.[^7]
+
+The HSCA examined the March 20, 1968, FBI headquarters memorandum from G. C. Moore, chief of the Racial Intelligence Section, to Sullivan, assistant director in charge of the Domestic Intelligence Division, which recommended releasing a news item stating that King had gone to a white-owned Holiday Inn rather than the Lorraine Motel in Memphis. The memorandum was initialed by Hoover, Sullivan and Moore and bore the notation "handled 4/3/68," whose meaning the committee was unable to determine. The committee was satisfied from [[Ralph Abernathy]]'s testimony that the memorandum did not cause King to stay at the Lorraine, and stated that the FBI's intent in drafting it "remained an open issue."[^8] It found no evidence that COINTELPRO initiatives of the Memphis field office were tied to the assassination.[^9]
+
+The timing of Sullivan's death - the day before planned congressional testimony, during the most active phase of congressional intelligence investigations - has been noted by researchers as part of a broader pattern; *New Hampshire Magazine* described him as one of several witnesses who died shortly before the hearings began.[^5] The hunting accident ruling was not challenged through any formal legal proceeding.[^1]
 
 ### Footnotes
 
@@ -58,3 +62,8 @@ The timing of Sullivan's death - the day before planned congressional testimony,
 [^2]: Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, *Final Report*, Book III, S. Rept. 94-755, April 26, 1976, King case study, pp. 158 to 161 (Sullivan, November 1, 1975, pp. 104 to 106 and 112; Young, February 19, 1976).
 [^3]: William C. Sullivan, *The Bureau: My Thirty Years in Hoover's FBI* (Norton, 1979).
 [^4]: Garrow, David. *The FBI and Martin Luther King, Jr.* Norton, 1981. O'Reilly, Kenneth. *"Racial Matters": The FBI's Secret File on Black America, 1960-1972.* Free Press, 1989.
+[^5]: "Examining NH's Own JFK Assassination Mystery," *New Hampshire Magazine,* November 16, 2017 ("He was scheduled to testify before a Congressional committee re-examining the assassination of President Kennedy"). https://www.nhmagazine.com/examining-nhs-own-jfk-assassination-mystery/
+[^6]: House Select Committee on Assassinations, *Report,* H. Rept. 95-1828, 95th Cong., 2d sess. (1979), p. 436 and note. https://archive.org/details/reportofselectco1979unit
+[^7]: Assassination Records Review Board, memorandum of Joe Freeman to Anne Buttimer, "William Sullivan Papers," August 21, 1995. https://documents3.theblackvault.com/documents/jfkfiles/NARA-Oct2017/ARRB/JFREEMAN/WP-DOCS/082195.WPD.pdf
+[^8]: House Select Committee on Assassinations, *Report,* H. Rept. 95-1828, pp. 410-411 (the March 20, 1968 memorandum). https://archive.org/details/reportofselectco1979unit
+[^9]: House Select Committee on Assassinations, *Report,* H. Rept. 95-1828, p. 409 (Memphis field office). https://archive.org/details/reportofselectco1979unit