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40 - EVENTS/INTELLIGENCE_SCANDALS/Arms-to-Iraq.md
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@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Several ministers - including [[William Waldegrave]] and Nicholas Lyell - were f
### Connections to Broader Networks
The Arms-to-Iraq affair intersected with the same networks documented in this vault's Iran-Contra materials. [[Carlos Cardoen]]'s cluster munition supplies to Iraq moved through similar government-licensed channels. The BNL scandal's Atlanta loans financed the same Iraqi procurement entities. [[PROMIS]] software was allegedly supplied to Iraqi intelligence through overlapping networks. The British government's knowledge of Iraq's chemical weapons program - including the use of British-supplied precursors - while continuing to support exports was a particularly damaging element of the Scott inquiry's findings.[^1]
The Arms-to-Iraq affair intersected with the same networks documented in this vault's Iran-Contra materials. [[Carlos Cardoen]]'s cluster munition supplies to Iraq moved through similar government-licensed channels. The BNL scandal's [[Atlanta]] loans financed the same Iraqi procurement entities. [[PROMIS]] software was allegedly supplied to Iraqi intelligence through overlapping networks. The British government's knowledge of Iraq's chemical weapons program - including the use of British-supplied precursors - while continuing to support exports was a particularly damaging element of the Scott inquiry's findings.[^1]
[[Mark Thatcher]], son of former Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]], had separate business dealings in arms-related sectors during the same period. Thatcher was later convicted in South Africa in 2004 for helping finance the [[Equatorial Guinea]] coup attempt organized by South African mercenaries.[^2]

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40 - EVENTS/INTELLIGENCE_SCANDALS/BNL Scandal.md
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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ end: 1993-12-31
location: "Atlanta, Georgia"
---
The BNL scandal (Banca Nazionale del Lavoro scandal) grew from the discovery that the Atlanta, Georgia branch of [[Banca Nazionale del Lavoro]] - Italy's largest state-owned bank - had illegally extended approximately $5 billion in unauthorized loans to [[Iraq]] between 1985 and 1989. The loans were used by [[Saddam Hussein]]'s government to finance purchases of weapons, weapons components, and dual-use industrial equipment. The FBI discovered the scheme on August 4, 1989, when agents raided the Atlanta branch and seized documents showing undisclosed credit facilities to Iraqi state enterprises.[^1]
The BNL scandal (Banca Nazionale del Lavoro scandal) grew from the discovery that the [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] branch of [[Banca Nazionale del Lavoro]] - Italy's largest state-owned bank - had illegally extended approximately $5 billion in unauthorized loans to [[Iraq]] between 1985 and 1989. The loans were used by [[Saddam Hussein]]'s government to finance purchases of weapons, weapons components, and dual-use industrial equipment. The FBI discovered the scheme on August 4, 1989, when agents raided the Atlanta branch and seized documents showing undisclosed credit facilities to Iraqi state enterprises.[^1]
### The Atlanta Loans