vault backup: 2026-10-12 21:40:22

20 - ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Industrias Cardoen.md

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ The product list includes demolition charges, Bangalore torpedo charges, hand gr
 
 ### Miami arrest, 1983
 
-[[Kenneth R. Timmerman]] wrote that on August 2, 1983, [[U.S. Customs]] officers arrested Cardoen in Miami over night-vision goggles bound for Chile, and that the case ended in a plea bargain with a fine of 100,000 dollars on his company.[^3] Timmerman quoted Thomas L. Flannery, who investigated [[James Guerin]] for the Lancaster Intelligencer Journal, as saying that by the time fuzes for cluster bombs made by [[International Signal and Control]] were shipped to Iraq in 1984, Guerin and Cardoen were old friends who had made a sweeping agreement "to split the world cluster bomb market in two," with Cardoen taking Latin America and "special" countries such as Iraq and Guerin the rest of the Gulf, Pakistan and South Africa.[^4] A declaration signed by [[Howard Teicher]], a former [[National Security Council]] staff member, on January 31, 1995 dated the arrest to 1983 in Miami in a sting operation concerning the smuggling of night-vision goggles to Cuba and Libya and stated that the highest levels of the U.S. government, including the NSC staff and the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], were well aware of it.[^5] In a corrective declaration of October 3, 1996 Teicher wrote that, although he understood Cardoen had been arrested, "the other information in this paragraph is incorrect."[^6]
+[[Kenneth R. Timmerman]] wrote that on August 2, 1983, [[U.S. Customs]] officers arrested Cardoen in Miami over night-vision goggles bound for Chile, and that the case ended in a plea bargain with a fine of 100,000 dollars on his company.[^3] Timmerman quoted Thomas L. Flannery, who investigated [[James Guerin]] for the Lancaster Intelligencer Journal, as saying that by the time fuzes for cluster bombs made by [[International Signal and Control]] were shipped to Iraq in 1984, Guerin and Cardoen were old friends who had made a sweeping agreement "to split the world cluster bomb market in two," with Cardoen taking Latin America and "special" countries such as Iraq and Guerin the rest of the Gulf, Pakistan and South Africa.[^4] A declaration signed by [[Howard Teicher]], a former [[National Security Council]] staff member, on January 31, 1995 dated the arrest to 1983 in Miami in a sting operation concerning the smuggling of night-vision goggles to Cuba and Libya and stated that the highest levels of the U.S. government, including the NSC staff and the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], were well aware of it.[^5] In a corrective declaration of October 31, 1996 Teicher wrote that, although he understood Cardoen had been arrested, "the other information in this paragraph is incorrect."[^6]
 
 ### Iraqi sales and the Israeli approach
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ The district court found no evidence supporting the theory that the CIA had secr
 
 On January 31, 1995, Howard Teicher signed a declaration under penalty of perjury in case No. 93-241-CR, captioned for Judge Highsmith. It states that he was on the NSC staff from 1982 to 1987, that "the CIA authorized, approved and assisted Cardoen in the manufacture and sale of cluster bombs," and that CIA Director Casey directed the secretaries of State and Commerce on the necessary licenses. The declaration opens by stating that nothing in it is classified. [[Robert Parry]] reported that Teicher named Casey and his deputy Gates as having "authorized, approved and assisted" the delivery of cluster bombs to Iraq, that the defense attorney [[Gerald Houlihan]] angered prosecutors by publicly filing it, that the government sealed it as a state secret while attacking Teicher's credibility, and that Teicher was blocked from testifying and his statements kept from the jury on grounds of relevance. [[Consortium News]] added that a federal grand jury had begun hearing testimony on a related complaint over the submission of a defense affidavit.[^5][^22][^23]
 
-The United States served a corrective declaration signed by Teicher on October 3, 1996, with a notice of filing served November 8, 1996. In it Teicher wrote that attorneys for Teledyne had prepared the January 31, 1995 declaration and faxed it to him; that he had not reviewed or indexed his National Security Council files since 1987; that his statements in paragraphs 15 through 18, which refer to what his files "will contain," reflected his best memory and belief and were not intended as "categorical statements of fact"; and that he has no actual knowledge that his files contain such information. He wrote that he is "not aware of any specific evidence that the United States government or any government official or agency took steps to help Cardoen obtain any U.S.-origin components for use in cluster bombs," and is not aware of specific evidence that any such official or agency helped Cardoen supply munitions to Iraq in any other way. As to paragraph 17, he wrote that although he understood Cardoen had been arrested, "the other information in this paragraph is incorrect." The corrective declaration does not address paragraphs 1 through 14 of the January text, including paragraph 14, which describes the supply of Cardoen's cluster bombs to Iraq as an "extension" of United States policy toward Iraq.[^6]
+The United States served a corrective declaration signed by Teicher on October 31, 1996, with a notice of filing served November 8, 1996. In it Teicher wrote that attorneys for Teledyne had prepared the January 31, 1995 declaration and faxed it to him; that he had not reviewed or indexed his National Security Council files since 1987; that his statements in paragraphs 15 through 18, which refer to what his files "will contain," reflected his best memory and belief and were not intended as "categorical statements of fact"; and that he has no actual knowledge that his files contain such information. He wrote that he is "not aware of any specific evidence that the United States government or any government official or agency took steps to help Cardoen obtain any U.S.-origin components for use in cluster bombs," and is not aware of specific evidence that any such official or agency helped Cardoen supply munitions to Iraq in any other way. As to paragraph 17, he wrote that although he understood Cardoen had been arrested, "the other information in this paragraph is incorrect." The corrective declaration does not address paragraphs 1 through 14 of the January text, including paragraph 14, which describes the supply of Cardoen's cluster bombs to Iraq as an "extension" of United States policy toward Iraq.[^6]
 
 ### Extradition, 2019 and 2020
 
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ The sales sheet is one of five items in the "Promotional Material" folder, a sin
 [^2]: *United States v. Cardoen*, 898 F. Supp. 1563 (S.D. Fla. 1995) (Highsmith, J.), reissued order on hearing under section 6 of the Classified Information Procedures Act, No. 93-241-CR, decided August 29, 1995 (original order December 28, 1994; hearing November 18 and 23, 1994), https://static.case.law/f-supp/898/cases/1563-01.json.
 [^3]: Kenneth R. Timmerman, *The Death Lobby: How the West Armed Iraq* (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991), pp. 166-170.
 [^4]: Kenneth R. Timmerman, *The Death Lobby: How the West Armed Iraq* (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1991), pp. 168-169. The quotation is Timmerman's quotation of Thomas L. Flannery.
-[^5]: Declaration of Howard Teicher, executed January 31, 1995, *United States v. Cardoen*, No. 93-241-CR-HIGHSMITH (S.D. Fla.), paragraphs 14 to 18, as transcribed at http://spikethenews.blogspot.com/2016/01/the-teicher-affidavit.html (January 2016). The declaration was reported sealed in the court file.
-[^6]: Declaration of Howard R. Teicher (corrective), *United States v. Carlos Cardoen et al.*, No. 93-241-CR-Highsmith (S.D. Fla.), dated October 3, 1996, with the United States' notice of filing served November 8, 1996, paragraphs 2 to 7, https://archive.org/details/utf-893cr-241-de-679. Addresses paragraphs 15 to 18 of the January 31, 1995 declaration.
+[^5]: Declaration of Howard Teicher, executed January 31, 1995, *United States v. Cardoen*, No. 93-241-CR-HIGHSMITH (S.D. Fla.), paragraphs 14 to 18 (filed copy), National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 82, document 61, https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/iraq61.pdf. The declaration was reported sealed in the court file.
+[^6]: Declaration of Howard R. Teicher (corrective), *United States v. Carlos Cardoen et al.*, No. 93-241-CR-Highsmith (S.D. Fla.), dated October 31, 1996, with the United States' notice of filing served November 8, 1996, paragraphs 2 to 7, https://archive.org/details/utf-893cr-241-de-679. Addresses paragraphs 15 to 18 of the January 31, 1995 declaration.
 [^7]: Ari Ben-Menashe, *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network* (New York: Sheridan Square Press, 1992; TrineDay reprint, 2015).
 [^8]: Alan Friedman, *Spider's Web: The Secret History of How the White House Illegally Armed Iraq* (New York: Bantam, 1993), pp. 46-54, 64.
 [^9]: Rep. Henry B. Gonzalez, "Update on BNL Investigation," *Congressional Record*, House of Representatives, January 21, 1993, p. H140 (reprinted article by William Tuohy and Douglas Frantz, "Three British Executives Cleared in Iraq Arms Sale Case"). https://irp.fas.org/congress/1993_cr/h930121-bnl.htm