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20 - ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/INTERNATIONAL/Mukhabarat.md
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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Iraq's General Intelligence Service - Jihaz al-Mukhabarat al-Amma - was establis
The CIA maintained a liaison relationship with Iraqi intelligence from 1963 onward, when the Ba'ath Party first came to power. The relationship deepened substantially during the [[Iran-Iraq War]] (1980-1988), when the United States provided Iraq with intelligence, dual-use technology, and diplomatic cover despite knowledge that Iraq was using chemical weapons against Iranian forces. [[Donald Rumsfeld]]'s December 1983 visit to Baghdad - as Reagan's special envoy - cemented this partnership, and CIA intelligence sharing with the Mukhabarat expanded in subsequent years.[^4]
The [[BNL scandal]] - the exposure of the [[Banca Nazionale del Lavoro]]'s Atlanta branch as a conduit for approximately $5 billion in unauthorized loans to Iraq - documented the extent of Western financial and industrial support for Iraqi arms procurement during the 1980s. Iraqi procurement agents, operating through Mukhabarat-connected front companies, used the BNL credit lines to purchase weapons, dual-use technology, and equipment from American and European suppliers. The [[Arms-to-Iraq]] investigation by British MP [[Robin Cook]] and subsequent parliamentary inquiries examined the parallel British dimension of this arms transfer network.[^4]
The [[BNL scandal]] - the exposure of the [[Banca Nazionale del Lavoro]]'s [[Atlanta]] branch as a conduit for approximately $5 billion in unauthorized loans to Iraq - documented the extent of Western financial and industrial support for Iraqi arms procurement during the 1980s. Iraqi procurement agents, operating through Mukhabarat-connected front companies, used the BNL credit lines to purchase weapons, dual-use technology, and equipment from American and European suppliers. The [[Arms-to-Iraq]] investigation by British MP [[Robin Cook]] and subsequent parliamentary inquiries examined the parallel British dimension of this arms transfer network.[^4]
The Iraqi Mukhabarat was substantially dismantled following the 2003 U.S. invasion and Saddam Hussein's removal from power; its personnel files and operational networks became subjects of significant intelligence collection by U.S. forces in the immediate post-invasion period.