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20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PARAMILITARY/Palestine Liberation Organization.md
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@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ The Black September Organization, a clandestine PLO-affiliated group created aft
The PLO rebuilt its infrastructure in Lebanon, using the Palestinian refugee camps of southern Lebanon and Beirut as a base for guerrilla operations, diplomatic activity, and financial management. PLO institutions in Beirut included banks, hospitals, schools, and military headquarters. The PLO developed significant relationships with Lebanese leftist and Muslim political factions, contributing to the destabilization of Lebanon's fragile confessional political system and the onset of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975.[^1]
Israeli military operations against PLO positions in southern Lebanon escalated through the 1970s. The June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon (Operation Peace for Galilee), directed by Defense Minister [[Ariel Sharon]], drove PLO forces out of their Lebanese positions and laid siege to Beirut. After negotiations mediated by American diplomat Philip Habib, the PLO agreed to evacuate Beirut in August 1982; Arafat and approximately 15,000 PLO fighters and personnel were transported by sea to Tunis and other countries.[^2]
Israeli military operations against PLO positions in southern Lebanon escalated through the 1970s. The June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon (Operation Peace for Galilee), directed by Defense Minister [[Ariel Sharon]], drove PLO forces out of their Lebanese positions and laid siege to Beirut. After negotiations mediated by American diplomat [[Philip Habib]], the PLO agreed to evacuate Beirut in August 1982; Arafat and approximately 15,000 PLO fighters and personnel were transported by sea to Tunis and other countries.[^2]
The Sabra and Shatila massacres (September 16-18, 1982) were carried out by Lebanese Christian Phalangist militias in Palestinian refugee camps in Israeli-controlled Beirut after the PLO's evacuation, killing between 800 and 3,500 civilians. Israeli forces commanded by Sharon surrounded the camps and allowed the Phalangists access; the Israeli Kahan Commission found Sharon personally responsible, resulting in his resignation as Defense Minister.[^2]