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category: "Key Figures"
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created: 2024-04-25
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updated: 2026-05-17
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updated: 2026-09-25
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tags:
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- Person
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- IranContra
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- PROMIS
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- ArmsDealer
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- BCCI
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summary: Adnan Khashoggi (1935-2017) was a Saudi billionaire arms dealer and key Iran-Contra middleman who bridged financing for the Reagan administration's arms sales to Iran through BCCI, and was named alongside Manucher Ghorbanifar and Richard Armitage in the May 1985 Reynolds letter as a broker for the covert distribution of PROMIS software.
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summary: "Adnan Khashoggi (1935-2017) was a Saudi arms dealer and Iran-Contra middleman whose arms sales to Iran were bridge-financed through BCCI and who was named as a PROMIS software broker in 1985."
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born: 1935-07-25
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died: 2017-06-06
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location: "Mecca, Saudi Arabia"
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relations:
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- type: partner_of
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with: "[[Manucher Ghorbanifar]]"
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role: "co-intermediaries in the Iran arms sales"
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fn: 1
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- type: participant_in
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with: "[[Iran-Contra Affair]]"
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role: "middleman and bridge financier for the arms sales to Iran"
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fn: 1
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- type: investigated
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with: "[[Switzerland]]"
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reverse: true
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role: "arrested on charges of concealing funds, held three months, extradited"
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start: 1988
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fn: 1
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- type: prosecuted
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with: "[[Southern District of New York]]"
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reverse: true
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role: "racketeering and fraud; acquitted with Imelda Marcos"
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end: 1990
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fn: 1
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- type: relative_of
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with: "[[Samira Khashoggi Fayed]]"
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role: "brother"
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fn: 1
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- type: relative_of
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with: "[[Jamal Khashoggi]]"
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role: "uncle"
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fn: 6
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- type: relative_of
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with: "[[Hassan Yassin]]"
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role: "cousin"
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fn: 4
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---
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[[Adnan Khashoggi]] (25 July 1935 – 6 June 2017) was an international arms merchant and a factotum for the House of Saud. He was considered the richest man in the world in the 1980s. Khashoggi covered his financial tracks by establishing front companies in [[Switzerland]] and [[Liechtenstein]] to handle his commissions. He also developed contacts with notable figures such as [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] officers [[James H. Critchfield]] and [[Kim Roosevelt]], and U.S. businessman [[Bebe Rebozo]], a close associate of former U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]].[^1]
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@ -19,21 +52,37 @@ Khashoggi's sister, [[Samira Khashoggi Fayed]], was the mother of [[Dodi Fayed]]
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### Involvement in Iran-Contra Affair and PROMIS Scandal
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Khashoggi was implicated in the [[Iran-Contra Affair]] as a key middleman in the arms-for-hostages exchange, working alongside Iranian arms dealer [[Manucher Ghorbanifar]]. He was found to have borrowed money for these arms purchases from the now-bankrupt financial institution, the [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International|BCCI]], with [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] and U.S. backing.[^1] BCCI helped Adnan Khashoggi finance the sale of arms to [[Iran]] as a part of the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan Administration]]'s Iran-Contra effort.[^2] Khashoggi participated in five of the deals for the [[United States]], and BCCI provided the bridge financing through [[Israel]] to [[Iran]].[^3]
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Khashoggi was implicated in the [[Iran-Contra Affair]] as a key middleman in the arms-for-hostages exchange, working alongside Iranian arms dealer [[Manucher Ghorbanifar]]. He was found to have borrowed money for these arms purchases from the now-bankrupt financial institution, the [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International|BCCI]], with [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] and U.S. backing.[^1] BCCI helped Adnan Khashoggi finance the sale of arms to [[Iran]] as a part of the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan Administration]]'s Iran-Contra effort.[^2] Khashoggi participated in five of the deals for the [[United States]], and BCCI provided the bridge financing through [[Israel]] to Iran.[^3]
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He was also involved in brokering the transaction of [[PROMIS]] software to an Arab Sheik for resale and general distribution. He was mentioned in a document dated May 16, 1985, along with [[Manucher Ghorbanifar]] and [[Richard Armitage]], as individuals who would broker this transaction. [[William Bradford Reynolds]] independently remembered Armitage, Khashoggi, and Ghorbanifar working together on [[PROMIS]].[^1]
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He was also involved in brokering the transaction of [[PROMIS]] software to an Arab Sheik for resale and general distribution. He was mentioned in a document dated May 16, 1985, along with Manucher Ghorbanifar and [[Richard Armitage]], as individuals who would broker this transaction. [[William Bradford Reynolds]] independently remembered Armitage, Khashoggi, and Ghorbanifar working together on PROMIS.[^1]
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### Legal Troubles
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In 1988, Khashoggi was arrested in [[Switzerland]], accused of concealing funds. He was held for three months and then extradited to the [[United States]], where he was released on bail and subsequently acquitted. In 1990, a [[United States|U.S.]] federal jury in Manhattan acquitted Khashoggi and [[Imelda Marcos]], widow of the exiled Philippine President [[Ferdinand Marcos]], of racketeering and fraud.[^1]
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In 1988, Khashoggi was arrested in Switzerland, accused of concealing funds. He was held for three months and then extradited to the United States, where he was released on bail and subsequently acquitted. In 1990, a U.S. federal jury in Manhattan acquitted Khashoggi and [[Imelda Marcos]], widow of the exiled Philippine President [[Ferdinand Marcos]], of racketeering and fraud.[^1]
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### Connections
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His cousin, [[Hassan Yassin]], was described as a close business associate of [[Kamal Adham]].[^4]
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### Death and the Khashoggi Name in the Epstein Library
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Khashoggi died in London on June 6, 2017, aged 81, after suffering from Parkinson's disease. His family's statement said he had "combined commercial acumen with an over-riding loyalty to his country, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. His work always furthered the interests of his country."[^5] His nephew, the journalist [[Jamal Khashoggi]], was killed in the Saudi consulate in [[Istanbul]] on October 2, 2018.[^6]
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In the days after Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance his name circulated among [[Jeffrey Epstein]]'s correspondents. On October 12, 2018 Epstein's accountant, [[Richard Kahn]], sent him a *[[New York Post]]* report that [[Richard Branson]] had halted a project with Saudi Arabia over the disappearance.[^7] On October 13 the former UN envoy [[Terje Rød-Larsen]] forwarded him [[Elliott Abrams]]'s *[[Washington Post]]* column "Why Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance will haunt the Saudi government."[^8] On October 15 the author [[Edward Jay Epstein]] sent him a *[[The Federalist|Federalist]]* article, "10 Questions To Answer About Khashoggi Before Buying The Narrative."[^9] On November 17, 2018 a correspondent sent Epstein the *Washington Post* report "CIA concludes Saudi crown prince ordered Jamal Khashoggi's assassination" with the question "What does that mean ?"; Epstein replied, "not good."[^10] On December 5, 2018 Epstein sent a correspondent listed as "Jabor Y." a link to a report on Senator [[Lindsey Graham]]'s criticism of Crown Prince [[Mohammed bin Salman]] over the killing.[^11]
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On February 5, 2020 an unsolicited message titled "Khashoggi connects to Epstein," which referred to the Khashoggi yacht *Nabila*, reached the [[U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York]]; it was forwarded internally with the note "I am passing this on" and its receipt was acknowledged. Its claims were not corroborated.[^12] No document located in the [[Epstein Files|Epstein Library]] records contact between Epstein and Adnan Khashoggi.
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.
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[^2]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 12.
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[^3]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 387.
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[^4]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 352.
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[^5]: "Family says arms dealer Adnan Khashoggi dies at 81." *Associated Press,* via *Fox News,* June 6, 2017. https://www.foxnews.com/world/family-says-arms-dealer-adnan-khashoggi-dies-at-81
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[^6]: "Jamal Khashoggi: A Profile." *Voice of America,* October 11, 2018 (updated October 19, 2018). https://www.voanews.com/a/who-is-jamal-khashoggi/4610403.html
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[^7]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02619942, DataSet 11, email from Richard Kahn to Jeffrey Epstein, October 12, 2018. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02619942.pdf
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[^8]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01019780, DataSet 9, email from Terje Rod-Larsen to Jeffrey Epstein, October 13, 2018. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01019780.pdf
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[^9]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02619510, DataSet 11, email from Edward Epstein to Jeffrey Epstein, October 15, 2018. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02619510.pdf
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[^10]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02614545, DataSet 11, email to jeevacation@gmail.com, November 17, 2018. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02614545.pdf ; U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02617007, DataSet 11, reply chain, November 17, 2018. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02617007.pdf
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[^11]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02611297, DataSet 11, email from jeevacation@gmail.com to "Jabor Y.," December 5, 2018. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02611297.pdf
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[^12]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00104025, DataSet 9, internal U.S. Attorney's Office (SDNY) forwarding chain, "Khashoggi connects to Epstein," February 5-6, 2020. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00104025.pdf
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