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10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Prince Andrew.md
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@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ relations:
role: "defendant"
start: 2021-08-09
end: 2022-03-08
fn: 21
fn: 30
- type: investigated
with: "[[Thames Valley Police]]"
reverse: true
role: "arrested on suspicion of misconduct in public office; released under investigation"
start: 2026-02-19
fn: 28
fn: 37
- type: relative_of
with: "[[Elizabeth II]]"
role: "son"
@ -42,12 +42,27 @@ relations:
with: "[[Cantor Fitzgerald]]"
start: 2013-08-29
role: 'the "PA" of the August 29, 2013 Cantor Fitzgerald term sheet "from Howard to PA" for a joint venture, Cantor Urramoor Asset Management (preliminary draft), and of a November 2013 draft referral agreement (unsigned); the BBC reported on July 14, 2026 that the deal "came to nothing"'
fn: 6
fn: 16
- type: advised_by
with: "[[David Stern (business adviser)]]"
start: 2013-07-10
role: "described by the BBC (July 14, 2026) as \"the prince's business aide\"; sender of the July 10, 2013 note \"Just met him with PA\" and of the September 2, 2013 exchange on the Cantor term sheet"
fn: 8
fn: 18
- type: advised_by
with: "[[Witan Limited]]"
start: 2011-02-28
role: 'David Stern wrote to Epstein on February 28, 2011 that "PA likes it" of the new name for his UK company; the company, formerly Asia Gateway Limited, was renamed Witan Limited on August 16, 2012'
fn: 5
- type: visited
with: "[[Andreessen Horowitz]]"
start: 2013-06-26
role: 'lunch hosted by Steven Sinofsky; the Duke''s private secretary wrote on June 28, 2013 that "The Duke was fascinated by the Andressen Horowitz model"'
fn: 9
- type: declined_board_seat_of
with: "[[Knowledge Crossing]]"
start: 2013-07-26
role: 'wrote to Gary Winnick that he had "been advised that I should not take up the position on the board" while offering to "continue to help"'
fn: 11
---
Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor (born February 19, 1960) is the second son of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Prince Philip|Prince Philip]]. He served in the Royal Navy, including during the 1982 Falklands War, and held the title Duke of York from his 1986 marriage to [[Sarah Ferguson|Sarah Ferguson]]. His association with [[Jeffrey Epstein|Jeffrey Epstein]] and [[Ghislaine Maxwell|Ghislaine Maxwell]] became the subject of sustained press coverage, a 2019 [[BBC|BBC]] interview, a 2021 civil lawsuit brought by [[Virginia Giuffre|Virginia Giuffre]], and a 2022 settlement. In late 2025 King [[Charles III|Charles III]] initiated the removal of Andrew's royal style and titles, after which he is known as Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor. Andrew has consistently denied Giuffre's allegations.[^1][^2]
@ -64,71 +79,85 @@ Andrew served as a [[United Kingdom]] trade envoy, a Special Representative for
The dinner at the townhouse was organized by the publicist [[Peggy Siegal]]. Writing to the ABC News anchor [[George Stephanopoulos]] on December 1, 2010, she said: "I am putting together a very last minute casual dinner for Prince Andrew, who is in New York on an unofficial private visit. Please come and bring [your wife]. The list for far...and we are keeping this private and small... Prince Andrew, [[Woody Allen]] and [[Soon-Yi Previn|Soon-Yi]], [[Katie Couric]]....Jeffrey Epstein, where Andrew is staying. Jeffrey's house is one the largest single dwellings in New York...it's beautiful." Stephanopoulos accepted ("We'd love to Peggy...thanks...right around the corner from our house!"), and Siegal replied that the dinner would begin at 8 p.m., "So come on time and you will have private time with Andrew because he is staying at the house." On December 2 Stephanopoulos wrote that he could still come but his wife, [[Ali Wentworth]], could not; Siegal answered, "OK...we will take a chair away." The chain was preserved in Epstein's email account.[^3] Epstein had been released from his Florida sentence seventeen months earlier.
### Business Correspondence, 2010 to 2013
On December 2, 2010 an account displayed as "The Duke" forwarded to Jeffrey Epstein a request of September 30, 2010 to Andrew, copied to his private secretary [[Amanda Thirsk]], from the managing partner of [[Concord Investment Partners]] Holdings, [[Ed Scott]]. It asked for an introduction to "the appropriate senior banker at Barclays or RBS" for a "$200 million working capital line" for [[Aria Petroleum]], described as "Central Asia's 2nd largest fuel distribution company" and "the preferred vendor of US DoD Defense Logistics." The Duke's covering text to Epstein, signed "HRH The Duke of York KG," reads: "I should have done something about this but not sure if the office did. I am checking but as this is a US institution do you know of anyone who might like to take a look?" Epstein forwarded it to [[Jes Staley]] of [[JPMorgan Chase]] that evening with the single word "FYI."[^4] The message is dated the day after Peggy Siegal wrote that Andrew was "staying at the house" on the dinner list described above.
On February 28, 2011 [[David Stern (business adviser)|David Stern]] wrote to Epstein: "New company name: WITAN. What do you think? PA likes it and since he did not know what it was when I told him it should be safe." Epstein answered "yes." A message to Epstein of February 21, 2011, with the sender line redacted, quotes an earlier proposed name, "STERLING," followed by the text: "PA says to Starling: 'No. Nasty dirty little bird that flocks and shits.'" The company was Asia Gateway Limited (company no. 05579668), which Companies House records as renamed Witan Limited on August 16, 2012. On February 25 Stern wrote that it would be "my UK private company for PA etc. affairs."[^5][^6] On March 1, 2011 he relayed to Epstein a message from the Duke about a Tim Collins: "PA told him that I have his full trust and Collins would be a fool not to do business with me."[^7]
On June 7, 2013 Stern asked Epstein: "PA is in [[Silicon Valley]] on 25 & 26 June. Anyone you want him to see ?" Epstein answered "Yes , Steve sinofsky," and wrote to [[Steven Sinofsky]], formerly of [[Microsoft]]: "PA is prince andrew." Sinofsky replied, "Do you want me to get him any meetings? Can I help with any folks? A dinner? ... I think he would love spending an hour hearing startup guys pitch their products."[^8] On June 19 a message to Epstein read "Arranged: Steve Sinofsky will host a lunch for PA at [[Andreessen Horowitz]]." On June 28 Sinofsky forwarded to Epstein a message to him from Thirsk, signed "Private Secretary HRH The Duke of York, KG": "Thank you so much for wednesday - it was so interesting. The Duke was fascinated by the Andressen Horowitz model and found the discussion incredibly stimulating. The portfolio companies were stunning - such incredible energy and vision. I really hope we can help them in terms of their UK aspirations. More widely lots to think about in terms of HRH's aspirations any thoughts observations would be greatly appreciated."[^9] On July 10 Stern wrote to Sinofsky, "There are some very interesting ideas with The Duke involved that I would love to discuss," and Sinofsky asked Epstein, "Do I do this?" Epstein replied "your call."[^10]
On July 26, 2013 a message from "The Duke" to the financier [[Gary Winnick]], copied to Thirsk, was forwarded to Epstein with the subject "[[Knowledge Crossing]]." Andrew wrote that he had "been beavering away with your request to become a member of your advisory board" and "sought higher command consultation," and that "I have been advised that I should not take up the position on the board as you would have liked but that I could and should continue to help you in all you are trying to do with Knowledge Crossing both here in the UK and overseas." The reason given was "the precedent it would set and the consequential 'perceived' point that there would be some sort of compensation. The way we do philanthropic activity here is to become Patron rather than sit on the Board of Trustees," with an exception for a royal charity or social enterprise. He added: "I know you saw David Stern whilst he was in California a week or so ago ... I will be seeing him after the Summer Recess to discuss your discussion and other things."[^11]
On August 28, 2013, the day before the date of the [[Cantor Fitzgerald]] term sheet, a message to Epstein with the sender line redacted, whose writer refers to "my entity Witan," read: "PA has access to decision makers and capital (but no deal flow) such as China, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait,.... [[Kleinwort Benson]] is a UK bank with merchant banking aspirations, and wanting to do international deals. What is the right structure to combine this? I am the connecting piece joining Kleinwort formally? What are the terms? Or JV with my entity Witan ?"[^12] The documents contain no reply.
In the [[Newsnight]] interview broadcast on BBC Two on November 16, 2019, [[Emily Maitlis]] asked Andrew about Epstein's 2008 conviction and he answered: "I ceased contact with him after I was aware that he was under investigation and that was later in 2006 and I wasn't in touch with him again until 2010." Of the December 2010 visit he said that "we decided that we would part company and I left, I think it was the next day and to this day I never had any contact with him from that day forward."[^13]
### The 2013 Cantor Fitzgerald Proposal
On July 10, 2013 [[David Stern (business adviser)|David Stern]], whom the BBC describes as "the prince's business aide," wrote to Jeffrey Epstein: "What is your view on Howard Lutnick ? Just met him with PA." Epstein replied twenty-three minutes later, by the header times: "My neighbor smart." The documents do not state where the meeting took place or expand "PA."[^4]
On July 10, 2013 David Stern, whom the BBC describes as "the prince's business aide," wrote to Jeffrey Epstein: "What is your view on Howard Lutnick ? Just met him with PA." Epstein replied twenty-three minutes later, by the header times: "My neighbor smart." The documents do not state where the meeting took place or expand "PA."[^14]
On August 9, 2013 a message displayed as sent by "The Duke" forwarded to Stern a solicitor's attendance note of an August 8 telephone call to [[New York City|New York]], filed under "Urramoor" and headed "HL Asset Management etc." Stern sent it on to Epstein under the subject "HL Loan - CD/SM call note 8.8.13." The note records that "It is common ground that no PG will be required from AC" and that "the commitment by AC to contribute any profits derived from the similar activity carried on outside the assets management company would be acceptable until such time as the debt was repaid." Epstein answered: "no no no no no, howards main businesss is gambing in las vegas. he will have to disclose to the las vegas commsion his arrangeent and you will have holy hell to pay."[^5]
On August 9, 2013 a message displayed as sent by "The Duke" forwarded to Stern a solicitor's attendance note of an August 8 telephone call to [[New York City|New York]], filed under "Urramoor" and headed "HL Asset Management etc." Stern sent it on to Epstein under the subject "HL Loan - CD/SM call note 8.8.13." The note records that "It is common ground that no PG will be required from AC" and that "the commitment by AC to contribute any profits derived from the similar activity carried on outside the assets management company would be acceptable until such time as the debt was repaid." Epstein answered: "no no no no no, howards main businesss is gambing in las vegas. he will have to disclose to the las vegas commsion his arrangeent and you will have holy hell to pay."[^15]
A term sheet dated August 29, 2013, "Preliminary Draft for Discussion Purposes Only," described a joint venture "to be known as Cantor Urramoor Asset Management" between a wholly owned subsidiary of [[Cantor Fitzgerald]] and "[Urramoor], an entity owned by a trust created by Mr. T." It provided that "the Company would advance the sum of £1,000,000 to Urramoor which would accrue interest at an annual rate of 3.5%, compounded annually," and that "Mr. T would refer all business opportunities (including his affiliates' business opportunities) to the Company." It ends: "It is not a commitment to form the Company, either express or implied." On September 2, 2013 Stern forwarded it to Epstein as "term sheet from Howard to PA. I think madness. They are still at it. We kill it ?" Epstein proposed a counter: "fifty fifty split, first 1 millino to offset loan, no subs acting without written agreement as to fee and profits . no exclusivity." Stern asked, "Instead of 50/50, can we do 40/40/20 ? 20 for me.... This is original PA idea," and Epstein answered "yes."[^6]
A term sheet dated August 29, 2013, "Preliminary Draft for Discussion Purposes Only," described a joint venture "to be known as Cantor Urramoor Asset Management" between a wholly owned subsidiary of Cantor Fitzgerald and "[Urramoor], an entity owned by a trust created by Mr. T." It provided that "the Company would advance the sum of £1,000,000 to Urramoor which would accrue interest at an annual rate of 3.5%, compounded annually," and that "Mr. T would refer all business opportunities (including his affiliates' business opportunities) to the Company." It ends: "It is not a commitment to form the Company, either express or implied." On September 2, 2013 Stern forwarded it to Epstein as "term sheet from Howard to PA. I think madness. They are still at it. We kill it ?" Epstein proposed a counter: "fifty fifty split, first 1 millino to offset loan, no subs acting without written agreement as to fee and profits . no exclusivity." Stern asked, "Instead of 50/50, can we do 40/40/20 ? 20 for me.... This is original PA idea," and Epstein answered "yes."[^16]
A draft "Agreement for Referrals" of November 2013 between Cantor Opportunities, LLC and "Urramoor Limited," with blank signature blocks and a joinder line headed "David Stern," replaced the joint venture with a referral arrangement in which a referral fee to Cantor "would be split 50/50 with UML." On November 16, 2013 Stern asked Epstein, "Have you seen Cantor Fitzgerald proposal?" and Epstein replied "goofy."[^7]
A draft "Agreement for Referrals" of November 2013 between Cantor Opportunities, LLC and "Urramoor Limited," with blank signature blocks and a joinder line headed "David Stern," replaced the joint venture with a referral arrangement in which a referral fee to Cantor "would be split 50/50 with UML." On November 16, 2013 Stern asked Epstein, "Have you seen Cantor Fitzgerald proposal?" and Epstein replied "goofy."[^17]
[[Companies House]] lists Urramoor Limited (company number 08424933, incorporated February 28, 2013, dissolved April 1, 2025) with a person with significant control named "Hrh Andrew Inverness," notified April 6, 2016, whose nature of control is "Has significant influence or control over the trustees of a trust."[^5]
[[Companies House]] lists Urramoor Limited (company number 08424933, incorporated February 28, 2013, dissolved April 1, 2025) with a person with significant control named "Hrh Andrew Inverness," notified April 6, 2016, whose nature of control is "Has significant influence or control over the trustees of a trust."[^15]
The BBC reported on July 14, 2026 that [[Simon Andriesz]] found in the released files that a firm of [[Howard Lutnick]] "had made plans in 2013 to go into business with" Andrew, and that "Under the proposed terms of the deal, £1m would be loaned to a firm controlled by the prince, which would then be bound to do business exclusively with Cantor Fitzgerald." The BBC wrote that Lutnick "had been friends with Ferguson" (Andrew's former wife, Sarah Ferguson) "since the 1990s and was a guest at Princess Eugenie's wedding in 2018," and that advisers to both sides "discussed the deal for four months, from August to November 2013, but it came to nothing." Cantor Fitzgerald "did not deny the talks took place but told the BBC it did not go into business with the former prince." Andrew "did not respond to a request for comment."[^8]
The BBC reported on July 14, 2026 that [[Simon Andriesz]] found in the released files that a firm of [[Howard Lutnick]] "had made plans in 2013 to go into business with" Andrew, and that "Under the proposed terms of the deal, £1m would be loaned to a firm controlled by the prince, which would then be bound to do business exclusively with Cantor Fitzgerald." The BBC wrote that Lutnick "had been friends with Ferguson" (Andrew's former wife, Sarah Ferguson) "since the 1990s and was a guest at Princess Eugenie's wedding in 2018," and that advisers to both sides "discussed the deal for four months, from August to November 2013, but it came to nothing." Cantor Fitzgerald "did not deny the talks took place but told the BBC it did not go into business with the former prince." Andrew "did not respond to a request for comment."[^18]
### JPMorgan's Project Jeep Review
After Epstein's July 2019 arrest, [[JPMorgan Chase|JPMorgan]]'s compliance staff reviewed his correspondence with the bank's executives in an internal project code-named "Project Jeep." Its October 2019 summary, quoted by the [[United States Virgin Islands]] in its 2023 suit against the bank, stated: "Jeffrey Epstein appears to maintain a particularly close relationship with Prince Andrew the [Duke] of York and Lord Peter Mandelson, a senior member of the British Government. He also appears to have a close relationship with Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem who is a senior [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] official involved in ownership of the Dubai Ports."[^9] [[Peter Mandelson]] had been business secretary from 2008 to 2010, while Andrew was trade envoy; [[Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem]] then headed the Dubai ports operator [[DP World]].[^10][^11]
After Epstein's July 2019 arrest, JPMorgan's compliance staff reviewed his correspondence with the bank's executives in an internal project code-named "Project Jeep." Its October 2019 summary, quoted by the [[United States Virgin Islands]] in its 2023 suit against the bank, stated: "Jeffrey Epstein appears to maintain a particularly close relationship with Prince Andrew the [Duke] of York and Lord Peter Mandelson, a senior member of the British Government. He also appears to have a close relationship with Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem who is a senior [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] official involved in ownership of the Dubai Ports."[^19] [[Peter Mandelson]] had been business secretary from 2008 to 2010, while Andrew was trade envoy; [[Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem]] then headed the Dubai ports operator [[DP World]].[^20][^21]
On January 6, 2015 a correspondent whose name is redacted wrote to Epstein's personal email address: "What hidden cameras in guest room walls?" The message contained only a link to a *[[Daily Mirror|Mirror]]* article whose address read "prince-andrew-been-secretly-filmed."[^12]
On January 6, 2015 a correspondent whose name is redacted wrote to Epstein's personal email address: "What hidden cameras in guest room walls?" The message contained only a link to a *[[Daily Mirror|Mirror]]* article whose address read "prince-andrew-been-secretly-filmed."[^22]
### The Mutual Legal Assistance Request
On June 8, 2020, after *The Hill* reported that prosecutors in New York had asked to question Andrew, an agent in the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]'s New York field office forwarded the story to a supervisor with the question: "what's the latest with the Epstein case? Anything new on this MLAT request for Prince Andrew?" Another agent in the chain wrote that "[[U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York|SDNY]] planned on speaking with the USA a week or so ago," referring to the [[Southern District of New York]] and the [[United States]] Attorney.[^13]
On June 8, 2020, after *The Hill* reported that prosecutors in New York had asked to question Andrew, an agent in the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]'s New York field office forwarded the story to a supervisor with the question: "what's the latest with the Epstein case? Anything new on this MLAT request for Prince Andrew?" Another agent in the chain wrote that "[[U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York|SDNY]] planned on speaking with the USA a week or so ago," referring to the [[Southern District of New York]] and the [[United States]] Attorney.[^23]
### The 2001 Photograph
A photograph dated to March 2001 shows Andrew with his arm around the waist of Giuffre, then 17, with Maxwell standing behind them in a doorway. According to the account associated with the image and with Giuffre's later filings, the photograph was taken at Maxwell's home in the Belgravia district of London. The Mail on Sunday published a cropped version of the photograph in 2011 and the full image circulated in 2019.[^14]
A photograph dated to March 2001 shows Andrew with his arm around the waist of Giuffre, then 17, with Maxwell standing behind them in a doorway. According to the account associated with the image and with Giuffre's later filings, the photograph was taken at Maxwell's home in the Belgravia district of London. The Mail on Sunday published a cropped version of the photograph in 2011 and the full image circulated in 2019.[^24]
Giuffre said she had been flown to London by Epstein, had gone to the [[Tramp (nightclub)|Tramp]] nightclub with Andrew and others on the evening of March 10, 2001, and was then directed to have sex with Andrew at Maxwell's Belgravia house, an account Andrew has denied. Andrew questioned the photograph in public statements, saying in 2019 he had "no recollection" of the image being taken and could not confirm whether it had been doctored, while noting he was not in the habit of wearing the clothes shown. Maxwell, in her own statements, has at points cast doubt on the surrounding account. The *Mirror* reported that Giuffre's lawyers held the original photograph, and questions about the absence of the negative recurred in commentary.[^14] In her posthumous memoir [[Nobody's Girl]], Giuffre wrote that Epstein himself took the photograph.[^15]
Giuffre said she had been flown to London by Epstein, had gone to the [[Tramp (nightclub)|Tramp]] nightclub with Andrew and others on the evening of March 10, 2001, and was then directed to have sex with Andrew at Maxwell's Belgravia house, an account Andrew has denied. Andrew questioned the photograph in public statements, saying in 2019 he had "no recollection" of the image being taken and could not confirm whether it had been doctored, while noting he was not in the habit of wearing the clothes shown. Maxwell, in her own statements, has at points cast doubt on the surrounding account. The *Mirror* reported that Giuffre's lawyers held the original photograph, and questions about the absence of the negative recurred in commentary.[^24] In her posthumous memoir [[Nobody's Girl]], Giuffre wrote that Epstein himself took the photograph.[^25]
Andrew also addressed the photograph in the 2019 interview by saying the clothing and the setting did not match his recollection and by raising what he described as inconsistencies, while Maitlis pressed him on why he could not simply confirm or deny that he had been at the locations Giuffre described. He maintained that he had no memory of ever meeting Giuffre.[^16]
Asked in the 2019 interview about the photograph of him with Giuffre, Andrew said: "Nobody can prove whether or not that photograph has been doctored but I don't recollect that photograph ever being taken." Asked about her account, he said: "I have no recollection of ever meeting this lady, none whatsoever."[^13]
### The Sjoberg Deposition and Other Testimony
[[Johanna Sjoberg]], who worked for Epstein as a masseuse, testified in a 2016 deposition in [[Giuffre v. Maxwell]] that in 2001, when she was 21, she was at Epstein's Manhattan home with Andrew and Giuffre when Maxwell took her to fetch a caricature puppet of Andrew from the satirical television series [[Spitting Image]]. She testified that she sat on Andrew's lap while Giuffre sat beside him with the puppet on her lap, that the group was photographed with the puppet's hand placed on Giuffre's breast, and that Andrew then put his hand on Sjoberg's breast. Asked about the puppet in her own deposition, Maxwell said: "Not a puppet. I don't know how you would describe it. A caricature of Prince Andrew," and "I recollect the puppet but I don't recollect anything around the puppet." Buckingham Palace had earlier called Sjoberg's allegations "categorically untrue." After the deposition was released in the January 2024 unsealing, the [[Metropolitan Police]] said: "No investigation has been launched."[^17]
[[Johanna Sjoberg]], who worked for Epstein as a masseuse, testified in a 2016 deposition in [[Giuffre v. Maxwell]] that in 2001, when she was 21, she was at Epstein's Manhattan home with Andrew and Giuffre when Maxwell took her to fetch a caricature puppet of Andrew from the satirical television series [[Spitting Image]]. She testified that she sat on Andrew's lap while Giuffre sat beside him with the puppet on her lap, that the group was photographed with the puppet's hand placed on Giuffre's breast, and that Andrew then put his hand on Sjoberg's breast. Asked about the puppet in her own deposition, Maxwell said: "Not a puppet. I don't know how you would describe it. A caricature of Prince Andrew," and "I recollect the puppet but I don't recollect anything around the puppet." Buckingham Palace had earlier called Sjoberg's allegations "categorically untrue." After the deposition was released in the January 2024 unsealing, the [[Metropolitan Police]] said: "No investigation has been launched."[^26]
[[Adriana Ross]], a former Epstein employee named in the 2007 [[Epstein non-prosecution agreement|non-prosecution agreement]] as a potential co-conspirator, repeatedly invoked her Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination when questioned in 2010 about Andrew's alleged involvement.[^18]
[[Adriana Ross]], a former Epstein employee named in the 2007 [[Epstein non-prosecution agreement|non-prosecution agreement]] as a potential co-conspirator, repeatedly invoked her Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination when questioned in 2010 about Andrew's alleged involvement.[^27]
### The 2019 BBC Newsnight Interview
On November 16, 2019, Andrew recorded an interview at Buckingham Palace with [[Emily Maitlis|Emily Maitlis]] for the BBC program [[Newsnight|Newsnight]], broadcast on November 16 and running about 58 minutes, addressing his relationship with Epstein and Giuffre's allegations. Andrew said he could not have been with Giuffre on the night of March 10, 2001, that she described because he had been at home and had taken his daughter [[Princess Beatrice|Princess Beatrice]] to a Pizza Express restaurant in Woking for a children's party, an outing he said he remembered because going to a Pizza Express in Woking was "an unusual thing for me to do."[^16]
On November 16, 2019, Andrew recorded an interview at Buckingham Palace with Emily Maitlis for the BBC program Newsnight, broadcast on November 16 and running about 58 minutes, addressing his relationship with Epstein and Giuffre's allegations. Andrew said he could not have been with Giuffre on the night of March 10, 2001, that she described because he had been at home and had taken his daughter [[Princess Beatrice|Princess Beatrice]] to a Pizza Express restaurant in Woking for a children's party, an outing he said he remembered because going to a Pizza Express in Woking was "an unusual thing for me to do."[^13]
Andrew also said he had "a peculiar medical condition" that meant he did not sweat at the time, which he attributed to an adrenaline overdose dating to the Falklands War, in response to Giuffre's description of him perspiring at the Tramp nightclub. He described his stay at Epstein's home after the 2008 conviction as a decision he made because it was "convenient," a characterization widely criticized, and said he did not regret the friendship overall because of the contacts it had brought, before later expressing regret in subsequent statements. He said he had "no recollection" of meeting Giuffre.[^16]
Andrew also said he had "a peculiar medical condition" that meant he did not sweat at the time, which he attributed to "an overdose of adrenalin in the Falkland's War when I was shot at," in response to Giuffre's description of him perspiring at the Tramp nightclub. He described his stay at Epstein's home after the 2008 conviction by saying "It was a convenient place to stay." Asked whether he regretted the whole friendship with Epstein, he answered: "Now, still not," citing the contacts it had brought.[^13]
The interview was widely characterized as damaging to Andrew. Within days, on November 20, 2019, he announced he was stepping back from public royal duties "for the foreseeable future," saying his association with Epstein had become "a major disruption to my family's work." He said he continued to "unequivocally regret" the association, denied Giuffre's allegations, and said he was willing to assist any appropriate law enforcement agency if required. A Netflix dramatization, *Scoop*, and other accounts later reconstructed the negotiation and conduct of the interview.[^1][^16]
The interview was widely characterized as damaging to Andrew. Within days, on November 20, 2019, he announced he was stepping back from public royal duties "for the foreseeable future," saying his association with Epstein had become "a major disruption to my family's work." He said he continued to "unequivocally regret" the association, denied Giuffre's allegations, and said he was willing to assist any appropriate law enforcement agency if required. A Netflix dramatization, *Scoop*, and other accounts later reconstructed the negotiation and conduct of the interview.[^1]
### The 2021 Lawsuit and 2022 Settlement
On August 9, 2021, Giuffre filed a civil lawsuit against Andrew, captioned against "Prince Andrew, Duke of York, a/k/a Andrew Albert Christian Edward, in his personal capacity," in the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|Southern District of New York]], [[Giuffre v. Prince Andrew]] (No. 1:21-cv-06702), alleging he had sexually abused her on three occasions when she was 17, including at Maxwell's London home, at Epstein's Manhattan townhouse, and on Little St. James. The suit was brought under New York's Child Victims Act, which had temporarily revived expired civil claims. Andrew strenuously denied the allegations and sought dismissal.[^2][^19]
On August 9, 2021, Giuffre filed a civil lawsuit against Andrew, captioned against "Prince Andrew, Duke of York, a/k/a Andrew Albert Christian Edward, in his personal capacity," in the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|Southern District of New York]], [[Giuffre v. Prince Andrew]] (No. 1:21-cv-06702), alleging he had sexually abused her on three occasions when she was 17, including at Maxwell's London home, at Epstein's Manhattan townhouse, and on Little St. James. The suit was brought under New York's Child Victims Act, which had temporarily revived expired civil claims. Andrew strenuously denied the allegations and sought dismissal.[^2][^28]
Andrew's lawyers argued that a 2009 settlement Giuffre had signed with Epstein, under which Epstein paid her 500,000 dollars and she released a category of potential defendants, also barred her claim against Andrew. Andrew's lawyers placed the 2009 agreement before the court as Exhibit A to an October 29, 2021 request for judicial notice. The agreement, which resolved Giuffre's Florida suit as Jane Doe No. 102, released Epstein's agents and employees and "any other person or entity who could have been included as a potential defendant," and recited that it was made "pursuant to and in fulfillment of" Epstein's obligations under his 2007 non-prosecution agreement with the [[U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Florida]].[^20] On December 16, 2021, Judge [[Lewis Kaplan|Lewis Kaplan]] took judicial notice of the agreement but declined to notice Andrew's other proposed exhibits (ECF No. 57), and on December 31, 2021 he denied Andrew's request to depose Giuffre and take "limited jurisdictional discovery" before ruling on the motion (ECF No. 61). After the 2009 agreement was unsealed on January 3, 2022, Kaplan signed an opinion on January 11, 2022, filed January 12 (ECF No. 64), holding that the release language was ambiguous and did not clearly cover Andrew, and denying the motion to dismiss "in all respects." He added that "nothing in this opinion or previously in these proceedings properly may be construed as indicating a view with respect to the truth of the charges or countercharges or as to the intention of the parties in entering into the 2009 Agreement." The 2009 document did not name Andrew.[^21][^22]
Andrew's lawyers argued that a 2009 settlement Giuffre had signed with Epstein, under which Epstein paid her 500,000 dollars and she released a category of potential defendants, also barred her claim against Andrew. Andrew's lawyers placed the 2009 agreement before the court as Exhibit A to an October 29, 2021 request for judicial notice. The agreement, which resolved Giuffre's Florida suit as Jane Doe No. 102, released Epstein's agents and employees and "any other person or entity who could have been included as a potential defendant," and recited that it was made "pursuant to and in fulfillment of" Epstein's obligations under his 2007 non-prosecution agreement with the [[U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Florida]].[^29] On December 16, 2021, Judge [[Lewis Kaplan|Lewis Kaplan]] took judicial notice of the agreement but declined to notice Andrew's other proposed exhibits (ECF No. 57), and on December 31, 2021 he denied Andrew's request to depose Giuffre and take "limited jurisdictional discovery" before ruling on the motion (ECF No. 61). After the 2009 agreement was unsealed on January 3, 2022, Kaplan signed an opinion on January 11, 2022, filed January 12 (ECF No. 64), holding that the release language was ambiguous and did not clearly cover Andrew, and denying the motion to dismiss "in all respects." He added that "nothing in this opinion or previously in these proceedings properly may be construed as indicating a view with respect to the truth of the charges or countercharges or as to the intention of the parties in entering into the 2009 Agreement." The 2009 document did not name Andrew.[^30][^31]
The day after Kaplan's ruling, on January 13, 2022, Buckingham Palace announced with the Queen's "approval and agreement" that Andrew's military affiliations and royal patronages, including his role as Colonel of the [[Grenadier Guards|Grenadier Guards]], were being returned to the Queen and that Andrew would no longer use the style His Royal Highness in any official capacity, defending the case thereafter as a private citizen.[^23] On February 15, 2022, the parties filed notice of a settlement before Kaplan. The filing stated that Andrew intended to make "a substantial donation to Ms. Giuffre's charity in support of victims' rights," that "Prince Andrew has never intended to malign Ms. Giuffre's character," and that he "accepts that she has suffered both as an established victim of abuse and as a result of unfair public attacks." The settlement contained no admission of liability, and the filing stated that the sum was not being disclosed. Press reporting estimated the value in the range of 12 million pounds, with other reporting citing figures around 7.5 million pounds; the actual amount was not made public. The stipulation of dismissal, filed and so-ordered on March 8, 2022 (ECF No. 83), recites "the parties' settlement agreement dated February 12, 2022," three days before the public notice.[^2][^19][^21] After Giuffre's death in April 2025, the Western Australian proceedings over her estate described its assets as including what remained of the settlement, reported at 12 million pounds.[^24]
The day after Kaplan's ruling, on January 13, 2022, Buckingham Palace announced with the Queen's "approval and agreement" that Andrew's military affiliations and royal patronages, including his role as Colonel of the [[Grenadier Guards|Grenadier Guards]], were being returned to the Queen and that Andrew would no longer use the style His Royal Highness in any official capacity, defending the case thereafter as a private citizen.[^32] On February 15, 2022, the parties filed notice of a settlement before Kaplan. The filing stated that Andrew intended to make "a substantial donation to Ms. Giuffre's charity in support of victims' rights," that "Prince Andrew has never intended to malign Ms. Giuffre's character," and that he "accepts that she has suffered both as an established victim of abuse and as a result of unfair public attacks." The settlement contained no admission of liability, and the filing stated that the sum was not being disclosed. Press reporting estimated the value in the range of 12 million pounds, with other reporting citing figures around 7.5 million pounds; the actual amount was not made public. The stipulation of dismissal, filed and so-ordered on March 8, 2022 (ECF No. 83), recites "the parties' settlement agreement dated February 12, 2022," three days before the public notice.[^2][^28][^30] After Giuffre's death in April 2025, the Western Australian proceedings over her estate described its assets as including what remained of the settlement, reported at 12 million pounds.[^33]
### Removal of Titles
On October 17, 2025, Andrew announced he would no longer use his title of Duke of York or the other honors conferred on him, while continuing to deny the allegations against him. The announcement came amid renewed attention following Giuffre's death and the imminent publication of her posthumous memoir Nobody's Girl, and after reporting on emails and on the terms of his occupation of Royal Lodge.[^25]
On October 17, 2025, Andrew announced he would no longer use his title of Duke of York or the other honors conferred on him, while continuing to deny the allegations against him. The announcement came amid renewed attention following Giuffre's death and the imminent publication of her posthumous memoir Nobody's Girl, and after reporting on emails and on the terms of his occupation of Royal Lodge.[^34]
On October 30, 2025, Buckingham Palace announced that King Charles III had that day "initiated a formal process to remove the Style, Titles and Honours of Prince Andrew." A Warrant under the King's Royal Sign Manual dated October 30, 2025, directed the Secretary of State to cause the Duke of York to be removed from the Roll of the Peerage with immediate effect. Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the Realm dated November 3, 2025, declared that Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor would no longer be entitled to hold the style "Royal Highness" or the titular dignity of "Prince." The actions were effected through the royal prerogative and published in the London Gazette by the Crown Office, rather than through Parliament.[^26][^27]
On October 30, 2025, Buckingham Palace announced that King Charles III had that day "initiated a formal process to remove the Style, Titles and Honours of Prince Andrew." A Warrant under the King's Royal Sign Manual dated October 30, 2025, directed the Secretary of State to cause the Duke of York to be removed from the Roll of the Peerage with immediate effect. Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the Realm dated November 3, 2025, declared that Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor would no longer be entitled to hold the style "Royal Highness" or the titular dignity of "Prince." The actions were effected through the royal prerogative and published in the London Gazette by the Crown Office, rather than through Parliament.[^35][^36]
The House of Commons Library noted that removal from the Roll of the Peerage and the withdrawal of the style and dignity by Letters Patent are distinct from abolishing the Dukedom of York itself, which is a hereditary peerage that can be removed only by an Act of Parliament. Andrew's daughters, Princess Beatrice and [[Princess Eugenie|Princess Eugenie]], retained their princess styles, conferred under a separate 1917 Letters Patent. The Palace announced Andrew would leave [[Royal Lodge|Royal Lodge]], his 30-room residence in Windsor Great Park held under a long lease, and relocate to privately funded accommodation on the [[Sandringham|Sandringham]] estate in Norfolk. He continued to deny the allegations throughout.[^26][^27]
The House of Commons Library noted that removal from the Roll of the Peerage and the withdrawal of the style and dignity by Letters Patent are distinct from abolishing the Dukedom of York itself, which is a hereditary peerage that can be removed only by an Act of Parliament. Andrew's daughters, Princess Beatrice and [[Princess Eugenie|Princess Eugenie]], retained their princess styles, conferred under a separate 1917 Letters Patent. The Palace announced Andrew would leave [[Royal Lodge|Royal Lodge]], his 30-room residence in Windsor Great Park held under a long lease, and relocate to privately funded accommodation on the [[Sandringham|Sandringham]] estate in Norfolk. He continued to deny the allegations throughout.[^35][^36]
### The 2026 Arrest
After the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]]'s January 2026 release of [[Epstein Files|Epstein files]] under the [[Epstein Files Transparency Act]], [[Thames Valley Police]] said it was examining allegations that Andrew had sent confidential trade reports to Epstein during his time as the United Kingdom's trade envoy. On February 19, 2026, his sixty-sixth birthday, the force arrested "a man in his sixties from Norfolk" on "suspicion of misconduct in public office" and searched addresses in [[Berkshire]] and [[Norfolk]]. Assistant Chief Constable [[Oliver Wright]] said: "Following a thorough assessment, we have now opened an investigation into this allegation of misconduct in public office." Andrew was released that evening and remained under investigation. King Charles III, confirming that the arrested man was his brother, said: "Let me state clearly: the law must take its course." Andrew did not respond to requests for comment; he has previously denied any wrongdoing relating to Epstein.[^28] Four days later the Metropolitan Police arrested Peter Mandelson on suspicion of the same offense, over messages suggesting he had passed government information to Epstein while business secretary in 2009 and 2010.[^10]
After the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]]'s January 2026 release of [[Epstein Files|Epstein files]] under the [[Epstein Files Transparency Act]], [[Thames Valley Police]] said it was examining allegations that Andrew had sent confidential trade reports to Epstein during his time as the United Kingdom's trade envoy. On February 19, 2026, his sixty-sixth birthday, the force arrested "a man in his sixties from Norfolk" on "suspicion of misconduct in public office" and searched addresses in [[Berkshire]] and [[Norfolk]]. Assistant Chief Constable [[Oliver Wright]] said: "Following a thorough assessment, we have now opened an investigation into this allegation of misconduct in public office." Andrew was released that evening and remained under investigation. King Charles III, confirming that the arrested man was his brother, said: "Let me state clearly: the law must take its course." Andrew did not respond to requests for comment; he has previously denied any wrongdoing relating to Epstein.[^37] Four days later the Metropolitan Police arrested Peter Mandelson on suspicion of the same offense, over messages suggesting he had passed government information to Epstein while business secretary in 2009 and 2010.[^20]
@ -137,28 +166,37 @@ After the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]]'s January 2
[^1]: "How Prince Andrew's relationship with Jeffrey Epstein unraveled," reporting compiled by *AOL* and *BBC,* 2019-2025. https://feeds.bbci.co.uk/news/av/uk-68741324
[^2]: "Prince Andrew settles with Virginia Giuffre in sexual abuse lawsuit," *WUSF / NPR,* February 15, 2022. https://www.wusf.org/2022-02-15/prince-andrew-settles-with-virginia-giuffre-in-sexual-abuse-lawsuit
[^3]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02411832, DataSet 11, email chain between Peggy Siegal and George Stephanopoulos, "Thursday small dinner for Prince Andrew," December 1-3, 2010. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02411832.pdf
[^4]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00873540 and EFTA00873541, DataSet 9, emails of July 10, 2013 (16:12 and 16:35 UTC). https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00873540.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00873541.pdf
[^5]: Companies House, "URRAMOOR LIMITED," company number 08424933, persons with significant control. https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/08424933/persons-with-significant-control ; U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02573653 to EFTA02573656, DataSet 11, "Re: HL Loan - CD/SM call note 8.8.13," August 9, 2013, quoted with the line-break characters of the text layer omitted. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02573653.pdf
[^6]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01107738, DataSet 9, "Term Sheet (8/29/13 Preliminary Draft for Discussion Purposes Only)"; EFTA01958492, EFTA01958705, EFTA01958916, EFTA01958960 and EFTA01959027, DataSet 10, thread "Term Sheet from Cantor Fitzgerald to Mr. T," September 2, 2013. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01107738.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01958492.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01958916.pdf
[^7]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01141453 to EFTA01141460, DataSet 9, "Agreement for Referrals" (draft), Exhibit B; EFTA01949796 and EFTA01949827, DataSet 10, emails of November 16, 2013. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01141453.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01949827.pdf
[^8]: Verity, Andy, Rob Byrne and Ben Milne. "How US commerce secretary's Epstein links were uncovered by British whistleblower." *BBC News,* July 14, 2026. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c9q28dlyxrzo
[^9]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02808715, Court Records, Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 22-cv-10904 (S.D.N.Y.), letter motion to Judge Jed S. Rakoff seeking leave to reopen depositions, June 7, 2023, p. 3. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank%2C%20N.A.%2C%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/EFTA02808715.pdf
[^10]: "British police arrest former ambassador to the U.S. Peter Mandelson in probe into Epstein ties." *Associated Press,* via *PBS NewsHour,* February 23, 2026. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/british-police-arrest-former-ambassador-to-the-u-s-peter-mandelson-in-probe-into-epstein-ties
[^11]: "Dubai-based DP World replaces chief named in Epstein files." *Al Jazeera,* February 13, 2026. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/13/logistics-giant-dp-world-replaces-chief-named-in-epstein-files
[^12]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00699038, DataSet 9, email to jeevacation@gmail.com, sender redacted, January 6, 2015. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00699038.pdf
[^13]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00149598, DataSet 9, internal FBI New York email chain, "Fwd: FW: Prince Andrew," June 8, 2020. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00149598.pdf
[^14]: "Photograph of Prince Andrew, Virginia Giuffre and Ghislaine Maxwell," reporting on the March 2001 image, *The Mirror US,* 2025. https://www.themirror.com/news/us-news/uncropped-prince-andrew-photo-mystery-1575570
[^15]: Adriana Gallardo and Leila Fadel, report on Virginia Roberts Giuffre's memoir *Nobody's Girl*, *NPR,* October 20, 2025 (updated October 23, 2025). https://www.npr.org/2025/10/20/nx-s1-5514834/epstein-accuser-virginia-roberts-giuffre-nobodys-girl-memoir
[^16]: "Inside Prince Andrew's explosive Newsnight interview," *Hello,* recounting the November 2019 BBC Newsnight interview with Emily Maitlis. https://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/864943/princes-andrew-newsnight-most-notable-moments/
[^17]: "Details on Prince Andrew allegations emerge from new Jeffrey Epstein documents, but no U.K. police investigation," *CBS News,* January 5, 2024. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/prince-andrew-allegations-jeffrey-epstein-documents-no-uk-police-investigation/
[^18]: "Jeffrey Epstein's Alleged Accomplices: Where Are Sarah Kellen, Nadia Marcinkova, Adriana Ross and Lesley Groff?," *The Daily Beast.* https://www.thedailybeast.com/jeffrey-epsteins-alleged-accomplices-where-are-sarah-kellen-nadia-marcinkova-adriana-ross-and-lesley-groff/
[^19]: "Lawyers say settlement reached in Virginia Giuffre's lawsuit against Prince Andrew," *PBS NewsHour,* February 15, 2022. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/lawyers-say-settlement-reached-in-virginia-giuffres-lawsuit-against-prince-andrew
[^20]: Settlement Agreement and General Release, Jane Doe No. 102 v. Jeffrey Epstein, No. 09-80656-CIV-Marra/Johnson (S.D. Fla.), filed as Exhibit A, ECF No. 32-1, in Giuffre v. Prince Andrew, No. 1:21-cv-06702 (S.D.N.Y.), and the subject of Prince Andrew's Request for Judicial Notice, ECF No. 35 (Oct. 29, 2021). https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.564713/gov.uscourts.nysd.564713.32.1.pdf
[^21]: Giuffre v. Prince Andrew, No. 1:21-cv-06702-LAK (S.D.N.Y.), Order, ECF No. 57 (Dec. 16, 2021); Order, ECF No. 61 (Dec. 31, 2021); Opinion re Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 64 (signed Jan. 11, 2022, filed Jan. 12, 2022); Stipulation and Order of Dismissal, ECF No. 83 (March 8, 2022). https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/60119368/giuffre-v-prince-andrew/
[^22]: "Prince Andrew loses bid to dismiss lawsuit by Jeffrey Epstein accuser Virginia Giuffre," *CNBC,* January 12, 2022 (Kaplan ruling on the 2009 release). https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/12/judge-rejects-prince-andrews-bid-to-dismiss-epstein-accuser-virginia-giuffres-lawsuit.html
[^23]: "Prince Andrew is stripped of his royal patronages and military titles," *NPR,* January 13, 2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/01/13/1072779687/prince-andrew-royal-privileges-queen
[^24]: "Legal battle begins over Virginia Giuffre's multi-million-dollar estate," *ABC News (Australia),* November 28, 2025. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-11-28/virginia-giuffre-epstein-survivor-legal-battle-over-estate/106075194
[^25]: "Prince Andrew to give up Duke of York title and honors amid Jeffrey Epstein developments," *NBC News,* October 17, 2025. https://www.nbcnews.com/world/united-kingdom/prince-andrew-give-duke-york-title-honors-jeffrey-epstein-developments-rcna238242
[^26]: "King Charles formally removes Andrew's prince title and HRH style after Epstein scandal," *AOL,* November 2025. https://www.aol.com/articles/king-charles-formally-removes-andrew-150223876.html
[^27]: House of Commons Library, "The removal of titles and honours," CBP-10370, 2025. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10370/
[^28]: Frayer, Lauren, and Leila Fadel. "U.K.'s ex-Prince Andrew is released after his arrest over Epstein revelations." *NPR,* February 19, 2026. https://www.npr.org/2026/02/19/nx-s1-5719098/andrew-mountbatten-windsor-arrested-on-suspicion-of-misconduct-in-public-office
[^4]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01256235, DataSet 9, "Fwd: Aria Petroleum," from the account "Jeevacation" to Jes Staley, December 2, 2010, 6:42:47 PM, forwarding a message from "The Duke" to Jeffrey Epstein, December 2, 2010, 1:12:43 PM EST; the Duke's message also at EFTA02415338, DataSet 11. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01256235.pdf
[^5]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00905375 and EFTA00905381, DataSet 9, emails of February 28, 2011 (Stern to Epstein, 15:24 UTC; Epstein's "yes" quoted in the 15:35 UTC reply); EFTA00664546, DataSet 9, email of February 21, 2011 (sender redacted); EFTA00663880, DataSet 9, email of February 25, 2011. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00905375.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00905381.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00664546.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00663880.pdf
[^6]: Companies House, "WITAN LIMITED" (formerly ASIA GATEWAY LIMITED), company number 05579668, filing history, change of name by resolution, August 16, 2012. https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/05579668/filing-history
[^7]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00905105, DataSet 9, email of March 1, 2011. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00905105.pdf
[^8]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00657628 (Stern to Epstein, June 7, 2013, 16:33 UTC), EFTA00657674 (Sinofsky to Epstein, June 7, 2013, 17:25 UTC, quoting Epstein's message of "Friday, June 7, 2013 10:20 AM") and EFTA00873549 (Epstein's "Yes , Steve sinofsky" in the quoted thread), DataSet 9. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00657628.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00657674.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00873549.pdf
[^9]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00963226 (June 19, 2013) and EFTA00964423 (Sinofsky to Epstein, "Fw: Thank you," June 28, 2013, quoting Thirsk's message of June 28, 2:45 AM), DataSet 9. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00963226.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00964423.pdf
[^10]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00873549, DataSet 9, July 10, 2013; Epstein's reply "your call," EFTA01964905, DataSet 10, July 10, 2013, 6:55:49 PM. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00873549.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01964905.pdf
[^11]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00966267, DataSet 9, "Fw: Knowledge Crossing," July 26, 2013 (19:49 UTC; the Duke's message 09:44 UTC). https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00966267.pdf
[^12]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00649433, DataSet 9, August 28, 2013, 22:00 UTC, sender redacted. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00649433.pdf
[^13]: "Prince Andrew Newsnight interview: Transcript in full," *BBC News,* November 17, 2019 (interview with Emily Maitlis, *Newsnight,* BBC Two, broadcast November 16, 2019). https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50449339
[^14]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00873540 and EFTA00873541, DataSet 9, emails of July 10, 2013 (16:12 and 16:35 UTC). https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00873540.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00873541.pdf
[^15]: Companies House, "URRAMOOR LIMITED," company number 08424933, persons with significant control. https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/08424933/persons-with-significant-control ; U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02573653 to EFTA02573656, DataSet 11, "Re: HL Loan - CD/SM call note 8.8.13," August 9, 2013, quoted with the line-break characters of the text layer omitted. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02573653.pdf
[^16]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01107738, DataSet 9, "Term Sheet (8/29/13 Preliminary Draft for Discussion Purposes Only)"; EFTA01958492, EFTA01958705, EFTA01958916, EFTA01958960 and EFTA01959027, DataSet 10, thread "Term Sheet from Cantor Fitzgerald to Mr. T," September 2, 2013. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01107738.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01958492.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01958916.pdf
[^17]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01141453 to EFTA01141460, DataSet 9, "Agreement for Referrals" (draft), Exhibit B; EFTA01949796 and EFTA01949827, DataSet 10, emails of November 16, 2013. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01141453.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01949827.pdf
[^18]: Verity, Andy, Rob Byrne and Ben Milne. "How US commerce secretary's Epstein links were uncovered by British whistleblower." *BBC News,* July 14, 2026. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c9q28dlyxrzo
[^19]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02808715, Court Records, Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 22-cv-10904 (S.D.N.Y.), letter motion to Judge Jed S. Rakoff seeking leave to reopen depositions, June 7, 2023, p. 3. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank%2C%20N.A.%2C%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/EFTA02808715.pdf
[^20]: "British police arrest former ambassador to the U.S. Peter Mandelson in probe into Epstein ties." *Associated Press,* via *PBS NewsHour,* February 23, 2026. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/british-police-arrest-former-ambassador-to-the-u-s-peter-mandelson-in-probe-into-epstein-ties
[^21]: "Dubai-based DP World replaces chief named in Epstein files." *Al Jazeera,* February 13, 2026. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/13/logistics-giant-dp-world-replaces-chief-named-in-epstein-files
[^22]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00699038, DataSet 9, email to jeevacation@gmail.com, sender redacted, January 6, 2015. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00699038.pdf
[^23]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00149598, DataSet 9, internal FBI New York email chain, "Fwd: FW: Prince Andrew," June 8, 2020. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00149598.pdf
[^24]: "Photograph of Prince Andrew, Virginia Giuffre and Ghislaine Maxwell," reporting on the March 2001 image, *The Mirror US,* 2025. https://www.themirror.com/news/us-news/uncropped-prince-andrew-photo-mystery-1575570
[^25]: Adriana Gallardo and Leila Fadel, report on Virginia Roberts Giuffre's memoir *Nobody's Girl*, *NPR,* October 20, 2025 (updated October 23, 2025). https://www.npr.org/2025/10/20/nx-s1-5514834/epstein-accuser-virginia-roberts-giuffre-nobodys-girl-memoir
[^26]: "Details on Prince Andrew allegations emerge from new Jeffrey Epstein documents, but no U.K. police investigation," *CBS News,* January 5, 2024. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/prince-andrew-allegations-jeffrey-epstein-documents-no-uk-police-investigation/
[^27]: "Jeffrey Epstein's Alleged Accomplices: Where Are Sarah Kellen, Nadia Marcinkova, Adriana Ross and Lesley Groff?," *The Daily Beast.* https://www.thedailybeast.com/jeffrey-epsteins-alleged-accomplices-where-are-sarah-kellen-nadia-marcinkova-adriana-ross-and-lesley-groff/
[^28]: "Lawyers say settlement reached in Virginia Giuffre's lawsuit against Prince Andrew," *PBS NewsHour,* February 15, 2022. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/lawyers-say-settlement-reached-in-virginia-giuffres-lawsuit-against-prince-andrew
[^29]: Settlement Agreement and General Release, Jane Doe No. 102 v. Jeffrey Epstein, No. 09-80656-CIV-Marra/Johnson (S.D. Fla.), filed as Exhibit A, ECF No. 32-1, in Giuffre v. Prince Andrew, No. 1:21-cv-06702 (S.D.N.Y.), and the subject of Prince Andrew's Request for Judicial Notice, ECF No. 35 (Oct. 29, 2021). https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.564713/gov.uscourts.nysd.564713.32.1.pdf
[^30]: Giuffre v. Prince Andrew, No. 1:21-cv-06702-LAK (S.D.N.Y.), Order, ECF No. 57 (Dec. 16, 2021); Order, ECF No. 61 (Dec. 31, 2021); Opinion re Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. 64 (signed Jan. 11, 2022, filed Jan. 12, 2022); Stipulation and Order of Dismissal, ECF No. 83 (March 8, 2022). https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/60119368/giuffre-v-prince-andrew/
[^31]: "Prince Andrew loses bid to dismiss lawsuit by Jeffrey Epstein accuser Virginia Giuffre," *CNBC,* January 12, 2022 (Kaplan ruling on the 2009 release). https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/12/judge-rejects-prince-andrews-bid-to-dismiss-epstein-accuser-virginia-giuffres-lawsuit.html
[^32]: "Prince Andrew is stripped of his royal patronages and military titles," *NPR,* January 13, 2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/01/13/1072779687/prince-andrew-royal-privileges-queen
[^33]: "Legal battle begins over Virginia Giuffre's multi-million-dollar estate," *ABC News (Australia),* November 28, 2025. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-11-28/virginia-giuffre-epstein-survivor-legal-battle-over-estate/106075194
[^34]: "Prince Andrew to give up Duke of York title and honors amid Jeffrey Epstein developments," *NBC News,* October 17, 2025. https://www.nbcnews.com/world/united-kingdom/prince-andrew-give-duke-york-title-honors-jeffrey-epstein-developments-rcna238242
[^35]: "King Charles formally removes Andrew's prince title and HRH style after Epstein scandal," *AOL,* November 2025. https://www.aol.com/articles/king-charles-formally-removes-andrew-150223876.html
[^36]: House of Commons Library, "The removal of titles and honours," CBP-10370, 2025. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10370/
[^37]: Frayer, Lauren, and Leila Fadel. "U.K.'s ex-Prince Andrew is released after his arrest over Epstein revelations." *NPR,* February 19, 2026. https://www.npr.org/2026/02/19/nx-s1-5719098/andrew-mountbatten-windsor-arrested-on-suspicion-of-misconduct-in-public-office

90
10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Simon Andriesz.md
View file

@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ relations:
with: "[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]"
start: 2021-02-16
role: "FD-302 (50D-NY-3027571, serial 593) of a telephone interview of February 16, 2021; the interviewee's name is redacted throughout and the surname \"ANDREISZ\" appears once, in a passage on charity-day trading"
fn: 11
fn: 19
- type: informed
with: "[[House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform]]"
start: 2026
@ -46,6 +46,28 @@ relations:
start: 2026-07-21
role: "online event on the Financial Conduct Authority and whistleblower protection"
fn: 6
- type: litigated_against
with: "[[BGC Group]]"
start: 2019-06-19
end: 2025-08-28
role: "claimant in FINRA arbitrations 19-01751 (filed June 19, 2019; dismissed without prejudice August 8, 2022) and 22-02539 (award of June 17, 2024: BGC Financial, L.P. \"solely liable\" for $500,000), petitioner in the Southern District of New York (1:24-cv-07004, denied April 23, 2025) and appellant in the Second Circuit (25-1341, mandate August 28, 2025)"
fn: 9
- type: litigated_against
with: "[[Howard Lutnick]]"
start: 2019-06-19
end: 2020-06-22
role: "named respondent in FINRA arbitration 19-01751 (Lutnick signed the submission agreement October 7, 2019; claims against him were discontinued by the amended statement of claim of June 22, 2020); named second respondent in Employment Tribunal case 3200408/2025 (claim struck out, written reasons dated August 11, 2026)"
fn: 9
- type: litigated_against
with: "[[JP Aubin]]"
start: 2019-06-19
role: "named respondent in FINRA arbitrations 19-01751 (dismissed without prejudice August 8, 2022) and 22-02539 (claims against him dismissed in their entirety, award of June 17, 2024) and third respondent in Employment Tribunal case 3200408/2025 (claim struck out, written reasons dated August 11, 2026)"
fn: 10
- type: applied_to
with: "[[Commodity Futures Trading Commission]]"
start: 2020-01-22
role: "sworn statement requesting a whistleblower award, as quoted in BGC's brief of December 6, 2024"
fn: 14
created: 2026-10-04
updated: 2026-10-04
---
@ -64,25 +86,51 @@ On November 22, 2019 the [[Commodity Futures Trading Commission]] announced in r
The release does not name a whistleblower. The BBC wrote that "some of his allegations later led to BGC being ordered to pay a $3m (£2.24m) penalty by the US derivatives regulator for 'numerous supervision, reporting, and record-keeping violations,'" and that he won "a financial award of $420,000 (£313,000) for his whistleblowing from the US regulator."[^5] The Transparency Task Force wrote that the commission "made him a formal whistleblower award and, in a separate enforcement action, imposed a $3 million sanction on the firm."[^6]
### Litigation
The BBC wrote that Andriesz "says the litigation of the past decade has had a devastating effect on his career, his finances and his health," and that BGC "says it has had no involvement with him since his departure other than responding to litigation he has initiated."[^5] The records of four proceedings name him as claimant, petitioner or appellant and BGC Financial, L.P. or BGC Partners LP as respondent.[^9]
The first was an arbitration before the [[Financial Industry Regulatory Authority]]'s Dispute Resolution Services in New York, case 19-01751. Andriesz signed the submission agreement on June 8, 2019 and filed a statement of claim on or about June 19, 2019 against fourteen respondents: BGC Financial, L.P., Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., [[Ronin Capital]], LLC, [[JP Aubin|Jean-Pierre Aubin]], [[Stuart Fraser|Stuart Andrew Fraser]], Howard William Lutnick, [[Shawn McLoughlin|Shawn Damien McLoughlin]], [[Stephen Merkel|Stephen Marcus Merkel]], [[Paul Pion|Paul Marc Pion]], [[Louis Scotto|Louis James Scotto]], [[William Shields|William Michael Shields]], [[John Stafford|John Springs Stafford III]], [[Michael Sulfaro|Michael Carl Sulfaro]] and [[Mark Webster]]. The award records that Lutnick signed the submission agreement on October 7, 2019, the same day as Pion, and that the BGC respondents, including Lutnick, filed a statement of answer on or about September 5, 2019. An amended statement of claim filed on or about June 22, 2020 discontinued the claims against Ronin Capital, Stafford, Fraser, Lutnick, Merkel and Scotto. By order of August 8, 2022 the panel "dismissed this case without prejudice, pursuant to Rule 13601(c) of FINRA's Code of Arbitration Procedure, on the basis of all parties having jointly requested, or agreed to, more than two postponements." The award confirming the dismissal was signed in September 2022 and served September 12, 2022. The award does not itemize the claims.[^9]
Andriesz filed a renewed statement of claim on or about November 8, 2022, opening FINRA case 22-02539 against BGC Financial, L.P., Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Aubin, Pion, Shields, Sulfaro, Webster and McLoughlin. Lutnick was not among the respondents. The award lists nineteen causes of action, among them violations of the Dodd-Frank whistleblower statute, securities fraud under Rule 10b-5, breach of employment and other contracts, RICO, defamation and intentional infliction of emotional distress, and records a request for compensatory damages "in a sum not less than $17,000,000." Andriesz voluntarily dismissed his claims against McLoughlin on January 19, 2024 and against Sulfaro on January 30, 2024, and withdrew four causes of action on January 19, 2024. The panel sat on January 9 to 12, 16 to 18, 24 and 25, February 8 and 9 and May 15, 2024. The award of June 17, 2024 reads: "Respondent BGC Financial, L.P., is solely liable for and shall pay to Claimant the sum of $500,000.00 in compensatory damages." It continues: "All other claims against remaining Respondents Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Jean Pierre Aubin, Mark Webster, Paul Marc Pion, and William Michael Shields, are dismissed in their entirety," and denies all claims for relief not addressed, including interest, punitive damages and attorneys' fees. The panel assessed hearing session fees of $39,375 to BGC Financial, L.P. The award gives no reasons.[^10]
On September 17, 2024 (the clerk having rejected an earlier filing of September 16) Andriesz filed in the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York]] a petition to vacate, modify or remand the award, docket 1:24-cv-07004, before [[Lewis J. Liman|Judge Lewis J. Liman]]. Opinion and Order of April 23, 2025 (docket 37) records that Andriesz sought to show manifest disregard of the law and calculated his damages at $7,857,982, made up of $2,718,196 for "lost value of life," $1,157,337 in lost income for 2017 and 2018, and $3,982,449 in lost income for 2019 through 2023. BGC's brief of December 6, 2024 described the demand put to the panel as "over $38 million" in one passage and "more than $11 million" in another.[^11][^12]
On timeliness the opinion held: "Because the Award was filed on June 17, 2024, Petitioner's deadline to serve Respondent notice of his motion to vacate was September 17, 2024. ... Petitioner failed to serve Respondent by that date, and his motion is accordingly untimely." It added that the motion "may be denied on that basis alone." Counsel for Andriesz had first asked BGC's counsel to accept service on September 19, 2024, and BGC filed a waiver of service on September 24, 2024. The opinion then continued: "Even if Petitioner's motion was timely, it would still fail on the merits." On the Dodd-Frank retaliation claim the court recorded BGC's argument that the termination "could not have been causally connected to any protected activity" and that "BGC had a legitimate, non-retaliatory reason for terminating" him. It wrote that the arbitrators could have found that his failure to attend the scheduled medical evaluations represented "dishonesty, disloyalty, insubordination, unsatisfactory performance or attendance, or failure to follow BGC's policies, rules, codes of conduct, or procedures," within the contract's definition of "Cause," and that "[s]uch a finding would permit a holding of no liability for both Petitioner's breach-of-contract and whistleblower retaliation claims." On the unexplained $500,000 figure the court wrote that "[i]t is possible that notwithstanding the evidence in Respondent's favor, the arbitration panel found Respondent partially liable for Petitioner's breach-of-contract or whistleblower claims," and recorded BGC's suggestion that the sum "could represent a good-faith estimate of the bonus Petitioner would have received for the 2016 Fourth Quarter along with prejudgment interest." Andriesz had asked the court in the alternative to remand for clarification; the opinion denied the request. Its conclusion reads: "Petitioner's motion to vacate, modify, or remand the arbitration award is DENIED and the Petition is DISMISSED." The clerk entered judgment on April 24, 2025.[^11][^12]
Andriesz filed a notice of appeal on May 23, 2025 (Second Circuit docket 25-1341). The court's order of June 16, 2025 recorded that the filing fee of $605 was due by June 6, 2025, that "[t]he case is deemed in default," and that the appeal "is dismissed effective July 7, 2025" unless he paid the fee or moved for in forma pauperis status by that date. The mandate issued August 28, 2025.[^13]
The opinion records the employment dispute as follows. Andriesz "was employed by Defendant from November 2014 through January 31, 2017," BGC saying his employer was its United Kingdom affiliate BGC Brokers, L.P. On or about January 21, 2015 he signed a four-year contract "as Managing Director from February 1, 2015, through February 1, 2019," at $364,000 "in the form of a draw plus $36,000 in salary," with an incentive pool tied to BGC's North American futures and options desk and its London financial futures and options desk, governed by New York law. The opinion records conflicts with his superior Aubin, a suspension in February 2016, a written warning on his return, a second indefinite suspension in December 2016 with a direction "to submit to examination by two doctors to determine if he was fit to perform the essential functions of his job," and termination on January 31, 2017. Andriesz's account, as the opinion recites it, was that he was a "stellar employee" with "no performance complaints of any kind" until he raised complaints about accounting irregularities and supervisory violations beginning in 2015, and that the suspensions and termination were retaliation; he "admits he did not submit to examination by the two doctors," arguing that the direction violated the [[Americans with Disabilities Act]].[^11]
The health matters are stated in the opinion as follows. BGC's account, as the court recites it, was that Andriesz "was hospitalized twice," that after the first incident he "submitted a doctor's note recommending that he be placed on medical leave for several weeks," that a second note stated he "could immediately return to work part-time," and that he told BGC's human resources department he could not comply with Aubin's requests to communicate "due to the severity of [his] medical condition." The court wrote that the arbitrators "could have properly found" that "in light of Petitioner's lengthy history of medical issues requiring multiple hospitalizations and interfering with his ability to work normal hours and purported ability to communicate with his supervisor, a medical evaluation was a business necessity." On his heart attack the court recited that Andriesz "attributed his heart attack to harshly worded comments from a BGC executive," that BGC's position was that the executive's communication "post-dated Petitioner's heart attack," and that contemporaneous emails showed him "blaming his ex-wife's divorce lawyers for the heart attack." The opinion presents the medical history as evidence on which the arbitrators could have relied; the award itself gives no reasons.[^11]
Also as recited in the opinion, BGC's evidence included a recorded conversation in which Andriesz said he was going to defame his supervisor and "try and destroy their life," and testimony from a BGC employee who had sent regulators communications "purporting to corroborate some of Petitioner's claims" that Andriesz "used and manipulated" him and pressured him to send them. BGC's brief of December 6, 2024 stated that in a "January 22, 2020 sworn statement to the CFTC requesting a whistleblower award for his earlier disclosures to them," Andriesz "reported that '[s]oon after I was terminated, I immediately filed TCR's with . . . the SEC on 10.02.17,'" and that the only forms to the Securities and Exchange Commission he produced were two prepared in January 2017 that lacked his signature and date.[^11][^14]
The fourth proceeding is [[Employment Tribunals|Employment Tribunal]] case 3200408/2025 at the East London Hearing Centre (heard by video), in which Andriesz named three respondents: BGC Partners LP, Howard Lutnick and Jean-Pierre Aubin. The gov.uk record lists the jurisdictions as disability discrimination, public interest disclosure, unfair dismissal and unlawful deduction from wages. Employment Judge [[B Beyzade]] heard the respondents' application to strike out on March 16 and May 13, 2026, on submissions and a 401-page bundle that included "regulatory correspondence, litigation materials from the [[United States]], contractual documents, and medical materials" (paragraph 21); no oral evidence was called (paragraph 11). The written reasons are dated August 11, 2026 and were published on gov.uk on September 30, 2026.[^15]
The reasons record the respondents' submission that "the claimant's employment terminated on 31 January 2017 and that the sole disability discrimination allegation dates from November 2016" (paragraph 23), and their submission that his "extensive litigation activity, including US arbitration and court proceedings between 2019 and 2024, demonstrates beyond argument that it was reasonably practicable to bring the claimant's complaints in time" (paragraph 25). They record Andriesz's submissions that "he has been subject to a continuing course of retaliation extending to 2024" (paragraph 28), that his "engagement with regulators, including the FCA and HMRC, forms part of the continuing course of conduct" (paragraph 31), and that "his mental health, including PTSD and trauma, impaired his ability to bring proceedings earlier" (paragraph 30). The findings are: "I find that the claimant's employment terminated on 31 January 2017" (paragraph 44); "All of the claimant's complaints were presented outside the relevant primary limitation periods" (paragraph 48); "The delay is extremely long, approaching nine years" (paragraph 53); "The explanation advanced is not persuasive in light of the Claimant's demonstrated capacity to litigate" (paragraph 54); and "The claimant's contention with regards to medical evidence does not establish that it was not reasonably practicable for the Claimant to present the relevant complaints within the relevant limitation period" (paragraph 61). The judge accepted the respondents' submission that "a number of complaints are inadequately pleaded and lack a coherent evidential basis" (paragraph 63). In the alternative the judge wrote that "[t]he Claimant has previously litigated matters arising from the same or substantially similar factual matrix in the United States of America" (paragraph 67) and that the judge "would have struck the claim out as an abuse of process" (paragraph 70). The tribunal made no finding on territorial jurisdiction (paragraphs 71 and 72). The terms of the judgment strike out "[t]he entirety of the Claimant's claim" under Rule 38(1)(a) (paragraph 82) and list the respondents' application for costs, and for a determination whether the claim was totally without merit, for a continuation hearing on November 24, 2026 at 10:00 a.m. for three hours, with written submissions due by 4 p.m. on October 23, 2026 (paragraph 83).[^15]
A separate pair of claims, 2204781/2021 and 2201379/2022, names TFS Derivatives Ltd as respondent. A judgment of Employment Judge Mark Sutton KC sent to the parties on February 19, 2025, after a hearing on February 10, 2025 at which Andriesz did not attend, dismissed his second claim, filed March 23, 2022 for discriminatory constructive dismissal on grounds of disability, for lack of jurisdiction because it was presented a day outside the limitation period under section 123 of the Equality Act 2010, and dismissed on withdrawal a detriment complaint under section 47B of the Employment Rights Act 1996. The judgment provides that the remaining complaints in the first claim "shall proceed to a final hearing." The judgment does not mention BGC.[^16]
### The October 14, 2020 FBI complaint
At 9:16:24 a.m. Eastern Time on October 14, 2020 a caller telephoned the FBI's [[National Threat Operations Center]] to report "alleged money laundering by Howard Lutnick via BGC Financial and Cantor Fitzgerald." The FBI recorded the call on an FD-71A Guardian complaint form dated April 23, 2021 (Guardian 681124 NY), filed under a money-laundering zero file and case 50D-NY-3027571, "EPSTEIN, JEFFREY; CHILD SEX TRAFFICKING." The caller's name is redacted in that document, which was released by the [[United States Department of Justice]] as EFTA01249210.[^2] The name "Simon Andriesz" appears in a separate release, EFTA01684300, a printout of Guardian complaints, in the line giving the call time and in the fragments "Andriesz, calling from the United Kingdom, previously worked for BGC Financial (BGC) and Can[tor Fitzgerald]" and "Andriesz uncovered fraud, money laundering, Ponzi schemes, and regulat[ory breaches]."[^7]
The form records the caller as saying that he "uncovered fraud, money laundering, Ponzi schemes, and regulatory breaches" by BGC and Cantor Fitzgerald, "so he became a whistleblower," and that BGC and Cantor Fitzgerald "received large fines and there are 'live cases' still occurring in the United Kingdom." It records his statements that Lutnick was using a "global Ponzi share" scheme "involving over 3,500 BGC employees who are forced to contribute 10% of their earnings," that Lutnick was "deeply rooted to the royal family," that he used his charities as a "smokescreen," that he "believes he has supporting documents which could link Lutnick to Jeffrey Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell," and that "Epstein also sold Lutnick a house for $10 dollars through a trust fund, which was then sold for millions shortly after prior to the money going overseas." The caller "stated he has multiple regulatory reporting documents he can provide to an agent to substantiate his claims." The form records database queries on Lutnick ("26 results in the NY division case files," including a restricted closed money-laundering case) and the note "Queries were not conducted on Epstein and Maxwell due to the sensitive nature of the case."[^2] The BBC wrote that "the FBI did not investigate these accusations."[^5]
An email dated July 24, 2025, in a chain titled "Epstein - Cellmate Interview," lists under the heading "Howard Lutnick": "Simon Andriesz reported that Lutnick made his money through Ponzi schemes and money laundering. Lutnick and Epstein were neighbors and Epstein sold Lutnick a home for $10 which was then sold for millions." The same entry appears in three further released documents, EFTA01648951, EFTA01656173 and EFTA01660622.[^9]
An email dated July 24, 2025, in a chain titled "Epstein - Cellmate Interview," lists under the heading "Howard Lutnick": "Simon Andriesz reported that Lutnick made his money through Ponzi schemes and money laundering. Lutnick and Epstein were neighbors and Epstein sold Lutnick a home for $10 which was then sold for millions." The same entry appears in three further released documents, EFTA01648951, EFTA01656173 and EFTA01660622.[^17]
A second FBI intake form, marked "UNCLASSIFIED" and dated October 19, 2020 (five days after the call of October 14), bears the same case ID, 50D-NY-3027571, and the caption "(U) EPSTEIN, JEFFREY; CHILD SEX TRAFFICKING." It records the time of a call to the National Threat Operations Center as 11:43 AM Eastern Time. The name of the person who called is redacted. The form records that the person "acted as an internal whistleblower after witnessing some financial irregularities," that he "has documentation he is willing to provide to the FBI," that he "claims that Cantor Fitzgerald retaliated against him after he was a whistleblower," and that he "has also submitted this documentation to the [[Internal Revenue Service]]." It states that he "believes some of the suspicious financial activities could be related to Epstein's case."[^10]
A second FBI intake form, marked "UNCLASSIFIED" and dated October 19, 2020 (five days after the call of October 14), bears the same case ID, 50D-NY-3027571, and the caption "(U) EPSTEIN, JEFFREY; CHILD SEX TRAFFICKING." It records the time of a call to the National Threat Operations Center as 11:43 AM Eastern Time. The name of the person who called is redacted. The form records that the person "acted as an internal whistleblower after witnessing some financial irregularities," that he "has documentation he is willing to provide to the FBI," that he "claims that Cantor Fitzgerald retaliated against him after he was a whistleblower," and that he "has also submitted this documentation to the [[Internal Revenue Service]]." It states that he "believes some of the suspicious financial activities could be related to Epstein's case."[^18]
An FD-302 in case 50D-NY-3027571 (serial 593) records a telephone interview on February 16, 2021, entered April 5, 2021 and drafted March 17, 2021, with an interviewee whose name is redacted throughout. It records that he "had been in the securities business for 32 years," that he "was at" a redacted firm "from 2012 to 2017," and that he "held a Series 30 license," and refers to "the fraud allegations [redacted] made in his initial complaint to the FBI." The one place where a surname appears is a sentence on the second page, in a passage on the firm's charity day: "ANDREISZ advised the day of the charity day trading would shift if the publicized day was not a successful trading day." The third page records that the interviewee "was working with the COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CFTC) and he was eligible for their whistleblower program," and an agent note that after the interview a redacted name "contacted SA [redacted] telephonically asked if he could provide her contact information to the CFTC." The first page carries the legend "This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI." Each page carries the legend "SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER PARAGRAPHS 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 17."[^11]
An FD-302 in case 50D-NY-3027571 (serial 593) records a telephone interview on February 16, 2021, entered April 5, 2021 and drafted March 17, 2021, with an interviewee whose name is redacted throughout. It records that he "had been in the securities business for 32 years," that he "was at" a redacted firm "from 2012 to 2017," and that he "held a Series 30 license," and refers to "the fraud allegations [redacted] made in his initial complaint to the FBI." The one place where a surname appears is a sentence on the second page, in a passage on the firm's charity day: "ANDREISZ advised the day of the charity day trading would shift if the publicized day was not a successful trading day." The third page records that the interviewee "was working with the COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION (CFTC) and he was eligible for their whistleblower program," and an agent note that after the interview a redacted name "contacted SA [redacted] telephonically asked if he could provide her contact information to the CFTC." The first page carries the legend "This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI." Each page carries the legend "SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER PARAGRAPHS 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 17."[^19]
An FBI email of January 30, 2025, sent under the subject "RE: Expedite ARMS Reach - Howard William Lutnick" (followed in the subject line by the classification suffix "UNCLASSIFIED") and marked "Classification: UNCLASSIFIED" and "Transitory," in reply to a vetting request from the Enterprise Vetting Center concerning Howard Lutnick, states: "This was an intake interview related to the Guardian in serial 196 where HOWARD LUTNICK was accused of fraud and money laundering. We did not open an investigation as a result of these allegations." The email does not name the person who made the accusation.[^12]
An FBI email of January 30, 2025, sent under the subject "RE: Expedite ARMS Reach - Howard William Lutnick" (followed in the subject line by the classification suffix "UNCLASSIFIED") and marked "Classification: UNCLASSIFIED" and "Transitory," in reply to a vetting request from the Enterprise Vetting Center concerning Howard Lutnick, states: "This was an intake interview related to the Guardian in serial 196 where HOWARD LUTNICK was accused of fraud and money laundering. We did not open an investigation as a result of these allegations." The email does not name the person who made the accusation.[^20]
At the House Oversight interview of May 6, 2026, a questioner said the committee understood "through public reporting and records, that an Epstein-affiliated trust had owned that townhome that you moved into prior to you" and asked whether Epstein had any role in the sale. Lutnick answered: "No. I bought my townhouse from someone ... who owned it. So Epstein did not own the house. So I don't know what that's in reference to."[^13]
At the House Oversight interview of May 6, 2026, a questioner said the committee understood "through public reporting and records, that an Epstein-affiliated trust had owned that townhome that you moved into prior to you" and asked whether Epstein had any role in the sale. Lutnick answered: "No. I bought my townhouse from someone ... who owned it. So Epstein did not own the house. So I don't know what that's in reference to."[^21]
### The BBC reporting of July 14, 2026
The BBC published a report by Andy Verity, Rob Byrne and Ben Milne on July 14, 2026, the day [[BBC Radio 4]]'s [[File on 4|File on 4 Investigates]] broadcast an episode titled "[[Epstein Files]]: Lutnick, the Royals and the British Whistleblower." The BBC wrote that Andriesz "discovered an email chain from 2018 in which Lutnick and Epstein had discussed the prospects of a start-up business they were both involved in." Andriesz said, "Everyone was searching 'Lutnick'"; the BBC wrote that he knew Cantor Fitzgerald executives preferred initials, searched for "HWL" and found the exchange in which Epstein asked the HWL account "what do you think the prospects for adfin are?" and the reply read "Producing revenue finally. This is their year." Andriesz gave the finding to members of the [[House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform|House Oversight Committee]] before Lutnick's May 2026 interview. The BBC reported that Lutnick told the committee that, to the best of his knowledge, he learned only in 2026 that Epstein had been an investor in the firm.[^3] The exchange is EFTA01050772.[^14]
The BBC published a report by Andy Verity, Rob Byrne and Ben Milne on July 14, 2026, the day [[BBC Radio 4]]'s [[File on 4|File on 4 Investigates]] broadcast an episode titled "[[Epstein Files]]: Lutnick, the Royals and the British Whistleblower." The BBC wrote that Andriesz "discovered an email chain from 2018 in which Lutnick and Epstein had discussed the prospects of a start-up business they were both involved in." Andriesz said, "Everyone was searching 'Lutnick'"; the BBC wrote that he knew Cantor Fitzgerald executives preferred initials, searched for "HWL" and found the exchange in which Epstein asked the HWL account "what do you think the prospects for adfin are?" and the reply read "Producing revenue finally. This is their year." Andriesz gave the finding to members of the [[House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform|House Oversight Committee]] before Lutnick's May 2026 interview. The BBC reported that Lutnick told the committee that, to the best of his knowledge, he learned only in 2026 that Epstein had been an investor in the firm.[^3] The exchange is EFTA01050772.[^22]
The BBC also reported that Andriesz found in the files that one of Lutnick's firms had made plans in 2013 to go into business with the then Prince Andrew, [[Prince Andrew|Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor]]. Andriesz told File on 4 Investigates: "What it involved was a loan to Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor of £1m... to basically buy a prince." The BBC wrote that under the proposed terms £1 million would be loaned to a firm controlled by the prince, "which would then be bound to do business exclusively with Cantor Fitzgerald," that advisers to both Lutnick and the former prince discussed the deal from August to November 2013, that Epstein warned the prince's business aide [[David Stern]] against it, and that it "came to nothing." Cantor Fitzgerald "did not deny the talks took place but told the BBC it did not go into business with the former prince."[^3]
@ -92,6 +140,12 @@ The BBC reported the [[United States Department of Commerce|Commerce Department]
The Transparency Task Force, a [[United Kingdom]] campaign group founded by [[Andy Agathangelou]], held an online event on July 21, 2026 titled "The Simon Andriesz Story; and the Role of the Financial Conduct Authority." Its announcement said he would "speak publicly for the first time about the Financial Conduct Authority's alleged failure to protect him from retaliation," and quoted him: "when I repeatedly warned the FCA, including through direct written appeals to Chief Executive [[Nikhil Rathi]] and senior enforcement leaders [[Steve Smart]] and [[Therese Chambers]], that the retaliation was escalating and that my family and I were in crisis, it took no effective action to protect me." The announcement stated that his FBI file was "now public as part of the January 2026 release under the [[Epstein Files Transparency Act]]," that [[HM Revenue and Customs]] "issued a £96 million determination concerning the same partnership tax arrangements that Mr Andriesz says he had been reporting since 2017," that the [[Financial Conduct Authority]]'s response was "a Supervision Order," and that an FCA official had told him he had lost whistleblower protection, advice the announcement says the FCA later accepted was wrong and apologised for.[^6]
### The FBI serial index
The Justice Department's release of the serial index for case 50D-NY-3027571 (EFTA01730634, DataSet 10; the case summary describes a "Child Sex Trafficking investigation into Epstein, opened 12/08/2018" that "remains in Pending Inactive status") lists, by serial, date, time and a truncated description, the documents discussed above. On page EFTA01730652 serial 593, dated 4/5/2021 at 10:19, carries the text-layer reading "(U) SIMON ANDRIES2 02.16.2021," and serial 595, dated 4/23/2021 at 13:26, reads "NTOC2020 288hmb01 Alleged Money Laundering by Howard Lutnick via BGC Financial and Cantor Fitzgerald." The FD-302 printed "50D-NY-3027571 Serial 593" records an interview of February 16, 2021 and was entered April 5, 2021, and the Guardian form of April 23, 2021 is printed "50D-NY-3027571 Serial 595."[^23][^2][^19]
On page EFTA01730654 serial 530, dated 10/19/2020 at 12:52, reads "(U) On 10/19/2020, at 11:43 AM Eastern Time," followed by redactions; serial 531 of 3:03 p.m. that day reads "On 10/19/2020, at 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time." The intake form of October 19, 2020 (EFTA01249205) records "Date/Time Received: 10/19/2020 12:11 PM EDT" and a call "at 11:43 AM Eastern Time" to the National Threat Operations Center "to report information about Howard Lutnick." The intake does not print a serial number; its correspondence with serial 530 is by call time. The FBI email of January 30, 2025 from the [[Enterprise Vetting Center]] states that Lutnick "is listed in the following [PENDING CASE(s)]: 272-NY-0 Serial 197 and 50D-NY-3027571Serial 530," and the reply of the same day refers to "serial 195 in the 272-NY-0 subfile, not 197" and to "the Guardian in serial 196." In the index of 50D-NY-3027571, serial 197 is dated 8/2/2019 at 10:22 (page EFTA01730663) and serial 195 is dated 7/31/2019 at 16:43, both entries from the summer of 2019 concerning other matters.[^23][^18][^24]
### Death
The Banker published on October 2, 2026 an article by Chris Newlands headed "Whistleblower who flagged Lutnick's links to Epstein dies," which stated that Andriesz "has died by suicide," that he was 57, and that his death "was confirmed by Andy Agathangelou, the founder of campaign group Transparency Task Force." Agathangelou was quoted: "It is with great sadness that we share the news that Simon Andriesz, a valued member of our community, passed away last week." The article repeated the BBC's account of the 2018 email chain and Lutnick's statement that "I unequivocally condemn the conduct attributed to Jeffrey Epstein and everyone who participated in his illegal activities."[^1][^4]
@ -106,9 +160,19 @@ The Banker published on October 2, 2026 an article by Chris Newlands headed "Whi
[^6]: Transparency Task Force, "The Simon Andriesz Story; and the Role of the Financial Conduct Authority," event of July 21, 2026. https://transparencytaskforce.org/the-simon-andriesz-story-and-the-role-of-the-financial-conduct-authority/
[^7]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01684300, DataSet 10, compilation of FBI Guardian complaints, pages EFTA01684332, EFTA01684377, EFTA01684392, EFTA01684407 and EFTA01684422. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01684300.pdf
[^8]: U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, release 8083-19, "CFTC Orders BGC Financial, L.P. to Pay $3 Million for Supervision, Reporting, and Recordkeeping Violations," November 22, 2019. https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8083-19
[^9]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01648946 (page 2), DataSet 10, email of July 24, 2025, "Epstein - Cellmate Interview"; EFTA01648951, EFTA01656173 and EFTA01660622, DataSet 10. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01648946.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01648951.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01656173.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01660622.pdf
[^10]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01249205, DataSet 9, FBI Intake, October 19, 2020. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01249205.pdf
[^11]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01249207, DataSet 9, FD-302, 50D-NY-3027571 Serial 593, interview of February 16, 2021 (pages EFTA01249207 to EFTA01249209). https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01249207.pdf
[^12]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00173881, DataSet 9, email chain "Expedite ARMS Reach - Howard William Lutnick," January 30, 2025. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00173881.pdf
[^13]: U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, transcribed interview of Howard Lutnick, May 6, 2026, p. 30. https://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Lutnick-Transcript.pdf
[^14]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01050772, DataSet 9, email chain "Re: thanks for letting me know," May 28, 2018. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01050772.pdf
[^9]: FINRA Dispute Resolution Services, Award, Arbitration No. 19-01751, Simon D. Andriesz v. BGC Financial, L.P., et al., served September 12, 2022, filed as Exhibit 1 (docket 27-1), Andriesz v. BGC Financial, L.P., No. 1:24-cv-07004 (S.D.N.Y.), December 6, 2024, pp. 1-6. https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69166995/andriesz-v-bgc-financial-lp/
[^10]: FINRA Dispute Resolution Services, Award, Arbitration No. 22-02539, June 17, 2024, filed as docket 36-2, Andriesz v. BGC Financial, L.P., No. 1:24-cv-07004 (S.D.N.Y.), January 2, 2025, pp. 8-12. https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69166995/andriesz-v-bgc-financial-lp/
[^11]: Opinion and Order, Andriesz v. BGC Financial, L.P., No. 24-cv-7004 (LJL) (S.D.N.Y. April 23, 2025) (Liman, J.), docket 37, pp. 2-4, 7-12, 16-26. https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69166995/andriesz-v-bgc-financial-lp/
[^12]: Judgment, Andriesz v. BGC Financial, L.P., No. 24 Civ. 7004 (LJL) (S.D.N.Y. April 24, 2025), docket 38; Respondent's Memorandum of Law in Opposition to the Petition, docket 26, December 6, 2024, pp. 1 and 30. https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69166995/andriesz-v-bgc-financial-lp/
[^13]: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, Order, Andriesz v. BGC Financial, L.P., No. 25-1341, June 16, 2025, with mandate issued August 28, 2025 (S.D.N.Y. docket 40). https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69166995/andriesz-v-bgc-financial-lp/
[^14]: Respondent's Memorandum of Law in Opposition to the Petition, Andriesz v. BGC Financial, L.P., No. 1:24-cv-07004 (S.D.N.Y. December 6, 2024), docket 26, p. 12 (ECF p. 18), quoting Declaration of Nirav S. Shah, Exhibit 32, at Andriesz004091. https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69166995/andriesz-v-bgc-financial-lp/
[^15]: Employment Tribunals (England and Wales), Mr S Andriesz v BGC Partners LP and others, case 3200408/2025, Written Reasons of Employment Judge B Beyzade, dated August 11, 2026, paragraphs 1, 11, 21, 23, 25, 28 to 31, 44 to 83. https://www.gov.uk/employment-tribunal-decisions/mr-s-andriesz-v-bgc-partners-lp-and-others-3200408-slash-2025
[^16]: Employment Tribunals (England and Wales), Mr S Andriesz v TFS Derivatives Ltd, cases 2204781/2021 and 2201379/2022, judgment of Employment Judge Mark Sutton KC, hearing of February 10, 2025, sent to the parties February 19, 2025. https://www.gov.uk/employment-tribunal-decisions/s-andriesz-v-tfs-derivatives-ltd-2204781-slash-2021-and-2201379-slash-2022
[^17]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01648946 (page 2), DataSet 10, email of July 24, 2025, "Epstein - Cellmate Interview"; EFTA01648951, EFTA01656173 and EFTA01660622, DataSet 10. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01648946.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01648951.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01656173.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01660622.pdf
[^18]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01249205, DataSet 9, FBI Intake, October 19, 2020. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01249205.pdf
[^19]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01249207, DataSet 9, FD-302, 50D-NY-3027571 Serial 593, interview of February 16, 2021 (pages EFTA01249207 to EFTA01249209). https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01249207.pdf
[^20]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00173881, DataSet 9, email chain "Expedite ARMS Reach - Howard William Lutnick," January 30, 2025. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00173881.pdf
[^21]: U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, transcribed interview of Howard Lutnick, May 6, 2026, p. 30. https://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Lutnick-Transcript.pdf
[^22]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01050772, DataSet 9, email chain "Re: thanks for letting me know," May 28, 2018. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01050772.pdf
[^23]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01730634, DataSet 10, serial index of case 50D-NY-3027571, pages EFTA01730652, EFTA01730654 and EFTA01730663. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01730634.pdf
[^24]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00173883 and EFTA00173881, DataSet 9, email chain "Expedite ARMS Reach - Howard William Lutnick," January 30, 2025. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00173883.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00173881.pdf