vault backup: 2026-05-17 21:47:57

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Albert Stubblebine.md

@@ -1,17 +1,59 @@
 ---
-category: "Key Figures"
+created: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: Albert Stubblebine
+aliases:
+  - Albert Stubblebine
+  - Albert N. Stubblebine III
+  - Bert Stubblebine
 tags:
   - Person
-  - Stargate
   - Military
-  - RemoteViewer
-summary: "Major General Albert Stubblebine was a U.S."
+  - Stargate
+  - INSCOM
+  - PSI
+  - RemoteViewing
+  - 1980s
+category: "Military"
+summary: "Major General Albert Stubblebine III was the U.S. Army INSCOM commander from 1981 to 1984 who was the military's most senior advocate of psychic research for intelligence applications, personally believed in training soldiers for anomalous physical feats, and provided high-level Army support that kept the STARGATE remote viewing program funded through its critical early operational phase."
 born: 1930-02-06
 died: 2017-02-06
-location: "New York, USA"
+location: "New York, New York"
 ---
-Major General [[Albert Stubblebine]] was a [[U.S. Army]] general and a strong supporter of [[Psi|psychic]] research, particularly within the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Stargate Project]]. He served as the [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]] commander. Stubblebine was known for his unconventional interests and his belief in the potential of psychic abilities for military applications. He reportedly attempted to walk through walls and other feats.[^1]
+
+Major General Albert Newton Stubblebine III (February 6, 1930 - February 6, 2017) was a U.S. Army general who served as commanding general of the [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]] from 1981 to 1984, during which he was the most senior American military officer publicly associated with belief in psychic phenomena and their military applications. His command authority provided the institutional protection that allowed the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Grill Flame]] and [[STARGATE PROJECT|Center Lane]] remote viewing programs to survive bureaucratic resistance and continue operating through the early 1980s. He died on his 87th birthday.
+
+### Military Career
+
+Stubblebine graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1952 and pursued a career in Army intelligence and signals work. He advanced through assignments in Army intelligence analysis, signals intelligence, and special operations-adjacent programs, eventually reaching the senior Army intelligence command positions.
+
+He was appointed commanding general of INSCOM in 1981. INSCOM was the Army's primary intelligence collection and counterintelligence organization, responsible for signals intelligence, human intelligence collection, and operational security programs across the Army. The STARGATE remote viewing program, which had been operating at Fort Meade since 1977 under code names Gondola Wish and Grill Flame, fell within INSCOM's organizational umbrella.
+
+### Psychic Research Advocacy
+
+Stubblebine was a genuine believer in the potential of unconventional human capabilities for military applications. He believed that with sufficient training and mental discipline, soldiers could develop abilities that conventional science had not fully measured or explained. This conviction encompassed remote viewing - which the Grill Flame program was already investigating - as well as more extreme propositions including the possibility of passing the human body through solid matter by achieving a sufficiently altered mental state.
+
+Reports from officers who served under him described Stubblebine attempting to walk through the wall of his Pentagon office, based on his conviction that this was theoretically achievable through the right mental training. These reports, which circulated within the Army intelligence community and later became part of the broader cultural record of the STARGATE era documented in Jon Ronson's *The Men Who Stare at Goats* (2004), illustrated both the sincerity of his beliefs and the distance between those beliefs and mainstream military culture.
+
+He pushed for expanded use of psychics throughout Army intelligence and organized training programs intended to develop soldiers' latent psychic capabilities. These included consciousness training exercises at [[Fort Bragg]] for special operations personnel. The cultural environment these programs created - sometimes called the "First Earth Battalion" culture after Lieutenant Colonel Jim Channon's influential 1979 concept paper proposing a psychic warrior force - was an institutional artifact of Stubblebine's INSCOM command.
+
+### Support for STARGATE
+
+Stubblebine's most consequential contribution to the government remote viewing program was his command-level support. When skeptics within Army intelligence and Pentagon bureaucracies questioned the program's value, Stubblebine's rank and genuine enthusiasm provided protection. He participated in remote viewing demonstrations, received briefings on operational results, and used his position to continue program funding and staffing through his INSCOM tenure.
+
+His advocacy also had limits: the program's credibility within mainstream Army intelligence was not enhanced by its association with a commander known for attempting to walk through walls. Officers who might otherwise have engaged with the remote viewing program's results distanced themselves from it to avoid association with what they considered an embarrassingly unconventional command climate.
+
+Stubblebine was relieved of the INSCOM command in 1984 and retired from the Army. After his departure, the program continued but lost some of its most senior Army champion. The DIA subsequently took over primary program management.
+
+### Post-Military Career
+
+After retirement, Stubblebine became involved in alternative health movements and supplement businesses. He married psychiatrist Rima Laibow, and the two became prominent voices in alternative medicine and health freedom advocacy, including campaigns against mandatory vaccination and opposition to pharmaceutical industry regulation. This later career was distant in character from his military intelligence background but reflected a consistent pattern of skepticism toward mainstream institutional authority.
+
+He was prominently featured in Jon Ronson's *The Men Who Stare at Goats* (2004) and the 2009 film adaptation, which used him and the Grill Flame culture as the central subjects of its examination of psychic warfare research within the U.S. military.
+
+Stubblebine died February 6, 2017 - his 87th birthday - at his home in New Mexico.
 
 ### Footnotes
 
-[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017, pp. 160-185 (covers Stubblebine's INSCOM command and its role in the remote viewing program). Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, pp. 210-240.
+[^2]: Ronson, Jon. *The Men Who Stare at Goats.* Simon & Schuster, 2004 (Stubblebine is a central figure; documents the wall-walking incidents and the Grill Flame culture under his command). Channon, Jim. "First Earth Battalion Operations Manual." U.S. Army document, 1979 (the concept paper that articulated the psychic warrior vision Stubblebine embraced).

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Andrija Puharich.md

@@ -1,19 +1,34 @@
 ---
-category: "Key Figures"
+created: 2026-05-15
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: Andrija Puharich
+aliases:
+  - Andrija Puharich
+  - Henry Karel Puharich
+  - Henry Puharich
+category: "Scientists & Researchers"
 tags:
   - Person
-  - Stargate
+  - Parapsychology
   - CIA
-summary: "Henry Karel "Andrija" Puharich (1918–1995) was a prominent American physician, research scientist, and parapsychologist who became a central figure in the U.S."
+  - MKULTRA
+  - PSI
+  - UriGeller
+  - SRI
+  - RoundTableFoundation
+  - 1950s
+  - 1960s
+  - 1970s
+summary: "Andrija Puharich was a physician and parapsychologist who founded the Round Table Foundation in 1949, conducted Army-contracted ESP research at Edgewood Arsenal, brought Uri Geller to Stanford Research Institute for CIA-funded testing in 1972, and died alone and impoverished in 1995."
 born: 1918-02-19
 died: 1995-01-03
-location: "Chicago, Illinois, USA"
+location: "Chicago, Illinois"
 ---
 Henry Karel "Andrija" Puharich (1918–1995) was a prominent American physician, research scientist, and parapsychologist who became a central figure in the U.S. government's investigations into [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] and [[Psychokinesis|PK]] during the [[Cold War]]. His lifelong quest to understand the nature of consciousness and anomalous mental phenomena led him to explore the intersection of science, mysticism, and the supernatural[^1].
 
 Born in Chicago on February 19, 1918, to poor Yugoslavian immigrants, Puharich had an early experience that shaped his future. As a milk delivery boy, he claimed to have calmed a vicious dog by sending "feelings of calmness and peace," leading him to believe in [[Telepathy|mind-to-mind telepathy]] and inspiring him to pursue medicine to understand the biological basis of such phenomena[^1]. He excelled academically, attending Northwestern University for philosophy and premedical studies before entering medical school. During his studies, he deeply contemplated the nature of the mind and consciousness, stating, "Understanding the nature of man’s consciousness... is my lifelong quest"[^1].
 
-After completing his medical degree in 1947, Puharich worked with leading physicians, including his mentor, Dr. Andrew C. Ivy. During his residency at the Permanente Research Foundation, he formulated the **Puharich Theory**, which posited an unknown energy force linking the brain and nervous system to cells, with instructions flowing between them as "dynamics." He believed this energy radiated on the [[Electromagnetic Spectrum|electromagnetic spectrum]] but was beyond current measurement technology. His theory gained traction when [[Lloyd H. Beck]] and [[Walter S. Miles]] of Yale University reported that the olfactory nerve of a bee radiated energy in the infrared spectrum[^1].
+After completing his medical degree in 1947, Puharich worked with leading physicians, including his mentor, Dr. Andrew C. Ivy. During his residency at the Permanente Research Foundation, he formulated the Puharich Theory, which posited an unknown energy force linking the brain and nervous system to cells, with instructions flowing between them as "dynamics." He believed this energy radiated on the [[Electromagnetic Spectrum|electromagnetic spectrum]] but was beyond current measurement technology. His theory gained traction when [[Lloyd H. Beck]] and [[Walter S. Miles]] of Yale University reported that the olfactory nerve of a bee radiated energy in the infrared spectrum[^1].
 
 Inspired by microbiologist [[Paul De Kruif]], who warned him to "Beware the Establishment!"[^1], Puharich began lecturing on his ideas, merging philosophy, mysticism, and science. This attracted wealthy benefactors, notably [[Joyce Borden Balokovic]] and [[Zlatko Balokovic]], and later [[Alice Astor Bouverie]] and [[Marcella Miller du Pont]]. With their financial backing, Puharich established the [[Round Table Foundation]] in Glen Cove, Maine, in 1949. The foundation, named in homage to King Arthur, aimed to conduct experiments on [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] and related phenomena[^1].
 
@@ -31,7 +46,7 @@ Upon his return to civilian life in 1955, Puharich continued his research at the
 
 After the death of [[Alice Astor Bouverie]], a key financial supporter, and growing paranoia about CIA interest in his research, Puharich and [[Peter Hurkos]] traveled to Mexico in search of more mushrooms. The [[Round Table Foundation]] eventually closed in 1957[^1].
 
-Puharich continued to work on secret government contracts, including for [[NASA]] and the [[Air Force Systems Command]], exploring concepts like "skin reading"—the idea that the skin could function as an organ of sensory communication beyond touch. He demonstrated this with deaf individuals, convincing [[Paul S. Henshaw]] of the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] of its legitimacy[^1].
+Puharich continued to work on secret government contracts, including for [[NASA]] and the [[Air Force Systems Command]], exploring concepts like "skin reading" - the idea that the skin could function as an organ of sensory communication beyond touch. He demonstrated this with deaf individuals, convincing [[Paul S. Henshaw]] of the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] of its legitimacy[^1].
 
 His interests also extended to psychic healing, leading him to Brazil to study [[Arigo]], a healer who reportedly performed surgeries with a pocketknife. Puharich documented Arigo's work, hoping to secure military interest in "psychic healing on the battlefield," though without success[^1].
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Brad Kenneth Spafford.md

@@ -1,10 +1,20 @@
 ---
-category: "Intelligence & Government"
+created: 2026-05-15
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: Brad Kenneth Spafford
+aliases:
+  - Brad Kenneth Spafford
+  - Brad Spafford
+category: "Law Enforcement & Legal"
 tags:
   - Person
-summary: "Brad Kenneth Spafford was born in 1988."
-born: 1988
-location: "Isle of Wight County, Virginia, USA"
+  - Domestic
+  - Explosives
+  - FBI
+  - 2020s
+summary: "Brad Kenneth Spafford was a Virginia private pilot and machinist arrested by the FBI on December 17, 2024, at his Isle of Wight County property where 150 pipe bombs, a homemade mortar, and related materials were found."
+born: 1988-01-01
+location: "Isle of Wight County, Virginia"
 ---
 Brad Kenneth Spafford was born in 1988. He is married to Jacqueline Spafford (born March 1989) and has two daughters.
 
@@ -19,7 +29,7 @@ On Oct 2, 2024, Spafford bought a 20 acre property at [14151 Foursquare Rd, Smi
 On December 11, 2024, Spafford registered Wandering Woods Ranch LLC[^1].
 
 Spafford was arrested by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] on December 17, 2024 for possession of a short barrel rifled and was later found to have 150 pipe bombs, explosives, a homemade mortar, and other related material on his property.
-# Footnotes
+### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: [Wandering Woods Ranch LLC](https://www.bizapedia.com/va/wandering-woods-ranch-llc.html)
 [^2]: [14151 Foursquare Rd](https://www.redfin.com/VA/Smithfield/14151-Foursquare-Rd-23430/home/49170416)

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Cheri Seymour.md

@@ -1,19 +1,25 @@
 ---
-category: "PROMIS Scandal"
+title: Cheri Seymour
+aliases:
+  - Cheri Seymour
+created: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-05-17
+category: "Authors & Journalists"
 tags:
   - Person
   - PROMIS
   - Journalist
-summary: "Cheri Seymour is an investigative journalist and author."
+  - Author
+  - OrganizedCrime
+summary: "Cheri Seymour is an investigative journalist and author whose book The Last Circle documented Danny Casolaro’s investigation into the PROMIS software scandal and the alleged criminal network he called The Octopus."
 ---
 
-
-Cheri Seymour is an investigative journalist and author. She is the author of "The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal." Seymour was a reporter for a small newspaper in a remote community near Yosemite Valley. Her work on "The Last Circle" involved extensive investigation into organized crime, drug trafficking, money laundering, and pirated software, following the trail of Danny Casolaro's investigation into what he termed "The Octopus."[^1]
+Cheri Seymour is an investigative journalist and author. She is the author of *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal.* Seymour was a reporter for a small newspaper in a remote community near Yosemite Valley. Her work on *The Last Circle* involved extensive investigation into organized crime, drug trafficking, money laundering, and pirated software, following the trail of [[Danny Casolaro]]’s investigation into what he termed "[[The Octopus]]."[^1]
 
 ### Bibliography
 
-*   **The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal** (First Edition) - ISBN-13: 978-1-9362960-0-2 (Print)
+- *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal* (TrineDay, 2010) - ISBN-13: 978-1-9362960-0-2
 
 ### Footnotes
 
-[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. TrineDay, 2010.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ed Rogers.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ summary: "Ed Rogers was the chief of Staff D (later known as the Office of SIGIN
 
 Ed Rogers was the chief of Staff D (later known as the Office of SIGINT Operations) at the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], an office specializing in small-scale signals intelligence (SIGINT) collection. He was a key figure in the internal debates within the CIA regarding the use of psychic intelligence, or [[PSI-INT]].[^1]
 
-Rogers was highly skeptical of incorporating psychic data into high-stakes operations, primarily due to what he termed the "giggle factor"—the fear of ridicule and operational compromise if it became widely known that his office was consulting psychics. This skepticism was evident when [[Norm Everheart]] proposed using [[Pat Price]]'s remote viewing abilities to confirm the layout of a Chinese Embassy basement.[^1]
+Rogers was highly skeptical of incorporating psychic data into high-stakes operations, primarily due to what he termed the "giggle factor" - the fear of ridicule and operational compromise if it became widely known that his office was consulting psychics. This skepticism was evident when [[Norm Everheart]] proposed using [[Pat Price]]'s remote viewing abilities to confirm the layout of a Chinese Embassy basement.[^1]
 
 Despite Price's impressive performance in three preliminary tests, accurately describing details of the Chinese Embassy in Africa and a consular building in Rome, Rogers ultimately decided against using psychic intelligence for the operation. He famously stated, "It may be the only opportunity we ever have to find something at ground level... I'm not going to screw it up by reading tea leaves." In the end, Rogers approved a risky operation using conventional technical means to check the targeted embassy's basement, which concluded it was only a wine cellar, not a communications office.[^1]
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Eden Pastora.md

@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ Pastora eventually broke with the CIA and was accused by the agency of consortin
 
 Pastora claimed he was the target of an elaborate CIA scheme to force him out of the war, a plot that involved the use of drug dealers working for the intelligence agency. This occurred, he said, after he refused CIA orders to unite his forces with the former National Guardsmen in the CIA's northern Contra army, the FDN. When it came time to dispose of him, Pastora said, the CIA leaked the information that he was getting help from drug dealers, both to drain his support in the United States and to make him the fall guy for the cocaine trafficking being done by the CIA's "approved" Contra armies.[^4]
 
-CIA station chief [[Joseph Fernandez]] disputed Pastora's claims, but CIA files showed the agency "disseminated" the drug information about Pastora to a "broad range of senior [U.S. government] intelligence and law enforcement officials"—in stark contrast to the agency's silence about drug dealing by the FDN and UDN-FARN. To this day, Pastora remains the only Contra commander the U.S. government has ever officially admitted was involved with drug money.[^4]
+CIA station chief [[Joseph Fernandez]] disputed Pastora's claims, but CIA files showed the agency "disseminated" the drug information about Pastora to a "broad range of senior [U.S. government] intelligence and law enforcement officials" - in stark contrast to the agency's silence about drug dealing by the FDN and UDN-FARN. To this day, Pastora remains the only Contra commander the U.S. government has ever officially admitted was involved with drug money.[^4]
 
 ### CIA-Linked Drug Money
 
 After the CIA cutoff of his funding in May 1984, Pastora received financial assistance from CIA-linked sources. Colombian trafficker [[George Morales]] provided aircraft, money, and weapons through CIA assets [[Octaviano Cesar]] and Adolfo "Popo" Chamorro, who assured Morales the CIA would resolve his pending drug indictment in exchange for assistance.[^4]
 
-Danilo Blandón also provided cash—$6,000 according to Pastora, $20,000 according to Marcos Aguado—two pickup trucks, and the keys to his vacation home in San Jose, Costa Rica, where Pastora lived rent-free for several years. [[Felix Saborio|Dr. Felix Saborio]], a childhood friend of Blandón, became Pastora's representative to the Cuban community in Miami and ARDE fund-raiser. Pastora assumed Blandón was a successful car dealer. "Blandón and Saborio. . .both vanished from my ranks when it became clear that I was not willing to march to the tune of the CIA," Pastora said.[^4]
+Danilo Blandón also provided cash - $6,000 according to Pastora, $20,000 according to Marcos Aguado - two pickup trucks, and the keys to his vacation home in San Jose, Costa Rica, where Pastora lived rent-free for several years. [[Felix Saborio|Dr. Felix Saborio]], a childhood friend of Blandón, became Pastora's representative to the Cuban community in Miami and ARDE fund-raiser. Pastora assumed Blandón was a successful car dealer. "Blandón and Saborio. . .both vanished from my ranks when it became clear that I was not willing to march to the tune of the CIA," Pastora said.[^4]
 
 Former CIA official [[Alan Fiers]] testified: "We knew that everybody around Pastora was involved in cocaine. We knew it from November of 1984 forward. We reported it." A few months after the AP exposed Pastora's involvement with drug money in late 1985, Pastora quit the Contra war and became a fisherman. The CIA then replaced him with Fernando "El Negro" Chamorro's UDN-FARN, which had far more links to drug traffickers.[^4]
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Eric Swenson.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Eric Swenson, a former assistant U.S. attorney familiar with investigations into
 
 ### Context
 
-Swenson's confirmation that both Justice and the CIA were aware of Meneses's Contra connections came during a period when Meneses could easily have been indicted on federal cocaine trafficking charges. One of his top lieutenants had pleaded guilty and publicly implicated him. But allowing Meneses to take the witness stand was out of the question—he knew too much about the [[FDN]]'s involvement with drug merchants and could have led investigators to [[Danilo Blandon|Danilo Blandón]]'s cocaine operation in South Central Los Angeles.[^1]
+Swenson's confirmation that both Justice and the CIA were aware of Meneses's Contra connections came during a period when Meneses could easily have been indicted on federal cocaine trafficking charges. One of his top lieutenants had pleaded guilty and publicly implicated him. But allowing Meneses to take the witness stand was out of the question - he knew too much about the [[FDN]]'s involvement with drug merchants and could have led investigators to [[Danilo Blandon|Danilo Blandón]]'s cocaine operation in South Central Los Angeles.[^1]
 
 ### Footnotes
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ernst Schulte-Strathaus.md

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 ---
+created: 2026-05-15
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: Ernst Schulte-Strathaus
 aliases:
-- Ernst Schulte-Strathaus
-category: "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
+  - Ernst Schulte-Strathaus
+category: "Scientists & Researchers"
 tags:
   - Person
-  - RemoteViewer
-summary: "Ernst Schulte-Strathaus was a German astrologer who, alongside Karl Krafft, was reported to have constructed star charts that influenced Rudolf Hess's decision to undertake his rogue flight to Scotland in May 1941."
+  - Astrology
+  - NaziGermany
+  - RudolfHess
+  - 1940s
+summary: "Ernst Schulte-Strathaus was a German astrologer reportedly involved with Karl Krafft in constructing star charts that influenced Rudolf Hess's May 1941 flight to Scotland, after which he was arrested in the mass crackdown on astrologers and occultists ordered by Hitler following the incident."
 ---
 
-# Ernst Schulte-Strathaus
-
 Ernst Schulte-Strathaus was a German astrologer who, alongside [[Karl Krafft]], was reported to have constructed star charts that influenced [[Rudolf Hess]]'s decision to undertake his rogue flight to Scotland in May 1941. Hess, the Deputy Führer of [[Nazi Germany]], reportedly chose this date based on astrological advice, believing it to be cosmically suited for his secret mission[^1].
 
 Like other practitioners of the occult, Schulte-Strathaus would have been affected by "[[Special Action Hess]]" (Sonderaktion Heß), the mass arrest of astrologers and other occultists initiated by [[Adolf Hitler]] following Hess's flight[^1]. This crackdown aimed to suppress belief systems outside the official Nazi ideology, despite some high-ranking officials like [[Heinrich Himmler]] maintaining private interests in such fields[^1].

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Frank Olson.md

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+created: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: Frank Olson
+aliases:
+  - Frank Rudolph Olson
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - CIA
+  - MKULTRA
+  - BioWeapons
+  - ColdWar
+  - 1950s
+category: "Intelligence & Government"
+summary: "Frank Olson was a CIA bacteriologist at Fort Detrick who was non-consensually dosed with LSD by Sidney Gottlieb at a November 1953 CIA retreat and died nine days later in disputed circumstances, falling from a New York hotel window that a 1994 forensic examination found was inconsistent with suicide."
+born: 1910-07-17
+died: 1953-11-28
+location: "Frederick, Maryland"
+---
+
+Frank Rudolph Olson (July 17, 1910 - November 28, 1953) was a [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] bacteriologist and [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] contractor who worked on biological weapons research at [[Fort Detrick]] in [[Frederick, Maryland|Frederick]], [[Maryland]]. On November 18-19, 1953, [[Sidney Gottlieb]] of the CIA's [[Technical Services Division]] secretly dosed Olson with [[LSD]] at a CIA retreat. Nine days later, Olson fell from a tenth-floor window of the Hotel Statler in [[New York City]] and died on impact. The death was ruled a suicide and concealed for twenty-two years. A 1994 forensic examination found cranial injuries inconsistent with a fall, suggesting he was struck before going through the window. The circumstances of Olson's death have never been conclusively established, and a homicide investigation opened by the New York County District Attorney was closed without prosecution.[^1]
+
+### Fort Detrick and Biological Weapons Work
+
+Olson was a scientist with a doctorate in bacteriology. He worked at Fort Detrick's Special Operations Division, which conducted research into biological and chemical agents for potential use in covert CIA operations. The Special Operations Division was the CIA's primary research site for biological assassination materials during the early Cold War - the same facility from which [[Sidney Gottlieb|Gottlieb]] obtained the biological materials he carried to [[Congo]] in 1960 in connection with the [[Patrice Lumumba]] assassination plot.
+
+Olson's specific responsibilities included research into agents capable of being aerosolized or delivered through food or drink, and he had participated in CIA operational programs abroad that exposed him to the agency's most extreme covert methods. By late 1953, according to his son Eric Olson's subsequent investigation, Frank Olson had developed serious reservations about the ethical dimensions of his work - particularly regarding CIA interrogation methods he had witnessed firsthand.[^1]
+
+### The Deep Creek Lake Retreat
+
+On November 18-19, 1953, Gottlieb convened a working retreat for approximately ten Technical Services Staff officers and contractors at a cabin at Deep Creek Lake in western Maryland. On the evening of November 19, after the day's meetings concluded, Gottlieb secretly added LSD to the bottle of Cointreau from which participants were drinking. He waited approximately twenty minutes before informing the group what he had done.
+
+Olson had a severe adverse reaction. In the days following the retreat he exhibited paranoid ideation, anxiety, and what colleagues described as psychological collapse. He told his wife that he had "made a terrible mistake." CIA supervisors arranged for him to see Dr. Harold Abramson, a CIA-connected New York psychiatrist who was himself an MKULTRA contractor.
+
+Gottlieb and CIA security officer Robert Lashbrook accompanied Olson to New York for the consultation. Olson's psychological state was deteriorating; Lashbrook was assigned to stay with him at the Hotel Statler in Midtown Manhattan. Plans were being made for Olson to undergo treatment at a CIA-affiliated psychiatric facility.[^1]
+
+### Death
+
+On the night of November 28-29, 1953, Olson fell through a closed window - shade and glass - from the tenth floor of the Hotel Statler. Lashbrook was in the room. He called Abramson before calling the police. Olson died on impact on the street below.
+
+The New York Police Department investigated briefly and ruled the death a suicide. The CIA informed Olson's family only that he had suffered a mental breakdown and fallen from a window. Director [[Allen Dulles]] was briefed on the circumstances, including the LSD dosing. The CIA prepared a classified account of the incident. No criminal investigation was pursued. The CIA subsequently paid Olson's family a private financial settlement of $750,000 in exchange for their silence.
+
+The circumstances Lashbrook described to investigators over subsequent years shifted in minor respects. He stated he had been asleep when Olson fell. The window required significant force to penetrate - it was a standard hotel window with a latching mechanism and a roller shade, not easily exited accidentally in the dark.[^2]
+
+### Disclosure and Forensic Investigation
+
+In 1975, the Church Committee's investigation into CIA domestic activities surfaced a reference to an employee who had died after being unknowingly dosed with LSD. President [[Gerald Ford]] acknowledged the episode and the Olson family was invited to the White House. The CIA disclosed that Frank Olson was the unnamed employee and that he had been dosed with LSD nine days before his death. Congress passed a private bill compensating the family for $750,000 in 1976.
+
+The family's subsequent private investigation, led by Olson's son Eric, raised the question of whether the death was suicide or murder. Eric Olson's theory was that his father had been murdered because his knowledge of CIA biological weapons programs and interrogation methods made him a security risk in his deteriorating psychological state.
+
+In 1994, Eric Olson arranged the exhumation of his father's body. Forensic pathologist James Starrs of George Washington University led the examination. Starrs found a hematoma on the left side of Olson's skull and injuries to the cheekbone inconsistent with the fall - injuries suggesting a blow to the head prior to going through the window. Starrs classified the death as a homicide by unknown means.
+
+The New York County District Attorney reopened the case as a potential homicide. Gottlieb and Lashbrook were interviewed; both maintained Olson had gone through the window voluntarily. The case was closed in 2002 without prosecution, in part because the chain of physical evidence was too degraded and the surviving witnesses' accounts too inconsistent to support a murder charge beyond reasonable doubt.
+
+Gottlieb died in March 1999 while the investigation was still formally open. He was never charged in connection with Olson's death.[^2]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Kinzer, Stephen. *Poisoner in Chief: Sidney Gottlieb and the CIA Search for Mind Control.* Henry Holt and Company, 2019. Marks, John. *The Search for the Manchurian Candidate: The CIA and Mind Control.* Times Books, 1979.
+[^2]: Albarelli, H.P. *A Terrible Mistake: The Murder of Frank Olson and the CIA's Secret Cold War Experiments.* Trine Day, 2009 (the most comprehensive investigation of Olson's death, including extensive primary document analysis). Starrs, James E. Forensic examination report, Olson exhumation, 1994, filed with New York County District Attorney.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Frank Terpil.md

@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
 ---
+created: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: Frank Terpil
+aliases:
+  - Frank Terpil
+  - Frank Edwin Terpil
 category: "Intelligence & Government"
 tags:
   - Person
   - CIA
   - Libya
-  - Arms_Dealer
-  - Edwin_Wilson
+  - ArmsDealers
+  - EdwinWilson
   - 1970s
   - 1980s
-summary: "Frank Terpil was a former CIA Technical Operations officer who partnered with Edwin Wilson to supply arms, explosives, and paramilitary training to Libya's Qaddafi, fled rather than face a 1980 U.S. indictment, and reportedly died in exile in Cuba in 2016."
-location: "Exile (Cuba / Syria / Beirut)"
+summary: "Frank Terpil was a former CIA Technical Operations officer who partnered with Edwin Wilson to supply arms, explosives, and paramilitary training to Libya's Qaddafi, fled the U.S. rather than face a 1980 federal indictment, and reportedly died in exile in Cuba in 2016."
+born: 1939-01-01
 died: 2016-01-01
+location: "Exile (Cuba / Syria / Beirut)"
 ---
 
 Frank Edwin Terpil was a former [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Technical Operations officer who left the agency under administrative difficulties in 1971 and subsequently built a private career in arms dealing and paramilitary consulting that brought him into serious criminal jeopardy. His primary criminal exposure arose from his partnership with [[Edwin Wilson]] in supplying weapons, C-4 plastic explosive, and military training to Libya under Muammar Qaddafi during the late 1970s.[^1]

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Gamal Abdel Nasser.md

@@ -1,44 +1,55 @@
 ---
+created: 2026-05-15
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: Gamal Abdel Nasser
 aliases:
-- Gamal Abdel Nasser
+  - Gamal Abdel Nasser
+  - Nasser
+  - Gamal Abdul Nasser
 category: "Intelligence & Government"
 tags:
   - Person
+  - Egypt
   - Politician
-  - Israel
+  - PanArabism
+  - ColdWar
+  - SuezCrisis
   - Soviet
-  - Military
-summary: "**Rise to Power and Pan-Arab Vision**"
+  - CIA
+  - 1950s
+  - 1960s
+  - 1970s
+summary: "Gamal Abdel Nasser was the second president of Egypt (1956-1970), the dominant figure of Arab nationalism and the Non-Aligned Movement, whose nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956 triggered the tripartite Anglo-French-Israeli invasion and whose death from a heart attack in 1970 was reportedly predicted by Uri Geller during a Tel Aviv telepathy demonstration."
 born: 1918-01-15
 died: 1970-09-28
 location: "Alexandria, Egypt"
 ---
-[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] (1918–1970) was the second President of [[Egypt]], serving from 1956 until his death in 1970. He was a prominent figure in Arab nationalism and a key leader in the non-aligned movement during the [[Cold War]].[^1]
 
-**Rise to Power and Pan-Arab Vision**
+Gamal Abdel Nasser (January 15, 1918 - September 28, 1970) was the second president of [[Egypt]], serving from 1956 until his death. A founding member of the Free Officers movement that overthrew King Farouk in 1952, Nasser became the dominant figure in Arab nationalism and the Non-Aligned Movement during the [[Cold War]]. His presidency was defined by the nationalization of the [[Suez Canal]], the 1956 tripartite war with Israel, Britain, and France, and Egypt's shifting alliance from the West to the Soviet bloc.[^1]
 
-Nasser emerged as premier in 1954 after the overthrow of [[King Farouk]] in 1952. His ambitious talk of Pan-Arabism rattled the Israelis, who instinctively turned to the [[United States]] for support in response to this growing regional challenge.[^2]
+### Rise to Power and Pan-Arab Vision
 
-**Shift Toward Soviet Alliance**
+Nasser emerged as premier in 1954 after the 1952 coup. His promotion of Pan-Arabism - the idea of a unified Arab nation transcending existing state boundaries - created concern in [[Israel]], which turned to the [[United States]] for diplomatic support in response to the growing regional challenge. Nasser's personal charisma and his ability to articulate Arab grievances against colonial powers gave him a regional standing no other Arab leader of the period matched.[^2]
 
-The trajectory of Nasser's foreign policy took a decisive turn following escalating tensions with [[Israel]]. After the Israeli attack on an Egyptian military camp at [[Gaza]] in February 1955, Nasser responded by turning to the Communist world for military aid. His efforts to secure alternative sources of support proved fruitful when he received a promise from [[Chou En-lai]], the Chinese premier, for arms at the Bandung Conference of African and Asian nations in April 1955.[^2]
+### Shift Toward Soviet Alliance
 
-This initial outreach to the Communist bloc soon expanded dramatically. In July 1955, Soviet delegations arrived in [[Cairo]] to offer military aid, and by September, Nasser announced that [[Egypt]] would receive a staggering total of 200 modern Soviet bombers, 230 tanks, 200 troop carriers, and over 500 artillery pieces, along with Soviet advisers. This massive arms deal fundamentally altered the military balance in the Middle East.[^2]
+After an Israeli military strike on an Egyptian military camp at [[Gaza]] in February 1955, Nasser began seeking arms outside Western channels. At the Bandung Conference of African and Asian nations in April 1955, he secured a promise of arms from Chinese premier Chou En-lai. Soviet delegations arrived in [[Cairo]] in July 1955, and by September Nasser announced Egypt would receive 200 Soviet bombers, 230 tanks, 200 troop carriers, and over 500 artillery pieces along with Soviet advisers - a deal that fundamentally altered the military balance in the Middle East and accelerated Egypt's move into the Soviet orbit.[^2]
 
-**The Suez Crisis**
+### The Suez Crisis
 
-Building on his growing confidence and Soviet backing, Nasser made his most audacious move in July 1956 when he nationalized the [[Suez Canal]]. This bold action brought the British government into secret planning for war with [[Israel]] and [[France]], setting the stage for the 1956 Suez Crisis that would define his presidency and cement his status as a leader of the developing world.[^2]
+In July 1956 Nasser nationalized the [[Suez Canal]], which had been controlled by a British-French corporation. Britain, France, and Israel conducted secret planning and launched a coordinated invasion in October 1956 - Israel attacking the Sinai while British and French forces seized the Canal Zone. U.S. President Eisenhower, furious at being excluded from the planning and fearing Soviet exploitation of the crisis, forced all three to withdraw. The outcome cemented Nasser's standing as a hero of decolonization and weakened British and French influence in the region dramatically.[^2]
 
-**American Intelligence Connections**
+### American Intelligence Connections
 
-Throughout these tumultuous events, Nasser maintained complex relationships with Western intelligence figures. [[Miles Copeland]], a retired [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] officer, was a good friend of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]]. [[Miles Copeland|Copeland]] was believed by [[Israel|Israeli]] intelligence to be responsible for [[United States|U.S.]] pressure on [[Israel]], [[Britain]], and [[France]] to withdraw from the [[Suez Canal]] area in 1956, and for pushing [[Israel|Israelis]] to withdraw from the [[Sinai Desert|Sinai]].[^2]
+Nasser maintained complex relationships with Western intelligence figures throughout his presidency. [[Miles Copeland]], a retired CIA officer, was a personal friend. Israeli intelligence believed Copeland was responsible for U.S. pressure on Israel, Britain, and France to withdraw from the Suez Canal area in 1956 and for pushing Israel to withdraw from Sinai. The CIA's interest in Nasser fluctuated between viewing him as a potentially useful nationalist counterweight to Soviet influence and seeing him as a destabilizing force in a region critical to Western oil supply.[^2]
 
-**Death and Unusual Predictions**
+### Death and the Uri Geller Incident
 
-Nasser's political career came to an abrupt end when he purportedly collapsed with a stroke while giving a speech, leading to his death on September 28, 1970.[^2] Remarkably, [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser's]] death was notably predicted by [[Uri Geller|Israeli psychic Uri Geller]] during a [[Telepathy|telepathy]] demonstration in [[Tel Aviv]]. Geller, who became physically ill during the performance, proclaimed that [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]] "had just died or is about to die." Twenty minutes later, [[Radio Cairo]] announced [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser's]] death from a heart attack.[^1]
+Nasser died on September 28, 1970, from a heart attack after hosting the Arab League summit in Cairo. He was 52. His death was reportedly preceded by an unusual event: Israeli psychic [[Uri Geller]], performing a telepathy demonstration at the Tzavta Theater in [[Tel Aviv]], became physically ill during the performance and announced that Nasser "had just died or is about to die." Israeli journalist [[Ruth Hefer]], in the audience, immediately called her contact at Israel Radio International and was told there was no news about Nasser. Twenty minutes later, someone announced that Radio Cairo had confirmed Nasser's death from a heart attack.
+
+The incident was widely reported in Israel and significantly boosted Geller's local reputation. Prime Minister [[Golda Meir]] reportedly quipped, when asked about Israel's future, "Don't ask me... Ask Uri Geller." Nasser's successor was [[Anwar Sadat]], who charted a dramatically different course for Egyptian foreign policy, ultimately making peace with Israel through the 1978 Camp David Accords.[^1]
 
-This extraordinary event significantly boosted [[Uri Geller|Geller's]] reputation in [[Israel]], with [[Golda Meir|Prime Minister Golda Meir]] reportedly quipping, "Don't ask me... Ask [[Uri Geller]]" when asked about [[Israel|Israel's]] future. Nasser's successor was [[Anwar Sadat]], who would chart a dramatically different course for Egyptian foreign policy.[^1][^2]
 ### Footnotes
 
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. _Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis_. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
-[^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. _The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy_. Random House, 1991. Chapter 2, 3.
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy.* Random House, 1991.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Hal Puthoff.md

@@ -1,37 +1,78 @@
 ---
-category: "Key Figures"
+created: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: Hal Puthoff
+aliases:
+  - Hal Puthoff
+  - Harold E. Puthoff
+  - Harold Puthoff
 tags:
   - Person
+  - SRI
   - Stargate
   - CIA
-  - SRI
-summary: "American engineer and parapsychologist who led the SRI remote viewing program and later served as chief scientist for AATIP studying UAP."
+  - AATIP
+  - RemoteViewing
+  - Physics
+  - NSA
+  - 1970s
+  - 1980s
+  - 1990s
+  - 2000s
+category: "Intelligence & Government"
+summary: "Harold E. 'Hal' Puthoff is a physicist who co-founded the Stanford Research Institute remote viewing program with Russell Targ in 1972 under CIA contract, served as its principal investigator through 1985, and later contributed technical research to the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program."
 born: 1936-06-20
-location: "Chicago, Illinois, USA"
----
-Harold E. "Hal" Puthoff is an American engineer and parapsychologist. In the early 1950s, as a junior high school student in Miami, he was a shy and quiet kid who loved tinkering with electronics, building gadgets, and operating a ham radio. He played the electric steel Hawaiian guitar in a band and dreamed of becoming a radio deejay. His father had passed away, and he lived with his mother and aunt, with limited financial resources. He attended a vocational high school.[^1]
-
-Two decades later, Puthoff earned a Ph.D. from Stanford University and became a lecturer in its electrical engineering department. He held a patent for a tunable infrared laser and co-authored an influential textbook, *Fundamentals of Quantum Electronics*. By his early thirties, he was a recognized figure in laser physics and engineering. Despite his technical prowess, he had a creative and energetic reputation, but also a quiet concern for deeper meanings, having explored Gestalt psychology and visited the Esalen Institute. He became bored with academia and his first marriage was failing. In 1969, Puthoff left Stanford and joined [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI), a scientific think tank with close ties to Stanford and significant government contracts. Initially working on laser-related projects, he soon developed an interest in conducting psi experiments to explore quantum theory. He secured initial funding of ten thousand dollars from philanthropist Bill Church, co-owner of Church's Fried Chicken.[^1]
-
-Puthoff's involvement in psi research escalated after he was contacted by artist [[Ingo Swann]], who claimed various psychic feats. In June 1972, Puthoff tested Swann at Stanford University's Varian Hall, where Swann appeared to affect the output of a highly sensitive experimental magnetometer designed to detect quarks. This event, though initially met with skepticism by others, convinced Puthoff that something paranormal had occurred. He circulated a report on the incident, which led to the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) approaching him to fund further research. In October 1972, with CIA funding, Puthoff began formal psi research at SRI, focusing on clairvoyance. He and his newly hired assistant, [[Russell Targ]], worked with Swann on various experiments, including those involving locked boxes and radioactive sources. Swann's suggestion to use geographical coordinates for remote viewing, initially met with skepticism from Puthoff and Targ, proved to be a breakthrough. This method, which Swann called "Scanate" (later known as Coordinate Remote Viewing or CRV), allowed psychics to describe distant locations given only their latitude and longitude, without prior knowledge of the target. This innovation significantly advanced the practical application of remote viewing for intelligence gathering.[^1]
-
-Puthoff became a central figure in the U.S. government's psychic spying program, which eventually became known as [[STARGATE PROJECT|Grill Flame]]. He and Targ published their findings in reputable scientific journals like *Nature* and *Proceedings of the IEEE*, despite significant controversy and skepticism from the scientific community. They also developed new terminology, such as "remote viewing," to describe the phenomena they were studying, aiming for a more scientific and sober approach. Puthoff was known for his calm demeanor, which helped him navigate the controversial field of parapsychology. He also conducted experiments with other psychics, including [[Pat Price]] and [[Uri Geller]], and explored various psi phenomena such as psychokinesis and telepathy. He was instrumental in developing and refining remote viewing protocols, including "outbound remote viewing" and "coordinate remote viewing" (CRV).[^1]
-
-### Later Career and Advanced Aerospace Research
-
-Puthoff's government work extended far beyond remote viewing research. For over fifty years, he served as a chief scientist and senior scientific advisor on highly classified projects for various government entities, including the [[Department of Defense]] (DoD), the [[NSA]] (NSA), and the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA). His expertise eventually led him to serve as the chief scientist for the [[Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program]] (AATIP), where he played a crucial role in the scientific analysis of [[Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena]] (UAP).[^2]
-
-In his AATIP role, Puthoff was instrumental in commissioning 38 academic studies, known as the Defense Intelligence Research Documents (DIRDs), on advanced aerospace concepts such as invisibility cloaking, traversable wormholes, and warp drives. He was also responsible for briefing [[Luis Elizondo]] on the history of the U.S. government's involvement with UAP, including sensitive information about the [[Roswell Incident]] in 1947 and the recovery of nonhuman materials and bodies.[^2]
-
-### Unified Theory of UAP Observables
-
-Drawing on his decades of experience in both conventional and anomalous physics, Puthoff developed a comprehensive theoretical framework to explain UAP behavior. Based on the six key observables of UAP performance identified by AATIP—hypersonic velocity, instantaneous acceleration, low observability, transmedium travel, antigravity, and biological effects—he proposed a unifying theory that all of these characteristics could be the result of a single breakthrough technology: the ability to warp space-time in a localized "bubble" around a craft.[^2]
-
-This "warp bubble" would effectively insulate the craft from the normal laws of physics, allowing for seemingly impossible maneuvers and speeds without subjecting occupants to lethal g-forces. Puthoff theorized that the energy required for such a feat could be harnessed from the vacuum of space (zero-point energy) or potentially from the protons in hydrogen, which could explain why UAP are often observed near bodies of water—Earth's oceans representing a vast fuel source.[^2]
-
-He further postulated that the common shapes of UAP—saucers, cigars, and triangles—are a direct consequence of the physics of the warp bubble, as these geometric forms are the most efficient for containing a craft within the bubble's protective field. Additionally, he suggested that the unusual material recovered from the [[Roswell Incident]], consisting of layered composites of bismuth and magnesium, could be a key component of the craft's skin, designed to interact with the propulsion system to generate and maintain the warp bubble.[^2]
-
+location: "Chicago, Illinois"
 ---
 
-[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
-[^2]: Elizondo, Luis. *Imminent*. William Morrow, 2024.
+Harold E. "Hal" Puthoff (born June 20, 1936) is a physicist and engineer who co-founded the [[Stanford Research Institute]] remote viewing research program with [[Russell Targ]] in 1972 under [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] contract and served as its principal investigator through 1985. The program, which operated under the code names SCANATE, Gondola Wish, and [[STARGATE PROJECT|Grill Flame]] before consolidating as STAR GATE under [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]] oversight, represented the primary U.S. government institutional effort to investigate anomalous cognition for intelligence applications over two decades. Puthoff subsequently contributed technical research to the [[Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program|AATIP]] Pentagon program and became a founding member of To the Stars Academy of Arts and Science.
+
+### Early Career
+
+Puthoff was born in Chicago, Illinois, and raised in Dade County, Florida. He attended the University of Florida and completed a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University in the 1960s. Before joining Stanford Research Institute, he worked briefly for the [[National Security Agency]] in a signals intelligence-related research capacity in the late 1960s, an experience that gave him direct familiarity with government intelligence requirements and classification systems.
+
+He published a standard textbook in his field, *Fundamentals of Quantum Electronics* (1969, co-authored with R. L. Pantell), and held patents in tunable infrared laser technology. He joined SRI in 1969 as a researcher in laser physics and related applied science areas.
+
+### Scientology Background
+
+Puthoff was a practicing member of the [[Church of Scientology]] for several years in the late 1960s. [[Ingo Swann]] and [[Pat Price]], the two most prominent early subjects in the SRI program, were also current or former Scientologists. This overlap attracted attention within the CIA's counterintelligence staff, who questioned in internal assessments whether the church was exploiting the program for its own intelligence or reputational purposes, and whether claimed psychic results reflected Scientology training methods rather than independently verifiable phenomena. The Scientology connection among the program's leading figures was flagged repeatedly but did not result in the program's cancellation.
+
+### Initial Contact with CIA and SRI Experiments (1972)
+
+Puthoff's shift from laser physics toward parapsychology research grew from his interest in quantum mechanics and questions about the physical basis of consciousness and observation. In 1972, he was contacted by Ingo Swann, an artist and self-described psychic who proposed a formal laboratory test at SRI. Puthoff arranged for Swann to attempt to disturb the output of a heavily shielded proton precession magnetometer at Stanford University's Varian Hall, designed to detect quarks. The magnetometer output showed anomalous fluctuations that Puthoff could not account for through conventional means.
+
+On June 27, 1972, Puthoff wrote formally to [[Kit Green]] at the CIA's Life Sciences Division, proposing government-funded research at SRI to investigate whether anomalous cognition could be reproduced under controlled conditions. This letter, subsequently declassified and available in the CIA FOIA Reading Room (document CIA-RDP96-00791R000200030006-8), established the institutional relationship between SRI and the CIA that funded the program for more than a decade. The CIA designated the initial program SCANATE (Scan by Coordinate) and provided initial funding; formal experiments began under CIA contract by October 1972.
+
+Puthoff hired Targ as a research colleague, and together they developed the remote viewing experimental protocol: a subject remained at SRI while a second experimenter traveled to a randomly selected target site; the subject attempted to describe the target through verbal description and drawings; independent judges blindly matched transcripts to target sites.
+
+### Protocol Development and Pat Price
+
+Swann's suggestion to use geographic coordinates rather than outbound experimenters as the targeting mechanism - initially resisted by Puthoff and Targ as theoretically implausible - proved to generate consistent results and became the basis of Coordinate Remote Viewing (CRV), the structured methodology used throughout the government program.
+
+Pat Price, a retired Burbank police commissioner introduced to the program in 1973, produced what Puthoff considered the most operationally significant results of the SRI period. Price's remote viewing of the Soviet URDF-3 facility near [[Semipalatinsk]] - describing a large gantry crane, spherical metal objects estimated at 60 feet in diameter under construction, and a novel welding technique - was subsequently evaluated against classified satellite photography and assessed as substantially accurate. Price and Swann's subsequent remote viewing of the [[National Security Agency|NSA]] signals intelligence facility at Sugar Grove, West Virginia, triggered an NSA security investigation into whether remote viewing, if genuine, represented a vulnerability for classified installations.
+
+Price died of a reported heart attack in Las Vegas in July 1975, under circumstances Puthoff considered potentially suspicious. His suitcase of remote viewing notes and CIA materials disappeared before Puthoff arrived in Las Vegas. No evidence of foul play was established.
+
+### Published Research
+
+Puthoff and Targ published the SRI program's experimental results in two major peer-reviewed venues: "Information Transmission Under Conditions of Sensory Shielding" in *Nature* (October 1974, volume 251, pages 602-607), and "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research" in *Proceedings of the IEEE* (March 1976, volume 64, number 3, pages 329-354). Both papers presented statistical significance claims for anomalous information transfer under controlled conditions and triggered extensive methodological debate in both journals' correspondence sections.
+
+The *Nature* paper represented an unusual case of a mainstream scientific journal publishing parapsychology research; the editorial board attached a statement acknowledging the reviewers' uncertainty about publication. The IEEE paper presented data across multiple subjects and sessions, including [[Hella Hammid]], a German-American photographer included specifically to test whether anomalous results were limited to self-identified psychics.
+
+### Transition and Departure from SRI
+
+When the Army established its own remote viewing unit at [[Fort Meade]] in 1977 under the code names Gondola Wish and later Grill Flame, it contracted SRI for protocol guidance and training under Puthoff's supervision. Puthoff continued as SRI's principal investigator through this period, overseeing both the research program at SRI and consulting on the operational program at Fort Meade. In 1985, Puthoff departed SRI; the research contract subsequently moved to [[Science Applications International Corporation|SAIC]] under [[Edwin May]].
+
+After leaving SRI, Puthoff founded EarthTech International in Austin, Texas, a private research company focused on advanced physics including zero-point energy and vacuum fluctuation effects. His theoretical work at EarthTech centered on the physical frameworks he believed might explain anomalous cognition and other unconventional phenomena within accepted physical theory, particularly through quantum vacuum interactions.
+
+### AATIP and Later Work
+
+Puthoff contributed as a scientific consultant to the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), the Pentagon program that investigated Unidentified Aerial Phenomena from approximately 2007 to 2012 under [[Luis D. Elizondo III|Luis Elizondo]]. His contribution included commissioning and reviewing Defense Intelligence Reference Documents (DIRDs) - theoretical analyses of advanced aerospace concepts including warp drives, traversable wormholes, negative energy, and exotic propulsion systems. His EarthTech research in zero-point energy physics made him the natural contractor for the theoretical physics studies that formed part of AATIP's research portfolio.
+
+Puthoff became a founding member and scientific advisor to To the Stars Academy of Arts and Science (TTSA), the public benefit corporation established by Tom DeLonge in 2017, which published three declassified Navy videos of UAP encounters and became a public vehicle for intelligence community-adjacent UAP disclosure.
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017, pp. 28-90 (comprehensive account of Puthoff's SRI career). Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. "Information Transmission Under Conditions of Sensory Shielding." *Nature* 251 (October 1974): 602-607. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances." *Proceedings of the IEEE* 64, no. 3 (March 1976): 329-354.
+[^2]: CIA FOIA Reading Room, document CIA-RDP96-00791R000200030006-8 (Puthoff letter to Green, June 27, 1972). Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997.
+[^3]: Elizondo, Luis. *IMMINENT: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs.* William Morrow, 2024. Lacatski, James T., Colm A. Kelleher, and George Knapp. *Skinwalkers at the Pentagon: An Insider's Account of the Secret Government UAP Program.* RTMA, 2021.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ingo Swann.md

@@ -1,31 +1,62 @@
 ---
-category: "Key Figures"
+created: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: Ingo Swann
+aliases:
+  - Ingo Swann
+  - Ingo Douglas Swann
 tags:
   - Person
-  - Stargate
-  - Military
   - RemoteViewer
   - SRI
-summary: "Ingo Douglas Swann—born with just one N—was not far from the stereotypical image of the psychic."
+  - Stargate
+  - PSI
+  - CRV
+  - Scientology
+  - 1970s
+  - 1980s
+category: "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
+summary: "Ingo Swann was an American artist and psychic subject who coined the term 'remote viewing,' initiated the CIA-funded Stanford Research Institute program in 1972 through his contact with Hal Puthoff, and developed the Coordinate Remote Viewing protocol that became the operational standard for the U.S. government's STAR GATE program."
 born: 1933-09-14
 died: 2013-01-31
 location: "Telluride, Colorado"
 ---
 
-Ingo Douglas Swann—born with just one N—was not far from the stereotypical image of the psychic. Growing up in Telluride, Colorado, he claimed to have out-of-body experiences and premonitions, to see people's auras, and to encounter supernatural beings. He was left-handed, intuitive, artistic, emotionally sensitive, curious about the unusual, and bored by the usual. He was considered odd and had few friends at school, later describing himself as "doubly, triply, quadruply freaky."[^1]
+Ingo Douglas Swann (September 14, 1933 - January 31, 2013) was an American artist and psychic subject who coined the term "remote viewing," initiated the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]-funded [[Stanford Research Institute]] research program in 1972 through his contact with [[Hal Puthoff]], and developed the Coordinate Remote Viewing (CRV) protocol that became the standard methodology for the U.S. government's remote viewing program. His role in the program was primarily methodological - he was less operationally useful than [[Pat Price]] as a remote viewing subject but was responsible for the conceptual and procedural framework that made the program trainable and replicable across multiple subjects.
 
-After college, he joined the Army, serving in Korea and later at a Nike missile base outside Boston. After leaving the Army, Swann, then using the name "Douglas Swan," moved to Greenwich Village, New York City, to pursue a career as an artist. He worked for the UN for several years and wrote pulp fiction. By 1971, he had adopted his first name, Ingo, added a second 'n' to his surname on the advice of a numerologist, and discovered his unusual psychic talents. He began earning a living as a subject in parapsychology laboratories, including the City College of New York and the [[American Society for Psychical Research]].[^1]
+### Early Life and Career
 
-He contacted [[Hal Puthoff]] at [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI) in 1972, claiming to have the ability to remotely alter the temperature of objects and to have out-of-body experiences.[^1]
+Born September 14, 1933, in Telluride, Colorado, Swann claimed childhood experiences of anomalous perception including out-of-body states, premonitions, and unusual visual phenomena. He attended Westminster College in Salt Lake City and served in the Army from approximately 1952 to 1956, including a posting in Korea. After Army service, he moved to New York City and worked at the United Nations Secretariat as a clerical employee while pursuing an art career in Greenwich Village.
 
-Puthoff flew Swann out to SRI, where he was subjected to a number of experiments. One of the most notable was an attempt to affect a heavily shielded magnetometer at Stanford University. The magnetometer's output showed significant disturbances that correlated with Swann's efforts. However, his initial psi abilities at SRI seemed feeble, leading to depression and disagreements with Puthoff and [[Russell Targ]]. He disliked Targ's ESP teaching machine, viewing it as a remnant of old-time parapsychology.[^1]
+By the early 1970s, Swann was participating as a paid research subject in parapsychology laboratories at City College of New York and the [[American Society for Psychical Research]] in New York, where he worked under parapsychologist Karlis Osis on out-of-body experience research.
 
-Swann was a key figure in the development of the remote viewing protocols at SRI. He was the one who proposed using geographic coordinates to target remote viewing sessions, a technique that became known as "coordinate remote viewing" (CRV) or "Scanate." This breakthrough, which came to him as an intuition, allowed psychics to describe distant locations given only their latitude and longitude, without prior knowledge of the target. He also coined the term "remote viewing" itself. He was a creative and insightful theorist of the psychic experience, and he was constantly pushing the boundaries of what was thought possible, even attempting to remote-view Mars, Jupiter, and Mercury in advance of space probes.[^1]
+### Scientology Background
 
-Swann was a complex and sometimes difficult personality. He was known for his artistic temperament and his strong opinions. He clashed with [[Russell Targ]] over the use of an ESP teaching machine and often threatened to leave the program. He also had a rivalry with [[Pat Price]], another gifted psychic at SRI. Swann was a proud and sensitive man, and he was not afraid to speak his mind, even if it meant alienating his colleagues. He believed his ego was more fragile and his demeanor more pedantic compared to Price. He often left SRI for short periods to pursue other projects or to signal his annoyance.[^1]
+Swann was a practicing member of the [[Church of Scientology]] from the mid-1960s through at least the early 1970s, reaching advanced levels in Scientology's training hierarchy. He subsequently maintained that his Scientology background was irrelevant to his remote viewing abilities, which he characterized as natural sensory phenomena rather than church-specific training. The CIA's internal program assessments flagged the Scientology affiliations of Swann, Price, and Puthoff as a counterintelligence concern, and the church's possible exploitation of the program was considered in internal reviews.
 
-Despite the personality conflicts, Swann's contributions to the remote viewing program were undeniable. He was a gifted psychic who was able to produce remarkable results in controlled experiments. He was also a creative thinker who helped to shape the development of remote viewing into a practical intelligence-gathering tool. He was a true pioneer in the field of psychic research, and his work helped to lay the foundation for all that would follow. His contract at SRI ended in mid-August 1973, and he vowed never to return, feeling that he had been overshadowed by Pat Price despite his significant contributions.[^1]
+### SRI Magnetometer Experiment and CIA Contact (1972)
 
----
+Swann contacted Puthoff at SRI in 1972, proposing a formal laboratory test of his claimed abilities. Puthoff arranged for Swann to attempt to disturb the output of a heavily shielded proton precession magnetometer at Stanford University's Varian Hall, designed by physicist Arthur Hebard to detect quarks. The magnetometer's output showed anomalous fluctuations during Swann's efforts that the experimenters could not account for through conventional means. Puthoff circulated a report on the experiment, which directly prompted the CIA's interest in funding formal research.
 
-[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
+Swann participated in the initial [[SCANATE]] experiments under CIA contract from late 1972, but his results were less consistent than Price's, who joined the program in 1973 and rapidly became its primary subject. Swann's relationship with Targ was persistently contentious; Targ's ESP teaching machine, which Swann considered a relic of early parapsychology, was a recurring source of conflict. His initial SRI contract ended in mid-1973, and he left SRI dissatisfied with the extent to which Price had eclipsed his role.
+
+### Development of Coordinate Remote Viewing
+
+Swann's most significant contribution to the program was the coordinate targeting method that became CRV. He proposed using geographic coordinates - latitude and longitude - as the only targeting information provided to a viewer, hypothesizing that coordinates served as an access key to the location rather than as descriptive information about it. Puthoff and Targ initially resisted this as theoretically implausible, but experiments using coordinates as the sole targeting information produced results the team assessed as anomalous, and the technique became the program's standard approach.
+
+After Price's death in 1975, Swann returned to SRI and worked with Puthoff to formalize CRV into a six-stage structured protocol. The protocol trained viewers to progress through stages from initial ideogram responses (reflexive markings produced in response to presented coordinates) through increasingly specific descriptive and analytical phases. The design was intended to minimize contamination from imagination and prior knowledge by structuring viewer responses before analytical interpretation was introduced. Swann believed remote viewing was a natural perceptual ability that could be developed through disciplined training.
+
+### Training the Army Program
+
+From 1984, Swann traveled to [[Fort Meade]] to train the Army's operational remote viewing unit - the military successor to the SRI research, operating under the code names Center Lane and Sun Streak - in the CRV protocol. He trained the initial Army cadre in the six-stage method, including viewers who became the operational core of the program in its final decade before declassification.
+
+### Writing and Later Career
+
+Swann published several books articulating his theoretical and experiential framework: *To Kiss Earth Goodbye* (1975), *Natural ESP: A Layman's Guide to Unlocking the Extra Sensory Power of Your Mind* (Bantam, 1987), *Everybody's Guide to Natural ESP* (Tarcher, 1991), and *Penetration: The Question of Extraterrestrial and Human Telepathy* (Ingo Swann Books, 1998). The last described alleged remote viewings of artificial structures on the Moon's surface and contact with what Swann interpreted as non-human intelligence monitoring the program; it was controversial among program participants and former government officials who considered it an embarrassment to the program's credibility.
+
+Swann maintained an active painting career throughout his life, exhibiting abstract works that incorporated imagery from his remote viewing sessions. He died January 31, 2013, in New York City.
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017, pp. 28-60, 83-97. Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, pp. 34-84.
+[^2]: Swann, Ingo. *Natural ESP: A Layman's Guide to Unlocking the Extra Sensory Power of Your Mind.* Bantam Books, 1987. Swann, Ingo. *Penetration: The Question of Extraterrestrial and Human Telepathy.* Ingo Swann Books, 1998. CIA CREST database documents on SCANATE program (CIA-RDP96-00789R002200100001-6 and related documents), released under FOIA.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jill Robinson.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Jill Robinson resided in the Birmingham, Michigan area of Oakland County, Michig
 Jill Robinson went missing on December 22, 1976, during a period of cold weather and snowfall in Oakland County, Michigan. Her body was discovered four days later on December 26, 1976, in a highway ditch, consistent with the pattern of roadside dumpsites used for other victims like [[Kristine Mihelich]] and [[Timothy King]]. She had been shot in the face with a shotgun at close range, marking her murder as distinct from the suffocation deaths of the other three victims, though all bodies were left in public view following abduction.[^1]
 
 ### Connections
-Jill Robinson's murder was linked to the [[Oakland County Child Killer]] case alongside victims [[Mark Stebbins]], abducted February 15, 1976, and found bound and suffocated; [[Kristine Mihelich]], abducted January 2, 1977, and found suffocated; and [[Timothy King]], abducted March 16, 1977, and found sexually assaulted and suffocated. Investigators noted superficial similarities across the cases, such as all victims wearing jackets—Jill in a red one matching [[Timothy King]]'s—and disappearances or discoveries occurring on snowy days. The task force explored connections to pedophile networks, including figures like [[Christopher Busch]] and [[Francis Shelden]], though Jill's case lacked signs of sexual assault unlike the boys' murders.[^1]
+Jill Robinson's murder was linked to the [[Oakland County Child Killer]] case alongside victims [[Mark Stebbins]], abducted February 15, 1976, and found bound and suffocated; [[Kristine Mihelich]], abducted January 2, 1977, and found suffocated; and [[Timothy King]], abducted March 16, 1977, and found sexually assaulted and suffocated. Investigators noted superficial similarities across the cases, such as all victims wearing jackets - Jill in a red one matching [[Timothy King]]'s - and disappearances or discoveries occurring on snowy days. The task force explored connections to pedophile networks, including figures like [[Christopher Busch]] and [[Francis Shelden]], though Jill's case lacked signs of sexual assault unlike the boys' murders.[^1]
 
 ### Footnotes
 [^1]: Dovey, S. (2023). Eye of the Chickenhawk. United States: Thehotstar.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Joan Quigley.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Joan Quigley was a San Francisco socialite and astrologer who advised President
 
 Regan stated that "Virtually every major move and decision the Reagans made during my time as White House chief of staff was cleared by a woman in San Francisco who drew up horoscopes to make certain that the planets were in favorable alignment for the enterprise." Quigley became the subject of considerable public interest following this revelation[^1].
 
-In her memoir, *What Does Joan Say?*, Quigley wrote, "Not since the days of the Roman emperors—and never in the history of the [[United States]] Presidency—has an astrologer played such a significant role in the nation’s affairs of State"[^1].
+In her memoir, *What Does Joan Say?*, Quigley wrote, "Not since the days of the Roman emperors - and never in the history of the [[United States]] Presidency - has an astrologer played such a significant role in the nation’s affairs of State"[^1].
 
 ### Publications
 *   *What Does Joan Say?* (1990)

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/John David Norman.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ The timing of Norman's August 1973 arrest coincided with confessions from [[Dean
 Norman's Chicago activities connected to [[John Wayne Gacy]], as Paske worked for Gacy's PDM Construction in September 1978. Analysis of Gacy's victim timeline showed 20 disappearances when Norman was free in [[Chicago]], versus 7 when imprisoned, suggesting operational ties. Gacy, before execution, named Norman and Paske as accomplices in snuff films involving his victims. Norman's network had international connections, mirrored by [[Francis Shelden]]'s Amsterdam operations and [[John Stamford]]'s [[Spartacus Network]].[^1]
 
 ### Legal History and Death
-Following the 1973 raid, [[Dallas Police Department]] Lieutenant Harold Hancock turned over over 30,000 client index cards to the State Department via the FBI. The State Department received them but destroyed them in September 1975, claiming irrelevance to passport fraud, preventing investigation into prominent clients, including two State Department employees—one assigned to the U.S. embassy in [[Mexico City]]. Norman was arrested in 1977 in [[Chicago]], as part of a child pornography investigation revealing an "interlocking web of vice."[^1]
+Following the 1973 raid, [[Dallas Police Department]] Lieutenant Harold Hancock turned over over 30,000 client index cards to the State Department via the FBI. The State Department received them but destroyed them in September 1975, claiming irrelevance to passport fraud, preventing investigation into prominent clients, including two State Department employees - one assigned to the U.S. embassy in [[Mexico City]]. Norman was arrested in 1977 in [[Chicago]], as part of a child pornography investigation revealing an "interlocking web of vice."[^1]
 
 After release, Norman continued crimes; by 1983, arrested in Pennsylvania for using boys in "Handy Andy" pornography, released on bail in 1985, then fled. In 1986, wanted in at least five states, he used jailhouse lawyer skills to reduce bail, posted $7,500, and skipped, apprehended in Illinois in July 1987. Norman died in 2011 after spending his later life in and out of prison and parole programs.[^1]
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/John Poindexter.md

@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
 ---
+created: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: John Poindexter
+aliases:
+  - John Poindexter
+  - John M. Poindexter
+  - John Marlan Poindexter
 category: "Intelligence & Government"
 tags:
   - Person
-  - Iran_Contra
+  - IranContra
   - NSC
   - Reagan
   - Navy
   - 1980s
-summary: "Vice Admiral John Poindexter served as Reagan's National Security Adviser (December 1985-November 1986), resigned over Iran-Contra, was convicted on five counts before reversal, and later directed DARPA's Total Information Awareness program (2002-2003) before that too collapsed in controversy."
+  - 1990s
+  - 2000s
+summary: "Vice Admiral John Poindexter served as Reagan's National Security Adviser from December 1985 to November 1986, authorized the Iran-Contra diversion without informing the president, was convicted on five counts before reversal on immunized-testimony grounds, and later directed DARPA's Total Information Awareness program until Congress terminated it in 2003."
 born: 1936-08-12
 location: "Washington, D.C."
 ---

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Jonathan Pollard.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Pollard offered his services to [[Israel]] in 1980 and 1981, but no serious Isra
 
 At the height of his activity, in 1984 and 1985, one of his main assignments was the gathering of American intelligence relevant to [[Israel]]'s nuclear targeting of the oil fields and Soviet military installations in southern [[Russia]]. This fact was hidden from [[Department of Justice]] investigators and prosecutors by Israeli officials. Pollard insisted in all of his Justice Department interrogations that his spying did not begin until July 1984, after a social meeting with Israeli Air Force Colonel [[Aviem Sella]], who was one of his handlers.[^2]
 
-Pollard also gave the Israelis American intelligence on Soviet air defenses, especially the feared SA-5 surface-to-air missile system. He eventually turned over a copy of the U.S. intelligence community's annual review of the Soviet strategic arms system, known as the 11–38, which is considered one of the most sensitive documents in the U.S. government. Pollard also provided [[Israel]] with the codes for American diplomatic communications, enabling [[Israel]]'s signals intelligence agency to intercept cables and backchannel messages. In all, according to federal prosecutors, Pollard provided [[Israel]] with eighteen hundred documents—an estimated 500,000 pages—before his arrest.[^2]
+Pollard also gave the Israelis American intelligence on Soviet air defenses, especially the feared SA-5 surface-to-air missile system. He eventually turned over a copy of the U.S. intelligence community's annual review of the Soviet strategic arms system, known as the 11–38, which is considered one of the most sensitive documents in the U.S. government. Pollard also provided [[Israel]] with the codes for American diplomatic communications, enabling [[Israel]]'s signals intelligence agency to intercept cables and backchannel messages. In all, according to federal prosecutors, Pollard provided [[Israel]] with eighteen hundred documents - an estimated 500,000 pages - before his arrest.[^2]
 
 ### Operational Methods and Wife's Involvement
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Joseph Russoniello.md

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ Russoniello maintained what was described as a "cozy relationship" with the [[Ce
 
 ### Significance
 
-The decision not to prosecute Meneses occurred during a politically volatile period. The [[Boland Amendment]] had just cut off all CIA funding for the Contras in October 1984. Any scandal linking Contra directors—including [[Adolfo Calero]], [[Enrique Bermudez|Enrique Bermúdez]], Edgar Chamorro, and Frank Arana—to drug trafficking would likely have wiped out what little congressional support remained.[^1]
+The decision not to prosecute Meneses occurred during a politically volatile period. The [[Boland Amendment]] had just cut off all CIA funding for the Contras in October 1984. Any scandal linking Contra directors - including [[Adolfo Calero]], [[Enrique Bermudez|Enrique Bermúdez]], Edgar Chamorro, and Frank Arana - to drug trafficking would likely have wiped out what little congressional support remained.[^1]
 
 ### Response to Rosenfeld's Exposes
 
-When San Francisco Examiner reporter [[Seth Rosenfeld]] broke the [[Frogman Case|Frogman drug case]] story in spring 1986, exposing Contra drug connections, Russoniello mailed a four-page letter to the Examiner's editor calling the reporting "one of the most blatant attempts at contrived news-making we have witnessed in recent years." He insisted there was "absolutely no evidence of CIA involvement" and "no evidence to warrant the insinuation the defendants were connected to the Contras except. . .their own statements offered after the fact of arrest." Russoniello did not disclose that [[Carlos Cabezas]]—as a witness for his own office—had testified about selling dope for the Contras under oath in 1984, or that two high-ranking UDN-FARN officials had written letters to the court attesting to [[Julio Zavala|Zavala]]'s official Contra position.[^2]
+When San Francisco Examiner reporter [[Seth Rosenfeld]] broke the [[Frogman Case|Frogman drug case]] story in spring 1986, exposing Contra drug connections, Russoniello mailed a four-page letter to the Examiner's editor calling the reporting "one of the most blatant attempts at contrived news-making we have witnessed in recent years." He insisted there was "absolutely no evidence of CIA involvement" and "no evidence to warrant the insinuation the defendants were connected to the Contras except. . .their own statements offered after the fact of arrest." Russoniello did not disclose that [[Carlos Cabezas]] - as a witness for his own office - had testified about selling dope for the Contras under oath in 1984, or that two high-ranking UDN-FARN officials had written letters to the court attesting to [[Julio Zavala|Zavala]]'s official Contra position.[^2]
 
 When Senator [[John Kerry]]'s investigators sought records on Meneses and the Frogman case, Russoniello stonewalled. Kerry Committee lawyer [[Jack Blum]] said Russoniello "was as rabid a right-wing true believer as ever came down the road and who was bound and determined to prevent anyone from learning anything about that case. He and the Justice Department flipped out to prevent us from getting access to people, records, finding anything out about it." Blum said Kerry and Russoniello got into "a screaming match" over the telephone.[^2]
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Mel Riley.md

@@ -1,12 +1,21 @@
 ---
-category: "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
+created: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: Mel Riley
+aliases:
+  - Mel Riley
+  - Melvin C. Riley
 tags:
   - Person
   - RemoteViewer
   - Military
   - Stargate
-summary: "U.S. Army staff sergeant and one of the original remote viewers in the Stargate Project, known for his artistic rendering of psychic impressions."
-born: 1946
+  - PSI
+  - 1970s
+  - 1980s
+category: "Military"
+summary: "Mel Riley was a U.S. Army staff sergeant and aerial photo-interpreter who was one of the original six STARGATE remote viewers recruited in 1977, known for his artistic rendering of psychic impressions and for being part of the three-viewer core that became the Grill Flame program."
+born: 1946-01-01
 died: 2020-04-25
 location: "Racine, Wisconsin"
 ---
@@ -29,6 +38,6 @@ During the Iran hostage crisis (1979-1981), Riley and other remote viewers were
 
 Riley, along with [[Joe McMoneagle]] and [[Ken Bell]], became one of the three full-time remote viewers when the unit was officially designated the Special Action Branch and the program was codenamed [[STARGATE PROJECT|Grill Flame]]. He left the unit in 1981 for a posting in Germany, with the understanding that he could return to the program in the future, as the unit was on "relatively firm ground" with an increasing budget and new recruits.[^1]
 
----
+### Footnotes
 
-[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997. Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Oliver North.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ North was alleged to have received drug profits from [[Monzer Al-Kassar]], a Syr
 
 ### Contra Resupply Operation
 
-North was the National Security Council official overseeing the Contra project. He wrote in his 1991 memoirs, *Under Fire*, about the death squad terror in [[El Salvador]], noting: "Under the guise of anti-Communism, the death squads terrorized the entire country — murdering nuns, teachers, labor organizers, political opponents and thousands of other civilians." North wrote that it was clear most of the death squad activity was the responsibility of the ultraright ARENA party and its leader, [[Roberto D'Aubuisson]].[^2]
+North was the National Security Council official overseeing the Contra project. He wrote in his 1991 memoirs, *Under Fire*, about the death squad terror in [[El Salvador]], noting: "Under the guise of anti-Communism, the death squads terrorized the entire country - murdering nuns, teachers, labor organizers, political opponents and thousands of other civilians." North wrote that it was clear most of the death squad activity was the responsibility of the ultraright ARENA party and its leader, [[Roberto D'Aubuisson]].[^2]
 
 North's courier in [[Central America]], [[Robert Owen]], reported to North in 1985 that a DC-6 owned by Mario Calero (brother of [[Adolfo Calero]]) "which is being used for runs out of [[New Orleans]] is probably being used for drug runs into U.S." Owen's phone number was found aboard a DC-4 seized by the [[DEA]] in March 1987 on a suspected drug run off [[Florida]]'s coast. Aboard the plane was marijuana residue and Moss's notes which, according to a CIA cable, contained "the names of two CIA officers and their telephone numbers."[^2]
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ When North began supplying arms for the Contras after Congress cut off funding t
 
 ### Drug Money Proposal
 
-At a top-level meeting with DEA officials in Washington in 1984, North shocked the room into silence by suggesting that $1.5 million in cocaine cash the DEA planned to seize from the [[Medellin Cartel|Medellín cartel]] should be turned over to the Contras. The DEA says it declined North's suggestion. Subsequently, a White House leak blew the DEA operation, and several DEA officials believed North was responsible — something he has denied.[^4]
+At a top-level meeting with DEA officials in Washington in 1984, North shocked the room into silence by suggesting that $1.5 million in cocaine cash the DEA planned to seize from the [[Medellin Cartel|Medellín cartel]] should be turned over to the Contras. The DEA says it declined North's suggestion. Subsequently, a White House leak blew the DEA operation, and several DEA officials believed North was responsible - something he has denied.[^4]
 
 With the assistance of CIA director [[William J. Casey]], North created an elaborate network of offshore bank accounts to conceal the source of money sustaining the Contras through the Congressional funding cutoff. North wrote that Casey didn't want the Contras' "unofficial funds" coming into U.S. banks because of fears that Treasury agents on the lookout for drug money would grow suspicious of the large sums of cash arriving in those accounts.[^4]
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ North "hijacked" the State Department's Nicaraguan Humanitarian Assistance Offic
 
 North wrote to [[Felix Rodriguez]] in September 1985 asking him to use his influence with Salvadoran Air Force commander [[Juan Rafael Bustillo]] to secure hangar space at [[Ilopango Airbase|Ilopango Air Force Base]] for Contra supply flights. CIA records show Hangar No. 4 at Ilopango was used by the Agency for covert Contra operations until it was turned over to the National Security Council and North's "Enterprise" in 1985. The adjoining Hangar No. 5 remained CIA-run.[^6]
 
-North's daily diaries contained several references to "Freddy Vaughn" — [[Federico Vaughn]], the alleged Sandinista aide shown by President [[Ronald Reagan]] loading drugs onto an aircraft — including a July 6, 1984, entry: "Freddy coming in late July." A 1988 House Judiciary Committee investigation produced evidence that the Seal sting was stage-managed by North and the CIA as a domestic disinformation operation. Four DEA officials testified they received pressure from North and the CIA to leak Vaughn's involvement with drugs to the press. On October 15, 1986, North noted in his diary: "46 boxes of transcripts of SF [[Frogman Case|Frogman]] case. Justice never provided."[^6]
+North's daily diaries contained several references to "Freddy Vaughn" - [[Federico Vaughn]], the alleged Sandinista aide shown by President [[Ronald Reagan]] loading drugs onto an aircraft - including a July 6, 1984, entry: "Freddy coming in late July." A 1988 House Judiciary Committee investigation produced evidence that the Seal sting was stage-managed by North and the CIA as a domestic disinformation operation. Four DEA officials testified they received pressure from North and the CIA to leak Vaughn's involvement with drugs to the press. On October 15, 1986, North noted in his diary: "46 boxes of transcripts of SF [[Frogman Case|Frogman]] case. Justice never provided."[^6]
 
 ### Dagoberto Nunez and H&M Corp
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Pat Price.md

@@ -1,29 +1,58 @@
 ---
-category: "Key Figures"
+created: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: Pat Price
+aliases:
+  - Pat Price
+  - Patrick Price
 tags:
   - Person
-  - Stargate
   - RemoteViewer
   - SRI
-summary: "Pat Price was a retired police commissioner from Burbank, California, who joined the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) remote viewing program in 1973."
+  - Stargate
+  - CIA
+  - PSI
+  - 1970s
+category: "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
+summary: "Pat Price was a retired Burbank, California law enforcement official who produced the most operationally significant results of the Stanford Research Institute remote viewing program, including a substantially confirmed viewing of the Soviet Semipalatinsk weapons facility, before dying of a disputed heart attack in Las Vegas in July 1975 while working directly for the CIA."
 born: 1918-12-08
 died: 1975-07-14
-location: "Salt Lake City, Utah"
----
-Pat Price was a retired police commissioner from Burbank, California, who joined the [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI) remote viewing program in 1973. He was a graying, semi-retired, somewhat grizzled-looking fellow in his fifties who lived at Lake Tahoe. He had a small building-contractor business and also raised Christmas trees to sell in the Bay Area. He met [[Hal Puthoff]] at a lecture and later while selling Christmas trees in Mountain View. Price considered himself a psychic, claiming to have developed important leads on difficult cases during his time as a police commissioner in Burbank, thanks to spontaneously received information. He would even sit in the police dispatcher's office, trying to get psychic impressions of criminals' hiding places.[^1]
-
-Price had a long history of psychic experiences, including using his abilities to help solve difficult cases when he was a police commissioner. He claimed to have psychic impressions about people and distant events almost every day. He also claimed the ancient shamanic power of being able to change the weather, creating or evaporating clouds at will, and believed he could make traffic lights change through psychokinesis. He also believed that his soul had once belonged to the American colonial orator Patrick Henry. He also believed that an alien civilization flew its silvery saucers into bases on the moon and Mars, and also here on Earth, under the oceans and beneath great mountains, including one under Mount Hayes in Alaska.[^1]
-
-Price was considered by many to be the most gifted psychic in the SRI program. He was extraordinarily accurate and consistent, and he was particularly good at picking up technical details of target sites. He was also able to pick up alphanumeric data, a feat that was considered nearly impossible by other remote viewers, who believed that attempting to recognize numbers or letters would short-circuit the psi process. Price, however, could often read numbers or words on pieces of paper or names on uniforms, even if not always perfectly.[^1]
-
-One of his most famous successes was the remote viewing of a secret Soviet military research facility at Semipalatinsk (URDF-3). He described a large gantry crane on rails, the construction of large metal spheres (estimated at 60 feet in diameter), and the use of a new "flux-welding" technique to assemble them. These details were later confirmed by satellite photography, making it a highly impressive demonstration of psychic spying. He also successfully remote-viewed a secret [[NSA|NSA]] facility in Sugar Grove, West Virginia, a U.S. Navy communications base with subterranean facilities. His detailed descriptions of the site, including its underground areas and the presence of NSA cryptographers, were so accurate that they sparked a hostile security investigation, as the information was highly classified.[^1]
-
-Price also demonstrated precognitive abilities. In one instance, he accurately described the Redwood City Marina and the boats there five minutes *before* Puthoff and Cox arrived at the location, suggesting he had perceived the future. In another case, he described a water-treatment plant with two large elevated water tanks at Rinconada Park in Palo Alto, which was later confirmed to have existed at that site in 1913, twenty-one and a half years before his viewing, indicating a perception across time. He also accurately predicted the ceasefire date of the Yom Kippur War and seemed to detect President Nixon's Oval Office tape recorder, which he described as a device that would make Nixon suffer.[^1]
-
-Price was a cheerful and emotionally resilient man who charmed almost everyone he met. He had a friendly rivalry with [[Ingo Swann]], the other star psychic at SRI. He was involved in the [[Patty Hearst]] kidnapping case in 1974, where he accurately perceived that the kidnapping was a political, terroristic act rather than for money, and identified three members of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) from mug shots, including William Wolfe, whose nickname was "Willie the Wolf." He also accurately described Wolfe's unusual dental surgery without anesthesia. Despite his efforts, he was unable to pinpoint Hearst's exact location, though he could vividly see her locked in a closet. He continued to work on the case, even after Hearst publicly aligned with the SLA, until the SLA members were cornered and killed in Los Angeles.[^1]
-
-In the autumn of 1974, Price left SRI to work for a coal company in Huntington, West Virginia, with the intention of using his psychic abilities to find rich veins of coal. He also began to work directly for the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]], becoming involved in operations such as attempting to confirm the location of a Chinese Embassy communications office in a foreign capital. He successfully passed three tests for the CIA, demonstrating his ability to accurately describe embassy layouts and even a mural on a ceiling, though his ability to perceive across time sometimes led him to describe past states of a location. Despite his accuracy, the "giggle factor" prevented the CIA from fully relying on his psychic insights for high-stakes operations.[^1]
-
+location: "Burbank, California"
 ---
 
-[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
+Pat Price (December 8, 1918 - July 14, 1975) was a retired law enforcement official from Burbank, California, who joined the [[Stanford Research Institute]] remote viewing program in 1973 and produced results that the program's principal investigators, [[Hal Puthoff]] and [[Russell Targ]], considered the most operationally significant of the SRI period. His remote viewing sessions targeting a classified Soviet research facility at [[Semipalatinsk]] and a classified [[National Security Agency|NSA]] signals intelligence installation at Sugar Grove, West Virginia, were assessed as substantially accurate against independent intelligence sources and contributed substantially to congressional and agency briefings used to justify continued program funding. He died in Las Vegas in July 1975 at age 56 of a reported heart attack, under circumstances that some program participants considered suspicious.
+
+### Background and Law Enforcement Career
+
+Price was born December 8, 1918, and spent his career in law enforcement in Burbank, California, where he eventually served as a police commissioner and reached the rank of undersheriff. During his law enforcement career, he claimed to use psychic impressions as an investigative tool, sitting in police dispatch offices attempting to perceive locations of criminals and using spontaneously received information to generate investigative leads. He retired from law enforcement and by the early 1970s was living near Lake Tahoe, operating a small building contractor business. He was a member of the [[Church of Scientology]], as were [[Ingo Swann]] and, for a period, Puthoff. The CIA's internal program assessments noted the Scientology affiliations of the program's principal figures.
+
+### SRI Experiments and Semipalatinsk (1973-1974)
+
+Price introduced himself to Puthoff after attending a lecture and began informal remote viewing sessions at SRI in 1973. His early results were sufficiently consistent that he rapidly became the program's primary subject. Unlike Swann, who had developed theoretical frameworks for understanding anomalous cognition, Price treated remote viewing tasks with what Puthoff described as the practical matter-of-factness of a detective.
+
+The most operationally significant of his SRI sessions targeted the Soviet research facility designated URDF-3 near Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan, assigned by CIA officer Peter Maris. Price described a large gantry crane structure on rails, construction of large spherical metal objects he estimated at approximately 60 feet in diameter, and a novel welding technique being applied to their assembly - a method he termed "flux-welding." The CIA subsequently evaluated these descriptions against classified satellite photography and assessed them as substantially accurate, including dimensional details of the structures that could not have been derived from available open-source information about the facility. The Semipalatinsk session became the program's most-cited operational result in subsequent briefings to congressional oversight and DIA sponsors.
+
+The second major session was a remote viewing of the NSA signals intelligence facility at Sugar Grove, West Virginia, conducted when CIA officer [[Bill O'Donnell]] inadvertently provided Price and Swann with the facility's geographic coordinates as a targeting exercise. Price's and Swann's descriptions included internal organizational details and reference to NSA cryptographers working at the site. The accuracy of the descriptions triggered an NSA security investigation into whether remote viewing, if genuine, represented a vulnerability for classified installations.
+
+Price also demonstrated precognitive results during SRI experiments: he described the Redwood City Marina and its boats five minutes before Puthoff and a colleague arrived at the target location, and he described a water-treatment facility with elevated water tanks at Rinconada Park that had existed at the site decades before his session.
+
+### CIA Direct Work (1974-1975)
+
+In the autumn of 1974, Price left SRI and began working directly for the CIA outside the SRI institutional framework, including a period attempting to identify coal deposits in Huntington, West Virginia, using psychic methods for a commercial client. He also undertook CIA-tasked remote viewing sessions to attempt to confirm locations of foreign intelligence facilities. He passed initial CIA verification tests, accurately describing embassy layouts and interior details that were confirmed against classified records.
+
+### Death and Disputed Circumstances
+
+Price died in Las Vegas, Nevada, on July 14, 1975, at age 56. The official cause of death was a heart attack. He had no known prior history of cardiac disease. Puthoff was contacted and traveled to Las Vegas to manage the program's interests in the aftermath. He found that Price's personal suitcase, which Price habitually carried and which contained his remote viewing notes and CIA-associated materials, had disappeared before Puthoff's arrival.
+
+Within the SRI program, Puthoff and other participants considered Price's death - a healthy 56-year-old with no cardiac history, working for the CIA, suitcase missing - as warranting further inquiry. Price's family disputed the cardiac diagnosis. The CIA conducted an internal review. No evidence of foul play was established and no formal investigation outside the CIA's internal inquiry was conducted. The circumstances have remained unresolved.
+
+Price's death substantially changed the program's operational character. As the most effective subject for intelligence-relevant remote viewing to that point, his loss redirected the program toward developing trained remote viewers from the Army's own personnel rather than relying on a small number of naturally gifted civilians. The structured Coordinate Remote Viewing protocol that Swann subsequently developed for Army training was in part a response to the program's inability to identify another subject with Price's consistency.
+
+### Assessment
+
+Within the government's remote viewing program, Price's Semipalatinsk session was the most frequently cited evidence for anomalous information transfer with intelligence value. Ray Hyman, who evaluated the program critically in the 1995 [[American Institutes for Research|AIR]] assessment, acknowledged the Semipalatinsk result as the program's strongest single case while arguing that alternative explanations - including access to open-source information about the facility that participants did not recall using - could not be definitively ruled out without complete documentation that had not been preserved.
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017, pp. 41-78 (comprehensive account of Price's SRI work and death). Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, pp. 85-150.
+[^2]: Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research." *Proceedings of the IEEE* 64, no. 3 (March 1976): 329-354 (presents SRI experimental results including Price sessions). CIA CREST database documents on SCANATE program, released under FOIA.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Renato Pena.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Peña also served as a propagandist for the FDN. "Meneses would bring [back] mil
 
 Peña was one of Meneses's cocaine dealers and admitted hauling millions in drug profits from [[San Francisco]] to Los Angeles for delivery to the Contras. He also told the [[Department of Justice|Justice Department]] that Meneses had a [[DEA]] agent on his payroll who warned him of the impending arrests of [[Julio Zavala]] and [[Carlos Cabezas]] weeks before the February 1983 raids.[^2]
 
-Peña told CIA investigators that Meneses introduced him to his nephew, Jairo Meneses, who was in charge of distributing the family's cocaine. "Pena says he made from six to eight trips from San Francisco to Los Angeles between 1982 and 1984 for Meneses' drug trafficking organization," the CIA Inspector General reported. "Each time, he says, he carried anywhere from $600,000 to $1,000,000 to Los Angeles and returned to San Francisco with six to eight kilograms of cocaine." A Colombian associate told Peña that a portion of the proceeds were going to the Contras. The excess money — $300,000 to $500,000 per trip beyond what the cocaine cost — was likely the Contras' cut.[^3]
+Peña told CIA investigators that Meneses introduced him to his nephew, Jairo Meneses, who was in charge of distributing the family's cocaine. "Pena says he made from six to eight trips from San Francisco to Los Angeles between 1982 and 1984 for Meneses' drug trafficking organization," the CIA Inspector General reported. "Each time, he says, he carried anywhere from $600,000 to $1,000,000 to Los Angeles and returned to San Francisco with six to eight kilograms of cocaine." A Colombian associate told Peña that a portion of the proceeds were going to the Contras. The excess money - $300,000 to $500,000 per trip beyond what the cocaine cost - was likely the Contras' cut.[^3]
 
 ### CIA Awareness
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Richard Nixon.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ During his presidency, [[Israel]] received warmer treatment and support compared
 
 In the secrecy of their offices, Nixon and Kissinger simultaneously issued a presidential order (National Security Decision Memorandum No. 6) undercutting their public statements. This document stated that there should be no efforts by the [[United States]] government to pressure other nations, particularly [[West Germany]], to ratify the NPT. The government's public posture was to reflect optimism that other countries would sign or ratify, while privately disassociating itself from any plan to bring pressure on these countries.[^2]
 
-This new policy led to the end of the [[Floyd L. Culler, Jr.|Floyd Culler]] inspections of [[Dimona]] in 1969. The Nixon administration made a judgment that would become American policy for the next two decades: [[Israel]] had gone nuclear, and there was nothing the [[United States]] could—or wanted to—do about it.[^2]
+This new policy led to the end of the [[Floyd L. Culler, Jr.|Floyd Culler]] inspections of [[Dimona]] in 1969. The Nixon administration made a judgment that would become American policy for the next two decades: [[Israel]] had gone nuclear, and there was nothing the [[United States]] could - or wanted to - do about it.[^2]
 
 ### Unusual Intelligence Incidents
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ricky Ross.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ In 1981, Ross discovered why Fisher could afford such a lifestyle on a teacher's
 
 ### First Drug Deals
 
-Their first deal was a disaster. Fisher gave them "a fifty-dollar piece" and "we got beat out of it," Ross said. They regrouped, stole a car from Bret Harte Junior High's parking lot, and sold the wheels for $250. They returned to Fisher and bought "what's called an 8-track of cocaine" — three grams, heavily cut, for $250. They cut it further and sold it for about $600. "An awful lot of money." Instead of spending the profits, they reinvested. "Sold it, made more money," Ross said. "I didn't really know the game. It was like we were just stumbling through, you know what I'm saying? Picking up as we go."[^3]
+Their first deal was a disaster. Fisher gave them "a fifty-dollar piece" and "we got beat out of it," Ross said. They regrouped, stole a car from Bret Harte Junior High's parking lot, and sold the wheels for $250. They returned to Fisher and bought "what's called an 8-track of cocaine" - three grams, heavily cut, for $250. They cut it further and sold it for about $600. "An awful lot of money." Instead of spending the profits, they reinvested. "Sold it, made more money," Ross said. "I didn't really know the game. It was like we were just stumbling through, you know what I'm saying? Picking up as we go."[^3]
 
 Ross sold while Newell provided protection. They kept earnings small to avoid police attention: "We never wanted to get over two or three hundred dollars." Acquaintances selling PCP ("Sherm" or "water") mocked them for choosing cocaine, which had a much smaller market. Ross preferred it: "Cocaine is like, mellow, and it was cool. So I didn't mind doing it." On March 19, 1982, Ross was arrested for grand theft auto after police found a Mercedes in his garage with mismatched parts. He hired Beverly Hills attorney [[Alan Fenster]], who got the charge dismissed.[^3]
 
@@ -54,35 +54,35 @@ Ross had no knowledge of Blandón's political connections. When [[Gary Webb]] in
 
 ### Empire at Its Zenith
 
-During 1984 and 1985, the Ross-Blandón cocaine trafficking empire reached its peak. Ross was selling cocaine so rapidly he stopped converting it to crack himself, instead passing Blandón's kilos directly to smaller crack manufacturers, increasingly members of various [[Crips]] sets from across Los Angeles. Blandón confirmed that Ross was buying 100 kilos per week: "It continued growing, growing, growing, until sometime he buy [from] me 100 a week." Blandón arranged with Colombian suppliers to give Ross cocaine on credit—the initial advance of 20 to 25 kilos was worth approximately $1 million wholesale.[^5]
+During 1984 and 1985, the Ross-Blandón cocaine trafficking empire reached its peak. Ross was selling cocaine so rapidly he stopped converting it to crack himself, instead passing Blandón's kilos directly to smaller crack manufacturers, increasingly members of various [[Crips]] sets from across Los Angeles. Blandón confirmed that Ross was buying 100 kilos per week: "It continued growing, growing, growing, until sometime he buy [from] me 100 a week." Blandón arranged with Colombian suppliers to give Ross cocaine on credit - the initial advance of 20 to 25 kilos was worth approximately $1 million wholesale.[^5]
 
 Ross estimated his average volume at approximately 150 kilos per week, enough to produce roughly 3,000,000 doses of crack every seven days. Blandón and the [[Torres Brothers]] were sometimes sharing approximately $5.7 million per week in cash from Ross. "Sometimes, we'd spend $4 million or $5 million a week with that guy, in our hell days," Ross said. Ross used a South Central apartment as a countinghouse, where drug money was brought, sorted, and wrapped using two or three counting machines running day and night. "Man, my fingers hurt!" Ross told Blandón. "We got to the point where it was like, 'Man, we don't want to count no more money.'"[^5]
 
 ### Diversification of Suppliers
 
-When Blandón became increasingly unreliable—drinking heavily and reluctant to leave his Rialto home—Ross turned to the Torres Brothers, Nicaraguan traffickers who had previously worked for Blandón. Ross used the competition to drive down prices from both suppliers, whipsawing each against the other. Blandón acknowledged that Ross "got the coke from me, from Torres. . .I got a piece of the apple." The rivalry between Blandón and the Torres brothers eventually turned bitter and dangerous.[^5]
+When Blandón became increasingly unreliable - drinking heavily and reluctant to leave his Rialto home - Ross turned to the Torres Brothers, Nicaraguan traffickers who had previously worked for Blandón. Ross used the competition to drive down prices from both suppliers, whipsawing each against the other. Blandón acknowledged that Ross "got the coke from me, from Torres. . .I got a piece of the apple." The rivalry between Blandón and the Torres brothers eventually turned bitter and dangerous.[^5]
 
-Ross had initially been reluctant to find other suppliers, recognizing how much of his success depended on Blandón: "If Danilo had disappeared, we wouldn't have been getting no ounces, no nothing. . .When we got started, if we wouldn't have had him, we wouldn't have been able to have found it nowhere else." Blandón's prices—$38,000 per kilo when others charged $45,000—and his steady supply made him difficult to replace. Blandón also provided Ross with advance warnings of police raids on his stash houses.[^5]
+Ross had initially been reluctant to find other suppliers, recognizing how much of his success depended on Blandón: "If Danilo had disappeared, we wouldn't have been getting no ounces, no nothing. . .When we got started, if we wouldn't have had him, we wouldn't have been able to have found it nowhere else." Blandón's prices - $38,000 per kilo when others charged $45,000 - and his steady supply made him difficult to replace. Blandón also provided Ross with advance warnings of police raids on his stash houses.[^5]
 
 ### Real Estate and Front Businesses
 
-Following Blandón's advice to invest drug profits, Ross purchased houses, apartment buildings, an auto parts store, and a hotel near the Harbor Freeway called the Freeway Motor Inn, which gave him his nickname "Freeway Rick." The motel served as a secure meeting place for dealers and couriers. The auto parts store—called the "Big Palace of Wheels"—was a well-stocked but curiously customer-free front corporation.[^5]
+Following Blandón's advice to invest drug profits, Ross purchased houses, apartment buildings, an auto parts store, and a hotel near the Harbor Freeway called the Freeway Motor Inn, which gave him his nickname "Freeway Rick." The motel served as a secure meeting place for dealers and couriers. The auto parts store - called the "Big Palace of Wheels" - was a well-stocked but curiously customer-free front corporation.[^5]
 
 ### Weapons Acquisition
 
-Beginning in 1984, Blandón supplied Ross and his associates with high-powered weapons through [[Ronald Lister]] and the [[Mundy Security Group]]. Ross's first gun was a .22 pistol with a silencer, given to him free by Blandón. "Everybody that worked with me—everybody—bought a gun from him." Ross bought a silver-plated Uzi submachine gun, and his partner Ollie Newell became one of Blandón's biggest arms customers, eventually possessing enough firepower to equip a platoon, including a tripod-mounted .50-caliber machine gun capable of downing small planes. Ross said his crew acquired more than a hundred guns from Blandón.[^5]
+Beginning in 1984, Blandón supplied Ross and his associates with high-powered weapons through [[Ronald Lister]] and the [[Mundy Security Group]]. Ross's first gun was a .22 pistol with a silencer, given to him free by Blandón. "Everybody that worked with me - everybody - bought a gun from him." Ross bought a silver-plated Uzi submachine gun, and his partner Ollie Newell became one of Blandón's biggest arms customers, eventually possessing enough firepower to equip a platoon, including a tripod-mounted .50-caliber machine gun capable of downing small planes. Ross said his crew acquired more than a hundred guns from Blandón.[^5]
 
 ### National Expansion
 
 As the South Central crack market became saturated, Ross's gang customers started traveling to other California cities and then nationwide, setting up new crack markets using their connections with Ross to supply them. This migration marked the start of an unprecedented cross-country expansion by the Crips and later the Bloods. The Los Angeles Times described Ross's operation as "a coast-to-coast conglomerate that sold more than 500,000 nuggets of the drug every day." One L.A. narcotics detective described it as "a cartel."[^5]
 
-Ross was selling to nearly every big crack dealer in Los Angeles without resorting to attention-getting violence. "The dollar was a powerful persuader," Ross discovered. "There was no limit to the average cocaine dealer's greed. You could buy your way into anything, or out of any disagreement." His distribution system used nondescript decoy cars and load cars, walkie-talkies, stash houses, cash houses, and safe houses—a system that took him two years to perfect.[^5]
+Ross was selling to nearly every big crack dealer in Los Angeles without resorting to attention-getting violence. "The dollar was a powerful persuader," Ross discovered. "There was no limit to the average cocaine dealer's greed. You could buy your way into anything, or out of any disagreement." His distribution system used nondescript decoy cars and load cars, walkie-talkies, stash houses, cash houses, and safe houses - a system that took him two years to perfect.[^5]
 
 ### Identified by Law Enforcement
 
-In August 1986, the flipped Torres brothers told detective [[Jerry Guzzetta]] during debriefings that two Black dealers controlled the entire South Central [[Los Angeles]] cocaine market. Guzzetta's "Project Sahara" report identified them as "Rick and Ollie"—[[Ricky Ross|Ross]] and Ollie Newell—generating "a conservative figure of approximately $10 million dollars a month." The brothers reported the two dealers had established a direct pipeline to the Colombian cartels. This intelligence was passed to the [[LASD Major Violators]] squad and Detective [[Thomas Gordon]], who realized the L.A. crack market was far more disciplined and well organized than anyone had dreamed. Ross confirmed that Blandón had an uncanny ability to accurately predict upcoming police raids but said he was never able to explain Blandón's clairvoyance.[^6]
+In August 1986, the flipped Torres brothers told detective [[Jerry Guzzetta]] during debriefings that two Black dealers controlled the entire South Central [[Los Angeles]] cocaine market. Guzzetta's "Project Sahara" report identified them as "Rick and Ollie" - [[Ricky Ross|Ross]] and Ollie Newell - generating "a conservative figure of approximately $10 million dollars a month." The brothers reported the two dealers had established a direct pipeline to the Colombian cartels. This intelligence was passed to the [[LASD Major Violators]] squad and Detective [[Thomas Gordon]], who realized the L.A. crack market was far more disciplined and well organized than anyone had dreamed. Ross confirmed that Blandón had an uncanny ability to accurately predict upcoming police raids but said he was never able to explain Blandón's clairvoyance.[^6]
 
-Jerry Guzzetta drove through South Central with the Torres brothers, who showed him Ross's operations: a vacant apartment complex used as a cocaine lab, a multistory distribution center near the Harbor Freeway, and the Freeway Motor Inn—which the brothers said Rick had built to his specifications for a million dollars, with his mother Annie working the front desk. Guzzetta realized they had led him to "the legendary Freeway Rick." Ross surmised the Torres brothers gave him up because he had reverted to buying exclusively from Blandón: "Danilo's price was so low, that the Torres brothers simply could not continue to compete." Majors I had been looking for Ross since April 1986, raiding his girlfriend's apartment on May 15 and rousted his cousins in late August—telling them to warn Rick to watch himself.[^7]
+Jerry Guzzetta drove through South Central with the Torres brothers, who showed him Ross's operations: a vacant apartment complex used as a cocaine lab, a multistory distribution center near the Harbor Freeway, and the Freeway Motor Inn - which the brothers said Rick had built to his specifications for a million dollars, with his mother Annie working the front desk. Guzzetta realized they had led him to "the legendary Freeway Rick." Ross surmised the Torres brothers gave him up because he had reverted to buying exclusively from Blandón: "Danilo's price was so low, that the Torres brothers simply could not continue to compete." Majors I had been looking for Ross since April 1986, raiding his girlfriend's apartment on May 15 and rousted his cousins in late August - telling them to warn Rick to watch himself.[^7]
 
 ### The Godfather of South Central
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Robbie Van Der Plancken.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Van Der Plancken maintained regular presence at the [[G-Force nightclub]] in [[A
 
 Following his arrest for the murder of Gerrit-Jan Ulrich, Van Der Plancken faced imprisonment in [[Italy]] while potentially possessing explosive information about broader criminal networks. His father made dramatic statements to the media, claiming: "If Robby spoke, the Dutroux case wouldn't be anything against it." This statement suggested that Van Der Plancken possessed knowledge that could significantly impact one of Europe's most notorious child abuse and murder cases, potentially implicating higher-level figures or revealing connections between seemingly disparate criminal operations. The father further alleged that "There is a snuff video in which a boy from Berlin dies. I saw it and recognized my son as the actor in it," suggesting Van Der Plancken's possible involvement in the production of extreme child abuse material.[^1]
 
-German authorities reported that "the alleged child molester Robby van der Plancken, who is imprisoned in Italy because he is said to have shot his partner Gerrit Jan Ulrich, can be seen in at least five Gero films." This connection to Gero-Video, a known producer of child pornography, further established Van Der Plancken's role in the commercial exploitation of children across multiple production and distribution networks. The international scope of these operations—spanning Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and Italy—demonstrated the challenges faced by law enforcement in investigating and prosecuting cross-border criminal enterprises that exploited jurisdictional boundaries and legal differences between countries.[^1]
+German authorities reported that "the alleged child molester Robby van der Plancken, who is imprisoned in Italy because he is said to have shot his partner Gerrit Jan Ulrich, can be seen in at least five Gero films." This connection to Gero-Video, a known producer of child pornography, further established Van Der Plancken's role in the commercial exploitation of children across multiple production and distribution networks. The international scope of these operations - spanning Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and Italy - demonstrated the challenges faced by law enforcement in investigating and prosecuting cross-border criminal enterprises that exploited jurisdictional boundaries and legal differences between countries.[^1]
 
 In February 2001, investigators tracked down a transvestite in [[Amsterdam]] named Robert Jan Warmerdam, who "claimed to have known not only Robbie Van Der Plancken, but also Marc Dutroux." [^1]
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Robert Nieves.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ As the top DEA official in Costa Rica, Nieves was Norwin Meneses's control agent
 
 ### Kelso Investigation
 
-In 1986, [[Joseph Kelso]], a [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and [[U.S. Customs]] informant, gathered testimony from six witnesses - current and former Costa Rican and American officials—willing to testify that DEA agents in Costa Rica were skimming cocaine from seizures, making counterfeit money, sanitizing intelligence reports, and protecting cocaine labs, including on Contra bases. Costa Rican narcotics official Warren Treece reported cocaine lab locations to [[Sandalio Gonzalez]] but said they were not investigated because of leaks from the DEA agent. When the investigation was exposed, Nieves had Kelso arrested and screamed: "You're a dead son-of-a-bitch. . .We're going to blow your fucking head off!" Costa Rican police confirmed the threats. Nieves told the Costa Rican newspaper La Nacion he was angry that Customs was investigating a DEA matter. Ambassador Lewis Tambs had Kelso deported.[^1]
+In 1986, [[Joseph Kelso]], a [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and [[U.S. Customs]] informant, gathered testimony from six witnesses - current and former Costa Rican and American officials - willing to testify that DEA agents in Costa Rica were skimming cocaine from seizures, making counterfeit money, sanitizing intelligence reports, and protecting cocaine labs, including on Contra bases. Costa Rican narcotics official Warren Treece reported cocaine lab locations to [[Sandalio Gonzalez]] but said they were not investigated because of leaks from the DEA agent. When the investigation was exposed, Nieves had Kelso arrested and screamed: "You're a dead son-of-a-bitch. . .We're going to blow your fucking head off!" Costa Rican police confirmed the threats. Nieves told the Costa Rican newspaper La Nacion he was angry that Customs was investigating a DEA matter. Ambassador Lewis Tambs had Kelso deported.[^1]
 
 Costa Rican attorney Gloria Navas, a former prosecutor and judge, concluded: "In my opinion, both Nieves and Sandy Gonzalez were connected with the CIA. There is no doubt. You aren't going to find hard evidence because these were covert operations. But I did my own investigations and you can't come to any other conclusion."[^1]
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Sam Giancana.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: Sam Giancana
+aliases:
+  - Sam Giancana
+  - Salvatore Giancana
+  - Momo Giancana
+  - Mooney Giancana
+created: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-05-17
+category: "Intelligence & Government"
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - OrganizedCrime
+  - ChicagoOutfit
+  - CIA
+  - ZRRIFLE
+  - JFKAssassination
+  - ColdWar
+  - 1950s
+  - 1960s
+  - 1970s
+born: 1908-06-15
+died: 1975-06-19
+location: "Chicago, Illinois"
+summary: "Sam Giancana was the boss of the Chicago Outfit from the mid-1950s until 1966 who was recruited by the CIA alongside Johnny Roselli and Santo Trafficante Jr. to assassinate Cuban President Fidel Castro under Operation ZR/RIFLE, was found shot dead in his Chicago home basement in June 1975, the week before he was scheduled to testify before the Church Committee."
+---
+
+Salvatore "Sam" Giancana (June 15, 1908 - June 19, 1975) was the boss of the [[Chicago Outfit]], the Chicago-based organized crime syndicate, from approximately 1957 until his exile to Mexico in 1966. Giancana was one of three Mafia figures recruited by the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] in 1960 to plan and execute the assassination of Cuban President [[Fidel Castro]] under the program later designated [[ZR/RIFLE]]. He was murdered in the basement of his Oak Park, Illinois home on June 19, 1975, one week before he was scheduled to testify before the [[Church Committee]] about his role in the CIA-Mafia assassination plots.[^1]
+
+### Chicago Outfit Leadership
+
+Giancana rose through the Chicago Outfit under boss Tony Accardo, taking effective operational control of the organization in the mid-1950s and serving as official boss from approximately 1957. Under his leadership, the Outfit operated gambling, loan-sharking, and labor racketeering enterprises across metropolitan Chicago and maintained influence through political connections, including the ward organizations of the Democratic Party's Cook County machine.
+
+His flamboyant lifestyle - a public relationship with singer Phyllis McGuire, frequent travel to Las Vegas and Caribbean resorts, and an ostentatious disregard for FBI surveillance - was unusual for an Outfit boss and created friction with the FBI's organized crime program. Giancana brought suit against the FBI in federal court over their intensive physical surveillance of his activities, winning a temporary court order restricting agents from following him onto golf courses - a legal victory that illustrated his unusual willingness to confront law enforcement directly rather than maintain the low profile other mob bosses preferred.[^1]
+
+### CIA Recruitment and Castro Plots
+
+The CIA's effort to recruit organized crime figures for the Castro assassination began in 1960 when the agency's Technical Services Division officer Robert Maheu, a former FBI agent working as a CIA contractor, approached [[Johnny Roselli]] in Las Vegas. Roselli's introduction brought in Giancana and [[Santo Trafficante Jr.]], the Tampa-based Mafia boss with pre-revolutionary Cuban gambling interests.
+
+The CIA's rationale for using organized crime was practical: the Mafia had existing personnel and connections in Cuba from their pre-Castro casino operations, and the deniability structure - using Maheu as intermediary between CIA officer [[William Harvey]] (who ran ZR/RIFLE) and the Mafia figures - created plausible distance from the agency. The plots were authorized at the highest levels: Director of Central Intelligence Allen Dulles was informed, and the program continued under [[Richard Helms]] as DCI.[^1][^2]
+
+The assassination methods discussed included poisoning, with the CIA supplying pills containing botulinum toxin that were passed to Roselli for delivery to Cuban nationals in contact with Castro's inner circle. Multiple attempts were reportedly made with various methods; none succeeded. The plots continued intermittently from 1960 through approximately 1963, covering the presidencies of both Eisenhower and Kennedy.[^2]
+
+### Relationship with the Kennedy Administration
+
+Giancana's CIA connection created significant complications for the administration of President [[John F. Kennedy]], whose father Joseph Kennedy had direct ties to the Chicago Outfit through his involvement in the liquor business and whose campaign had benefited from organized crime-connected voter mobilization in Illinois in 1960. Attorney General [[Robert Kennedy]] launched an aggressive campaign against organized crime that targeted the Outfit's leadership, with Giancana as a primary subject.
+
+When the CIA-Mafia plots became known within the government, they created a collision between the FBI's counterintelligence concerns (Giancana's handler Maheu had also recruited Giancana's girlfriend Phyllis McGuire's ex-lover Dan Rowan for bugging - discovered by Las Vegas law enforcement, creating a scandal the CIA concealed from the FBI), RFK's prosecution of Giancana, and the Kennedy administration's simultaneous pursuit of Castro assassination through multiple channels.[^1]
+
+### House Select Committee Finding
+
+The [[HSCA|House Select Committee on Assassinations]], investigating the Kennedy assassination in 1976-1979, concluded that Giancana and Roselli "may have been involved" in a conspiracy to assassinate Kennedy, based on their Mafia backgrounds, their CIA connections, and the circumstantial question of whether the CIA-Mafia plot infrastructure could have been redirected. The committee reached no definitive conclusion about such involvement and noted that both men were murdered before they could testify fully.[^2]
+
+### Death
+
+On June 19, 1975, Giancana was shot seven times in the basement kitchen of his home in Oak Park, Illinois. The first shot was fired upward through his chin while he was at the stove; additional shots were fired around his mouth, in a pattern that Mafia experts interpreted as a message about talking. He had returned from Mexico to the United States the previous year after his self-imposed exile and had met with intelligence contacts in the period before his death.
+
+The murder occurred one week before Giancana was scheduled to testify to the Church Committee about the CIA-Mafia assassination plots. No one was ever charged. [[Johnny Roselli]] was murdered the following year, in July 1976, shortly after testifying to the HSCA. The timing of both deaths attracted significant attention in the Church Committee investigation and subsequent assassination research.[^1][^2]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Church Committee (U.S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities). *Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders.* Senate Report 94-465, November 20, 1975. (The primary official account of CIA-Mafia plots and Giancana's role.)
+[^2]: House Select Committee on Assassinations. *Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations.* Government Printing Office, 1979. Blakey, G. Robert, and Richard N. Billings. *Fatal Hour: The Assassination of President Kennedy by Organized Crime.* Berkley, 1992.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Seth Rosenfeld.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ A month before the State Department issued a White Paper dismissing all Contra d
 
 ### Government Reaction
 
-[[Joseph Russoniello|U.S. Attorney Joseph Russoniello]] mailed a four-page letter to the Examiner's editor calling Rosenfeld's Frogman story "one of the most blatant attempts at contrived news-making we have witnessed in recent years" and suggesting it was a political stunt to harm the Contras' chances of getting aid from Congress. The State Department issued a White Paper portraying Cabezas and Zavala as liars and dismissing Rosenfeld's reporting as malarkey—while studiously avoiding any mention of Meneses. Though the Examiner's Meneses expose appeared just two days before the House was to vote on Reagan's $100 million Contra aid package, not a single major newspaper in the country touched the story.[^1]
+[[Joseph Russoniello|U.S. Attorney Joseph Russoniello]] mailed a four-page letter to the Examiner's editor calling Rosenfeld's Frogman story "one of the most blatant attempts at contrived news-making we have witnessed in recent years" and suggesting it was a political stunt to harm the Contras' chances of getting aid from Congress. The State Department issued a White Paper portraying Cabezas and Zavala as liars and dismissing Rosenfeld's reporting as malarkey - while studiously avoiding any mention of Meneses. Though the Examiner's Meneses expose appeared just two days before the House was to vote on Reagan's $100 million Contra aid package, not a single major newspaper in the country touched the story.[^1]
 
 ### Footnotes
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Shimshon Shtrang.md

@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 ---
+created: 2026-05-15
+updated: 2026-05-17
+title: Shimshon Shtrang
 aliases:
-- Shimshon Shtrang
+  - Shimshon Shtrang
   - Shipi Shtrang
   - Shipi
-category: "Key Figures"
+category: "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
 tags:
   - Person
-  - Stargate
-  - CIA
-  - RemoteViewer
+  - PSI
+  - UriGeller
   - SRI
-summary: "Shimshon 'Shipi' Shtrang is best known as the long-time friend and assistant of the Israeli psychic Uri Geller."
+  - CIA
+  - 1970s
+summary: "Shimshon 'Shipi' Shtrang is Uri Geller's long-time friend, assistant, and brother-in-law who accompanied Geller to Stanford Research Institute for CIA-funded testing in the early 1970s, where the CIA excluded him from experiments after magician James Randi raised questions about potential collusion."
 ---
 
-# Shimshon "Shipi" Shtrang
-
 Shimshon "Shipi" Shtrang is best known as the long-time friend and assistant of the [[Israel|Israeli]] psychic [[Uri Geller]]. Their association began when Shtrang was a thirteen-year-old boy at a government-run summer camp, where Geller, recovering from [[Six-Day War]] injuries, performed [[Telepathy|telepathy]] demonstrations[^1].
 
 Shtrang was mesmerized by Geller's abilities and asked if he had any other tricks. Geller insisted they were real and showed Shipi how he could bend a metal spoon by concentrating and saying, "Bend, bend, bend." This early exposure led to Geller's first paid appearance at Shipi's middle school, marking the beginning of Geller's public career[^1].

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ted Stevens.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ location: "Indianapolis, Indiana"
 
 As a long-serving and powerful senator, Stevens was a key member of the bipartisan trio that controlled congressional spending for "black budget" programs within the [[Pentagon]]. His support was crucial in securing the $22 million appropriation that established AAWSAP in 2007.[^1]
 
-Senator Stevens' interest in the [[Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena|UAP]] topic may have been influenced by his own experiences as a pilot. During World War II, he flew transport planes for the Army Air Corps over the Himalayas, a region known for strange aerial phenomena. He openly admitted to having witnessed a "foo fighter"—the term used by Allied pilots to describe UAP—during one of his missions.[^1]
+Senator Stevens' interest in the [[Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena|UAP]] topic may have been influenced by his own experiences as a pilot. During World War II, he flew transport planes for the Army Air Corps over the Himalayas, a region known for strange aerial phenomena. He openly admitted to having witnessed a "foo fighter" - the term used by Allied pilots to describe UAP - during one of his missions.[^1]
 
 ### Footnotes
 [^1]: Elizondo, Luis. *Imminent*. William Morrow, 2024.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Wanda Palacios.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Kerry aide Jonathan Winer wrote in a memorandum that "Weld read about a half a p
 
 When her allegations leaked to the press, Palacios was publicly dismissed as a crank by top Justice Department officials, who said polygraph tests were "inconclusive." Southern Air Transport called her "a lunatic" and sued or threatened suit against news organizations that aired her allegations.[^1]
 
-Her story was buttressed by subsequent events. When the [[Sandinistas]] shot down a Southern Air Transport C-123K over [[Nicaragua]] in early October 1986, the dead pilot's flight logs revealed several Southern Air Transport flights to Barranquilla during October 1985—exactly as Palacios had claimed. She was able to identify the pilot's picture in a lineup. Southern Air Transport said in a statement that the planes were carrying drilling equipment, not drugs.[^1]
+Her story was buttressed by subsequent events. When the [[Sandinistas]] shot down a Southern Air Transport C-123K over [[Nicaragua]] in early October 1986, the dead pilot's flight logs revealed several Southern Air Transport flights to Barranquilla during October 1985 - exactly as Palacios had claimed. She was able to identify the pilot's picture in a lineup. Southern Air Transport said in a statement that the planes were carrying drilling equipment, not drugs.[^1]
 
 ### Footnotes
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Wolfgang Pauli.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Wolfgang Pauli (1900–1958) was an Austrian-American theoretical physicist and
 
 The Pauli effect was coined after numerous instances were noted where Pauli was present and technical equipment malfunctioned, fell, broke, or sustained unusual damage. For example, in February 1950, during a visit to Princeton University, the cyclotron Pauli had come to observe inexplicably caught fire[^1].
 
-Pauli, along with psychiatrist [[Carl Jung]], had a lively conversation about [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] and [[Psychokinesis|PK]], discussing a paper by physicist Robert A. McConnell titled "ESP—Fact or Fancy?" Jung remarked on how some age-old mysteries never change, and that attempts to explain away seemingly miraculous results often fail against the facts[^1].
+Pauli, along with psychiatrist [[Carl Jung]], had a lively conversation about [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] and [[Psychokinesis|PK]], discussing a paper by physicist Robert A. McConnell titled "ESP - Fact or Fancy?" Jung remarked on how some age-old mysteries never change, and that attempts to explain away seemingly miraculous results often fail against the facts[^1].
 
 Pauli wrote an article on the subject titled "Background Physics," in which he discussed the relationships between physics, the conscious, and the unconscious[^1]. His association with Jung and his interest in the unconscious aspects of reality highlight a unique intersection of physics and parapsychology.