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20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Banco Ambrosiano.md
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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Banco Ambrosiano was founded in Milan in 1896 as a Catholic-oriented private ban
### Growth under Calvi
Calvi became chairman in 1975 and used the bank's Catholic institutional identity and its relationship with the [[Vatican Bank|Vatican Bank (IOR)]] to build an international financial empire that operated substantially outside Italian regulatory oversight. The key mechanism was a network of offshore subsidiaries and shell companies - in Luxembourg (Banco Ambrosiano Holdings S.A.), Panama, Nicaragua, and Peru - that issued inter-company loans that did not appear on the Italian parent's consolidated balance sheet.
Calvi became chairman in 1975 and used the bank's Catholic institutional identity and its relationship with the [[Vatican Bank|Vatican Bank (IOR)]] - whose president was Archbishop [[Paul Marcinkus]] - to build an international financial empire that operated substantially outside Italian regulatory oversight. The key mechanism was a network of offshore subsidiaries and shell companies - in Luxembourg (Banco Ambrosiano Holdings S.A.), Panama, Nicaragua, and Peru - that issued inter-company loans that did not appear on the Italian parent's consolidated balance sheet.
The Vatican Bank participated in this network both as a nominal shareholder in several offshore companies and as the issuer of "letters of patronage" to international banks that had lent to the offshore entities. These letters, while falling short of formal guarantees, implied Vatican backing and allowed the offshore companies to borrow from international banks that would not otherwise have extended credit.[^1]

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20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Propaganda Due.md
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@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ Under Gelli's direction, P2 became a membership organization for individuals acr
The 962-name list discovered at Gelli's villa represented current active members as of 1981. Significant members included:
In the intelligence services: the directors of SISMI (military intelligence), SISDE (civilian intelligence), and CESIS (intelligence coordination), giving P2 effective organizational control of Italy's intelligence apparatus at the moment of discovery.
In the intelligence services: the directors of [[SISMI]] (military intelligence), SISDE (civilian intelligence), and CESIS (intelligence coordination), giving P2 effective organizational control of Italy's intelligence apparatus at the moment of discovery.
In the financial sector: [[Roberto Calvi]], chairman of Banco Ambrosiano; [[Michele Sindona]], the Sicilian financier who operated as an intermediary between the Vatican Bank, the Sicilian Mafia, and American organized crime before his 1980 conviction for bank fraud; and multiple senior figures from Italian banking.
In politics and media: [[Silvio Berlusconi]] (membership number 1816), at the time building his Mediaset television empire; multiple parliamentary deputies and ministers from the Democrazia Cristiana, the Socialist Party, and other parties; and editors of several national newspapers.
The military members included figures from the Ordine Nuovo and other post-fascist organizations who were simultaneously under investigation for their roles in the strategy of tension bombings.[^2]
The military members included figures from [[Ordine Nuovo]] and other post-fascist organizations who were simultaneously under investigation for their roles in the [[Piazza Fontana bombing]] and [[Bologna railway station bombing]].[^2]
### Connection to Operation Gladio