vault backup: 2026-09-21 19:17:08
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aliases:
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- Cuban Missile Crisis
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- Caribbean Crisis
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@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Kennedy's inner circle, the Executive Committee of the National Security Council
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The most dangerous days came when U-2 reconnaissance aircraft were shot down over Cuba and Soviet submarines were depth-charged by American forces. Back-channel negotiations, including communication through Soviet intelligence officer Aleksandr Feklisov, helped establish the terms of resolution. The final agreement involved the public Soviet pledge to remove missiles, the American public pledge not to invade Cuba, and a secret American undertaking - revealed only decades later - to remove Jupiter missiles from Turkey within several months.[^1]
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The CIA's role during the crisis included the aerial reconnaissance that discovered the missiles and operational planning for responses including an air strike that ExComm ultimately rejected. CIA officer [[Bill Harvey]] controversially dispatched infiltration teams to Cuba during the crisis without authorization from CIA Director [[John McCone]], an action that triggered a furious confrontation and led to Harvey's reassignment.[^1]
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The CIA's role during the crisis included the aerial reconnaissance that discovered the missiles and operational planning for responses including an air strike that ExComm ultimately rejected. CIA officer [[William Harvey|Bill Harvey]] controversially dispatched infiltration teams to Cuba during the crisis without authorization from CIA Director [[John McCone]], an action that triggered a furious confrontation and led to Harvey's reassignment.[^1]
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### Aftermath
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---
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---
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created: 2026-05-15
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updated: 2026-05-17
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title: Gulf of Tonkin Incident
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@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ start: 1964-08-04
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location: "Gulf of Tonkin, off North Vietnam"
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The Gulf of Tonkin Incident refers to two separate events on August 2 and August 4, 1964, in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of North Vietnam, the second of which was used by the [[Lyndon Johnson|Johnson]] administration to obtain congressional authorization for the dramatic escalation of American involvement in [[Vietnam|the Vietnam War]]. Subsequent declassification - principally of [[NSA]] documents released in 2005 - confirmed what internal doubts at the time suggested: the August 4 "attack" almost certainly did not occur.[^1]
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The Gulf of Tonkin Incident refers to two separate events on August 2 and August 4, 1964, in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of North Vietnam, the second of which was used by the [[Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson]] administration to obtain congressional authorization for the dramatic escalation of American involvement in [[Vietnam|the Vietnam War]]. Subsequent declassification - principally of [[NSA]] documents released in 2005 - confirmed what internal doubts at the time suggested: the August 4 "attack" almost certainly did not occur.[^1]
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### August 2: The Real Attack
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@ -30,4 +30,5 @@ As a result of the inquiry, [[Yehoshua Sagi|Maj. Gen. Sagi]] was removed from hi
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. _Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network_. TrineDay, 1992. [^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. _The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy_. Random House, 1991. Chapter 21.
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[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. _Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network_. TrineDay, 1992.
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[^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. _The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy_. Random House, 1991. Chapter 21.
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