vault backup: 2026-09-21 19:17:08

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies (BAASS) was a subsidiary of [[Robert Bi
 
 ### Background: Robert Bigelow
 
-Robert T. Bigelow was born in 1944 in Las Vegas, Nevada. He built a significant fortune through Budget Suites of America, a chain of extended-stay apartment hotels, and through Bigelow Aerospace, a commercial space company focused on the development of expandable habitat modules for space stations. Bigelow had maintained a longstanding personal interest in UAP and anomalous phenomena, influenced by his family's reported UAP encounter and by his relationship with Nevada Senator Harry Reid, who shared his interest in the subject.[^1]
+Robert T. Bigelow was born in 1944 in [[Las Vegas]], Nevada. He built a significant fortune through Budget Suites of America, a chain of extended-stay apartment hotels, and through Bigelow Aerospace, a commercial space company focused on the development of expandable habitat modules for space stations. Bigelow had maintained a longstanding personal interest in UAP and anomalous phenomena, influenced by his family's reported UAP encounter and by his relationship with Nevada Senator Harry Reid, who shared his interest in the subject.[^1]
 
 In 1996, Bigelow purchased the Sherman family's ranch in northeastern Utah - known as the Skinwalker Ranch - for $200,000. The property had been the site of reported anomalous events including cattle mutilations, apparitions, unusual craft sightings, and other phenomena reported by the Sherman family and documented in local press. Bigelow established the National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDS) in 1995 to conduct systematic investigation of anomalous phenomena, and NIDS researchers conducted observation at Skinwalker Ranch from 1996 through the early 2000s.[^1]
 

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Burns & Roe, Inc..md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ tags:
 category: "Private Organization"
 summary: "Burns & Roe, Inc. was an international engineering and construction firm owned by the Roe family whose Pacific director George K. Pender appears in connections to nuclear facility construction and intelligence-adjacent contracting."
 ---
-Burns & Roe, Inc. was an international engineering and construction corporation. It was a family corporation owned by [[Kenneth A. Roe]] and his family. [[George K. Pender]] was a former Director of the Pacific Ocean area for Burns & Roe, Inc., and also served as a Senior Engineer Consultant to the company.[^1]
+Burns & Roe, Inc. was an international engineering and construction corporation. It was a family corporation owned by [[Kenneth A. Roe]] and his family. [[George K. Pender]] was a former Director of the [[Pacific Ocean]] area for Burns & Roe, Inc., and also served as a Senior Engineer Consultant to the company.[^1]
 
 Under [[Kenneth A. Roe]]'s leadership, Burns & Roe, Inc. was involved in major projects, including the engineering design and construction of the [[United States|U.S.A.]] Fast Breeder Nuclear Reactor Plant in conjunction with [[Westinghouse Electric Corporation]], which was responsible for the nuclear system supply of steam. At the time, the construction value of Burns & Roe, Inc.'s business backlog exceeded six billion U.S. dollars.[^1]
 

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Castle Bank and Trust.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+category: "Private Organization"
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - CastleBank
+  - Bahamas
+  - PaulHelliwell
+  - InternalRevenueService
+  - OperationTradewinds
+  - TaxHavens
+  - CIA
+alias:
+  - Castle Bank
+  - Castle Bank and Trust Company
+summary: "Bahamian and Cayman bank set up by the Miami lawyer Paul Helliwell, whose depositor list the IRS obtained in 1973 by stealing a briefcase, and whose prosecution the CIA was reported to have stopped."
+location: "Nassau, Bahamas"
+created: 2026-09-21
+updated: 2026-09-21
+---
+
+Castle Bank and Trust Company of [[Nassau]], with an office in the [[Cayman Islands]], was "set up and principally controlled" by the [[Miami]] lawyer [[Paul Helliwell]]. "Castle had no guards, no tellers, and no vaults." It kept "virtually all of its assets" on deposit with banks in the [[United States]] and held about a quarter of a billion dollars for some 300 customers, among them, by one account, the actor [[Tony Curtis]], the band Creedence Clearwater Revival, and the [[Pritzker family]]. A memorandum found among the effects of [[Howard Hughes]] reads: "Chester called and wants to discuss the accounts at Castle Bank and Trust. He thinks these will be under investigation sooner than anticipated." The bank closed its Bahamian and Cayman offices in 1977.[^1][^2]
+
+### The Briefcase
+
+The [[Internal Revenue Service]] turned to the bank in 1972 in the course of [[Operation Tradewinds]], when it learned that a suspected narcotics trafficker had an account. Special Agent [[Richard Jaffe]] of Jacksonville asked the private detective [[Norman Casper]] to find out what he could. In October 1972 Casper met the bank's president, [[Samuel Pierson]], at the Miami airport and came away with a card reading "HMW: give this man anything he wants." HMW was the resident manager, [[Michael Wolstencroft]]. On January 15, 1973, while Wolstencroft dined at Key Biscayne with a woman Casper had introduced to him, Casper entered her apartment with her key, took Wolstencroft's briefcase to the house of an IRS agent, where some 400 documents were photographed, and returned it within an hour and a half. Jaffe had supplied a locksmith and cleared each step with his superior. Two weeks later the woman, Sybol Kennedy, stole a Rolodex from Wolstencroft's office in the Bahamas. The service paid Casper 8,000 dollars.[^3]
+
+### The Courts
+
+One of the depositors, Jack Payner of [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]], was indicted in 1976. Judge [[Frank Manos]] suppressed the evidence. "The activities of the Government agents Jaffe and Casper were outrageous. They plotted, schemed and ultimately acted in contravention of the United States Constitution and laws of [[Florida]], knowing that their conduct was illegal." He found that "the Government affirmatively counsels its agents that the Fourth Amendment standing limitation permits them to purposefully conduct an unconstitutional search and seizure of one individual in order to obtain evidence against third parties." The [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] reversed in 1980 by five votes to three, holding that Payner had no standing to complain of a search of another man's briefcase. Chief Justice [[Warren Burger]] wrote that this "should not be read as condoning the conduct of the IRS 'private investigators.'" Justice [[Thurgood Marshall]], dissenting, wrote that the government "made a conscious decision to forgo any opportunity to prosecute Wolstencroft in order to obtain illegally the evidence against Payner and others." After congressional hearings in 1975 the commissioner, [[Donald Alexander]], had called off Operation Tradewinds.[^3]
+
+### The Agency
+
+[[The Wall Street Journal]] reported on April 18, 1980, that "pressure from the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], rather than a legal problem, was what caused the [[Department of Justice|Justice Department]] to drop what could have been the biggest tax-evasion case of all," that "the government already had in its possession the same list, legally obtained," and that the bank "was the conduit for millions of dollars earmarked by the CIA for the funding of clandestine operations against [[Cuba]]." A former federal official said: "Castle was one of the CIA's finance channels for operations against Cuba." [[CBS]] said that August: "it seems that Castle Bank was a CIA bank in the [[Bahamas]]. And when it began to look as though U.S. investigators from the IRS were getting too close for comfort to some CIA secrets down there, the CIA told them to lay off, and they did." The agency declined to comment, and neither court opinion mentions it. An earlier account had attributed the collapse of the inquiry to Commissioner Alexander, whose former law firm had represented a company managed by the bank. The Chicago tax lawyer [[Burton Kanter]], indicted as the designer of many of the bank's arrangements, was acquitted.[^1][^2][^4]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Drinkhall, Jim. "IRS vs. CIA: Big Tax Investigation Was Quietly Scuttled by Intelligence Agency," *The Wall Street Journal,* April 18, 1980, CIA Reading Room document CIA-RDP90-01208R000100100061-5.
+[^2]: Hougan, Jim. *Spooks: The Haunting of America: The Private Use of Secret Agents*. William Morrow, 1978, pp. 237-242.
+[^3]: United States v. Payner, 447 U.S. 727 (1980); United States v. Payner, 434 F. Supp. 113 (N.D. Ohio 1977).
+[^4]: "Castle Bank: Update," *60 Minutes,* CBS, August 3, 1980, transcript, CIA Reading Room document CIA-RDP90-00806R000100200021-5; Epstein, Aaron. *The Philadelphia Inquirer,* June 24, 1980, CIA-RDP90-00806R000100200022-4.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/First Intercontinental Development Corporation.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The Board of Directors of [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO
 *   [[Robert Maheu]], Sr.: Vice President, Director; former [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] agent and former CEO of Howard Hughes Operations.[1]
 *   [[Michael A. McManus]]: Director, Vice President, and General Counsel to [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation|FIDCO]]; former Assistant to President [[Ronald Reagan]] at the [[White House]].[1]
 *   [[Robert Booth Nichols]]: Director, Senior Vice President, and Chairman of Investment Committee; CEO of R.B.N. Companies, International, involved in high technology electronics, real estate, construction, and international finance.[1]
-*   [[George K. Pender]]: Director; former Director of Pacific Ocean area of Burns & Roe, Inc., an international engineering and construction corporation.[1]
+*   [[George K. Pender]]: Director; former Director of [[Pacific Ocean]] area of Burns & Roe, Inc., an international engineering and construction corporation.[1]
 *   [[Kenneth A. Roe]]: Director; Chairman and President of Burns & Roe, Inc., involved in major projects like the [[United States|U.S.A.]] Fast Breeder Nuclear Reactor Plant.[1]
 *   [[Frances T. Fox]]: Vice President and Director; former General Manager of L.A. International Airport and Director of Aviation for Howard Hughes Nevada operations (now Summa Corporation).[1]
 *   [[Clint W. Murchison, Jr.]]: Director; owner of the Dallas Cowboys NFL football team, with family ties to powerful political and organized crime figures.[1]

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Fluor Corporation.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Fluor Corporation, a major engineering and construction firm, employed former [[
 
 ### Connection to the Contra Supply Chain
 
-[[Ron Lister]], the former [[Laguna Beach Police Department|Laguna Beach]] police officer who partnered with [[Danilo Blandon|Danilo Blandón]] in drug trafficking and weapons procurement, claimed to have high-level CIA contacts. [[Chris Moore]], who worked in Lister's office, recounted that "Ron said the guy was the former Deputy Director of Operations or something, real high up there. All I know is that this supposed contact of his was working at the Fluor Corporation." Lister's notes chronicled meetings at the Fairmont Hotel in [[San Jose|San Jose, California]] with a customer named "Ivan," who was uninterested in Lister's scrambler phones but asked him to procure "Varo night vision equipment." Lister told drug dealers he dealt with that his "friends in Washington" could make their legal problems disappear.[^2]
+[[Ronald Lister|Ron Lister]], the former [[Laguna Beach Police Department|Laguna Beach]] police officer who partnered with [[Danilo Blandon|Danilo Blandón]] in drug trafficking and weapons procurement, claimed to have high-level CIA contacts. [[Chris Moore]], who worked in Lister's office, recounted that "Ron said the guy was the former Deputy Director of Operations or something, real high up there. All I know is that this supposed contact of his was working at the Fluor Corporation." Lister's notes chronicled meetings at the Fairmont Hotel in [[San Jose|San Jose, California]] with a customer named "Ivan," who was uninterested in Lister's scrambler phones but asked him to procure "Varo night vision equipment." Lister told drug dealers he dealt with that his "friends in Washington" could make their legal problems disappear.[^2]
 
 ### Footnotes
 

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Intertel.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+category: "Private Organization"
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Intertel
+  - ResortsInternational
+  - RobertPeloquin
+  - PrivateIntelligence
+  - Bahamas
+  - HowardHughes
+  - OrganizedCrime
+alias:
+  - International Intelligence Inc.
+  - International Intelligence, Inc.
+summary: "Private intelligence company formed by Justice Department organized crime lawyers Robert Peloquin and William Hundley as a subsidiary of the Bahamian casino operator Resorts International, staffed from the IRS operation that had investigated the islands."
+location: "Washington, D.C."
+created: 2026-09-21
+updated: 2026-09-21
+---
+
+International Intelligence, Inc., called Intertel, was a private investigative company owned by [[Resorts International]], formerly the [[Mary Carter Paint Company]], the operator of the casino on [[Paradise Island]] in the [[Bahamas]].[^1]
+
+### Paradise Island
+
+[[James Crosby]]'s Mary Carter Paint bought three quarters of Paradise Island from [[Huntington Hartford]] for 3.5 million dollars and with it "the legal services of Sir [[Stafford Sands]]," the Bahamian minister and lawyer, who advised that the casino be run by the group of [[Wallace Groves]] at Freeport. Crosby gave a Groves company four ninths of the casino. [[Robert Peloquin]], a lawyer in the [[Department of Justice|Justice Department]]'s organized crime section who worked with the revenue service's [[Operation Tradewinds]], wrote in a January memorandum that "the atmosphere looks right for a Lansky skim." A royal commission sat in 1967 under Sir [[Ranulph Bacon]], formerly of Scotland Yard and later a director of Intertel, with Peloquin as "an 'unofficial,' but influential, observer." It exposed [[Meyer Lansky]]'s interest in the Lucayan Beach casino and the fees Sands had taken, and Sands "retired to his castle in [[Spain]]." It did not examine Crosby's company, whose casino had not yet opened.[^1]
+
+### The Firm
+
+Peloquin left the government in 1967 with [[William Hundley]], and within weeks the two were vice presidents of the Resorts subsidiary responsible for the new casino. "Many of those involved in Tradewinds," among them the IRS intelligence chief [[William Kolar]], "would all find jobs with Intertel." Hundley later defended [[Tongsun Park]], [[John Mitchell]], and [[Richard Kleindienst]]. A few weeks before the casino opened on January 1, 1968, Crosby wrote 34 checks to campaign committees of [[Richard Nixon]], all but one for 3,000 dollars, and raised another hundred thousand from friends. Nixon, [[Bebe Rebozo]], and [[Robert Abplanalp]] attended the opening. The casino's manager was [[Eddie Cellini]], brother of Lansky's associate [[Dino Cellini]]. Crosby later ordered Peloquin to dismiss him.[^1]
+
+One of Tradewinds's informants, the former [[Wackenhut Corporation|Wackenhut]] detective [[Norman Casper]], later obtained the depositor list of the [[Castle Bank and Trust]], one of whose customers, [[William Mellon Hitchcock|Billy Mellon Hitchcock]], an early financier of the Paradise Island development, was then suing the bank over its voting of his Resorts stock.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Hougan, Jim. *Spooks: The Haunting of America: The Private Use of Secret Agents*. William Morrow, 1978, pp. 237-242, 380-394.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/John Birch Society.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+category: "Private Organization"
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - JohnBirchSociety
+  - Anticommunism
+  - RobertWelch
+  - NelsonBunkerHunt
+  - FredKoch
+  - JamesEastland
+  - Segregation
+alias:
+  - JBS
+  - Birch Society
+summary: "Anticommunist membership society founded by the candy manufacturer Robert Welch at Indianapolis in December 1958, whose first council included Fred Koch and the Wackenhut director Ralph E. Davis, and which circulated Senator Eastland's speeches."
+start: 1958-12-09
+location: "Massachusetts"
+created: 2026-09-21
+updated: 2026-09-21
+---
+
+The John Birch Society was founded by [[Robert Welch]], a retired candy manufacturer of [[Massachusetts]], who on December 8 and 9, 1958, addressed eleven invited men for two days at the [[Indianapolis]] house of Marguerite Dice, national vice chairman of the Minute Women of the U.S.A. The talk was published as the society's *Blue Book*. The society took its name from an American missionary and army intelligence officer killed by Chinese Communist troops in August 1945.[^1]
+
+### The Council
+
+The first national council, as listed in the files of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], included [[T. Coleman Andrews]]; [[Spruille Braden]]; Colonel [[Laurence Bunker]]; [[Ralph E. Davis]], later a director of the [[Wackenhut Corporation]]; [[Fred Koch|Fred C. Koch]], founder of what became [[Koch Industries]]; [[Alfred Kohlberg]]; [[Clarence Manion]]; [[Adolphe Menjou]]; [[Revilo P. Oliver]]; and Lieutenant General Charles B. Stone III. Koch wrote to Welch on April 2, 1962: "We have been on the defensive too long." Braden, Menjou, and Oliver later left.[^1]
+
+Welch reported to the council in confidence that the society's direct income for 1959 was 71,225 dollars and 80 cents, and that in its first year it had grown from about 75 chapters and 1,400 members to about 150 chapters and 2,800 members.[^1]
+
+### Eastland and the Hunts
+
+On March 31, 1961, Welch telegraphed Senator [[James Eastland]], chairman of the [[Senate Internal Security Subcommittee]], asking that the subcommittee investigate the society: "None of our members will plead the [[Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fifth Amendment]]." On July 3, 1962, he wrote Eastland that the society had spent "several thousand dollars" to send every member a copy of the senator's speech "Is The Supreme Court Pro-Communist?" and that "I agreed one hundred percent." A council memorandum of May 7, 1962, lists among those invited to its meeting at the Union League Club in [[Chicago]] the [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]] oil man [[H.L. Hunt]], Captain [[Eddie Rickenbacker]], [[Ezra Taft Benson]], and Senator [[Strom Thurmond]]. Hunt's son [[Nelson Bunker Hunt]] later sat on the council. The man who collected the money for the black-bordered advertisement "Welcome Mr. Kennedy to Dallas" of November 22, 1963, to which Bunker Hunt contributed, was the society's Dallas coordinator, [[Joseph P. Grinnan]].[^1][^2]
+
+An informant of the FBI inside the [[White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan]] of [[Mississippi]], the Reverend [[Delmar Dennis]], who testified against the Klansmen tried for the murders of three civil rights workers in 1964, was a member of the society and was afterward employed by it as a coordinator and speaker.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Federal Bureau of Investigation files on the John Birch Society and correspondence of its council, compiled by Ernie Lazar from Freedom of Information Act releases. https://archive.org/details/foia_JBS_Report--combined
+[^2]: Bellant, Russ. *The Coors Connection: How Coors Family Philanthropy Undermines Democratic Pluralism*. South End Press, 1991; Testimony of Bernard William Weissman, *Hearings Before the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy,* vol. 5; Weissman Exhibit No. 1, vol. 21, p. 722.

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Park On Meter.md

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ Former Air Force intelligence officer [[Terry Reed]] claimed that Park On Meter
 
 ### Key Personnel
 
-Park On Meter's former secretary and corporate lawyer was [[Webb Hubbell]], who was also the brother-in-law of the company's owner. Hubbell admitted to a *Time* magazine reporter that POM was also making rocket launchers.[^1]
+Park On Meter's former secretary and corporate lawyer was [[Webster Hubbell|Webb Hubbell]], who was also the brother-in-law of the company's owner. Hubbell admitted to a *Time* magazine reporter that POM was also making rocket launchers.[^1]
 
-Iver Johnson, the arms company near Little Rock that POM supplied, "did ship a load of weapons to Nicaragua through a Mexican distributor, according to former plant engineer J. A. Matejko," the *Washington Post* confirmed.[^1]
+Iver Johnson, the arms company near [[Little Rock, Arkansas|Little Rock]] that POM supplied, "did ship a load of weapons to Nicaragua through a Mexican distributor, according to former plant engineer J. A. Matejko," the *Washington Post* confirmed.[^1]
 
 ### Footnotes
 

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. (variously abbreviated PMM, PM&M, PMMC, and PMM&C
 
 ### Role in PROMIS Development
 
-In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. held federal contracts developing computerized management systems for multiple government departments including the [[Department of Defense]], [[Department of Transportation]], and the Small Business Administration, in addition to the [[LEAA|Law Enforcement Assistance Administration]].[^2]
+In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. held federal contracts developing computerized management systems for multiple government departments including the [[Department of Defense]], [[Department of Transportation]], and the [[Small Business Administration]], in addition to the [[LEAA|Law Enforcement Assistance Administration]].[^2]
 
 In 1969, the [[Office of Crime Analysis of the District of Columbia]] administered a $60,000 LEAA grant (70-DF-047) to the firm to design a computer-based case management system for the [[U.S. Attorney's office|DC U.S. Attorney's Office]], at the direction of U.S. Attorney [[Thomas A. Flannery]]. The project team was co-directed by [[Joan E. Jacoby]] (Director of the Office of Crime Analysis) and [[Charles R. Work]] (Deputy Chief of the Superior Court Division of the DC U.S. Attorney's Office), with [[Bill Hamilton]] serving as project manager. Hamilton was then a senior consultant at the firm and a former [[NSA]] analyst. The resulting system -- the Prosecutor's Management Information System ([[PROMIS]]) - was deployed January 1, 1971.[^1][^2]
 

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Rose Law Firm.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+category: "Private Organization"
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - RoseLawFirm
+  - Arkansas
+  - HillaryClinton
+  - VinceFoster
+  - WebsterHubbell
+  - StephensInc
+  - Systematics
+summary: "Little Rock law firm dating from 1820, counsel to the Stephens interests, Worthen Bank, and Systematics, whose partners Hillary Rodham Clinton, Vince Foster, and Webster Hubbell went to Washington in 1993."
+start: 1820-11-01
+location: "Little Rock, Arkansas"
+created: 2026-09-21
+updated: 2026-09-21
+---
+
+The Rose Law Firm of [[Little Rock, Arkansas|Little Rock]] traces its origin to a partnership formed on November 1, 1820, by [[Robert Crittenden]], secretary of [[Arkansas]] Territory, and the land speculator [[Chester Ashley]]. It took its present name in 1980 from Uriah Rose, a president of the [[American Bar Association]]. The state's reference encyclopedia lists among its alumni "one first lady of the [[United States]]," whom it does not name.[^1]
+
+### Partners and Clients
+
+[[C. Joseph Giroir]], a securities lawyer who had worked at the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]], practiced at the firm from 1965 to 1988 and was its managing partner. [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]], [[Vince Foster]], and [[Webster Hubbell]] were partners. In 1978, when [[Financial General Bankshares]] sued [[Jackson Stephens]], [[Stephens Inc.]], and the bank data processor [[Systematics]] over the purchase of its stock for clients of the [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International]], the firm appeared for Systematics. "Mrs. Clinton even represented one of Stephens's companies in a case related to BCCI," two reporters wrote in 1992. Foster later handled the Systematics account.[^2][^3]
+
+Giroir sat on the board of [[Worthen Bank]] with [[Mochtar Riady]] after the Riady and Stephens families took control of it in 1983. In April 1993 he incorporated the [[Arkansas International Development Corporation]] with capital from the [[Lippo Group]], and a House committee reported that the Riadys paid him between 350,000 and 600,000 dollars a year. [[Newsweek]] reported that "through his Riady contacts" he "got involved in deals with prominent Indonesian businessmen, including Bambang Trihatmodjo, the second son of President [[Suharto]]."[^2][^4]
+
+### 1993 and After
+
+Hubbell became associate attorney general in January 1993, and Foster also went to Washington. Foster was found dead in [[Fort Marcy Park]] on July 20, 1993. The firm's members then "found irregularities in Hubbell's billings for 1989-92." He resigned in March 1994 and pleaded guilty that December, "admitting that he defrauded his former partners and clients out of at least $394,000."[^5]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: "Rose Law Firm," *Encyclopedia of Arkansas.* https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/rose-law-firm-2241/
+[^2]: Obituary of C. Joseph Giroir Jr., *Arkansas Democrat-Gazette,* February 17, 2021; House Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, *Investigation of Political Fundraising Improprieties and Possible Violations of Law,* H. Rept. 105-829, 1998, vol. 2. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CRPT-105hrpt829/html/CRPT-105hrpt829-vol2.htm
+[^3]: Truell, Peter, and Larry Gurwin. *False Profits: The Inside Story of BCCI, the World's Most Corrupt Financial Empire*. Houghton Mifflin, 1992, p. 428; Financial General Bankshares, Inc. v. Metzger, 523 F. Supp. 744 (D.D.C. 1981).
+[^4]: "The Asian Connection," *Newsweek,* circa 1996.
+[^5]: Office of the Independent Counsel, *Final Report of the Independent Counsel In Re: Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan Association,* vol. 3, part C, "Webster L. Hubbell's Billing Practices and Tax Filings." https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-ICREPORT-MADISON/pdf/GPO-ICREPORT-MADISON-3-2.pdf

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Truth or Consequences (New Orleans).md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+category: "Private Organization"
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - TruthOrConsequences
+  - JimGarrison
+  - ClayShaw
+  - NewOrleans
+  - PrivateFunding
+alias:
+  - Truth or Consequences
+  - Truth and Consequences
+summary: "Private fund formed by three New Orleans businessmen in February 1967 to pay for Jim Garrison's Kennedy investigation, whose money a federal court found came in on Shaw's arrest and stopped on his acquittal."
+start: 1967-02
+location: "New Orleans, Louisiana"
+created: 2026-09-21
+updated: 2026-09-21
+---
+
+Truth or Consequences was a private fund formed in late February 1967, shortly before the arrest of [[Clay Shaw]], by the [[New Orleans]] businessmen [[Willard E. Robertson]], [[Joseph M. Rault Jr.]], and [[Cecil M. Shilstone]] to pay for District Attorney [[Jim Garrison]]'s investigation of the assassination of President [[John F. Kennedy]].[^1]
+
+A federal court found in 1971 that Garrison's office spent more than 99,000 dollars on the Shaw case. About 25,000 came from the office's audited fines and fees account. About 70,000 came from an unaudited "J.G. Safi Account" that Garrison had opened at the Bank of [[Louisiana]]. The fund's money was transferred at Robertson's request into a "Garrison Fund" on which Garrison could draw at will. Rault "managed the fund and wrote numerous checks payable to Garrison and members of Garrison's staff at their request." Robertson borrowed 30,000 dollars on two notes, dated November 9, 1967, and January 17, 1968, to contribute, and testified that he and Garrison were "close personal friends" and that he understood Garrison would repay him. During the trial Robertson employed the prosecution witness [[Roger Craig]] at his automobile business. No money was given or spent after the trial. "When Shaw was arrested the money came in; when he was acquitted, it stopped," Judge [[Herbert Christenberry]] wrote. He found also that Garrison had a contract for three books and that continued prosecution of Shaw would promote their sale.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Shaw v. Garrison, 328 F. Supp. 390, 394-400 (E.D. La. 1971), affirmed, 467 F.2d 113 (5th Cir. 1972).

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Wackenhut Corporation.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ summary: "Florida security company founded in 1954 by former FBI agents, which g
 start: 1954-01-01
 location: "Coral Gables, Florida"
 ---
-Wackenhut Corporation is a security and investigative firm founded in 1954 by [[George R. Wackenhut]] and three other former [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] Special Agents. Initially named [[Special Agent Investigators]], it expanded to physical security and was renamed Wackenhut Corporation in 1958. Headquartered in [[Coral Gables]], [[Florida]], Wackenhut grew to become one of the world's largest security and investigative firms, with operations across the United States and internationally. The [[San Francisco]] Chronicle described it as being "led by former officials of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], the Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Security Agency, Defense Department and federal law enforcement."[^1][^2]
+Wackenhut Corporation is a security and investigative firm founded in 1954 by [[George R. Wackenhut]] and three other former [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] Special Agents. Initially named [[Special Agent Investigators]], it expanded to physical security and was renamed Wackenhut Corporation in 1958. Headquartered in [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]], [[Florida]], Wackenhut grew to become one of the world's largest security and investigative firms, with operations across the United States and internationally. The [[San Francisco]] Chronicle described it as being "led by former officials of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], the Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Security Agency, Defense Department and federal law enforcement."[^1][^2]
 
 ### Operations and Services
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ It was here that the "trap door" was built into the U.S. version of PROMIS, base
 
 ### Danny Casolaro Investigation
 
-Investigative reporter [[Danny Casolaro]] was investigating the Wackenhut/Cabazon weapons projects as part of his "[[The Octopus]]" investigation when he was found dead in a West Virginia motel room in 1991. The probe into his death was ordered by associate attorney general [[Webb Hubbell]], who had his own connections to weapons manufacturing for the Contras through [[Park On Meter]] in [[Arkansas]].[^2]
+Investigative reporter [[Danny Casolaro]] was investigating the Wackenhut/Cabazon weapons projects as part of his "[[The Octopus]]" investigation when he was found dead in a West Virginia motel room in 1991. The probe into his death was ordered by associate attorney general [[Webster Hubbell|Webb Hubbell]], who had his own connections to weapons manufacturing for the Contras through [[Park On Meter]] in [[Arkansas]].[^2]
 
 ### Other Allegations