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- OpenPhilanthropy
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- EffectiveAltruism
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- Philanthropy
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summary: "Cari Tuna is a former Wall Street Journal reporter who, with her husband Dustin Moskovitz, leads Good Ventures and Open Philanthropy, making her a principal director of the largest sustained funding source for the effective-altruism movement."
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- DemocraticDonor
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summary: "Former Wall Street Journal reporter, wife of Dustin Moskovitz, president of Good Ventures and chair of Coefficient Giving, formerly Open Philanthropy, and a director or major donor in its web of linked entities."
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location: "San Francisco, California"
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relations:
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- type: member_of
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with: "[[GiveWell]]"
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role: "board of directors"
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start: 2011-04
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fn: 3
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- type: funded
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with: "[[Real Justice PAC]]"
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start: 2017-03
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end: 2019-04
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role: "1.9 million dollars"
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fn: 12
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- type: head_of
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with: "[[Open Philanthropy]]"
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role: "chair"
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fn: 6
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created: 2026-06-19
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updated: 2026-06-19
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updated: 2026-09-23
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---
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Cari Tuna is an American former journalist who, with her husband [[Dustin Moskovitz]], directs the philanthropic apparatus that became the largest sustained funder of the [[Effective Altruism]] movement. She is the president of Good Ventures, the foundation she and Moskovitz established in 2011, and a leader of [[Open Philanthropy]], the grantmaking organization that channels their [[Facebook]]-derived fortune toward global health, longtermism, and AI-safety work.[^1][^2]
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Cari Tuna graduated from Yale and reported for *[[The Wall Street Journal]]*, writing, in the words of the *[[Stanford Social Innovation Review]]*, "about the California economy, gay marriage, and Turkish food in [[San Francisco]]." In December 2010, aged 25, she and [[Dustin Moskovitz]], then 26, became the youngest billionaires to sign the [[Giving Pledge]]; their pledge letter, written in Moskovitz's voice, thanked "a partner in Cari who shares my priorities" and promised to "donate and invest with both urgency and mindfulness." With Moskovitz occupied with [[Asana]], it fell to Tuna to manage their giving, and she quit reporting to study philanthropy.[^1][^2]
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### From Journalism to Philanthropy
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### GiveWell and Good Ventures
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Tuna worked as a reporter for the *Wall Street Journal* before leaving to manage the couple's giving full time. She and Moskovitz, among the youngest signatories of the Giving Pledge, committed to donating the majority of their wealth, and they built Good Ventures and Open Philanthropy as the vehicles for doing so according to the evidence-and-reasoning methodology of effective altruism. Tuna became the public face of the operation, articulating its "give where it does the most good" framework.[^1][^3]
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Tuna read about [[GiveWell]] in [[Peter Singer]]'s *The Life You Can Save* and met its co-founder [[Holden Karnofsky]] through a mutual friend; she joined its board in April 2011. In December 2011, as president of [[Good Ventures]], "a foundation in the San Francisco Bay Area which she created with her partner Dustin Moskovitz earlier this year," she announced grants of 500,000 dollars to the [[Against Malaria Foundation]] and 250,000 dollars to the [[Schistosomiasis Control Initiative]], and planned grants to [[GiveDirectly]], [[Innovations for Poverty Action]], [[KIPP Houston]], [[Nyaya Health]], [[Pratham]] and the [[Small Enterprise Foundation]].[^3] In 2012 GiveWell moved its office from New York to San Francisco "to be closer to Tuna and other technology-industry donors," and the joint project GiveWell Labs became the Open Philanthropy Project, led by Tuna, Karnofsky and [[Alexander Berger]]. Asked in 2018 whether she identified as an effective altruist, she answered, "Yes. Do you?"[^1]
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Tuna and Moskovitz married in 2013 and signed the Giving Pledge in 2014 in their late twenties and early thirties, among the youngest people to do so. Tuna serves as president of Good Ventures and chairs the board of the grantmaking organization, the legal and governance counterpart to the staff research that [[Holden Karnofsky]] and [[Alexander Berger]] ran. She has described the couple's decision to delegate cause selection to a professional staff applying cost-effectiveness analysis rather than directing the money toward causes of personal sentiment, the organizing principle that distinguished their approach from conventional billionaire philanthropy.[^1][^3]
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Tuna has been president of the Good Ventures Foundation on every return since 2015, and its board chair by 2025, with Moskovitz as secretary and treasurer and [[Divesh Makan]] of [[ICONIQ Capital]] as director; none is paid. The foundation's assets reached 10.1 billion dollars in 2025.[^4] Open Philanthropy, which draws nearly all of its grant money from Good Ventures, had given away about 7 billion dollars by September 2026.[^5] In 2026 Coefficient Giving, as [[Open Philanthropy]] was renamed in November 2025, listed her as chair, with Berger as chief executive, [[Emily Oehlsen]] as president, [[Naina Bajekal]] as managing director for communications and [[Luke Muehlhauser]] as managing director for AI governance and international policy.[^6]
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### Open Philanthropy
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### Seven Entities
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As a leader of Open Philanthropy, Tuna helped direct more than four billion dollars in grants across global health, scientific research, pandemic preparedness, farm-animal welfare, and the prevention of catastrophic risks from advanced artificial intelligence. The longtermist and AI-risk portion of that giving made Open Philanthropy the principal institutional patron of the AI-safety community around the [[Machine Intelligence Research Institute]], the [[Future of Humanity Institute]], and the AI company [[Anthropic]], the durable counterpart to the short-lived [[FTX Future Fund]] of [[Sam Bankman-Fried]].[^2][^4]
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In 2018 the *Stanford Social Innovation Review* writer [[Marc Gunther]] wrote that Tuna played "a key role in no fewer than seven entities, as a director or major donor": the Open Philanthropy Project LLC; the [[Open Philanthropy Action Fund]], a 501(c)(4); the Open Philanthropy Project fund, a donor-advised fund at the [[Silicon Valley Community Foundation]]; the Good Ventures Foundation; Good Ventures, a supporting organization at the same community foundation; Good Ventures LLC, "a for-profit impact investment firm"; and GiveWell. He wrote that grants through the donor-advised funds "can't be traced back to the original donors." Tuna and Moskovitz were also investors in [[Breakthrough Energy Ventures]].[^1] The Open Philanthropy Action Fund has paid outside lobbyists every year from 2021 through 2026.[^7] Asana's 2026 proxy statement noted that Moskovitz and "his spouse" were directors of Good Ventures, which held Asana shares.[^8]
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The grantmaking arm rebranded as Coefficient Giving in November 2025, shifting toward multi-donor funds that other philanthropists could join, while Good Ventures remained the dominant source of its money. Tuna chairs the Good Ventures board that supplies that capital, leaving her with formal control over the largest single pool of effective-altruism funding even as professional staff make the grant decisions. The structure concentrated a substantial share of global AI-safety funding under one foundation, drawing criticism that the field examining the AI labs depended financially on a single donor couple who were also early investors in one of those labs.[^2][^4]
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### Causes
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Gunther reported that the cause-selection process Tuna led with Karnofsky and Berger settled on criminal justice reform, farm animal welfare, macroeconomic stabilization, immigration policy and land-use reform, and on two catastrophic-risk areas, biosecurity and advanced artificial intelligence, and that Tuna had concluded that "a lot of philanthropy's biggest claimed successes have come from improving policy."[^1] The criminal justice program, led by the former [[American Civil Liberties Union]] advocate [[Chloe Cockburn]], became an independent organization, [[Just Impact]], in November 2021, with a 50-million-dollar grant over three and a half years.[^9] Its AI grantmaking included 30 million dollars to [[OpenAI]] in 2017, with a board seat for Karnofsky, who later married [[Daniela Amodei]], president of [[Anthropic]].[^1][^10]
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### Politics
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On September 8, 2016, Tuna and Moskovitz jointly announced 20 million dollars in contributions to elect [[Hillary Clinton]], writing that Trump's promises were "quite possibly a deliberate con" and that "we have reservations about anyone using large amounts of money to influence elections."[^11] Federal Election Commission records itemize about 7.04 million dollars in contributions from Tuna in the 2015-2016 cycle, including 2.5 million each to the [[LCV Victory Fund]] and [[For Our Future PAC]], 1.25 million to [[MoveOn]] and 416,119 dollars to the [[Hillary Victory Fund]]. Between March 2017 and April 2019 she gave 1.9 million dollars to [[Real Justice PAC]], in payments of 653,480 dollars, 350,000, 850,000 and 50,000, and 200,000 dollars to [[Color of Change PAC]]. No contributions from her were itemized after April 2019.[^12]
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: "Giving in the Light of Reason," *Stanford Social Innovation Review,* on Cari Tuna, Good Ventures, and the Open Philanthropy methodology. https://ssir.org/articles/entry/giving_in_the_light_of_reason
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[^2]: "How Dependent is the Effective Altruism Movement on Dustin Moskovitz and Cari Tuna?" EA Forum. https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/4BJSXH9ho4eYNT73P/how-dependent-is-the-effective-altruism-movement-on-dustin
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[^3]: "Cari Tuna," EA Forum topic entry on Good Ventures and the Giving Pledge. https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/topics/cari-tuna
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[^4]: "How Effective is Effective Altruism?" *Inside Philanthropy,* March 16, 2023. https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2023-3-16-how-effective-is-effective-altruism-a-deep-dive-into-two-of-open-philanthropys-ea-inspired-programs
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[^1]: Gunther, Marc. "Giving in the Light of Reason." *Stanford Social Innovation Review,* Summer 2018. https://ssir.org/articles/entry/giving_in_the_light_of_reason
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[^2]: The Giving Pledge, "Dustin Moskovitz and Cari Tuna," pledge letter; Giving Pledge announcement of December 8, 2010. https://www.givingpledge.org/pledger/dustin-moskovitz-and-cari-tuna/
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[^3]: Tuna, Cari. "Guest post from Cari Tuna." The GiveWell Blog, December 23, 2011, archived February 7, 2026. http://web.archive.org/web/20260207082111/https://blog.givewell.org/2011/12/23/guest-post-from-cari-tuna/
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[^4]: ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer, "Good Ventures Foundation," EIN 46-1008520, Form 990-PF data through fiscal year ending June 2025. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/461008520
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[^5]: Smith, Ben. "Coefficient Giving's CEO on Silicon Valley's $40 billion philanthropy boom." *Semafor,* September 3, 2026. https://www.semafor.com/article/09/03/2026/coefficient-givings-ceo-on-silicon-valley-40-billion-philanthropy-boom
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[^6]: Coefficient Giving, "Team," accessed September 2026. https://coefficientgiving.org/about-us/team/
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[^7]: U.S. Senate, Lobbying Disclosure Act database, filings for client "Open Philanthropy Action Fund," 2021 to 2026, retrieved September 2026. https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/?client_name=Open+Philanthropy+Action+Fund
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[^8]: Asana, Inc. Schedule 14A definitive proxy statement, filed April 20, 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1477720/000162828026025998/asan-20260420.htm
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[^9]: Open Philanthropy, "Criminal Justice Reform (Closed)," archived November 13, 2025. http://web.archive.org/web/20251113222726/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/focus/criminal-justice-reform/
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[^10]: Bordelon, Brendan. "How a billionaire-backed network of AI advisers took over Washington." *Politico,* October 13, 2023. http://web.archive.org/web/20250902172514/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/13/open-philanthropy-funding-ai-policy-00121362
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[^11]: Moskovitz, Dustin, and Cari Tuna. "Compelled to Act." *Medium,* September 8, 2016, archived December 31, 2016. http://web.archive.org/web/20161231130245/https://medium.com/@moskov/compelled-to-act-1413930041ee
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[^12]: Federal Election Commission, itemized receipts (Schedule A, memo entries excluded) for contributor "Tuna, Cari," two-year periods 2016 through 2026, retrieved September 23, 2026. https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/schedules/schedule_a/?contributor_name=Tuna%2C+Cari
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40
10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Helen Toner.md
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10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Helen Toner.md
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@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
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---
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category: "AI & Effective Altruism"
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tags:
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- Person
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- OpenAI
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- OpenPhilanthropy
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- EffectiveAltruism
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- CSET
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summary: "Open Philanthropy analyst who became director of strategy at the Open Philanthropy-funded Georgetown CSET and, as an OpenAI director, voted in November 2023 to remove Sam Altman."
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relations:
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- type: employed_by
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with: "[[Open Philanthropy]]"
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role: "senior research analyst"
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fn: 1
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- type: employed_by
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with: "[[Center for Security and Emerging Technology]]"
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role: "director of strategy and plans; later director of strategy and foundational research grants"
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start: 2019
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fn: 1
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- type: member_of
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with: "[[OpenAI]]"
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role: "director of the nonprofit board"
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end: 2023-11
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fn: 2
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created: 2026-09-22
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updated: 2026-09-22
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---
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Helen Toner worked as a senior research analyst at [[Open Philanthropy]], advising policymakers and grantmakers on AI policy and strategy, and then lived in Beijing studying the Chinese AI industry as a research affiliate of the [[Center for the Governance of AI]] at [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]]. When Open Philanthropy made its grant of 55 million dollars to [[Georgetown University]] in January 2019 to launch the [[Center for Security and Emerging Technology]] under [[Jason Matheny]], the grant page listed Toner on the founding team as CSET's director of strategy and plans, alongside the former [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] China analyst [[William Hannas]]. The grant was investigated by [[Luke Muehlhauser]] of Open Philanthropy.[^1] She later held the title of director of strategy and foundational research grants at CSET.[^2]
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### The OpenAI Board
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Toner sat on the nonprofit board of [[OpenAI]], the body that on November 17, 2023, removed [[Sam Altman]] as chief executive, saying that he "was not consistently candid in his communications with the board, hindering its ability to exercise its responsibilities." Within a week Altman was reinstated, and Toner and [[Tasha McCauley]], who had voted for his removal, left the board; [[Ilya Sutskever]] gave up his seat, and [[Adam D'Angelo]], who had also voted to remove Altman, stayed. In March 2024 OpenAI announced that a review by the law firm [[WilmerHale]] had concluded "there was a significant breakdown of trust between the prior board and Sam and Greg," in the words of board chair [[Bret Taylor]], and that the board "acted in good faith."[^2]
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On *[[The TED AI Show]]* in May 2024, Toner said that "for years, Sam had made it really difficult for the board to actually do that job by withholding information, misrepresenting things that were happening at the company, in some cases outright lying to the board." She said the board learned of the release of [[ChatGPT]] in November 2022 on Twitter, that Altman had not told the board he owned the OpenAI startup fund, and that in October 2023 two executives had given the board screenshots and documentation and "used the phrase 'psychological abuse.'" OpenAI did not respond to CNBC at the time.[^2]
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: Open Philanthropy, "Georgetown University, Center for Security and Emerging Technology," grant of January 2019, archived January 2, 2025. http://web.archive.org/web/20250102035307/https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/georgetown-university-center-for-security-and-emerging-technology/
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[^2]: "Former OpenAI board member explains why CEO Sam Altman got fired before he was rehired." *CNBC,* May 29, 2024. https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/29/former-openai-board-member-explains-why-ceo-sam-altman-was-fired.html
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@ -7,33 +7,34 @@ tags:
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- Firearms
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alias:
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- Michelle Jacqueline Zajko
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summary: "Michelle Zajko is a member of the Zizian group whose parents were shot to death in their Pennsylvania home on New Year's Eve 2022, who federal prosecutors charged with illegally buying the firearms later used in the Vermont killing of a Border Patrol agent, and who has publicly denied killing her parents."
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summary: "Member of the Zizian group charged in June 2026 with the December 2022 murder of her parents in Chester Heights, Pennsylvania, which she denies, and charged federally over firearms used in the Vermont shooting."
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location: "Chester Heights, Pennsylvania; Coventry, Vermont"
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created: 2026-06-19
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updated: 2026-06-19
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updated: 2026-09-22
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---
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Michelle Zajko is a member of the [[The Zizians|Zizian]] group whose parents, [[Richard Zajko]] (72) and [[Rita Zajko]] (69), were found shot to death in their home in Chester Heights, [[Pennsylvania]], on the night of December 31, 2022. She was questioned and named a person of interest in their deaths but was not charged in the killings, and she has publicly denied involvement. Federal prosecutors separately charged her over the firearms tied to the January 2025 Zizian killing of a Border Patrol agent in [[Vermont]].[^1][^2]
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Michelle Zajko is a member of the [[The Zizians|Zizian]] group whose parents, [[Richard Zajko]] (72) and [[Rita Zajko]] (69), were found shot to death in their home in Chester Heights, [[Pennsylvania]], on the night of December 31, 2022. She was long a person of interest in their deaths. On June 24, 2026, Delaware County District Attorney Tanner Rouse charged her with first-degree murder, alleging that she shot both parents in the head on her 30th birthday; he cited ballistics evidence and data from her phone, said she likely did not act alone, and said the investigation was continuing. Anonymous sources told *The Philadelphia Inquirer* that she may have expected to inherit an estate worth several million dollars. In a handwritten letter from a Maryland jail she wrote: "The papers are lying. … I did not murder my parents."[^1] Federal prosecutors separately charged her over the firearms tied to the January 2025 Zizian killing of a Border Patrol agent in [[Vermont]].[^2][^3]
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### The Firearms Charge
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Federal authorities in Vermont charged Zajko, a former resident of Coventry, with making false statements to buy firearms. Investigators alleged that in February 2024 she provided a false address to purchase three firearms from a Vermont gun store, and that one of those weapons was used in the January 20, 2025 shootout on Interstate 91 in which Agent [[David Maland]] and the group member [[Felix Bauckholt]] were killed. Authorities have said Zajko provided the gun used in the Vermont shooting.[^2][^3]
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Federal authorities in Vermont charged Zajko, a former resident of Coventry, with making false statements to buy firearms. Investigators alleged that in February 2024 she provided a false address to purchase three firearms from a Vermont gun store, and that one of those weapons was used in the January 20, 2025 shootout on Interstate 91 in which Agent [[David Maland]] and the group member [[Felix Bauckholt]] were killed. Authorities have said Zajko provided the gun used in the Vermont shooting.[^3][^4]
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Investigators also drew a forensic line back to her parents' deaths. Rita Zajko had been shot in the back of the head and Richard Zajko in the temple by a round that first passed through his hand, with two 9mm shell casings left at the scene and no weapon recovered; a neighbor's doorbell camera captured audio of a voice shouting "Mom!" Pennsylvania authorities determined that the bullet recovered from Richard Zajko's body matched ammunition Michelle Zajko had purchased in Vermont, and she acknowledged owning a 9mm semiautomatic handgun. Prosecutors in the Vermont border case said she had been in frequent contact with [[Teresa Youngblut]] in the period around the shooting.[^4][^6]
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Investigators also drew a forensic line back to her parents' deaths. Rita Zajko had been shot in the back of the head and Richard Zajko in the temple by a round that first passed through his hand, with two 9mm shell casings left at the scene and no weapon recovered; a neighbor's doorbell camera captured audio of a voice shouting "Mom!" Pennsylvania authorities determined that the bullet recovered from Richard Zajko's body matched ammunition Michelle Zajko had purchased in Vermont, and she acknowledged owning a 9mm semiautomatic handgun. Prosecutors in the Vermont border case said she had been in frequent contact with [[Teresa Youngblut]] in the period around the shooting.[^5][^6]
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### Arrest and the Open Letter
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On February 16, 2025, Zajko was arrested in Allegany County, [[Maryland]], alongside [[Jack LaSota]] and [[Daniel Blank]] after a property owner near [[Frostburg]] reported that the three were living in two white box trucks on his land and refused to leave; they were charged with trespassing, obstructing law enforcement, and illegal firearm possession, and all three were ordered held without bail on February 18. The arrest delivered LaSota, a fugitive who had staged her own death in 2022, into custody alongside Zajko in a single stop.[^4][^7]
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On February 16, 2025, Zajko was arrested in Allegany County, [[Maryland]], alongside [[Jack LaSota]] and [[Daniel Blank]] after a property owner near [[Frostburg]] reported that the three were living in two white box trucks on his land and refused to leave; they were charged with trespassing, obstructing law enforcement, and illegal firearm possession, and all three were ordered held without bail on February 18. The arrest delivered LaSota, a fugitive who had staged her own death in 2022, into custody alongside Zajko in a single stop.[^5][^7]
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Through her attorney she released a twenty-page handwritten "Open Letter to the World," provided to the [[Associated Press]], in which she wrote, "You, the public, are being lied to," and denied killing her parents, stating that "the truth about my friends and I will make a lot more sense than what you've been reading about in the papers." She remained a person of interest in the Pennsylvania killings without being charged in them, while the federal firearms case proceeded separately in Vermont. By early 2026 she was among at least seven people associated with the group facing charges across California, Pennsylvania, and Vermont.[^5][^8]
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Through her attorney she released a twenty-page handwritten "Open Letter to the World," provided to the [[Associated Press]], in which she wrote, "You, the public, are being lied to," and denied killing her parents, stating that "the truth about my friends and I will make a lot more sense than what you've been reading about in the papers." Before the 2026 charges she remained a person of interest in the Pennsylvania killings without being charged in them, while the federal firearms case proceeded separately in Vermont. By early 2026 she was among at least seven people associated with the group facing charges across California, Pennsylvania, and Vermont.[^8][^9]
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: "Michelle Zajko sought for questioning in connection with multiple slayings," *The Philadelphia Inquirer,* January 31, 2025. https://www.inquirer.com/crime/michelle-zajko-vermont-killings-rita-richard-20250131.html
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[^2]: "Former Vermont resident faces federal firearm charge related to killing of border patrol agent," *VTDigger,* February 18, 2025. https://vtdigger.org/2025/02/18/former-vermont-resident-faces-federal-firearm-charge-related-to-killing-of-border-patrol-agent/
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[^3]: "A timeline of activities of a cultlike group tied to the killing of a Border Patrol agent," Associated Press via PBS NewsHour, 2025. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/a-timeline-of-cultlike-zizian-group-tied-to-killing-of-a-border-patrol-agent-in-vermont
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[^4]: "Member of Zizians, cultlike group of AI-obsessed vegans, says she didn't kill her parents," *NBC News,* 2025. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/member-zizians-cultlike-group-ai-obsessed-vegans-says-didnt-kill-paren-rcna201537
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[^5]: "Daughter of Pennsylvania couple who died says in new 'open letter' she didn't kill her parents," CBS News Philadelphia, 2025. https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/michelle-zajko-zizian-pennsylvania-murder/
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[^1]: Vella, Vinny. "A former Delco woman tied to the Zizians extremist group has been charged with her parents' killing." *The Philadelphia Inquirer,* June 24, 2026. https://www.inquirer.com/crime/michelle-zajko-zizians-group-parents-murder-charges-chester-heights-20260624.html
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[^2]: "Michelle Zajko sought for questioning in connection with multiple slayings," *The Philadelphia Inquirer,* January 31, 2025. https://www.inquirer.com/crime/michelle-zajko-vermont-killings-rita-richard-20250131.html
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[^3]: "Former Vermont resident faces federal firearm charge related to killing of border patrol agent," *VTDigger,* February 18, 2025. https://vtdigger.org/2025/02/18/former-vermont-resident-faces-federal-firearm-charge-related-to-killing-of-border-patrol-agent/
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[^4]: "A timeline of activities of a cultlike group tied to the killing of a Border Patrol agent," Associated Press via PBS NewsHour, 2025. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/a-timeline-of-cultlike-zizian-group-tied-to-killing-of-a-border-patrol-agent-in-vermont
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[^5]: "Member of Zizians, cultlike group of AI-obsessed vegans, says she didn't kill her parents," *NBC News,* 2025. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/member-zizians-cultlike-group-ai-obsessed-vegans-says-didnt-kill-paren-rcna201537
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[^6]: "Woman charged in killing of Border Patrol agent was in contact with Pennsylvania homicide suspect: prosecutors," CBS News Philadelphia, 2025, on the contact between Zajko and Youngblut. https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/teresa-youngblut-david-maland-pennsylvania-suspect/
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[^7]: "A timeline of cultlike 'Zizian' group tied to killing of a Border Patrol agent in Vermont," Associated Press via PBS NewsHour, 2025, on the Frostburg arrest and the February 18 detention order. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/a-timeline-of-cultlike-zizian-group-tied-to-killing-of-a-border-patrol-agent-in-vermont
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[^8]: "A year after border agent's killing, 7 Zizians fight charges in 3 states," WHYY, 2026. https://whyy.org/articles/border-agent-killing-zizian-criminal-charges-california-pennsylvania-vermont/
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[^8]: "Daughter of Pennsylvania couple who died says in new 'open letter' she didn't kill her parents," CBS News Philadelphia, 2025. https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/michelle-zajko-zizian-pennsylvania-murder/
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[^9]: "A year after border agent's killing, 7 Zizians fight charges in 3 states," WHYY, 2026. https://whyy.org/articles/border-agent-killing-zizian-criminal-charges-california-pennsylvania-vermont/
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