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2
40 - EVENTS/TERRORISM/Bologna railway station bombing.md
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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Federico Umberto D'Amato, the head of the Interior Ministry's Office of Confiden
### The 2007 Verdict and Further Proceedings
In 2007, Italian courts convicted Gelli, former SISMI officer Pietro Musumeci, and former SISMI officer Giuseppe Belmonte of slander and political conspiracy for their roles in the cover-up. A 2020 Italian court ruling imposed additional convictions related to the obstruction network. The Italian judicial proceedings into the Bologna massacre continued for four decades, making it among the most extensively litigated events in postwar Italian history.
In 2007, Italian courts convicted Gelli, former SISMI officer Pietro Musumeci, former SISMI officer Giuseppe Belmonte, and SISMI agent Francesco Pazienza of slander and political conspiracy for their roles in the cover-up, which included fabricating a "Terror on Trains" dossier that falsely attributed the bombing to international terrorists and planting a suitcase of explosives on a train to support the false narrative. A 2020 Italian court ruling imposed additional convictions related to the obstruction network. The Italian judicial proceedings into the Bologna massacre continued for four decades, making it among the most extensively litigated events in postwar Italian history.
Gilberto Cavallini, a NAR leader, was convicted in 2020 of participation in the massacre, further establishing the extent of the neofascist network involved.[^2]

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40 - EVENTS/TERRORISM/Piazza Fontana bombing.md
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@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ The judicial path was exceptionally tortured. Freda and Ventura were acquitted a
In 1984, Vincenzo Vinciguerra, an Ordine Nuovo member imprisoned for the 1972 [[Peteano bombing]] who had become a state's witness, testified that Italian stay-behind networks connected to [[NATO]] had organized the strategy of tension attacks, with neofascist operatives as the instruments and military intelligence as the protection mechanism. His testimony described a network in which genuine neofascist terrorists provided deniable operational capacity for attacks that served state intelligence purposes.[^1]
In 2005, Freda and Ventura were definitively convicted of participating in the Piazza Fontana bombing by the Italian Court of Cassation, though both had already served their statutes of limitations from the Peteano convictions. No person was imprisoned specifically for the Piazza Fontana attack despite the judicial determination of responsibility.[^2]
In a May 3, 2005 ruling, the Italian Court of Cassation found that Freda and Ventura had carried out the attack, but could not convict them: both had been definitively acquitted in 1987, and the ne bis in idem (double jeopardy) principle barred retrial. The court's finding of moral responsibility without criminal punishment is the final judicial word on the massacre. No individual was ever imprisoned specifically for the Piazza Fontana attack.[^2]
### Strategy of Tension Context