vault backup: 2026-09-21 19:17:08

40 - EVENTS/2015 Charleston Church Shooting.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ On June 17, 2015, [[Dylann Roof]] (21) entered [[Emanuel African Methodist Episc
 
 Roof arrived at Emanuel AME Church, one of the oldest and most historically prominent Black churches in the American South, during Wednesday evening Bible study. He sat with the group for roughly an hour. He then opened fire on the worshippers.
 
-The nine people killed were the church's senior pastor and South Carolina state senator [[Clementa C. Pinckney]], [[Cynthia Marie Graham Hurd]], [[Susie Jackson]], [[Ethel Lee Lance]], [[Depayne Middleton Doctor]], [[Tywanza Sanders]], [[Daniel Simmons]], [[Sharonda Coleman-Singleton]], and [[Myra Thompson]].
+The nine people killed were the church's senior pastor and [[South Carolina]] state senator [[Clementa C. Pinckney]], [[Cynthia Marie Graham Hurd]], [[Susie Jackson]], [[Ethel Lee Lance]], [[Depayne Middleton Doctor]], [[Tywanza Sanders]], [[Daniel Simmons]], [[Sharonda Coleman-Singleton]], and [[Myra Thompson]].
 
 After the attack Roof drove out of state. A motorist in Shelby, [[North Carolina]] recognized him from surveillance footage broadcast in the immediate aftermath and called police. He was arrested the following morning without resistance.[^1]
 

40 - EVENTS/CONTRA_WAR/Bay of Pigs.md

@@ -95,13 +95,13 @@ The Taylor Commission attributed failure to "a mistaken belief that this large o
 
 The Taylor Commission's findings led directly to [[Operation Mongoose]], approved in November 1961, as the successor anti-Castro covert program under [[Edward Lansdale]] and Robert Kennedy's Special Group (Augmented).
 
-Personnel consequences: Allen Dulles was forced to resign, replaced by John McCone; Bissell resigned in February 1962, receiving the National Security Medal before his departure; C.P. Cabell was forced to resign January 31, 1962. Kennedy privately told aide Richard Goodwin regarding the captured brigade: "They trusted me, and they're in prison now because I fucked up. I have to get them out."[^1]
+Personnel consequences: Allen Dulles was forced to resign, replaced by John McCone; Bissell resigned in February 1962, receiving the [[National Security Medal]] before his departure; C.P. Cabell was forced to resign January 31, 1962. Kennedy privately told aide Richard Goodwin regarding the captured brigade: "They trusted me, and they're in prison now because I fucked up. I have to get them out."[^1]
 
 ### The Prisoner Exchange
 
 Of approximately 1,400 Brigade members: 114 were killed in battle; approximately 1,179 were captured; 1,113 survived to the eventual exchange. Castro announced in April 1962 that the prisoners faced trial as "war criminals," with sentences of 30 years or payment of $62 million in indemnification.
 
-Robert Kennedy secretly recruited [[New York]] attorney James B. Donovan - who had negotiated the Rudolf Abel spy exchange - to reopen prisoner talks in June 1962. Donovan worked pro bono. Negotiations were disrupted by the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] in October 1962 but resumed. On December 21, 1962, Donovan and Castro signed an agreement: 1,113 surviving prisoners were exchanged for $53 million in food, medicines, and other humanitarian supplies, raised through private donations from pharmaceutical companies and other sources.
+Robert Kennedy secretly recruited [[New York]] attorney James B. Donovan - who had negotiated the [[Rudolf Abel]] spy exchange - to reopen prisoner talks in June 1962. Donovan worked pro bono. Negotiations were disrupted by the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] in October 1962 but resumed. On December 21, 1962, Donovan and Castro signed an agreement: 1,113 surviving prisoners were exchanged for $53 million in food, medicines, and other humanitarian supplies, raised through private donations from pharmaceutical companies and other sources.
 
 Kennedy welcomed the released prisoners at the Orange Bowl in Miami on December 29, 1962. Brigade 2506 presented Kennedy with their battle flag; Kennedy stated he would return it "to a free Havana." He never did.[^2]
 

40 - EVENTS/INTELLIGENCE_SCANDALS/Church Committee.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Earlier contributory revelations included: the discovery of the "Family Jewels"
 
 The committee's investigations covered all major U.S. intelligence agencies: the CIA, FBI, NSA, Army intelligence, and IRS. Its principal documented findings included:
 
-Operation CHAOS (CIA): The CIA's Operation CHAOS (MHCHAOS), directed by [[Richard Ober]] under James Angleton's Counterintelligence Staff, was documented as "unlawful" domestic surveillance violating the CIA's legislative charter. The HYDRA index of 7,200 American citizens and 300,000 names was documented. The committee also documented Project MERRIMAC and Project RESISTANCE as subprograms feeding CHAOS. The findings are in Book III of the final report: "CIA Intelligence Collection About Americans: CHAOS and the Office of Security."[^1]
+Operation CHAOS (CIA): The CIA's Operation CHAOS (MHCHAOS), directed by [[Richard Ober]] under James Angleton's Counterintelligence Staff, was documented as "unlawful" domestic surveillance violating the CIA's legislative charter. The HYDRA index of 7,200 American citizens and 300,000 names was documented. The committee also documented Project MERRIMAC and [[Project RESISTANCE]] as subprograms feeding CHAOS. The findings are in Book III of the final report: "CIA Intelligence Collection About Americans: CHAOS and the [[CIA Office of Security|Office of Security]]."[^1]
 
 COINTELPRO (FBI): The FBI's COINTELPRO programs were documented as having used infiltration, psychological warfare, fabricated communications, wrongful prosecution referrals, and coordination with local law enforcement in ways the committee found constituted a systematic campaign against legal political activity. The committee found that the FBI had opened more than 500,000 domestic intelligence files since 1960 and that many targeted individuals had never engaged in any illegal activity.[^1]
 

40 - EVENTS/INTELLIGENCE_SCANDALS/Project Babylon.md

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]], [[The Washington Post]] reported, "has att
 
 Asked on April 24 when ministers in the [[Department of Trade and Industry]] first learned of the Walter Somers order, the trade minister [[Alan Clark]] answered: "Earlier this month." On April 27 [[Gordon Brown]] asked the secretary of state, [[Nicholas Ridley]], when the department first saw the Sheffield Forgemasters contract, what checks were made of "the 44 items of piping now sent to Iraq," how often Walter Somers had itself come to the department about the order, and what was done when the firm reported that it had been approached "about aiming equipment." To each Ridley replied: "In the light of charges laid against an individual on 25 April, and in the light of the continuing investigation by [[HM Customs and Excise|Customs and Excise]], it would be inappropriate to give any further information." Thatcher, asked which departments had considered the order, said: "Export controls are administered by the Department of Trade and Industry who seek advice from the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] and other Departments as necessary." The [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|Foreign Office]] minister [[William Waldegrave]] said on April 30: "We first became aware of Iraq's involvement with advanced ballistic missiles in 1987." The [[Trade and Industry Select Committee]] opened an inquiry.[^3]
 
+At the trial of the [[Matrix Churchill]] directors in 1992 an officer of [[MI5]] confirmed that one of the firm's executives, [[Mark Gutteridge]], had reported to the service on Bull's company, and that "Gutteridge first told MI5 about Bull and his supergun in May 1988." The information "had been passed straight to the CIA." Matrix Churchill's Iraqi owner, the [[Technology Development Group]], "had a partnership with Dr. Gerald Bull's Space Research Corporation, and it financed purchases for Bull thanks to loans from BNL Atlanta." On February 6, 1990, six weeks before Bull was shot, the [[Central Bank of Iraq]] opened a credit of 2.9 million dollars through Space Research to a [[New Jersey]] fuse maker, Rexon. A customs investigator who had followed Bull and his British partner Allivane for three years said: "none of this could have been done without government approval."[^4]
+
 The freelance journalist [[Jonathan Moyle]], who had been looking into Iraqi arms purchases in [[Chile]], was found dead in a [[Santiago]] hotel on March 31, 1990, nine days after Bull.[^2]
 
 ### Footnotes
@@ -40,3 +42,4 @@ The freelance journalist [[Jonathan Moyle]], who had been looking into Iraqi arm
 [^1]: "Briton Charged in Alleged Iraqi 'Super Gun' Project," *The Washington Post,* April 25, 1990.
 [^2]: "Britain confirms pipes were for supergun," United Press International, April 18, 1990; "Two linked to Iraq gun affair freed on bail," United Press International, May 3, 1990; GlobalSecurity.org, "Space Research Corporation." On Moyle see the sources cited at [[Jonathan Moyle]].
 [^3]: House of Commons, written answers, April 24, 27, and 30, 1990, *Hansard.* https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written_answers/1990/apr/27/iraq-arms-component-exports
+[^4]: Friedman, Alan. *Spider's Web: The Secret History of How the White House Illegally Armed Iraq*. Bantam, 1993, pp. 78-79, 116, 250.

40 - EVENTS/INTELLIGENCE_SCANDALS/Warren Commission.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
----
+---
 created: 2026-05-15
 updated: 2026-05-17
 title: Warren Commission
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ end: 1964-09-24
 location: "Washington, D.C."
 ---
 
-The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy - universally known as the Warren Commission after its chairman, Chief Justice Earl Warren - was an investigative body established by President [[Lyndon Johnson|Lyndon B. Johnson]] by executive order on November 29, 1963, one week after the Kennedy assassination. It issued its report on September 24, 1964, concluding that [[Lee Harvey Oswald]] had acted alone in killing President Kennedy and that [[Jack Ruby]] had acted alone in killing Oswald.[^1]
+The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy - universally known as the Warren Commission after its chairman, Chief Justice Earl Warren - was an investigative body established by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] by executive order on November 29, 1963, one week after the Kennedy assassination. It issued its report on September 24, 1964, concluding that [[Lee Harvey Oswald]] had acted alone in killing President Kennedy and that [[Jack Ruby]] had acted alone in killing Oswald.[^1]
 
 ### Composition
 

40 - EVENTS/MAJOR_CONFLICTS/Cuban Missile Crisis.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
----
+---
 aliases:
   - Cuban Missile Crisis
   - Caribbean Crisis
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Kennedy's inner circle, the Executive Committee of the National Security Council
 
 The most dangerous days came when U-2 reconnaissance aircraft were shot down over Cuba and Soviet submarines were depth-charged by American forces. Back-channel negotiations, including communication through Soviet intelligence officer Aleksandr Feklisov, helped establish the terms of resolution. The final agreement involved the public Soviet pledge to remove missiles, the American public pledge not to invade Cuba, and a secret American undertaking - revealed only decades later - to remove Jupiter missiles from Turkey within several months.[^1]
 
-The CIA's role during the crisis included the aerial reconnaissance that discovered the missiles and operational planning for responses including an air strike that ExComm ultimately rejected. CIA officer [[Bill Harvey]] controversially dispatched infiltration teams to Cuba during the crisis without authorization from CIA Director [[John McCone]], an action that triggered a furious confrontation and led to Harvey's reassignment.[^1]
+The CIA's role during the crisis included the aerial reconnaissance that discovered the missiles and operational planning for responses including an air strike that ExComm ultimately rejected. CIA officer [[William Harvey|Bill Harvey]] controversially dispatched infiltration teams to Cuba during the crisis without authorization from CIA Director [[John McCone]], an action that triggered a furious confrontation and led to Harvey's reassignment.[^1]
 
 ### Aftermath
 

40 - EVENTS/MAJOR_CONFLICTS/Gulf of Tonkin Incident.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
----
+---
 created: 2026-05-15
 updated: 2026-05-17
 title: Gulf of Tonkin Incident
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ start: 1964-08-04
 location: "Gulf of Tonkin, off North Vietnam"
 ---
 
-The Gulf of Tonkin Incident refers to two separate events on August 2 and August 4, 1964, in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of North Vietnam, the second of which was used by the [[Lyndon Johnson|Johnson]] administration to obtain congressional authorization for the dramatic escalation of American involvement in [[Vietnam|the Vietnam War]]. Subsequent declassification - principally of [[NSA]] documents released in 2005 - confirmed what internal doubts at the time suggested: the August 4 "attack" almost certainly did not occur.[^1]
+The Gulf of Tonkin Incident refers to two separate events on August 2 and August 4, 1964, in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of North Vietnam, the second of which was used by the [[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]] administration to obtain congressional authorization for the dramatic escalation of American involvement in [[Vietnam|the Vietnam War]]. Subsequent declassification - principally of [[NSA]] documents released in 2005 - confirmed what internal doubts at the time suggested: the August 4 "attack" almost certainly did not occur.[^1]
 
 ### August 2: The Real Attack
 

40 - EVENTS/MAJOR_CONFLICTS/Sabra and Shatila massacres.md

@@ -30,4 +30,5 @@ As a result of the inquiry, [[Yehoshua Sagi|Maj. Gen. Sagi]] was removed from hi
 
 ### Footnotes
 
-[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. _Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network_. TrineDay, 1992. [^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. _The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy_. Random House, 1991. Chapter 21.
+[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. _Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network_. TrineDay, 1992.
+[^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. _The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy_. Random House, 1991. Chapter 21.

40 - EVENTS/MODERN_INCIDENTS/Cybertruck Trump Hotel Bombing.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ On January 1, 2025, active duty [[U.S. Army]] [[Special Operations Group|Special
 ### Detailed Timeline
 - The truck was rented in Colorado using [[Turo]] on December 28[^2]. Livelsberger texted a girlfriend that he felt like batman or “halo.”
 - December 30, Livelsberger drove to Monument, Colorado and purchased two handguns
-- December 31, Livelsberger drove through and charged at Trinidad, CO; Las Vegas, NM; Albuquerque, NM; and Gallup, NM.
+- December 31, Livelsberger drove through and charged at Trinidad, CO; [[Las Vegas]], NM; Albuquerque, NM; and Gallup, NM.
 - January 1, the truck is charged in Holbrook, Flagstaff, and Kingman, AZ (the last charge at 5:33 AM).
 - 7:29 AM The Cybertruck is first spotted in Las Vegas
 - 7:34 AM The Cybertruck is seen turning on to Fashion Show Drive, the location of the Trump International Hotel.