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Wave G, CTC/Barcella thread, EA cluster pages, first dispatch

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Wave G rewrites (Nautilus, UAP Task Force, Six-Day War, DARPA, Aguado,
Meridian, Deckoff) with spillover deltas; ARPA merged into DARPA; new pages
for Counter Terrorism Consultants, James B. Motley, Francis J. McNeil,
House October Surprise Task Force, Greg Kehoe, Black Diamond Capital
Management, Effective Altruism Foundation, Carla Cremer, Jacob Coxon;
first dispatch in 70 - DISPATCHES.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01UCcR8CEutHnduHwhbe4btv
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17
20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Anthropic.md
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@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ relations:
role: "CDAO prototype agreement up to 200 million dollars; designated a supply-chain risk"
fn: 20
created: 2026-06-19
updated: 2026-09-23
updated: 2026-10-08
---
Anthropic is an artificial-intelligence company founded in May 2021 by seven former [[OpenAI]] researchers, led by the siblings [[Dario Amodei]] (chief executive) and [[Daniela Amodei]] (president), who left OpenAI over disagreements about its direction and its balance between commercialization and safety. The founders came out of the [[Effective Altruism]] movement and built the company explicitly around the thesis that advanced AI should be developed with extreme caution, the same existential-risk concern that runs through the [[Rationalist Community]] and the institutions [[Peter Thiel]] funded through the [[Machine Intelligence Research Institute]]. Its 2022 funding round was led by a 500 million dollar investment from [[Sam Bankman-Fried]] months before his [[FTX]] exchange collapsed in fraud.[^1][^2]
@ -93,6 +93,16 @@ On February 12, 2026, Anthropic announced a 20-million-dollar contribution to [[
Anthropic's own lobbying disclosures reported expenses of 720,000 dollars in 2024, 4.04 million in 2025 and 3.53 million in the first half of 2026; the number of outside firms registered to lobby for it grew from two in 2023 to nine in 2026.[^28]
### Jacob Coxon Resignation
[[Jacob Coxon]], a pretraining researcher who had moved from OpenAI to Anthropic in May 2026, resigned on September 8, 2026 and wrote on X that "Neither company is acting responsibly" and that they were "gambling with our lives." [[CNBC]] reported that the post had been viewed more than 70 million times.[^29] [[Evan Hubinger]], an Anthropic alignment lead, wrote that "we really do earnestly believe AI could kill all humans" and "I personally think it is >10% within the next decade," and that "we do not yet have a plan to solve alignment for superintelligence."[^29] An Anthropic spokesperson told the [[Washington Post]] that "We have always been transparent that AI will bring both enormous benefits and unprecedented risks."[^30] [[Pirate Wires]] reported on September 24, 2026 that a public relations firm representing [[Eliezer Yudkowsky]] was helping Coxon book interviews; Coxon told the Post he did not work with any organizations to promote the announcement.[^30][^31]
### Religious Consultations and the Papal Encyclical
[[Elizabeth Dias]] of the [[New York Times]] reported on September 29, 2026 that Anthropic had held a series of private meetings in which it consulted religious scholars "to help instill morality into its A.I. models and make the case that Claude could be conscious."[^32] The Telegraph, in an account republished by Yahoo News on October 2, 2026, reported that Chris Olah, one of seven Anthropic co-founders, had been leading talks between the company and religious leaders, and quoted him telling the Times: "We don't know if AI models are conscious. I don't know. I'm genuinely uncertain."[^33]
Pope Leo XIV's 40,000-word encyclical "Magnifica Humanitas" was published in May 2026. As quoted in that account, it states that "So-called artificial intelligences do not undergo experiences, do not possess a body, do not feel joy or pain." The same account reports, citing the Times, that Olah urged the Pope's advisers to take the idea of machine consciousness seriously after seeing the encyclical before its publication, that he was invited to the Vatican to speak alongside the Pope when it was presented, and that he reportedly considered pulling out over the Pope's position before telling the audience that Anthropic's research had found "structures that mirror results from human neuroscience" and "evidence of introspection."[^33]
### Footnotes
[^1]: "From 500 million to 30 billion: SBF, in prison, has invested in the most valuable company in the AI era," on the FTX/Alameda investment in Anthropic. https://www.panewslab.com/en/articles/019d08f7-792c-70db-a0d3-5654dd2b2eaf
@ -123,3 +133,8 @@ Anthropic's own lobbying disclosures reported expenses of 720,000 dollars in 202
[^26]: Bellan, Rebecca. "Anthropic-funded group backs candidate attacked by rival AI super PAC." *TechCrunch,* February 20, 2026. https://techcrunch.com/2026/02/20/anthropic-funded-group-backs-candidate-attacked-by-rival-ai-super-pac/
[^27]: Anthropic, "Anthropic is donating another $20 million to Public First Action," July 21, 2026. https://www.anthropic.com/news/donation-public-first-action
[^28]: U.S. Senate, Lobbying Disclosure Act database, filings with client "Anthropic," 2023 to second quarter 2026, retrieved September 2026. https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/?client_name=Anthropic
[^29]: Arjun Kharpal, "Researcher says AI has more than 10% chance of 'killing all humans,'" CNBC, September 9, 2026. https://www.cnbc.com/2026/09/09/anthropic-researcher-quits-ai-safety.html
[^30]: Miriam Waldvogel and Nitasha Tiku, "AI researcher who warned of disaster is now a target of the right," The Washington Post, September 10, 2026 (Anchorage Daily News reprint, September 11, 2026). https://www.adn.com/nation-world/2026/09/10/ai-researcher-who-warned-of-disaster-is-now-a-target-of-the-right/
[^31]: Hunter Ryerson, "EXCLUSIVE: Jacob Coxon Worked With Doomer PR Firm," Pirate Wires, September 24, 2026. https://www.piratewires.com/p/jacob-coxon-worked-with-ai-doomer-firm
[^32]: Elizabeth Dias, "Is Claude Conscious? Inside Anthropic's Quest to Instill Morality Into Its A.I. Models," The New York Times, September 29, 2026. https://www.nytimes.com/2026/09/29/us/anthropic-claude-morals-ai.html
[^33]: "Anthropic tried to persuade Pope that AI could be conscious," The Telegraph, republished by Yahoo News, October 2, 2026, reporting the New York Times account. https://www.yahoo.com/news/science/articles/anthropic-tried-persuade-pope-ai-131853948.html Sole source for the timing of Olah's approach to the Pope's advisers.

26
20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Bank of Credit and Commerce International.md
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ aliases:
- BCCI
- Sandstorm
created: 2024-04-25
updated: 2026-09-23
updated: 2026-10-08
tags:
- Organization
- Private
@ -89,9 +89,21 @@ Through late 1990 and the spring of 1991, according to the Senate report, BCCI,
On July 29, 1991, the day of Morgenthau's indictment, the Federal Reserve announced a 200 million dollar civil penalty against BCCI and related banks and sought to bar Abedi, Naqvi, Hasan Mahmood Kazmi, Adham, Faisal Saud Al-Fulaij, [[A. R. (Abdul Raouf) Khalil|A. R. Khalil]], Sayed Jawhary, Pharaon and Khusro Elley from American banking. It found that BCCI had acquired CCAH shares in its customers' names through loans "with side agreements that the customer would not be required to repay," and that BCCI "resorted to these arrangements because BCCI was told it could not receive the necessary approvals from the Federal Reserve Board to acquire a bank in the United States."[^7] By December 1991 BCCI's liquidators had pleaded guilty to the first six counts of the New York indictment "as part of an agreement concerning BCCI's assets in the United States," and a superseding information was filed in the federal court in Washington on December 19, 1991.[^2][^8] British prosecutions followed: [[Syed Ziauddin Ali Akbar]], head of the treasury division, was sentenced in 1993 and Abbas Gokal of the [[Gulf Group]] in 1997.[^14]
BCCI's Washington defense was coordinated in part by former federal prosecutors. [[Lawrence Wechsler]] recruited [[E. Lawrence Barcella, Jr.]] "to coordinate the bank's defense" shortly after the October 1988 Tampa indictment, and the Senate report stated that "the full extent of Barcella's activities on behalf of BCCI remains unknown."[^15] The Senate subcommittee could not determine what, if any, services [[Paul Laxalt]] performed for the bank, although Barcella had tried in 1988 to persuade Laxalt, his firm's lead partner, to meet BCCI's chief executive in London.[^15]
A 1992 press account gave a different date, stating that BCCI hired Barcella in 1990.[^16] Barcella and Wechsler represented the bank in the meetings at which Tampa prosecutors agreed to a plea in January 1990.[^17] [[Robert Parry]] wrote that Barcella and his firm earned more than $2 million from BCCI, and that the Laxalt and BCCI links were omitted from the public report on the October Surprise investigation.[^18]
### Congressional Inquiries and CIA Accounts
A CIA memorandum, undated and approved for release in August 2003, refers to a [[House October Surprise Task Force|House task force]] "formed to investigate allegations that officials from the Reagan campaign sought to delay release of the hostages in Iran until after the 1980 election," a body the House created on February 5, 1992.[^19][^20] The memorandum states that the [[House Banking Committee]] had subpoenaed First American for all of its records pertaining to CIA accounts in its investigation of BCCI, and that the agency did not then hold any accounts at First American.[^19] The agency had briefed two cleared committee staffers on the First American accounts and had provided the committee with intelligence reports on BCCI, and it had indicated a desire to cooperate "so long as it would not require access to operational information." The committee nonetheless sent a letter to the ADCI asserting its right to review all records and interview CIA officers "regardless of the sensitivity of the information."[^19]
The agency had also tried to obtain the help of the [[House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]] to act as a surrogate for the Banking Committee in reviewing sensitive operational information, but the Banking Committee had refused to accept any role for it.[^19] The memorandum proposed points to be made to the committee, including that the agency was "prepared to resist demands for access by the Banking Committee to sensitive operational information, and will, as a last resort, seek to protect this type of information from disclosure by requesting that the President invoke Executive Privilege." The agency was also prepared to ask the Department of Justice "to seek a Temporary Restraining Order that would relieve First American Bank from having to comply with the Banking Committee subpoena."[^19]
The memorandum records a request from the October Surprise Task Force for information on official and unofficial arms sales to Iran of U.S. origin or U.S. content from November 1977 through August 1985, including field reporting and operational strategies. It states that a "similar concern could also arise with the October Surprise Task Force investigation," and that the agency would "attempt to work out a compromise that would satisfy the Task Force's desire for information while protecting intelligence sources and methods."[^19]
### Liquidation
The liquidators, [[Touche Ross]], reported a year into the liquidation that the true picture of BCCI's activities had been distorted by practices such as "loan parking" and "artificial fund transfers."[^8] The Abu Dhabi shareholders, who held 77.4 percent of BCCI at its closure, agreed a 1.8 billion dollar compensation package for creditors in November 1994, which received its last legal clearance, from a court in Luxembourg, in December 1995. An agreement with the liquidators in May 1996 allowed an initial payment of 1.55 billion dollars, a first dividend of 20 percent to more than 250,000 creditors, with 10 to 20 percent more to follow; by October 1997, 80 percent of small depositors in the [[United Arab Emirates]] had been repaid in full.[^15] In 2005 the liquidators abandoned their suit against the Bank of England, [[Three Rivers District Council v Bank of England]].[^16]
The liquidators, [[Touche Ross]], reported a year into the liquidation that the true picture of BCCI's activities had been distorted by practices such as "loan parking" and "artificial fund transfers."[^8] The Abu Dhabi shareholders, who held 77.4 percent of BCCI at its closure, agreed a 1.8 billion dollar compensation package for creditors in November 1994, which received its last legal clearance, from a court in Luxembourg, in December 1995. An agreement with the liquidators in May 1996 allowed an initial payment of 1.55 billion dollars, a first dividend of 20 percent to more than 250,000 creditors, with 10 to 20 percent more to follow; by October 1997, 80 percent of small depositors in the [[United Arab Emirates]] had been repaid in full.[^21] In 2005 the liquidators abandoned their suit against the Bank of England, [[Three Rivers District Council v Bank of England]].[^22]
### Footnotes
@ -109,5 +121,11 @@ The liquidators, [[Touche Ross]], reported a year into the liquidation that the
[^12]: Kerry and Brown, *The BCCI Affair,* ch. 1, "Executive Summary." https://irp.fas.org/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/01exec.htm
[^13]: House of Commons, "BCCI (Bingham Report)," *Hansard,* October 22, 1992. https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1992/oct/22/bcci-bingham-report
[^14]: "BCCI official gets six years for fraud charges," United Press International, September 28, 1993. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1993/09/28/BCCI-official-gets-six-years-for-fraud-charges/3315749188800/; "Gokal sentenced to 14 years for BCCI fraud," *The Irish Times,* May 9, 1997. https://www.irishtimes.com/business/gokal-sentenced-to-14-years-for-bcci-fraud-1.70650
[^15]: "BCCI small depositors paid in UAE," United Press International, October 11, 1997. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1997/10/11/BCCI-small-depositors-paid-in-UAE/2814876542400/
[^16]: Three Rivers District Council and Others v. The Governor and Company of the Bank of England [2006] EWHC 816 (Comm). https://web.archive.org/web/20260203100053/https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Comm/2006/816.html
[^15]: Kerry, Senator John, and Senator Hank Brown. *The BCCI Affair: A Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate.* December 1992, ch. 17, "BCCI's Lawyers and Lobbyists." https://irp.fas.org/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/17law.htm
[^16]: "Head of Iran Hostage Probe Linked to Arms Deal," *Hartford Courant*, May 29, 1992. https://www.courant.com/1992/05/29/head-of-iran-hostage-probe-linked-to-arms-deal/
[^17]: Kerry and Brown, *The BCCI Affair,* ch. 8, "BCCI and Law Enforcement: The Justice Department and the U.S. Customs Service." https://irp.fas.org/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/08just.htm
[^18]: Parry, Robert. "October Surprise X-Files (Part 8): Lies Spun into History." *Consortium News*, 1996. https://www.consortiumnews.com/archive/xfile8.html Sole source for the fee figure and the omissions as reported by Parry.
[^19]: Central Intelligence Agency, memorandum, undated, "BCCI and October Surprise Task Force," approved for release August 2003. CIA Reading Room document 0000984226. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-0000984226
[^20]: U.S. House of Representatives, October Surprise Task Force, *Joint Report of the Task Force to Investigate Certain Allegations Concerning the Holding of American Hostages by Iran in 1980*, H. Rept. 102-1102, January 3, 1993, Legislative History (task force formed February 5, 1992 under H. Res. 258). https://archive.org/details/6199732-Joint-Report-of-the-October-Surprise-Task-Force
[^21]: "BCCI small depositors paid in UAE," United Press International, October 11, 1997. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1997/10/11/BCCI-small-depositors-paid-in-UAE/2814876542400/
[^22]: Three Rivers District Council and Others v. The Governor and Company of the Bank of England [2006] EWHC 816 (Comm). https://web.archive.org/web/20260203100053/https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Comm/2006/816.html

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20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Counter Terrorism Consultants, Inc..md Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
---
aliases:
- Counter Terrorism Consultants, Inc.
- Counter Terrorism Consultants
- CounterTerrorism Consultants, L.P.
- CounterTerrorism Consultants
- Counter-Terrorism Consultants
- CTC
category: "Private Organization"
tags:
- Organization
- CounterTerrorismConsultants
- PrivateSecurity
- Counterterrorism
- OrlandoLetelier
- FormerFBI
- ForeignAgents
- Washington
- CasolaroPapers
summary: "Washington counterterrorism consultancy formed in 1988 by FBI agent Carter Cornick and prosecutor Eugene Propper, registered in 1989 as agent of Jamaica's government, with associates including Lawrence Barcella and Francis McNeil."
location: "Washington, D.C."
created: 2026-10-08
updated: 2026-10-08
relations:
- type: founded
with: "[[Carter Cornick]]"
reverse: true
start: 1988-08
role: "co-founder, president (1988), chief executive officer (1990)"
fn: 1
- type: founded
with: "[[Eugene Propper]]"
reverse: true
start: 1988-08
role: "co-founder, then of the law firm Lane and Edson"
fn: 1
- type: member_of
with: "[[Robert Scherrer]]"
reverse: true
start: 1988-08
role: "consultant"
fn: 1
- type: member_of
with: "[[E. Lawrence Barcella, Jr.]]"
reverse: true
start: 1988-08
role: "adviser on extradition (1988); associate (1990)"
fn: 1
- type: member_of
with: "[[Francis J. McNeil]]"
reverse: true
start: 1990-06
role: "associate"
fn: 11
- type: member_of
with: "[[James B. Motley]]"
reverse: true
start: 1990-06
role: "associate"
fn: 11
- type: member_of
with: "[[Mayer Nudell]]"
reverse: true
start: 1990-06
role: "associate"
fn: 11
- type: represented
with: "[[Government of Jamaica]]"
start: 1989-09
end: 1990-04
role: "registrant under the Foreign Agents Registration Act, registration 4294"
fn: 3
---
CounterTerrorism Consultants was a private consultancy in Washington, D.C., announced in August 1988 by the retired [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] counterterrorism supervisor [[Carter Cornick]] and the lawyer [[Eugene Propper]], who had prosecuted the 1976 murder of [[Orlando Letelier]]. It registered under the [[Foreign Agents Registration Act]] in September 1989 for the [[Government of Jamaica]], and by June 1990 it was a limited partnership at 2300 M Street NW whose twelve-page resume packet is preserved in the papers of the journalist [[Danny Casolaro]].
### Formation, 1988
On August 2, 1988, [[United Press International]] reported that Cornick, a veteran FBI special agent, and Propper, a former assistant United States attorney, had formed Counter Terrorism Consultants, Inc., to sell friendly foreign governments and multinational corporations "pro-active" strategies for preventing terrorist attacks and managing kidnapping and hijacking crises. Its stated clients were foreign "democratic" governments, airline and shipping companies and sponsors of large international gatherings such as the Olympic Games. Cornick was president; Propper, then an attorney with the Washington firm of [[Lane and Edson]], said he was a full partner who held no title.[^1]
The company's "investigative strategies" were to include identifying potential terrorist threats to a client, "amassing in-depth intelligence files for a client" and establishing liaison programs with national and international law enforcement and intelligence agencies, together with hostage negotiation and handling of the news media during a crisis, including media leak investigations. Cornick, who had developed "artificial intelligence" computer models of terrorist threats and behavior, said he would draw on a list of fifteen to twenty part-time consultants retired from the [[United States Secret Service]], the [[United States Department of State]], the [[United States Department of Justice]], the FBI and the [[Defense Investigative Service]]. "We're going to tell you what to do before the bomb goes off," Cornick said. The company was seeded with about $500,000 from "a lot" of investors whom the founders declined to name, and the founders said their success would not depend on classified information.[^1]
[[Robert Scherrer]], recently retired as the FBI's records chief and formerly the bureau's representative in [[Argentina]], joined as an active consultant, as did the former assistant United States attorney [[E. Lawrence Barcella]], then with [[Laxalt, Washington, Perito & Dubuc]], whom the company would call on for legal consultation on matters such as extradition procedures. UPI reported that the four men had worked together on the Letelier case, in which Propper was chief prosecutor, Barcella his deputy, Cornick the FBI agent in charge and Scherrer the source of the key piece of evidence linking the Chilean secret police to the murder, and on the 1978 investigation of the former CIA officer [[Edwin Wilson]].[^1]
A 1990 business book on corporate intelligence quoted Cornick as head of the Washington-based Counter-Terrorism Consultants and a former FBI counterterrorism official.[^2]
### Foreign Agents Registration Act registration, 1989 to 1990
The United States Department of Justice FARA registry lists CounterTerrorism Consultants, L.P., as registration number 4294, registered September 18, 1989 and terminated October 25, 1990, at 1800 Diagonal Road, Suite 230, [[Alexandria, Virginia]]. Its one foreign principal is the Government of Jamaica, of Kingston, registered September 18, 1989 and terminated April 15, 1990. Short forms dated September 18, 1989 and terminated October 25, 1990 name three individuals: Cornick, Propper and Gerald S. Walker.[^3] A Col. Gerald S. Walker of the U.S. Army was director of the School of Attaché Training at the Defense Intelligence College in 1987 and 1988; records found do not establish whether he is the Gerald S. Walker registered for the firm.[^4]
The Attorney General's report to Congress for 1988 through 1991 lists the registration under Jamaica with activities "None Reported," finances of $25,000.00 received prior to registration on September 18, 1989 and no receipts for the six months ending April 15, 1990, and political propaganda "None Reported."[^5] Lane and Edson, P.C., of 2300 M Street NW, held its own FARA registration (number 3286) from October 8, 1981 to November 8, 1988 for the Republic of Peru, with Propper among its short-form registrants.[^3]
### Corporate registrations
CounterTerrorism Consultants, L.P. was filed as a [[Delaware]] limited partnership, file number 2168210, on August 1, 1988, the day before the UPI report of the firm's formation.[^6] It registered in the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]] as a foreign limited partnership, file number 058088, on August 5, 1988. Its registered agent there was CounterTerrorism Consultants, Inc., at 2300 M Street NW, 8th floor. The District record shows a biennial report due April 1, 1989 as not filed, and the registration as revoked.[^7] [[Virginia]] holds foreign registrations for the partnership (M0059578) and for the corporation (F1012691).[^6]
The International Association of Chiefs of Police directory for 1988 lists "Cornick, Jr., L. Carter" as president of Counterterrorism Consultants Inc., 2300 M Street NW, Suite 800, with the telephone number printed on the 1990 packet.[^8] The 1990 edition of Washington Representatives lists the partnership at 1800 Diagonal Road, Suite 230, Alexandria, telephone (703) 683-6988, as foreign agent number 4294, with Cornick and Gerald S. Walker as its representatives for the Government of Jamaica.[^9] In January 1990 the Newhouse News Service described Cornick as a former FBI agent who "now heads a counterterrorism consulting company in Alexandria, Va."[^10]
### The resume packet, June 1990
The packet is a fax copy in the Casolaro files, folder "Promotional Material," bearing the archive's handwritten item reference "BD|AI|PM-05." The cover page reads "CounterTerrorism Consultants, L.P." and "Proudly Presents The Resumes of its Associates," with the preprinted footer "Suite 800, 2300 M Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037, (202)775-1364, Fax # (202) 293-3083." The fax header of the first page reads "JUN 20 '90 16:53" and "141 P01"; later pages carry the same counter with times of 16:54 (P03), 16:57 (P06), 17:00 (P11) and 17:01 (P12).[^11]
The packet describes seven associates. Cornick is co-founder and chief executive officer, responsible for the oversight of all operations; the entry states that he retired from the FBI on June 1, 1988, that he had headed the bureau's Terrorist Research and Analytical Center, and that he was the FBI representative to the Hostage Locating Task Force at the [[White House]]. Propper is the firm's co-founder, advising clients on criminal prosecutions, extradition, expulsion and the formulation of statutes and prosecutorial guidelines, and is described as head of the trial division at Lane and Edson. Barcella is an associate advising on the same subjects, described as the government's lead prosecutor in the [[TWA Flight 847]], [[Achille Lauro]] and TWA flight 840 cases and the Wilson-Terpil terrorism investigation, as co-counsel in the Letelier prosecutions, and as a partner at Laxalt, Washington, Perito & Dubuc.[^11]
A further associate entry, which carries no name, describes a former senior-level [[Central Intelligence Agency]] operations officer responsible for planning strategies for governments to deter and respond to terrorism and for intelligence data bases. It states that until his retirement and return from abroad in 1987 he represented the CIA overseas on international planning bodies connected with [[NATO]] organizations; that previously he was the agency's chief of counterterrorism, managed "the United States' first special intelligence team reactions to terrorist incidents overseas" and was its principal counterterrorism representative on White House, State Department and [[National Security Council]] committees; that for three years before that he was chief of a CIA facility in Europe and before that deputy in charge of the element responsible for paramilitary activities worldwide, overseeing air, maritime and ground paramilitary activities and an element monitoring worldwide crisis and instability situations; and that he was chief of the CIA air and maritime elements from 1974 through 1977. It adds that he was certified as a naval aviator and instructor pilot with the [[United States Navy]] before joining the agency and holds a B.A. in Business Administration from [[Adelphi University|Adelphi College]].[^11]
[[Francis J. McNeil]] is described as ambassador to [[Costa Rica]] from 1980 to 1983, three times deputy assistant secretary of state, and from 1984 senior deputy for intelligence and research; a handwritten note in the margin of that page reads "State Dept."[^11] [[James B. Motley]] is described as vice president for national security studies and programs at [[Wackenhut Advanced Technologies Corporation]] ("WATCO"), advising CTC clients in cases involving low-intensity conflict.[^11] [[Mayer Nudell]], with the handwritten margin note "FSO," is described as a veteran foreign service officer who held posts in El Salvador and Nicaragua, served in the State Department's Bureau of Inter-American Affairs and Office of Counterterrorism and Emergency Planning, and was formerly executive director of the Institute on Terrorism and Subnational Conflict; the packet states that he advises CTC clients on contingency planning and crisis management.[^11] The 1986 attendee list of a conference on car-bomb attacks gives Nudell as executive director of that institute, at 400 Timber Lane, Falls Church, Virginia.[^12]
### The 1985 symposium
The proceedings of the tenth annual Symposium on the Role of Behavioral Science in Physical Security, held at Springfield, Virginia, on April 23 and 24, 1985, list Cornick as a supervisory special agent of the FBI, Barcella as senior litigation counsel in the United States Attorney's Office presenting "Terrorism: The Law as an Effective Deterrent," and Motley as director of terrorist research and low-intensity conflict studies at the [[National Institute for Public Policy]]. Motley asked the panel whether a multinational military, paramilitary or law enforcement force would enhance international cooperation against state-sponsored terrorism.[^13]
### Wackenhut Advanced Technologies Corporation
WATCO was a wholly owned subsidiary of the [[Wackenhut Corporation]] at Reston, Virginia. The corporation's annual reports for 1985 and 1986 describe it as a technical consulting firm offering advanced security and engineering services to government and industry, with a Security Programs division selected to design the security system for the Department of Energy's nuclear device assembly facility at the Nevada Test Site, and a Systems division engaged in security systems for high-level installations.[^14] A Wackenhut newsletter states that WATCO specialized in applied research and development in nuclear safeguards and security policy, programs and systems.[^15] The packet gives Motley's tenure there as beginning in September 1987.[^11]
### Neighboring items in the Casolaro files
The packet is item PM-05 of the folder. The adjacent hand-numbered items are a brochure for the Inter-Probe modular energy transfer catalyzer (PM-01), a printed page numbered 207 on fuel air munitions (PM-02), a [[Brunswick Corporation]] defense division data package for the Rifleman's Assault Weapon for urban warfare dated October 1976 (PM-03) and a sales sheet of the defense division of [[Industrias Cardoen]] of Chile (PM-04).[^11] The same Casolaro papers include a folder of newspaper material on [[Frank Terpil]] and Edwin Wilson and the Wackenhut newsletters and reports.[^15]
### Footnotes
[^1]: "A group of top former FBI agents and federal...," United Press International, August 2, 1988, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/08/02/A-group-of-top-former-FBI-agents-and-federal/9684730900658/.
[^2]: George S. Roukis, Hugh Conway and Bruce H. Charnov, eds., *Global Corporate Intelligence: Opportunities, Technologies, and Threats in the 1990s* (New York: Quorum Books, 1990), p. 198 and index, https://archive.org/details/globalcorporatei00rouk.
[^3]: U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act public bulk files (registrants, foreign principals and short forms), registrations 4294 (CounterTerrorism Consultants, L.P.) and 3286 (Lane & Edson, P.C.), https://efile.fara.gov/bulk/zip/FARA_All_Registrants.csv.zip, https://efile.fara.gov/bulk/zip/FARA_All_ForeignPrincipals.csv.zip, https://efile.fara.gov/bulk/zip/FARA_All_ShortForms.csv.zip.
[^4]: Office of the Federal Register, *The United States Government Manual 1987/88* (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1987), p. 253, Defense Intelligence College staff listing, https://books.google.com/books?id=SD6ND5kU52QC&pg=PA253.
[^5]: U.S. Department of Justice, Report of the Attorney General to the Congress on the Administration of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, for the Calendar Years 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991, Volume 1, Jamaica section, entry "CounterTerrorism Consultants, L.P., #4294 (T90)," p. 599, https://www.justice.gov/media/910066/dl?inline.
[^6]: OpenCorporates, company records us_de/2168210 (CounterTerrorism Consultants, L.P., Delaware), us_va/M0059578 and us_va/F1012691 (Virginia), mirroring the Delaware Division of Corporations and Virginia State Corporation Commission registries, https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_de/2168210 ; Bizapedia, "Counterterrorism Consultants, L.P.," https://www.bizapedia.com/us/counterterrorism-consultants-lp.html (Delaware filing date August 1, 1988).
[^7]: District of Columbia Department of Licensing and Consumer Protection, Business One Stop Shop entity record 058088, Counterterrorism Consultants L.P., viewed October 8, 2026, https://boss.dc.gov.
[^8]: The Police Chief, vol. 55 (1988), p. 93, membership directory of the International Association of Chiefs of Police.
[^9]: Washington Representatives (Washington: Columbia Books, 1990), pp. 94 and 771 (the directory prints Cornick's name as "McCormick, L. Carter, Jr.").
[^10]: Hugh Vickery, "Airport bomb detectors' efficiency queried," Newhouse News Service, in The Times (Trenton, New Jersey), January 4, 1990, p. 41, https://www.newspapers.com/image/1196585158/.
[^11]: CounterTerrorism Consultants, L.P., "Proudly Presents The Resumes of its Associates," fax copy with header "JUN 20 '90," pages marked 141 P01 to P12, Danny Casolaro papers, folder "Promotional Material" (photographed by Christian Hansen), Internet Archive item casolaro-notebooks, file PromotionalMaterial.pdf, https://archive.org/details/casolaro-notebooks.
[^12]: *Conference on Car-Bomb Attack*, May 15 to 17, 1986, attendee list, Defense Technical Information Center ADA290884, https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA290884.
[^13]: *Supplemental Proceedings of the 10th Annual Symposium on the Role of Behavioral Science in Physical Security: Outthinking the Terrorist, an International Challenge*, Springfield, Virginia, April 23 to 24, 1985, program, participant list and discussion, Defense Technical Information Center ADA161669, https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA161669.
[^14]: The Wackenhut Corporation, annual reports for 1985 and 1986, sections on Wackenhut Advanced Technologies Corporation, Danny Casolaro papers, folder "Wackenhut-CompanyReportsannualQuarterly," https://archive.org/details/casolaro-notebooks.
[^15]: Wackenhut newsletter, undated issue, passage on The Wackenhut Advanced Technologies Corporation, Danny Casolaro papers, folder "Wackenhut-Newsletters," and folder "CIA Frank Terpil Renegades," https://archive.org/details/ddosecrets_casolaro_files.

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@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
---
category: "AI & Effective Altruism"
aliases:
- "Effective Altruism Foundation"
- "EAF"
- "EAF Foundation"
tags:
- Organization
- EffectiveAltruism
- OpenPhilanthropy
- Grantmaking
- Longtermism
- SufferingFocusedEthics
summary: "Effective altruism organization focused on reducing risks of future suffering, recipient of a 1,000,000-dollar Open Philanthropy grant in July 2019 and co-author of 2019 communication guidelines on discussing astronomical stakes."
relations:
- type: funded
with: "[[Open Philanthropy]]"
reverse: true
role: "1,000,000 dollars over two years, research and general operations"
start: 2019-07
fn: 1
- type: funded
with: "[[Open Philanthropy]]"
reverse: true
role: "15,358 dollars, April 2020; 375,000 dollars, October 2020; 697,268 dollars, January 2022; 200,000 dollars, April 2022"
start: 2020-04
end: 2022-04
fn: 2
created: 2026-10-08
updated: 2026-10-08
---
The Effective Altruism Foundation (EAF) is an organization in the [[Effective Altruism]] movement "whose values put a particular emphasis on trying to reduce the risks of future suffering," in the words of [[Open Philanthropy]]'s grant page. It wrote communication guidelines with the [[Foundational Research Institute]] (FRI) in 2019 and received five Open Philanthropy grants between July 2019 and April 2022.[^1]
### Open Philanthropy grants
Open Philanthropy's page for the July 2019 grant records 1,000,000 dollars over two years "to support some aspects of its research and general operations," filed under Effective Altruism Community Growth. The grant investigators were [[Nick Beckstead]] and [[Claire Zabel]]. The page states that the speculative and suffering-focused nature of EAF's work "means that it needs to be communicated about carefully, and could be counterproductive otherwise," that "we have felt ambivalent about EAF's work to date (despite feeling unambiguously positively about some of their projects)," and that "A major purpose of this grant is to encourage and support EAF and our other grantees in the space in taking approaches to longtermism with greater emphasis on shared objectives between different value systems."[^1]
Four later grant pages record 15,358 dollars in April 2020 (investigators [[Zachary Robinson]] and [[Alexander Berger]]), 375,000 dollars in October 2020 (investigator Robinson), 697,268 dollars in January 2022, and 200,000 dollars in April 2022. The first three are filed under Global Health and Development and describe research and advocacy on potential policy interventions in Europe in the field of development aid; the April 2022 grant is filed under Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness and describes work in the field of biosecurity.[^2]
### Guidelines for discussing astronomical stakes, 2019
"EAF's Guidelines for Discussing Astronomical Stakes (shared)" names as authors EAF and FRI ([[Jonas Vollmer]], [[Stefan Torges]], [[Lukas Gloor]] and [[David Althaus]]), gives "First written: March 2019; last updated: 10 September 2019," and asks readers to "ask Stefan" before sharing the document further. Its summary states that "we would like to avoid (inadvertently) contributing to strong forms of future pessimism because this could inspire unilateralist acts of aggression and violence." The document sets out four guidelines: minimize the risk of readers coming away contemplating causing extinction, be charitable and balanced, promote cooperation and compromise, and contextualize vivid descriptions of suffering. Under the first it states: "In general, we recommend writing about practical ways to reduce s-risk without mentioning how the future could be bad overall. We believe this will likely have similar positive results with fewer downsides because there are already many articles on theoretical questions." It states that EAF encourages readers to follow the guidelines "for all forms of public communication, including personal blogs, social media, essays, books, talks, meetups, and scholarly publications."[^3]
Under the second guideline the document lists works a writer "could consider referencing," among them Beckstead's "On the Overwhelming Importance of Shaping the Far Future," [[Carl Shulman]]'s "Moments of Bliss," and writings by [[Nick Bostrom]], [[William MacAskill]] and [[Toby Ord]]. It states: "We do not ask you to lie or distort your views." and "Whenever there are conflicts between cooperation and honesty that you can't resolve, we would like you to side with honesty."[^3]
The introduction states: "In response to us writing these guidelines, Nick Beckstead wrote guidelines for EAs focused on reducing existential risks to encourage other EA organizations (80k, CEA, CFAR, FHI, GPI, MIRI, and Open Phil) to communicate about the long-term future in a way that's more cooperative towards suffering-focused EAs." The organizations named are [[80,000 Hours]], the [[Centre for Effective Altruism]], the [[Center for Applied Rationality]], the [[Future of Humanity Institute]], the [[Global Priorities Institute]], the [[Machine Intelligence Research Institute]] and Open Philanthropy. Beckstead's document opens by saying "EAF has written its own set of guidelines intended for people writing about longtermism from a suffering-focused perspective."[^3][^4]
### Account by Simon Knutsson
[[Simon Knutsson]], then a doctoral student at [[Stockholm University]] and affiliated with FRI, wrote on his website in October 2019 that on July 18, 2019 Torges, one of EAF's co-executive directors, shared with him the two documents as Google documents, with a message beneath the links: "We're excited about this coordinated effort. Even though it means that we will promote future pessimism and s-risks to a lesser extent, we think the discourse about these topics will still be improved due to other more widely-read texts taking our perspective into account more." The message went on to say that EAF had given input on 80,000 Hours content and on Ord's forthcoming book on existential risk, and that "Nick also invited a number of people to the research retreat that we hosted in May."[^5]
Knutsson wrote: "Based on my conversation with Stefan, I understand the guidelines by EAF/FRI to be binding for those employed or funded by EAF/FRI, but they are also meant for independent researchers and university employees." He wrote: "I was told essentially that I could likely get funding in the future if I would follow the guidelines," and "Based on a conversation with a manager at EAF, I gather the grant might not have been made if EAF did not write their guidelines." He wrote that he did not endorse the guidelines, partly because he held a university position, and that on July 29, 2019 he proposed that his name be removed from the FRI website. He wrote that on July 26, 2019 Torges asked whether he had considered changing the title or abstract of a paper already accepted by a journal, an offer he declined.[^5]
Knutsson put questions to EAF and Open Philanthropy in October and November 2019, including whether the grant was conditioned on EAF writing or distributing guidelines. He reports that Torges replied on November 4 and 7, 2019 without answering them and that Open Philanthropy's communications officer, Michael Levine, replied on November 5 and 8 that the organization had nothing to add beyond the grant page.[^6][^7]
[[David Morris]] reports that Knutsson was shown the documents in June 2019, and that a second source, [[Magnus Vinding]], also saw them.[^8]
### Footnotes
[^1]: Open Philanthropy, "Effective Altruism Foundation: Research and Operations," grant page, award date July 2019, grant investigators Nick Beckstead and Claire Zabel, archived 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/2022id_/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/effective-altruism-foundation-research-and-operations/
[^2]: Open Philanthropy grant pages, Effective Altruism Foundation: "European Policy Research" (April 2020, 15,358 dollars; investigators Zachary Robinson and Alexander Berger), "European Policy Research and Advocacy" (October 2020, 375,000 dollars; investigator Zachary Robinson), "European Policy Research and Advocacy" (January 2022, 697,268 dollars) and "European Policy Research and Advocacy" (April 2022, 200,000 dollars, Biosecurity & Pandemic Preparedness), each archived 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/2022id_/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/effective-altruism-foundation-european-policy-research/ , https://web.archive.org/web/2022id_/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/effective-altruism-foundation-european-policy-research-and-advocacy/ , https://web.archive.org/web/2022id_/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/effective-altruism-foundation-european-policy-research-and-advocacy-2022/ and https://web.archive.org/web/2022id_/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/effective-altruism-foundation-european-policy-research-and-advocacy-2022-2/
[^3]: Effective Altruism Foundation and Foundational Research Institute, "EAF's Guidelines for Discussing Astronomical Stakes (shared)," first written March 2019, last updated September 10, 2019; copy hosted on simonknutsson.com, Wayback capture of October 30, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221030171253id_/https://www.simonknutsson.com/files/EAFs-Guidelines-for-Discussing-Astronomical-Stakes-2019-10-12.pdf
[^4]: Nick Beckstead, "Guidelines for Discussing Longtermism and Existential Risks," last updated July 3, 2019; Wayback capture of October 30, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221030163925id_/https://www.simonknutsson.com/files/Beckstead-Guidelines-for-Discussing-Longtermism-and-Existential-Risks-1.6.pdf
[^5]: Simon Knutsson, "Problems in effective altruism and existential risk and what to do about them," simonknutsson.com, published October 16, 2019, last updated July 1, 2022. https://www.simonknutsson.com/problems-in-effective-altruism-and-existential-risk-and-what-to-do-about-them/ Sole source for the July 2019 messages and the statements about funding and the grant; Knutsson describes himself as employed by Stockholm University.
[^6]: Simon Knutsson, "Message exchange with EAF," simonknutsson.com, November 12, 2019. https://www.simonknutsson.com/message-exchange-with-eaf/ Knutsson did not publish Torges's replies and summarizes them.
[^7]: Simon Knutsson, "E-mail exchange with the Open Philanthropy Project," simonknutsson.com, November 10, 2019. https://www.simonknutsson.com/e-mail-exchange-with-the-open-philanthropy-project Knutsson did not publish Levine's replies and summarizes them.
[^8]: David Morris, "'AI Safety' Research Is a Hallucination," Zero Knowledge, October 8, 2026. https://www.zero-knowledge.com/blog/ai-safety-research-techno-utopian-propaganda Sole source for the June 2019 date and for Vinding.

22
20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Open Philanthropy.md
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@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ summary: "Grantmaker of Dustin Moskovitz and Cari Tuna, renamed Coefficient Givi
location: "San Francisco, California"
start: 2011
relations:
- type: funded
with: "[[Effective Altruism Foundation]]"
role: "1,000,000 dollars over two years, research and general operations, July 2019"
start: 2019-07
fn: 22
- type: founded
with: "[[Dustin Moskovitz]]"
reverse: true
@ -84,7 +89,7 @@ relations:
role: "1,515,000 dollars in 2022"
fn: 18
created: 2026-06-19
updated: 2026-09-23
updated: 2026-10-08
---
Open Philanthropy is a grantmaking organization funded chiefly by [[Facebook]] and [[Asana]] cofounder [[Dustin Moskovitz]] and his wife [[Cari Tuna]], whose founders and many early employees, according to *[[Semafor]]*, "were sympathetic to the utilitarian philosophical movement known as [[Effective Altruism|effective altruism]]." Known earlier as GiveWell Labs, it was launched in 2011, and the couple's fortune has contributed most of the roughly 7 billion dollars it had given away by September 2026. It renamed itself Coefficient Giving in November 2025. Its chief executive since 2023, [[Alexander Berger]], said in 2026 that it had spent about a tenth of the [[Gates Foundation]]'s budget in 2025 and more than twice that so far in 2026; *Semafor* reported it was on track to give away 2 billion dollars in the year and called it "a favorite of Anthropic executives."[^1][^2]
@ -115,6 +120,16 @@ Redwood Research, a [[Berkeley]] AI-alignment nonprofit, announced in October 20
Open Philanthropy gave the [[Alignment Research Center]], founded by Paul Christiano, 265,000 dollars for general support in March 2022 and 1,250,000 dollars over two years in November 2022. The center incubated ARC Evals, which spun off in December 2023 as [[METR]].[^18][^19][^20] In September 2025 Open Philanthropy gave the RAND Corporation 10 million dollars over three years for Canary, "a collaboration between RAND and METR to develop advanced methods for evaluating AI systems," on the recommendation of [[Trevor Levin]] of its AI governance and policy team.[^21]
### Effective Altruism Foundation
Open Philanthropy's grant pages record five grants to the [[Effective Altruism Foundation]] (EAF). In July 2019 it recommended 1,000,000 dollars over two years "to support some aspects of its research and general operations," with Nick Beckstead and [[Claire Zabel]] as grant investigators. The page states that "we have felt ambivalent about EAF's work to date (despite feeling unambiguously positively about some of their projects)" and that "A major purpose of this grant is to encourage and support EAF and our other grantees in the space in taking approaches to longtermism with greater emphasis on shared objectives between different value systems."[^22]
Four later grants were recorded: 15,358 dollars in April 2020 (investigators [[Zachary Robinson]] and Alexander Berger), 375,000 dollars in October 2020 (investigator Robinson), 697,268 dollars in January 2022, all for research and advocacy on policy interventions in Europe in the field of development aid, and 200,000 dollars in April 2022 for work in biosecurity.[^23]
[[Simon Knutsson]] wrote in 2019 that he sent Open Philanthropy questions on October 31 and November 5 about whether the 2019 grant was conditioned on guidelines written by EAF, and that its communications officer replied on November 5 and 8 that the organization had nothing to add beyond the grant page.[^24]
On Open Philanthropy's share of effective altruism funding, two compilations give different figures for 2019. [[Benjamin Todd]] of [[80,000 Hours]] estimated in 2021 that effective altruism funding in 2019 was about 416 million dollars per year, of which about 260 million dollars came from Open Philanthropy (an average of its 2017 to 2019 grants taken from its grants database), 80 million dollars for GiveWell-recommended charities excluding Open Philanthropy was added to global health, and 30 million dollars per year was a guess for other longtermist and meta donations; he described all the figures as extremely rough. The ratio of 260 to 416 is 62.5 percent. A spreadsheet of grants compiled by a forum user and last updated November 7, 2023 lists Open Philanthropy at 196.6 million dollars of 306.1 million dollars in 2019, a share of 64.2 percent, and 236.9 million dollars of 407.5 million dollars in 2020, with the [[Survival and Flourishing Fund]] at 1.8 million dollars in 2019 and 5.4 million dollars in 2020. Its Open Philanthropy column sums to about 1.99 billion dollars for 2012 through 2022.[^25][^26]
### Footnotes
[^1]: Smith, Ben. "Coefficient Giving's CEO on Silicon Valley's $40 billion philanthropy boom." *Semafor,* September 3, 2026. https://www.semafor.com/article/09/03/2026/coefficient-givings-ceo-on-silicon-valley-40-billion-philanthropy-boom
@ -138,3 +153,8 @@ Open Philanthropy gave the [[Alignment Research Center]], founded by Paul Christ
[^19]: Open Philanthropy, "Alignment Research Center, General Support (November 2022)," archived. http://web.archive.org/web/20230512114157id_/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/alignment-research-center-general-support-november-2022/
[^20]: METR, "ARC Evals is now METR," December 4, 2023. https://metr.org/blog/2023-12-04-metr-announcement/
[^21]: Open Philanthropy, "RAND Corporation, AI Evaluation and Testing," September 2025, archived. http://web.archive.org/web/20251025225511id_/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/rand-corporation-ai-evaluation-and-testing/
[^22]: Open Philanthropy, "Effective Altruism Foundation: Research and Operations," grant page, award date July 2019, grant investigators Nick Beckstead and Claire Zabel. Archived 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/2022id_/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/effective-altruism-foundation-research-and-operations/
[^23]: Open Philanthropy grant pages for the Effective Altruism Foundation: April 2020, 15,358 dollars; October 2020, 375,000 dollars; January 2022, 697,268 dollars; April 2022, 200,000 dollars (Biosecurity & Pandemic Preparedness). Archived 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/2022id_/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/effective-altruism-foundation-european-policy-research/ , https://web.archive.org/web/2022id_/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/effective-altruism-foundation-european-policy-research-and-advocacy/ , https://web.archive.org/web/2022id_/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/effective-altruism-foundation-european-policy-research-and-advocacy-2022/ , https://web.archive.org/web/2022id_/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/effective-altruism-foundation-european-policy-research-and-advocacy-2022-2/
[^24]: Simon Knutsson, "E-mail exchange with the Open Philanthropy Project," simonknutsson.com, November 10, 2019. https://www.simonknutsson.com/e-mail-exchange-with-the-open-philanthropy-project Sole source; Knutsson did not publish the replies.
[^25]: Benjamin Todd, "How are resources in effective altruism allocated across issues?," 80,000 Hours, August 9, 2021, section on 2019 funding by cause area. https://80000hours.org/2021/08/effective-altruism-allocation-resources-cause-areas/
[^26]: "Historical EA funding data," spreadsheet linked from the Effective Altruism Forum post of that title, last updated November 7, 2023; columns OPP, GW, EAF (which in this sheet denotes the EA Funds, not the Effective Altruism Foundation), ACE, SFF, FTX, annual totals 2012 to 2023 (estimate). https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/ZbaDmowkXbTBsxvHn/historical-ea-funding-data Percentages and the 2012 to 2022 sum computed from the sheet's dollar figures.

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20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Wackenhut Corporation.md
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ aliases:
- Wackenhut
- G4S Secure Solutions
created: 2026-05-17
updated: 2026-09-23
updated: 2026-10-08
category: "Private Organization"
tags:
- Organization
@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ tags:
summary: "Florida security company founded in 1954 by former FBI agents, which gave the CIA cover in Miami from 1961 to 1967, kept files on millions of Americans, and allegedly modified PROMIS at Cabazon."
start: 1954-01-01
location: "Coral Gables, Florida"
relations:
- type: owned
with: "[[Wackenhut Advanced Technologies Corporation]]"
role: "wholly owned subsidiary at Reston, Virginia"
fn: 36
---
Wackenhut Corporation is a security and investigative firm founded in 1954 by [[George R. Wackenhut]] and three other former [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] Special Agents. Initially named [[Special Agent Investigators]], it expanded to physical security and was renamed Wackenhut Corporation in 1958. Headquartered in [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]], [[Florida]], Wackenhut grew to become one of the world's largest security and investigative firms, with operations across the United States and internationally. The [[San Francisco]] Chronicle described it as being "led by former officials of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], the Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Security Agency, Defense Department and federal law enforcement."[^1][^2]
@ -135,6 +140,14 @@ Beyond the Cabazon venture, Wackenhut was also implicated in other international
On July 13, 2009, [[Story Cowles]] wrote to [[Jeffrey Epstein]]: "Would you like to meet the wackenhut security candidates at your house, FSF or Jacks office. Friday is best for them." Epstein replied: "jacks off."[^34] A 24-page set of security officer reports on forms headed "G4S Wackenhut" covers the post at "358 El Brillo," Epstein's house in [[Palm Beach, Florida|Palm Beach]]; one report, for the night shift of November 16, 2009, marks the officer as armed and records hourly perimeter checks, an office door found ajar and a gym door open, and the officer monitoring the main entrance.[^35]
### Wackenhut Advanced Technologies Corporation
[[Wackenhut Advanced Technologies Corporation]] (WATCO) was a wholly owned subsidiary at Reston, Virginia, which the corporation's annual reports for 1985 and 1986 describe as a unique technical consulting firm offering advanced security and engineering services to government and industry, including sensor design, signal processing, systems integration, robotics and mobile intrusion detection systems, special weapons systems security and technology transfer. It contained the NUSAC division (nuclear material control and accounting, quality assurance), a Security Programs division and a Systems division.[^36] The 1985 report states that the Security Programs division was selected to formulate the conceptual design of the security system for the nuclear device assembly facility to be built at the Department of Energy's Nevada Test Site; the 1986 report adds selection for the security system conceptual analysis and design engineering of the new National Training Center of the Department of State's Foreign Service Institute, and completion of a turnkey integrated perimeter and access control system for the federal government at an overseas location.[^36]
A Wackenhut newsletter describes WATCO as specializing in applied research and development in nuclear safeguards and security policy, programs and systems, places it beside Stellar Systems, Inc., of Santa Clara, California, and states that its Security Programs Division worked with the Wackenhut Training Institute. WATCO developed a Touchscreen Station, a security station replacing multiple keystroke entries with single touch commands for alarms, access control, closed-circuit television and other sensors, and the newsletter notes that three WATCO officers, each a former Army officer with law enforcement or security experience, earned Certified Protection Professional status in the same year.[^37] A Wackenhut nuclear services brochure in the same papers also lists a Wackenhut Anti-Terrorism and Crisis Management Division.[^38]
From September 1987 WATCO's vice president for national security studies and programs was [[James B. Motley]], a retired Army colonel who in 1984 and 1985 had been director of terrorist research and low-intensity conflict studies at the [[National Institute for Public Policy]]. A June 20, 1990 resume packet of [[Counter Terrorism Consultants, Inc.]], the Washington firm of the former FBI counterterrorism supervisor [[Carter Cornick]] and the Letelier prosecutor [[Eugene Propper]], lists him as an associate of that firm and states that at WATCO he directs operational analyses and assessments of national security issues.[^39]
### End of Wackenhut
The Wackenhut/Cabazon Joint Venture was terminated on October 1, 1984, following Robert Frye's heart attack. Its activities subsequently became the subject of numerous investigations by entities such as the U.S. Department of Justice, the [[United States House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary|House Judiciary Committee on Inslaw]], [[U.S. Customs]], and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, as well as various police agencies and media outlets worldwide.[^1]
@ -176,3 +189,7 @@ The Wackenhut/Cabazon Joint Venture was terminated on October 1, 1984, following
[^33]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992.
[^34]: Epstein, Jeffrey, reply to Story Cowles, "Re: Wackenhut," email, July 13, 2009, U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01829732. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01829732.pdf
[^35]: G4S Wackenhut, Security Officer Reports, client facility "358 El Brillo," November 2009, U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01157725. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01157725.pdf
[^36]: The Wackenhut Corporation, annual reports for 1985 and 1986, sections on Wackenhut Advanced Technologies Corporation, Danny Casolaro papers, folder "Wackenhut-CompanyReportsannualQuarterly," https://archive.org/details/casolaro-notebooks.
[^37]: Wackenhut newsletter (titled *Pipeline* in the scan), undated issue, passages on The Wackenhut Advanced Technologies Corporation, WATCO's Touchscreen Station and "New CPP's at WATCO," Danny Casolaro papers, folder "Wackenhut-Newsletters," https://archive.org/details/casolaro-notebooks.
[^38]: Wackenhut Corporation, nuclear services brochure, undated, Danny Casolaro papers, folder "Wackenhut - Newsletters," https://archive.org/details/ddosecrets_casolaro_files.
[^39]: CounterTerrorism Consultants, L.P., "Proudly Presents The Resumes of its Associates," fax copy dated June 20, 1990, pages 141 P10 and 141 P11, Danny Casolaro papers, folder "Promotional Material," https://archive.org/details/casolaro-notebooks.