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10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Ihsan Barbouti.md

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 ---
-category: "World War II & Nazi Era"
+category: "Intelligence & Government"
 tags:
   - Person
-  - WW2
-  - Nazi
-summary: "Barbouti procured artillery cups for Cardoen's Santiago-produced chemical weapons from West Germany."
+  - IhsanBarbouti
+  - ChemicalWeapons
+  - Rabta
+  - Libya
+  - Iraq
+  - BNLScandal
+  - CarlosCardoen
+alias:
+  - Dr. Ihsan Barbouti
+  - IBI
+summary: "Iraqi-born London architect who designed Libya's chemical weapons plant at Rabta, sought nerve gas precursors through an Oklahoma company, held real estate in Texas, and was reported dead on his 63rd birthday in July 1990."
+died: 1990-07
+location: "London, England"
+created: 2026-09-21
+updated: 2026-09-21
 ---
 
-[[Ihsan Barbouti]] was an Egyptian national living in the [[United States|U.S.]]. He was involved in the procurement of materials for chemical weapons and had connections to various intelligence operations.
 
-Barbouti procured artillery cups for [[Carlos Cardoen|Cardoen's]] [[Santiago]]-produced chemical weapons from [[West Germany]]. He had previously provided equipment for chemical weapons to [[Libya]] and was known for arranging for former [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] scientists to work on missile technology in [[Egypt]] in the 1950s. He faked his death to escape [[Mossad]] and resurfaced in the [[United States|U.S.]] in the early 1980s. According to [[Israel|Israeli]] intelligence, he later cut a deal with the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] and began working on its behalf with [[Arab countries]], basing himself in [[Texas]] and [[Florida]].[^1]
+### Rabta
 
-He had an interest in [[Carlos Cardoen|Cardoen's]] "agricultural project" (chemical plant) in [[Paraguay]], which was a joint venture, sourcing materials from [[Florida]] and [[Texas]]. Barbouti was also involved in nuclear missile projects in [[Iraq]] through the [[Carlos Cardoen|Cardoen]] network. He was named as an enemy of the state by an [[Israel|Israeli]] intelligence committee and was placed on an execution list, though [[Yitzhak Shamir]] intervened to put the executions on hold.[^1]
+Ihsan Barbouti was an Iraqi-born architect living in [[London]]. In discovery in a federal suit in [[Oklahoma]] his opponents obtained an agency contract between him and the Libyan Secretary of Atomic Energy. A co-investor in his American real estate, [[Mike Peress]] of [[Metropolitan Life]], testified that he "heard Dr. Barbouti admit to being the architect and procurer of material for a plant in Libya that Dr. Barbouti classified as a pharmaceutical plant," and that Barbouti said a shipper, [[Joseph Gedopt]] of a company called Crosslink, could "redirect, camouflage, or change manifests on any shipment Dr. Barbouti saw fit." [[William Webster]], the director of central intelligence, reported to Congress in 1989 that the complex at [[Rabta]] would give [[Libya]] "the largest chemical warfare agent production plant in the third world." A Dallas pipeline consultant who worked for Barbouti's companies, [[Bruce Munden]], heard in January 1989 that American intelligence believed the plant made chemical weapons, and flew to London to ask him. Munden testified that "Dr. Barbouti stated that he had designed the plant at Rabta for Colonel Ghadafi," that "no one could prove that he had anything to do with chemical weapons," and that "if the U.S., the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Israel]] could have chemical weapons, there was no reason why Colonel Ghadafi could not have them either." After the plant became public, Munden said, Barbouti's son [[Haidar Barbouti|Haidar]] told the executives of [[IBI Inc.|IBI]] "to search their files and to purge them of any documents relating to Libya."[^1]
+
+### TK-7
+
+In 1987 Barbouti sought an interest in [[TK-7 Corporation]], a maker of fuel additives in [[Oklahoma City]] headed by [[Moshe Tal]]. At a meeting in [[Zurich]] that September he asked Tal to buy a "vessel load of certain chemicals in the [[United States]] and prepare them for shipment to Europe." Some were ingredients of the company's product and others were unfamiliar to Tal. Barbouti explained that he had been delayed in Libya, where he had a contract with the Ministry of Atomic Energy. In [[New York City|New York]] that November Tal asked whether the Libyan government had a financial interest in the venture. Barbouti said that it did and that it was "none of your business." The plaintiffs' chemist testified that the list "contained precursors for nerve gases and explosives." The trial court directed a verdict for Barbouti's estate on the ground that the company's seven million dollars in lost profits were speculative, and the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit|Tenth Circuit]] affirmed in 1993 without deciding whether there had been a conspiracy.[^1]
+
+### Houston
+
+The family owned two retail centers in [[Houston]]. On February 21, 1992, the [[Houston Chronicle]] reported that the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] was examining a letter dated October 27, 1990, from [[Iraq]]'s State Establishment for Textile to [[IBI Services]] in London, addressed to Haidar Barbouti and the lawyer [[Arie David]] and signed for [[Raja Hassan Ali]]: "We expect the assistance that you promised to the Enterprise For Pesticide Production. Additional supplies of the raw materials will insure future funding by the foreign minister. Abudul Senoussi knows our requirements." Raja Hassan Ali, director general of the economic department of Iraq's [[Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization]], was a defendant in the [[Atlanta]] indictment in the [[BNL Scandal|Banca Nazionale del Lavoro case]]. [[Abdullah al-Senussi|Abdullah al-Senoussi]], a brother-in-law of [[Muammar Gaddafi]], had been named by French investigators in the bombing of a UTA airliner in September 1989. The pesticide enterprise was reported to be a front for the chemical weapons complex at [[Samarra]]. The newspaper added that the family was the subject of a [[United States Customs Service|Customs]] investigation into exports of dual-use technology to Libya and Iraq, and that Ihsan Barbouti "allegedly died on his 63rd birthday in July 1990, but some former business associates believe he feigned his death to avoid prosecution or even death by Israeli intelligence."[^2]
+
+On March 6, 1992, the paper reported that a Houston jury had found Haidar Barbouti and three family companies liable for more than 12 million dollars to Munden, whose pipe-coating technology, with "military and nuclear as well as industrial uses," had been taken and exported. Judge [[Scott Brister]] did not allow the jury to be told that the destinations were Libya and Iraq. Munden was described as a grand jury witness in a federal investigation of father and son. Haidar Barbouti, then 24, sued the newspaper for libel, swearing that he had promised no assistance to the pesticide enterprise. The Texas court of appeals, sitting en banc in 1996, held both articles substantially true.[^2]
+
+### Ben-Menashe
+
+The former Israeli intelligence officer [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] is the only source for the following. He wrote that Barbouti obtained artillery casings in [[West Germany]] for chemical munitions made in [[Santiago]] by [[Carlos Cardoen]]; that he had an interest in Cardoen's chemical plant in [[Paraguay]], which drew materials from [[Florida]] and [[Texas]]; that in the 1950s he had arranged for former Nazi scientists to work on missiles in [[Egypt]]; that he staged his death to escape [[Mossad]], reappeared in the United States, and made an arrangement with the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]; and that an Israeli intelligence committee put him on a list for execution, which [[Yitzhak Shamir]] suspended.[^3]
 
 ### Footnotes
-[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992.
+
+[^1]: TK-7 Corp. v. Estate of Barbouti, 993 F.2d 722 (10th Cir. 1993).
+[^2]: Barbouti v. Hearst Corp., 927 S.W.2d 37 (Tex. App. 1996), reproducing Urban, Jerry. "Letter triggers new probe of Barbouti," *Houston Chronicle,* February 21, 1992, and "Barbouti's son found liable in technology theft scheme," *Houston Chronicle,* March 6, 1992.
+[^3]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 1992.