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10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Dick Cheney.md
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10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Dick Cheney.md
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---
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category: "Political Figure"
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aliases:
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- "Richard Cheney"
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- "Richard B. Cheney"
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tags:
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- Person
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- WhiteHouse
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- RockefellerCommission
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- IranContra
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- Halliburton
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summary: "Ford's chief of staff who edited the Rockefeller Commission report in 1975, co-author of the Iran-Contra minority report, Secretary of Defense, Halliburton chief executive and Vice President from 2001 to 2009."
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born: 1941-01-30
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location: "Casper, Wyoming"
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relations:
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- type: employed_by
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with: "[[White House]]"
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role: "deputy assistant to the president, then chief of staff"
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start: 1974
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end: 1977
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fn: 1
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- type: head_of
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with: "[[Department of Defense]]"
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role: "Secretary of Defense"
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start: 1989
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end: 1993
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fn: 1
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- type: head_of
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with: "[[Halliburton]]"
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role: "chief executive"
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end: 2000
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fn: 4
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created: 2026-09-22
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updated: 2026-09-22
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---
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Richard Bruce Cheney was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, on January 30, 1941, and grew up in Casper, Wyoming. He was a congressional fellow in 1968, worked at the Office of Economic Opportunity and the Cost of Living Council, was deputy assistant to President [[Gerald R. Ford]] in 1974 and 1975 and his chief of staff from 1975 to 1977, represented Wyoming in the House from 1979 until March 17, 1989, was Secretary of Defense from 1989 to 1993, and was Vice President under [[George W. Bush]] from 2001 to 2009.[^1]
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### The Rockefeller Commission Report
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In June 1975, as deputy to the chief of staff, [[Donald Rumsfeld]], Cheney led the editing of the draft report of the [[Rockefeller Commission 1975|Rockefeller Commission]] on [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] activities in the [[United States]]. His handwritten comments survive. The section "Alleged Plans to Assassinate Certain Foreign Leaders," 86 pages long, was removed and replaced with a note that the commission had lacked time to finish the subject; language calling CIA activities "unlawful" was softened to "improper," except for the drug experiments, which were labeled "illegal"; and a recommendation that CIA employees be able to report improper activities was narrowed to orders "outside of established channels."[^2]
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### Iran-Contra
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As a House Republican on the Iran-Contra investigating committees, Cheney signed the minority report of November 1987, drafted principally by the committee staffer Michael Malbin. It held that "energy in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good government" and that "to whatever extent the [[Boland Amendment|Boland Amendments]] tried to prohibit such activity they were clearly unconstitutional."[^3]
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### Halliburton
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Cheney was chief executive of [[Halliburton]] in the late 1990s. [[Ray Hunt]] of [[Hunt Oil Company|Hunt Oil]] joined its board in 1998 and went at once onto its compensation committee, which that year gave Cheney a bonus of 1.1 million dollars and restricted stock worth 1.5 million on a salary of 1.18 million.[^4] As Vice President, he said on August 26, 2002, that the case of the Iraqi defector [[Hussein Kamel]] "should serve as a reminder to all that we often learned more as the result of defections than we learned from the inspection regime itself"; Kamel had told UN inspectors in August 1995 that Iraq's chemical, biological and missile stocks had been destroyed.[^5]
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### Allegations
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[[Cathy O'Brien]], who describes herself as a survivor of [[Project Monarch]] mind control, named Cheney among officials she said abused her, in *Trance Formation of America* (1995, with Mark Phillips). Her claims about named officials are uncorroborated.[^6]
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: U.S. House of Representatives, History, Art and Archives, "CHENEY, Richard Bruce." https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/10884
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[^2]: Prados, John, and Arturo Jimenez-Bacardi, eds. "Gerald Ford White House Altered Rockefeller Commission Report in 1975; Removed Section on CIA Assassination Plots." National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 543, February 29, 2016, document 15. https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/intelligence/2016-02-29/gerald-ford-white-house-altered-rockefeller-commission-report
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[^3]: *Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair,* H. Rept. 100-433, S. Rept. 100-216, November 1987, minority report. https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/document/18221
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[^4]: Halliburton Company, Schedule 14A proxy statement, 2004, Securities and Exchange Commission.
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[^5]: Rangwala, Glen. "The interview with Hussein Kamel," February 2003, quoting the UNSCOM and IAEA note of the meeting of August 22, 1995; Barry, John. *Newsweek,* March 3, 2003.
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[^6]: O'Brien, Cathy, and Mark Phillips. *Trance Formation of America.* 1995. Sole source for the passage so cited.
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@ -9,22 +9,17 @@ relations:
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- type: employed_by
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with: "[[Music Corporation of America]]"
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role: "president, Home Entertainment division"
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fn: 2
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- type: investigated
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with: "[[Richard Stavin]]"
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reverse: true
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role: "strike force labor racketeering investigation"
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fn: 2
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fn: 1
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created: 2025-08-05
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updated: 2026-09-22
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updated: 2026-09-23
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---
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Eugene F. Giaquinto was the president of the home entertainment division of [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]]. He was a subject of a two-year investigation by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] and the [[Department of Justice|Justice Department]]'s [[Los Angeles]] Organized Crime Strike Force into suspected labor racketeering in the film industry, overseen by the strike force attorney [[Richard Stavin]]. In September 1987 MCA security officers discovered an attempt by agents to tap Giaquinto's office telephone and wrongly blamed it on the prosecutor [[Marvin Rudnick]]. The investigators did tap the telephone of Giaquinto's confidant Marty Bacow, a labor negotiator with ties to the Teamsters president Jackie Presser, and Giaquinto was one of the people Bacow talked to most.[^2]
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Eugene F. Giaquinto was the president of the home entertainment division of [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]]. He was a subject of a two-year investigation by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] and the [[Department of Justice|Justice Department]]'s [[Los Angeles]] Organized Crime Strike Force into suspected labor racketeering in the film industry, overseen by the strike force attorney [[Richard Stavin]]. In September 1987 MCA security officers discovered an attempt by agents to tap Giaquinto's office telephone and wrongly blamed it on the prosecutor [[Marvin Rudnick]]. The investigators did tap the telephone of Giaquinto's confidant Marty Bacow, a labor negotiator with ties to the Teamsters president Jackie Presser, and Giaquinto was one of the people Bacow talked to most.[^1]
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A newspaper report said the FBI believed Giaquinto had passed MCA funds annually to [[Edward Sciandra]], underboss of the [[Bufalino Crime Family]], and had a longstanding relationship with [[John Gotti]] of the [[Gambino Crime Family]]. Stavin resigned from the strike force in May 1989 with the case unresolved. Giaquinto was never prosecuted, and as of 1993 the wiretaps of his conversations with Bacow remained sealed; he then ran a video production and duplication firm in the San Fernando Valley.[^2]
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A newspaper report said the FBI believed Giaquinto had passed MCA funds annually to [[Edward Sciandra]], underboss of the [[Bufalino Crime Family]], and had a longstanding relationship with [[John Gotti]] of the [[Gambino Crime Family]]. Stavin resigned from the strike force in May 1989 with the case unresolved. Giaquinto was never prosecuted, and as of 1993 the wiretaps of his conversations with Bacow remained sealed; he then ran a video production and duplication firm in the San Fernando Valley.[^1]
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According to [[Cheri Seymour]], Giaquinto sat on the board of [[Robert Booth Nichols]]'s holding company, [[Meridian International Logistics]], which was under investigation as a source of funding for narcotics trafficking; FBI wiretaps recorded communications between the two men, and both were described in the intercepts as having a close working relationship with the Justice Department.[^1]
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According to [[Cheri Seymour]], Giaquinto sat on the board of [[Robert Booth Nichols]]'s holding company, [[Meridian International Logistics]], which was under investigation as a source of funding for narcotics trafficking; FBI wiretaps recorded communications between the two men, and both were described in the intercepts as having a close working relationship with the Justice Department.[^2]
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro's Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal.* TrineDay, 2010. Sole source for the Meridian board seat, the narcotics-funding investigation, the Nichols intercepts and the Justice Department relationship.
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[^2]: Knoedelseder, William. *Stiffed: A True Story of MCA, the Music Business, and the Mafia.* HarperCollins, 1993, pp. xvii, 434-448, 464. Read through the archive.org BookReader search, item stiffedtruestory00knoe.
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[^1]: Knoedelseder, William. *Stiffed: A True Story of MCA, the Music Business, and the Mafia.* HarperCollins, 1993, pp. xvii, 434-448, 464. Read through the archive.org BookReader search, item stiffedtruestory00knoe.
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[^2]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro's Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal.* TrineDay, 2010. Sole source for the Meridian board seat, the narcotics-funding investigation, the Nichols intercepts and the Justice Department relationship.
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41
10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Jorge Alessandri.md
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10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Jorge Alessandri.md
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---
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category: "Political Figure"
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tags:
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- Person
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- Chile
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- ColdWar
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- CIA
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- ITT
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summary: "Conservative president of Chile from 1958 and runner-up to Salvador Allende in 1970, whose campaign took 350,000 dollars of ITT money and whose post-election resignation pledge the U.S. ambassador helped draft."
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location: "Santiago, Chile"
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relations:
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- type: funded
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with: "[[ITT Corporation]]"
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reverse: true
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start: 1970
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role: "250,000 dollars to the campaign and 100,000 to the National Party"
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fn: 1
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- type: subject_of
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with: "[[Project FUBELT]]"
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role: "the Frei re-election gambit"
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start: 1970-09
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end: 1970-10
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fn: 1
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created: 2026-09-22
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updated: 2026-09-22
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---
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Jorge Alessandri, a conservative, won the Chilean presidential election of 1958, finishing less than three percentage points ahead of [[Salvador Allende]]; neither had a majority, and the Congress chose Alessandri. Had Allende received the 3.3 percent that went to a leftist priest, he would have won. Alessandri's government lost popularity during its term.[^1]
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### The 1970 Election
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Alessandri ran again in 1970 against Allende and the Christian Democrat Radomiro Tomic. On March 25, 1970, the [[40 Committee]] approved a joint embassy and [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] "spoiling" operation against Allende; "direct support was not furnished to either of his opponents." In July a CIA representative in [[Santiago]] told representatives of [[ITT Corporation|ITT]] that Alessandri could use financial assistance and suggested an individual who could serve as a secure channel. ITT's chairman, [[Harold Geneen]], offered to make 1 million dollars available to the agency; the CIA refused to transmit ITT money but advised the company on how to pass it. Some 350,000 dollars of ITT money reached Alessandri during the campaign, 250,000 to the campaign and 100,000 to the National Party, and other American businesses gave about 350,000 more. In the CIA's propaganda campaign, sign-painting teams were instructed to paint "su paredón," your wall, on 2,000 walls, evoking communist firing squads.[^1] At the election of September 4, Allende took 36.3 percent to Alessandri's 35.3, a margin of about 39,000 votes in three million.[^1]
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### The Frei Gambit
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With no majority, the Congress was to choose between the two leaders. The plan pursued by the ambassador, [[Edward Korry]], and the CIA's "Track I" was that the Congress would elect Alessandri, who would resign at once, allowing a new election in which the outgoing president, [[Eduardo Frei Montalva|Eduardo Frei]], could stand. On September 9, 1970, Alessandri announced that he would resign if elected. Korry cabled the [[State Department]] the next day that "Alessandri's statement on which I have worked since before the elections" had "set off a political storm," that it "was cleared with Frei beforehand," and that it carried the support of Senators Bulnes of the National Party and Durán of the Democratic Radicals; he called the scheme "a Rube Goldberg contraption," and reported that Deputy Silvia Alessandri had come to him that night to beg for visas for her family.[^2] On September 14 the 40 Committee authorized a contingency fund of 250,000 dollars, to be handled by Korry, to swing congressional votes to Alessandri; the only proposal discussed, bribery of congressmen, was judged unworkable and the money was never spent. Frei refused to interfere, and on September 29 the committee agreed the gambit was dead.[^1] The Congress confirmed Allende on October 24, 1970.[^1]
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities. *Covert Action in Chile 1963-1973,* staff report, 94th Congress, 1st session, 1975.
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[^2]: Korry to Department of State, telegram, September 10, 1970, *Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1976,* vol. XXI, *Chile, 1969-1973,* document 75. https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v21/d75
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@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ tags:
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- RussianImperialMovement
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- USA
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created: 2026-05-21
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updated: 2026-05-22
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updated: 2026-09-23
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summary: "Kaleb Cole was a Washington state-based Atomwaffen Division leader who received paramilitary training from the Russian Imperial Movement in St. Petersburg in 2018, ran a coordinated intimidation campaign against journalists and activists, and was convicted of civil rights conspiracy and sentenced to 84 months in federal prison."
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location: "Washington State"
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---
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[[Kaleb Cole]] was a Washington state-based [[Atomwaffen Division]] leader who rose to prominence within the organization following [[Brandon Russell]]'s 2018 imprisonment and ran a sustained intimidation campaign targeting journalists, civil rights workers, and others who reported on or monitored AWD's activities. In 2018 he traveled to [[Russia]] for paramilitary training with the [[Russian Imperial Movement]] at their [[Partizan]] camp in [[St. Petersburg]]. He was convicted in federal court of civil rights conspiracy charges and sentenced to 84 months (seven years) in federal prison.[^1]
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Kaleb Cole was a Washington state-based [[Atomwaffen Division]] leader who rose to prominence within the organization following [[Brandon Russell]]'s 2018 imprisonment and ran a sustained intimidation campaign targeting journalists, civil rights workers, and others who reported on or monitored AWD's activities. In 2018 he traveled to [[Russia]] for paramilitary training with the [[Russian Imperial Movement]] at their [[Partizan]] camp in [[St. Petersburg]]. He was convicted in federal court of civil rights conspiracy charges and sentenced to 84 months (seven years) in federal prison.[^1]
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### Rise Within AWD
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After completing Partizan training, Cole and Bruce-Umbaugh traveled back through Ukraine into Poland and documented the trip with a photograph at [[Auschwitz]] concentration camp. The Russia trip is referenced in federal prosecution materials from both Cole's case (2:20-cr-00032, [[Western District of Washington]]) and Bruce-Umbaugh's case (5:19-cr-00130, [[Northern District of Texas]]), and is documented in investigative reporting on AWD's transnational connections.[^3]
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The RIM training represents the most documented instance of a senior AWD leader receiving in-person foreign paramilitary training from an organization later designated a terrorist entity by the U.S. government. The [[CTC West Point]] analysis of the skull-mask neo-fascist network notes that RIM also trained additional U.S. nationals affiliated with AWD at Partizan in approximately 2020, beyond the 2018 Cole/Bruce-Umbaugh trip.[^4]
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The RIM training represents the most documented instance of a senior AWD leader receiving in-person foreign paramilitary training from an organization later designated a terrorist entity by the U.S. government.
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### Intimidation Campaign
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[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice, OPA. "Member of Violent Extremist Group Sentenced to 84 Months for Civil Rights Conspiracy." https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/member-violent-extremist-group-sentenced-84-months-civil-rights-conspiracy
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[^2]: Malcontent News. "Washington's Defunct Atomwaffen Division had Deep Ties to the Terrorist Org, Russia Imperialist Movement." July 4, 2022. https://malcontentment.com/washingtons-defunct-atomwaffen-division-had-deep-ties-to-the-terrorist-org-russia-imperialist-movement/; Cipher Brief. "Examining Atomwaffen Division's Transnational Linkages." https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column_article/examining-atomwaffen-divisions-transnational-linkages
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[^3]: GovInfo. USA v. Bruce-Umbaugh, 5:19-cr-00130 (N.D. Tex.). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCOURTS-txnd-5_19-cr-00130/USCOURTS-txnd-5_19-cr-00130-0
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[^4]: CTC West Point. "The Iron March Forum and the Evolution of the 'Skull Mask' Neo-Fascist Network." https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-iron-march-forum-and-the-evolution-of-the-skull-mask-neo-fascist-network/
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55
10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Paul Christiano.md
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10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Paul Christiano.md
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---
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category: "AI & Effective Altruism"
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tags:
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- Person
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- OpenAI
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- Anthropic
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- OpenPhilanthropy
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- AISafety
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- NIST
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summary: "OpenAI alignment lead and Open Philanthropy adviser who founded the Alignment Research Center, sat on Anthropic's trust, ran AI safety at NIST's AI Safety Institute and joined the OpenAI Foundation board in 2026."
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relations:
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- type: employed_by
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with: "[[OpenAI]]"
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role: "head of alignment research"
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start: 2017
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end: 2021
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fn: 1
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- type: founded
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with: "[[Alignment Research Center]]"
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fn: 1
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- type: member_of
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with: "[[Long-Term Benefit Trust]]"
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role: "trustee"
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start: 2023-09
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end: 2024-04
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fn: 3
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- type: employed_by
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with: "[[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]"
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role: "head of AI safety, U.S. AI Safety Institute; later senior technical advisor, Center for AI Standards and Innovation"
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start: 2024-04
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fn: 4
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- type: member_of
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with: "[[OpenAI Foundation]]"
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role: "director and Safety and Security Committee member; non-voting observer on the OpenAI Group PBC board"
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start: 2026-09-09
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fn: 1
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created: 2026-09-22
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updated: 2026-09-23
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---
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Paul Christiano led alignment research at [[OpenAI]] from 2017 to 2021 and contributed foundational work on reinforcement learning from human feedback; he then founded the [[Alignment Research Center]].[^1] In March 2017, when [[Open Philanthropy]] recommended 30 million dollars to OpenAI and a seat on its board for [[Holden Karnofsky]], the grant page disclosed that "OpenAI researchers [[Dario Amodei]] and Paul Christiano are both technical advisors to Open Philanthropy and live in the same house as Holden," and that Karnofsky was engaged to Amodei's sister [[Daniela Amodei|Daniela]].[^2]
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In September 2023 Christiano became one of the five original trustees of [[Anthropic]]'s [[Long-Term Benefit Trust]], the body empowered to elect a growing share of the board of the company founded by Dario and Daniela Amodei. He left in April 2024 to become head of AI safety at the [[U.S. AI Safety Institute]].[^3] Commerce Secretary [[Gina Raimondo]] announced the appointment on April 16, 2024.[^4] The Action Fund of the [[Center for AI Safety]], an Open Philanthropy grantee, stated that it had led a bipartisan congressional effort that "secured $10 million to establish" the institute.[^5]
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### The OpenAI Foundation
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On September 9, 2026, the [[OpenAI Foundation]], the nonprofit that controls OpenAI Group PBC, appointed Christiano to its board and its Safety and Security Committee, chaired by [[Zico Kolter]], and made him a non-voting observer on the board of the for-profit company. The announcement described him as a senior technical advisor at the [[Center for AI Standards and Innovation]] within the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]], where he had "worked on evaluating frontier AI models, including capabilities with national security implications," and stated: "As a Senior Technical Advisor, Paul will recuse himself from all OpenAI-related matters as well as all model evaluations." The board chair, [[Bret Taylor]], said his "experience working on frontier AI safety and standards in government" would strengthen the board's oversight.[^1]
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: OpenAI Foundation, "Paul Christiano joins OpenAI Foundation Board," September 9, 2026. https://openaifoundation.org/news/paul-christiano-joins-openai-foundation-board
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[^2]: Open Philanthropy, "OpenAI, General Support," grant of March 2017, archived January 1, 2025. http://web.archive.org/web/20250101012608/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/openai-general-support/
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[^3]: Anthropic, "The Long-Term Benefit Trust," September 19, 2023, with later updates. https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-long-term-benefit-trust
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[^4]: National Institute of Standards and Technology, "U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo Announces Expansion of U.S. AI Safety Institute Leadership Team," April 16, 2024. https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/04/us-commerce-secretary-gina-raimondo-announces-expansion-us-ai-safety
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[^5]: Center for AI Safety Action Fund, "2024 Annual Impact Report." https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/66438c042d15b14b53b83006/68012dcfec6880aba24f528a_CAIS-ActionFund-ImpactReport_05.pdf
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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ summary: "Socialist president of Chile from 1970 to 1973, the object of fourteen
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died: 1973-09-11
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location: "Santiago, Chile"
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created: 2026-09-21
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updated: 2026-09-21
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updated: 2026-09-22
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---
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Salvador Allende Gossens, a physician and Socialist senator, was elected president of [[Chile]] in 1970 on his fourth attempt, at the head of the [[Popular Unity]] coalition of Socialists, Communists, and Radicals. He died in the [[La Moneda]] palace in [[Santiago]] on September 11, 1973, during the coup led by General [[Augusto Pinochet]].[^1]
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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] spent three million dollars to influence
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### 1970
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On September 4, 1970, Allende won 36.3 percent to 35.3 for [[Jorge Alessandri]], a margin of 39,000 votes in three million. CIA polls had predicted that Alessandri would win with 40 percent. Korry said that the fund-raisers of all three candidates approached the embassy, that Allende's asked for a million dollars, and that none was given. [[ITT Corporation|ITT]], whose chairman [[Harold Geneen]] offered the agency a fund for Alessandri in July, passed at least 350,000 dollars to his campaign. On September 15 President [[Richard Nixon]] ordered the agency to prevent Allende's accession, and the attempts that followed, described at [[Project FUBELT]], ended in the killing of General [[Rene Schneider|René Schneider]]. Congress confirmed Allende on October 24.[^1][^3]
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On September 4, 1970, Allende won 36.3 percent to 35.3 for [[Jorge Alessandri]], a margin of 39,000 votes in three million. CIA polls had predicted that Alessandri would win with 40 percent. Korry said that the fund-raisers of all three candidates approached the embassy, that Allende's asked for a million dollars, and that none was given. [[ITT Corporation|ITT]], whose chairman [[Harold Geneen]] offered the agency a fund for Alessandri in July, passed some 350,000 dollars to him, 250,000 to his campaign and 100,000 to the National Party, on the agency's advice about how to pass it, and other American businesses gave about 350,000 more. On September 15 President [[Richard Nixon]] ordered the agency to prevent Allende's accession, and the attempts that followed, described at [[Project FUBELT]], ended in the killing of General [[Rene Schneider|René Schneider]]. Congress confirmed Allende on October 24.[^1][^3]
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Korry wrote to Senator [[Frank Church]] in 1975 that the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Cuba]] had given "very substantial sums for covert political action to the Communist party, to the [[Socialist Party of Chile|Socialist Party]] and to Allende himself."[^4]
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