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10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Silvio Berlusconi.md
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@ -14,14 +14,13 @@ born: 1936-09-29
died: 2023-06-12
location: "Milan, Italy"
---
Silvio Berlusconi was born September 29, 1936, in Milan, [[Italy]], and died June 12, 2023. He founded the Fininvest business conglomerate and Mediaset media group, becoming one of Italy's wealthiest individuals, before entering politics in 1994. He served as Prime Minister three times: 1994-1995, 2001-2006, and 2008-2011, making him the longest-serving post-war Italian prime minister. His political career was defined by a series of criminal trials on charges including corruption, tax fraud, and sexual misconduct; he was convicted in some proceedings and acquitted in others, and was ultimately barred from public office for a period following a tax fraud conviction in 2013 before his political rights were restored.[^1]
Silvio Berlusconi was born September 29, 1936, in Milan, [[Italy]], and died June 12, 2023. He founded the [[Fininvest]] business conglomerate and [[Mediaset]] media group, becoming one of Italy's wealthiest individuals, before entering politics in 1994. He served as Prime Minister three times: 1994-1995, 2001-2006, and 2008-2011, making him the longest-serving post-war Italian prime minister. His political career was defined by a series of criminal trials on charges including corruption, tax fraud, and sexual misconduct; he was convicted in some proceedings and acquitted in others, and was ultimately barred from public office for a period following a tax fraud conviction in 2013 before his political rights were restored.[^1]
### P2 Membership
Berlusconi's most direct connection to this vault's subject matter is his membership in the [[P2]] (Propaganda Due) masonic lodge exposed by Italian police in 1981. The P2 membership list recovered from [[Licio Gelli]]'s villa in Arezzo contained Berlusconi's name, identifying him as member number 1816. P2 was not a conventional masonic lodge but a secret society within Italian Freemasonry that Gelli used to build a shadow network encompassing military officers, intelligence officials, politicians, bankers, and media figures committed to preventing a communist electoral victory and, in the view of parliamentary investigators, to establishing an authoritarian "State within the State."
Berlusconi's most direct connection to this vault's subject matter is his membership in the [[P2]] (Propaganda Due) masonic lodge exposed by Italian police in 1981. The P2 membership list recovered from [[Licio Gelli]]'s villa in Arezzo contained Berlusconi's name, identifying him as member number 1816. P2 was not a conventional [[Freemason|masonic]] lodge but a secret society within Italian Freemasonry that Gelli used to build a shadow network encompassing military officers, intelligence officials, politicians, bankers, and media figures committed to preventing a communist electoral victory and, in the view of parliamentary investigators, to establishing an authoritarian "State within the State."
The P2 membership's composition - including the heads of all three Italian intelligence services (SID, Sismi, Sisde), senior military figures, the chiefs of the financial police and Carabinieri, and prominent politicians and bankers - meant that Berlusconi was enrolled in the same organization as [[Gladio]]-connected figures, the bankers involved in the [[Banco Ambrosiano]] collapse, and the military figures implicated in the strategy of tension bombings of the 1970s-1980s.[^2]
The P2 membership's composition - including the heads of all three Italian intelligence services ([[SID]], [[Sismi]], [[Sisde]]), senior military figures, the chiefs of the financial police and Carabinieri, and prominent politicians and bankers - meant that Berlusconi was enrolled in the same organization as [[Gladio]]-connected figures, the bankers involved in the [[Banco Ambrosiano]] collapse, and the military figures implicated in the strategy of tension bombings of the 1970s-1980s.[^2]
### Media and Political Power