vault backup: 2026-10-05 17:25:58

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Science Applications International Corporation.md

@@ -1,21 +1,124 @@
 ---
+aliases:
+  - SAIC
+  - Science Applications International Corporation
+  - Science Applications Incorporated
+  - Science Applications Inc
+  - SAI
 created: 2025-01-09
-updated: 2025-01-29
+updated: 2026-10-05
 title: Science Applications International Corporation
 tags:
+  - Organization
   - SAIC
-  - Stargate Project
-  - Department of Defense
-description: SAIC, founded in 1969, evolved from nuclear research to diverse projects like radiation therapy and missile development. Its unique structure supported classified DoD programs and later consciousness research, including the Stargate Project, which it managed until 1994 before its declassification in 1995.
+  - DefenseContractor
+  - EmployeeOwned
+  - StargateProject
+  - CognitiveSciencesLaboratory
+  - NationalSecurity
+  - DefenseIntelligenceAgency
+  - MilitaryIntelligence
+description: Employee-owned San Diego defense and intelligence contractor founded in 1969 that held the Defense Intelligence Agency's Star Gate research contracts from 1991 to 1995 through Edwin May's Cognitive Sciences Laboratory.
 category: "Private Organization"
 start: 1969
-location: "La Jolla, California"
-summary: "The Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) was founded in 1969 by J Robert Beyster as Science Applications Incorporated (SAI)."
+location: "San Diego, California"
+summary: "Employee-owned defense and intelligence contractor founded in 1969 by J. Robert Beyster, whose Cognitive Sciences Laboratory held the Defense Intelligence Agency's Star Gate research contracts from 1991 to 1995."
+relations:
+  - type: founded
+    with: "[[J Robert Beyster]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 1969
+    role: "founder, chairman and chief executive officer"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: contractor_to
+    with: "[[Defense Intelligence Agency]]"
+    start: 1991
+    end: 1995
+    role: "sole-source prime contractor for phenomenological research (contracts MDA908-91-C-0037 and MDA908-93-C-0004) through the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory"
+    fn: 9
+  - type: contractor_to
+    with: "[[U.S. Army]]"
+    start: 1993
+    end: 1997
+    role: "customer accounting for 15 percent of consolidated revenue in fiscal 1993, 17 percent in 1994, 19 percent in 1995, 22 percent in 1996 and 16 percent in 1997"
+    fn: 4
+  - type: contractor_to
+    with: "[[U.S. Air Force]]"
+    start: 1993
+    end: 1997
+    role: "customer accounting for 12 percent of consolidated revenue in fiscal 1993 and 1994, 11 percent in 1995, 9 percent in 1996 and 8 percent in 1997"
+    fn: 4
+  - type: director_of
+    with: "[[Bobby Ray Inman]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 1982
+    role: "director; part-time employee from 1990; chairman of the Executive Committee in fiscal 2001"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: director_of
+    with: "[[Jasper Welch]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 1984
+    role: "director; retired Air Force major general; part-time employee from July 1990"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: director_of
+    with: "[[Wayne Downing]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 1996
+    role: "director; retired commander in chief of U.S. Special Operations Command"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: director_of
+    with: "[[Melvin Laird]]"
+    reverse: true
+    role: "listed among the directors on the signature page of the annual report for the year ended January 31, 1995"
+    fn: 3
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Edwin May]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 1991
+    end: 1996
+    role: "director of the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory"
+    fn: 9
 ---
-The Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) was founded in 1969 by [[J Robert Beyster]] as Science Applications Incorporated (SAI). Beyster remained with the company, which was employee owned, until 2003 which paved the way to it’s 2006 initial public offering and 2012 split into two companies (SAIC and Leidos which is the core of the original SAIC).
+Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) was founded in 1969 by [[J Robert Beyster]], who was chairman and chief executive officer from that year and president from 1969 to 1988 and again from June 1998.[^1] The company was owned by its employees, with its stock traded at a formula price set by the board, and its headquarters in the 1990s was at 10260 Campus Point Drive in San Diego.[^2] The registrant filing under CIK 353394 now carries the name Leidos, Inc. and lists "Science Applications International Corp" as its former name for filings through October 11, 2013; a separate registrant, CIK 1571123, files as SAIC.[^3]
 
-During this period, SAIC operated through a unique structure of semi-autonomous divisions, allowing it to simultaneously pursue multiple classified programs for the [[Department of Defense]] while maintaining information compartmentalization. This structure would prove crucial in its later involvement with consciousness research and advanced physics programs.
+### Federal revenue and business lines
 
-The company initially focused on nuclear power and weapons effects study programs but expanded into: radiation therapy, development of the cruise missle (1970’s), cleanup of Three Mile Island, and even luggage inspection machines for the FAA.
+For the fiscal year ended January 31, 1995, the company reported revenues of $1,921,880,000, of which 86 percent came from the [[United States]] government as prime or subcontractor. The [[U.S. Army]] accounted for 19 percent of consolidated revenue (17 percent in fiscal 1994 and 15 percent in 1993), the [[U.S. Air Force]] for 11 percent (12 percent in both earlier years), the [[U.S. Navy]] for 10 percent and the [[Department of Energy]] for 11 percent.[^2] The Army share rose to 22 percent in fiscal 1996 and fell to 16 percent in 1997, while the Air Force share fell to 9 and then 8 percent.[^4][^5] The 1995 annual report lists, among its national security services, studies on "conventional and nuclear warfare issues, treaty negotiation and verification," imagery collection, processing and exploitation systems for the [[Department of Defense]], engineering support to the Army's chemical demilitarization activity, and "systems engineering and technical assistance for cruise missiles, future aircraft and ballistic missile concepts."[^2] Its subsidiaries in 1995 included Network Solutions, Inc.; by 1997 that subsidiary held an agreement with the [[National Science Foundation]] to set aside 30 percent of domain-name registration receipts, and the company held a contract to support the [[National Cancer Institute]]'s Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center at [[Fort Detrick]], [[Maryland]].[^2][^5] On November 20, 1996 it agreed to buy Bell Communications Research (Bellcore), a company of about 5,500 employees and $1 billion in annual revenue.[^5]
 
-[[Edwin May]] moved the [[Stargate Project]] in 1991 following [[Stanford Research Institute]] stepping away. SAIC operated the project until 1994 at which point is was declassified in 1995.
+### Officers and directors
+
+The 1995 annual report lists as executive officers [[Donald M. Kerr]], corporate executive vice president, formerly president of EG&G, Inc.; D. H. Foley, a sector vice president who had been Director of Special Projects at the [[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] from 1985 until he joined SAIC in 1991; S. D. Rockwood, a sector vice president formerly with [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]; and R. A. Rosenberg, an executive vice president who served as an officer in the U.S. Air Force from 1957 to 1987.[^2] The signature page, dated April 1995, carries the names of directors including B. R. Inman, J. A. Welch, M. R. Laird, M. R. Thurman, D. A. Hicks, E. A. Frieman and D. M. Kerr.[^3]
+
+A proxy statement of 2001 gives biographies. Admiral [[Bobby Ray Inman]], a director since 1982, had joined the company in 1990 as a part-time employee after serving as Director of the [[NSA]] and [[Deputy Director of Central Intelligence]]; in fiscal 2001 he chaired the Executive Committee, whose charter included "overseeing and assisting in the formulation and implementation of human resource management, scientific research policies and financial matters." [[Jasper Welch]], a director since 1984 and a part-time employee from July 1990, was a retired Air Force major general with 31 years of service. General [[Wayne Downing]], a director from 1996 and a part-time employee from March 1996, had commanded the U.S. Special Operations Command, the Army Special Operations Command and the [[Joint Special Operations Command]]. [[Duane Andrews]], a director from 1996, had been Assistant Secretary of Defense from 1989 to 1993, and [[Anita K. Jones]], a director from 1987 to 1993 and again from 1998, was Director of Defense Research and Engineering from 1993 to 1997.[^1] [[Melvin Laird]], Secretary of Defense from 1969 to 1973, is listed in a biographical summary as a director of the company.[^6]
+
+### Cognitive Sciences Laboratory and Star Gate
+
+[[Edwin May]], who had run the psychoenergetics program at [[SRI International]] from 1985, became director of SAIC's [[Cognitive Sciences Laboratory]] in 1991. A [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] justification for other than full and open competition states that he "has since joined" SAIC "and has taken his extensive data base and key research assistants with him."[^7] The laboratory's address in 1992 was 1010 El Camino Real, Suite 330, [[Menlo Park]], [[California]], where the DD Form 254 security specification names the Defense Investigative Service at the Presidio of [[San Francisco]] as cognizant security office; by 1995 its letterhead gave 330 Cowper Street, [[Palo Alto]].[^7][^8]
+
+On June 7, 1991 May and [[Wanda L. W. Luke]] delivered "A Comprehensive Research Plan for Anomalous Mental Phenomena." It proposed "a 175 man-year program" starting in fiscal 1992 at about $7.5 million for each of the first two years, rising to a total of $30 million over five years, with subcontracts to the general research community and a technical panel "of academic and government experts."[^9] What Congress supplied was smaller. A Defense Intelligence Agency summary prepared for the Senate Appropriations Committee records $2 million received in fiscal 1991 ($1.5 million for research and $0.5 million for operations and maintenance), a "sole source R&D contract ($1.5 million)" with SAIC's Cognitive Sciences Laboratory "on line by July 1991," a further $2 million for research in fiscal 1992, and an authorization of $0.6 million for Star Gate in fiscal 1993.[^10] The first contract was MDA908-91-C-0037. A second action, funded from the fiscal 1992 line for "Congressional Directed Programs," was a $1,450,000 sole-source award justified by the [[Virginia Contracting Activity]] under the authority "Only one Responsible Source." The justification gave SAIC's "extensive classified data base which has co-mingled with both government and proprietary data" as a reason no other contractor could perform the work and named a second SAIC physicist, a Dr. Angelo, with more than ten years in the field; a sibling award is cited as MDA908-93-C-0004.[^7][^11]
+
+The statement of work for the 1992 award required use of "a technical review group (e.g., a Scientific Oversight Committee, a Human Use Review Panel and a Policy Board)" established in the earlier effort.[^7] SAIC's 1992 technical volume describes the Scientific Oversight Committee as five voting scientists in physics, astronomy, statistics, neuroscience and psychology, adds Professor Steven A. Hillyard of the [[University of California, San Diego]], and lists an Institutional Review Board whose members included [[Louis Jolyon West]] (neuropsychiatry, [[University of California, Los Angeles]]), [[Robert Livingston]] (neuroscience, UC San Diego), Byron Brown (Stanford biostatistics), Robin Michelson (UC San Francisco) and [[Garrison Rapmund]], listed there as of the "Air Force Science Advisory Board."[^12] Rapmund, a retired Army major general who had commanded the [[United States Army Medical Research and Development Command]] at Fort Detrick, chaired the board in 1993.[^13]
+
+The contract schedule for MDA908-93-C-0004 directed deliveries to "Defense Intelligence Agency, Building 6000, Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, D.C. 20032."[^14] In December 1992 a staff study for the Defense Intelligence Agency, written after the fiscal 1993 conference report asked it to examine moving Star Gate to the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center at Fort Detrick, recorded that the project, "housed in temporary facilities at Fort George G. Meade," drew on external research under the SAIC contract, that Fort Meade "is an open military post," and that the project building was "a substandard World War II pre-fabricated frame structure." The agency kept the project at [[Fort Meade]].[^10][^15]
+
+SAIC's experiments were the basis of the 1995 evaluation by the [[American Institutes for Research]] (see [[1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate]]). An April 20, 1995 memorandum of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]]'s Office of Research and Development records that "Ed May of SAIC called this morning and volunteered to send me unsolicited information he had obtained from a 'remote viewer' named 'Joe' relating to the Oklahoma City Bombing"; the covering memorandum to the Counterterrorist Center states: "We attach no credibility to this information."[^16] May resigned from the review contract on November 28, 1995, the day the report was released, and in 1996 the laboratory's work moved from SAIC to the Laboratories for Fundamental Research.[^17] The page for Edwin May gives the full account of his objections to the review.
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Science Applications International Corporation, definitive proxy statement for the 2001 annual meeting (Form DEF 14A, filed May 30, 2001), "Nominees for Election" and committee descriptions. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/353394/000091205701518019/0000912057-01-518019.txt
+[^2]: Science Applications International Corporation, Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 1995, Items 1 and 4, executive officer table and subsidiary list. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/353394/0000912057-95-002498.txt
+[^3]: Same Form 10-K, signature page; Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 1994, signature page, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/353394/0000912057-94-001362.txt ; Securities and Exchange Commission company index for CIK 0000353394, https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000353394&type=10-K
+[^4]: Science Applications International Corporation, Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 1996 (customer percentages). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/353394/0000936392-96-000116.txt
+[^5]: Science Applications International Corporation, Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 1997 (customer percentages; Network Solutions; National Cancer Institute contract; Bellcore agreement). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/353394/0000936392-97-000561.txt
+[^6]: CIA-RDP96-00792R000400300004-7 ("its board of directors includes such luminaries as Bobby Ray Inman and Melvin Laird"), https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00792r000400300004-7; Academy of Diplomacy, biographical page for Melvin R. Laird, https://www.academyofdiplomacy.org/members-1/laird/melvin-r.
+[^7]: Defense Intelligence Agency acquisition package for purchase request 330/026Z/92: statement of work paragraphs 2.6, 2.7, 5.1 to 5.4, DD Form 254, military interdepartmental purchase request and "Justification and Approval for Other Than Full and Open Competition," CIA-RDP96-00789R003000460008-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^8]: SAIC memorandum of May 31, 1995 on Cognitive Sciences Laboratory letterhead, as described on the page for Edwin May; May and Luke, *Phenomenological Research and Analysis,* technical proposal of August 27, 1992, CIA-RDP96-00789R003100200001-5.
+[^9]: May, Edwin C., and Wanda L. W. Luke, *A Comprehensive Research Plan for Anomalous Mental Phenomena,* SAIC, June 7, 1991, section VI, CIA-RDP96-00789R003100080001-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^10]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Senate Appropriations Committee Congressionally Directed Action: Star Gate," CIA-RDP96-00789R002900010001-9; Staff Study, "Transfer of Project Star Gate to the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center," December 1992, CIA-RDP96-00789R002500130001-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^11]: Second justification and approval, purchase request 330/0262/93, CIA-RDP96-00789R003000200009-8, and the contract schedule CIA-RDP96-00789R003000460007-2 (contract number MDA908-93-C-0004), as cited on the page for Edwin May.
+[^12]: May, Edwin C., and Wanda L. W. Luke, *Phenomenological Research and Analysis: Technical Volume,* May 8, 1992, contract MDA908-91-C-0037, section 6.5.1, CIA-RDP96-00789R003100170001-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^13]: SAIC, Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, Institutional Review Board minutes, January 22, 1993 (members attending include Garrison Rapmund, M.D., chairman, and Louis Jolyon West, M.D.), CIA-RDP96-00789R003100260001-9, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00789r003100260001-9.
+[^14]: Delivery schedule, contract MDA908-93-C-0004, CIA-RDP96-00789R003000460007-2. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^15]: Staff Study of December 1992 (note 10), sections on background and discussion.
+[^16]: Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Research and Development, memorandum for the record, April 20, 1995, and covering memorandum to the Counterterrorist Center, as quoted on the page for Edwin May.
+[^17]: May, Edwin C., commentary in the *Journal of Parapsychology* (1996) and interview of May 12, 1996, as cited on the page for Edwin May.