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summary: "California medical facility where MKULTRA experiments were conducted on inmates, and where SLA leader Donald DeFreeze was recruited by CIA psychological warfare specialist Colston Westbrook."
location: Vacaville, California
created: 2026-06-03
updated: 2026-06-03
updated: 2026-10-12
---
The California Medical Facility, located in Vacaville, [[California]], was a state prison facility where [[MKULTRA]] experiments were conducted on inmates. The prison served as a ready population of involuntary subjects for behavioral modification experiments during the period when the [[CIA]] and the [[U.S. Army|Army]] were actively testing drugs, hypnosis, and psychological conditioning techniques.[^1]
@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ The California Medical Facility, located in Vacaville, [[California]], was a sta
[[Charles Manson]] was also incarcerated at Vacaville during periods when MKULTRA experiments were being conducted on inmates. Manson was released from [[Terminal Island]] federal penitentiary on March 21, 1967, the same year the CIA launched [[Operation CHAOS]]. His parole officer [[Roger Smith]] was based at the [[Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic]], adjacent to operations run by [[Louis Jolyon West|Dr. Louis Jolyon West]], the MKULTRA Subproject 43 chief. The question of whether Manson was a product of CIA mind control experiments has been the subject of sustained independent investigation, with researchers concluding there was a "good likelihood" of such a connection.[^2] After his conviction for the Tate-LaBianca murders, Manson served part of his sentence at Vacaville. Manson's programming techniques, which included high doses of [[LSD]] and hypnotism applied to turn flower children into killers, paralleled known CIA methods.[^1][^2]
The California Medical Facility also figured in the planning of the proposed UCLA Center for the Study and Reduction of Violence, which named the state hospitals at Atascadero, Camarillo and Vacaville as satellite facilities. A 1974 Senate Judiciary subcommittee print noted that both state facilities had attracted substantial notoriety for allegedly unethical procedures, and that their planned use would make it more difficult to monitor the center's activities.[^3]
### Footnotes
[^1]: Curt Rowlett, "Project Mind Kontrol: Did the U.S. Government Actually Create Programmed Assassins?," Steamshovel Press #16, 1998.
[^2]: Tom O'Neill with Dan Piepenbring, *Chaos: Charles Manson, the CIA, and the Secret History of the Sixties*. Little, Brown and Company, 2019.
[^3]: U.S. Senate, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Individual Rights and the Federal Role in Behavior Modification (Washington: GPO, November 1974), p. 36. https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/142690NCJRS.pdf