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---
category: "Finance & Business"
tags:
- Person
- Finance
- VentureCapital
- UAP
- SkyWatcher
- EpsteinFiles
alias:
- Alex Klokus
- Alexander Klokus
- Alexander Lockwood Klokus
- Klokus, Alex
- Klokus, Alexander
summary: "Venture investor and former chief executive of Futurism, managing member with Alexander Scaramucci of the SALT Fund adviser, and authorized member of ENNEA LLC, the owner of the SKYWATCHER trademark application."
location: "Miami, Florida"
relations:
- type: employed_by
with: "[[Futurism, LLC]]"
role: "chief executive officer; signed the company's Form D as CEO on December 19, 2016"
start: 2016
fn: 1
- type: director_of
with: "[[Futurism, LLC]]"
role: "listed as executive officer and director on the Form D"
start: 2016-12-19
fn: 1
- type: employed_by
with: "[[Theo Rewards, Inc.]]"
role: "co-chief executive officer and chief financial officer on the Form D signed January 31, 2020"
start: 2020-01-31
fn: 8
- type: member_of
with: "[[SALT Fund Management LLC]]"
role: "managing member, acquired September 2021, ownership code D, control person, per Form ADV executed March 30, 2026"
start: 2021-09
fn: 2
- type: member_of
with: "[[SALT Fund I, L.P.]]"
role: "executive officer and managing member of the general partner on the Form D of March 16, 2021"
start: 2021-03-16
fn: 12
- type: member_of
with: "[[Kyber Capital Crypto Fund I LP]]"
role: "signed the Form D of August 23, 2022 as managing member of the general partner"
start: 2022-08-23
fn: 13
- type: director_of
with: "[[Radial Health, Inc.]]"
role: "director on the Form D filed April 30, 2024"
start: 2024-04-30
fn: 9
- type: member_of
with: "[[ENNEA LLC]]"
role: "sole listed member and authorized person on the Florida registration of June 16, 2025; signed the November 2025 co-existence agreement as authorized representative"
start: 2025-06-16
fn: 3
created: 2026-10-03
updated: 2026-10-03
---
Alex Klokus (filed as Alexander Klokus and, on one Form D, Alexander Lockwood Klokus) is named in securities filings as an officer or director of [[Futurism, LLC]], [[Theo Rewards, Inc.]], [[Tomorrow Farms Inc.]], [[Shuttle Labs LLC]], [[Radial Health, Inc.]] and [[Microcapital, Inc.]], and as a managing member of the general partners of [[SALT Fund I, L.P.]] and [[Kyber Capital Crypto Fund I LP]] and of their adviser, [[SALT Fund Management LLC]]. Florida records list him as the member and authorized signer of [[ENNEA LLC]], the Delaware company that owns the SKYWATCHER trademark application associated with [[Sky Watcher]], the group announced by [[Jake Barber]].[^1][^2][^3]
### Futurism
The Form D of Futurism, LLC ([[Brooklyn]], [[New York City|New York]]; Delaware file number 5743300) was signed by "Alexander Klokus," title chief executive officer, on December 19, 2016. It lists Klokus and [[Dan Sutera]] as executive officers and directors and "Johnson Bryan" and [[Michael G. Clark]] as directors (first name "Johnson," last name "Bryan," as entered on the form; the filing gives no middle name or other identifier). It reports a total offering and amount sold of 6,000,652 dollars, one investor, first sale November 22, 2016, and exemption Rule 506(b). It is the only filing under the company's [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] number.[^1] The 15 calendar days after a first sale allowed by 17 CFR 230.503(a)(1) for filing a Form D ran to December 7, 2016; the form was filed 27 days after the first sale.[^1][^4]
An archived copy of futurism.com/about dated June 16, 2017 lists Klokus as chief executive officer, with Dan Sutera as president, and lists [[Peter Diamandis]] of the [[XPRIZE Foundation]] among its "Experts."[^5] A press release of July 26, 2021 by [[Recurrent Ventures]] is titled "Recurrent Ventures Acquires Futurism from [[Singularity University]]" and does not name Klokus in the text read.[^6] The speaker biography for Klokus on the [[SALT Conference]] website states that he "built and sold both the media company Futurism and the sleep and wellness business Gravity."[^7]
### Theo Rewards and portfolio companies
The Form D of Theo Rewards, Inc. (New York; filed February 3, 2020, signed by Klokus January 31, 2020) lists "Alexander Lockwood Klokus" as executive officer, director, co-chief executive officer and chief financial officer, and [[Ankur Jain]] as co-chief executive officer and secretary; 300,000 dollars offered and sold, one investor, first sale January 23, 2020.[^8]
Further Form D filings list Klokus with "Scaramucci Alexander" or "Alexander Scaramucci" ([[Alexander Scaramucci]]) as officers or directors. Tomorrow Farms Inc. (New York; filed May 24, 2022) names [[Ben Berman]] chief executive officer and signer, Scaramucci treasurer and Klokus secretary (8,500,000 dollars offered, 8,255,000 sold, 21 investors; the filing as Tomorrow Farms, PBC, of April 29, 2024, 11,849,995 offered, 4,765,635 sold, six investors). Shuttle Labs LLC (filed November 28, 2022) lists "AJ Scaramucci" and "Alex Klokus" as executive officers (25,000 dollars sold). Radial Health, Inc. (filed April 30, 2024; 8,499,990 dollars offered, 7,797,992 sold, 13 investors, first sale April 15, 2024) lists Klokus, Scaramucci and [[Elliot Cohen]] as directors and [[John Capecelatro]] as chief executive officer. Microcapital, Inc. (filed November 7, 2024; 1,535,000 dollars sold, four investors) lists Klokus and Scaramucci as directors.[^9][^10] [[Fortune]] reported on September 24, 2026 that "public filings list Alex Klokus as a third co-founder" of Radial Health.[^11]
### SALT Fund, Kyber and the adviser
The Form D of SALT Fund I, L.P. filed March 16, 2021 lists "Alexander Scaramucci" and "Alexander Klokus," both executive officers and managing members of the general partner, and was signed "Alexander Scaramucci." It reports 25,000,000 dollars offered and a first sale yet to occur; an amendment of July 6, 2021 reports a first sale on March 17, 2021, 40,000,000 dollars offered, 34,585,000 dollars sold and 91 investors.[^12] The Form D of Kyber Capital Crypto Fund I LP (signed August 23, 2022, filed August 24, 2022) was signed "Alexander Klokus, Managing Member of Kyber Capital Crypto GP I LLC"; it names SALT Fund Management, LLC as investment manager and reports a first sale yet to occur, an indefinite offering and nothing sold.[^13]
SALT Fund Management LLC (CRD 316587), an exempt reporting adviser since September 9, 2021, lists on Schedule A of the Form ADV executed March 30, 2026 "Scaramucci, Alexander, Joseph" (CRD 6960736) and "KLOKUS, ALEXANDER" (CRD 7432068), each "MANAGING MEMBER," each acquired 09/2021, each ownership code D ("50 percent but less than 75 percent"), each control person. The execution page is signed "ALEXANDER KLOKUS." The two codes are reported here as filed. The filing states private fund assets of 132,930,715 dollars.[^2] See SALT Fund Management LLC for the fund list and the related filings.
The speaker biography on the SALT conference website describes him as "Founder and Managing Partner at the SALT Fund" and "Founder & Managing Partner, Kyber Capital."[^7] The SEC investment adviser database returned no record for an individual under CRD 7432068 when queried on October 3, 2026.[^2]
### FTX records
The creditor matrix filed January 25, 2023 in the [[FTX]] Chapter 11 case (Bankr. D. Del. 22-11068, Doc 574, page 102 of 116) carries a row for creditor "THE SALT FUND" with contact lines "AJ SCARAMUCCI," "ALEX KLOKUS" and a third individual, and a second row "THE SALT FUND / AJ SCARAMUCCI." No amount or claim type appears on the page. The notice-parties service list served in June 2024 (Doc 18381, Exhibit B) lists "The Salt Fund" with email addresses at the thesaltfund.com domain for Scaramucci and Klokus. "SALT Fund Management, LLC" is a row under "Interested Parties" in the debtors' updated list (Doc 14607-1, May 10, 2024).[^14][^15][^16]
At the trial of [[Sam Bankman-Fried]], Government Exhibit 285 was described on October 17, 2023 as an updated calendar invitation from a thesaltfund.com address to an ftx.com address "among others," subject "Updated invitation: SALT fund," for September 17, 2021 at Bluestone Lane, 55 Hudson Yards; the testimony names no SALT principal.[^17]
### ENNEA LLC, SKYWATCHER and the Esalen gathering
The Florida foreign-LLC application for ENNEA LLC, faxed June 16, 2025 by the registered-agent firm, is signed "ALEX KLOKUS" as sole listed person with the title Member. The annual report filed April 17, 2026 is signed "ALEX KLOKUS, CEO," and the amended annual report of July 15, 2026 "ALEX KLOKUS, AUTHORIZED SIGNER."[^3] The co-existence agreement effective November 19, 2025 between ENNEA LLC and Waterkress Creative LLC carries the typed signature "Alex Klokus," title "ENNEA LLC Authorized Representative"; its Adobe Acrobat Sign audit trail records the document emailed to an ennea.io address on November 25, 2025 and signed at 12:17:02 PM GMT.[^18] See ENNEA LLC for the Delaware, USPTO and website records.
The USPTO applications for SKYWATCHER (serial 98864113, filed November 20, 2024), ENNEA (98873547, filed November 26, 2024) and PSIONIC (99091501, filed March 19, 2025) name ENNEA LLC as owner and were signed by the attorney of record, [[Robert Drolet]]; none carries an owner-signed declaration, and the owner telephone on them is the number printed on the 2016 Form D of Futurism, LLC and on the 2026 Form ADV of SALT Fund Management LLC.[^19] [[Skywatcher Technologies Corporation]] was incorporated in Delaware (file number 10021279) on November 27, 2024.[^20] [[Jason Colavito]] wrote on January 19, 2025, reporting [[Steven Greenstreet]], that Barber's website "is owned by Alex Klokus, the co-founder of the SALT conference"; [[NewsNation]]'s [[Ross Coulthart]] gave the founders as "Jake Barber, James Fowler and financier Alex Klokus."[^21] The registration record for skywatcher.ai names "Skywatcher Technologies," not Klokus, as registrant.[^22] No Form D by an issuer named Skywatcher or Ennea was found in EDGAR full-text searches on October 3, 2026.[^23]
The website ennea.io, registered January 5, 2024, announced "The Explorer's Club by Ennea. Inaugural gathering at the [[Esalen Institute]] October 14th-18th, 2024," with no named organizer.[^24] The Anomaly Archives catalogue lists [[Karl Nell]] and Klokus in a SALT iConnections session titled "Zero Doubt" Non-Human Intelligence on Earth on May 21, 2024.[^25]
### Jeffrey Epstein records
On May 23, 2017 [[Masha Drokova]] wrote to [[Jeffrey Epstein]]: "You've mentioned that you need a media who's be able to write about researches you're supporting. I know the most raising media in the intersection of science and futurism. Here's https://futurism.com/ ... 25M unique good quality audience per month ... Founder https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexklokus" (EFTA01047005).[^26] On September 11 and 12, 2017 Drokova told Epstein that a Futurism editor wanted an interview on "Trump's cuts on science and your philanthropy"; Epstein answered "yes happy to do in person." The schedules sent by [[Lesley Groff]] on September 18, 2017 list at 1:30 PM "Interview w/Futurism Editor, Alex Klokus. Masha to join the interview," and at 9:50 AM that day Drokova had written to Groff "His name is Alex Klokus." The entries are scheduled items; no document records that the interview took place or what was said.[^27]
On October 2, 2017 at 2:58 PM Drokova forwarded to Epstein a "Note from Alex (Futurism founder)": "I was sitting with Bryan Johnson today, who was telling me about everything he's working on at Kernel. Much of it closely aligned with our conversations we had with Jeffrey. I feel like they would mutually [benefit] from a conversation, if Jeffrey was interested!" Epstein replied at 19:35 UTC: "always interested."[^28] The same evening, at 8:39 PM, Klokus wrote to [[Bryan Johnson]] and Drokova:
"Hello to you both, You're both already briefed, so I'll keep this short. Bryan is building Kernel, and today I spoke with Masha about the potential value of him and Jeffrey chatting. Masha has spoken with Jeffrey, and will be working with his team to hopefully coordinate time to connect before Bryan leaves on Weds. @Masha: I'll let you take it from here."
It is signed "Alex Klokus, CEO, Futurism" and survives as a quoted message in a thread of October 3, 2017 (EFTA02227011, Data Set 11), in which Johnson answered "Thank you Alex! Promoting to bcc" and added two assistants to find a time.[^29] The message is addressed to Johnson and Drokova, not to Epstein. Groff's schedules for October 6, 2017 list a Zoom interview with Johnson set for 3:00 PM, moved at Epstein's request to 5:00 PM and then, by Groff's email of 8:52 PM UTC, to 5:15 PM; Drokova wrote at 5:14 PM, "I managed to free up earlier and join Jeffrey and Bryan too." No document records that the call occurred or what was said.[^30] Searches of the library for payments among Epstein and Futurism, Klokus, Johnson or Kernel returned none; the index is OCR text and a zero is not proof of absence.[^31]
### Radial Health and the 2026 Fortune report
Fortune reported on September 24, 2026 that AJ Scaramucci had come out of stealth with a 350 million dollar fund called "Programmable Reality," and that "public filings list Alex Klokus as a third co-founder" of Radial Health. The report does not mention Kyber, SALT Fund, Epstein or UAP.[^11]
### Footnotes
[^1]: SEC EDGAR, Form D, Futurism, LLC, CIK 0001692611, accession 0001692611-16-000001, filed December 19, 2016. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692611/000169261116000001/primary_doc.xml
[^2]: SEC, Form ADV annual amendment, SALT Fund Management LLC, CRD 316587, SEC file 802-122469, executed March 30, 2026, Item 2.B and Schedule A. https://reports.adviserinfo.sec.gov/reports/ADV/316587/PDF/316587.pdf ; IAPD individual search CRD 6960736. https://api.adviserinfo.sec.gov/search/individual/6960736
[^3]: Florida Division of Corporations, ENNEA LLC, document M25000008651 (foreign LLC application June 16, 2025; annual report April 17, 2026; amended annual report July 15, 2026), including the attached Delaware certificate of good standing dated June 13, 2025. https://search.sunbiz.org/Inquiry/CorporationSearch/ByDocumentNumber
[^4]: 17 CFR 230.503(a)(1) and (a)(3), eCFR, retrieved September 30, 2026. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-17/part-230/section-230.503
[^5]: Futurism, "About," Wayback Machine capture of June 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170616122143id_/https://futurism.com/about
[^6]: Recurrent Ventures, "Recurrent Ventures Acquires Futurism from Singularity University," July 26, 2021. https://recurrent.io/recurrent-ventures-acquires-futurism-from-singularity-university/
[^7]: SALT, speaker page "Alex Klokus," https://archive2.salt.org/speakers/alex-klokus (page dated August 18, 2021) and https://www.salt.org/speakers/alex-klokus
[^8]: SEC EDGAR, Form D, Theo Rewards, Inc., CIK 0001801852, accession 0001801852-20-000001. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1801852/000180185220000001/primary_doc.xml
[^9]: SEC EDGAR, Form D, Radial Health, Inc., CIK 0002021359, accession 0002021359-24-000001. https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0002021359&type=D
[^10]: SEC EDGAR, Form D filings: Tomorrow Farms Inc., CIK 0001930812, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1930812/000193081222000001/primary_doc.xml and accession 0000929638-24-001654; Shuttle Labs LLC, CIK 0001955431, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1955431/000195543122000002/primary_doc.xml ; Microcapital, Inc., CIK 0002044152, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2044152/000204415224000001/primary_doc.xml
[^11]: Nick Lichtenberg, "Exclusive: AJ Scaramucci comes out of stealth with a $350 million bet on 'Programmable Reality,'" Fortune, September 24, 2026, fetched October 3, 2026. https://fortune.com
[^12]: SEC EDGAR, Form D, SALT Fund I, L.P., CIK 0001850930, accession 0001850930-21-000001 (March 16, 2021) and 0001850930-21-000002 (D/A, July 6, 2021). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1850930/000185093021000001/primary_doc.xml
[^13]: SEC EDGAR, Form D, Kyber Capital Crypto Fund I LP, CIK 0001935894, accession 0001935894-22-000003; EDGAR submissions record checked October 3, 2026. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1935894/000193589422000003/primary_doc.xml
[^14]: In re FTX Trading Ltd., No. 22-11068 (Bankr. D. Del.), Doc 574, page 102 of 116. https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.deb.188450/gov.uscourts.deb.188450.574.0.pdf
[^15]: In re FTX Trading Ltd., Doc 14607-1, page 7 of 13 (May 10, 2024). https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.deb.188450/gov.uscourts.deb.188450.14607.1.pdf
[^16]: In re FTX Trading Ltd., Doc 18381, Kroll affidavit of service, Exhibit B, page 7 of 8, service of the order at Docket No. 17380 on June 13, 2024. https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.deb.188450/gov.uscourts.deb.188450.18381.0.pdf
[^17]: United States v. Bankman-Fried, No. 22-cr-673 (S.D.N.Y.), trial transcript of October 17, 2023, pp. 1654-1655, Government Exhibit 285. https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.590940/gov.uscourts.nysd.590940.368.0.pdf
[^18]: USPTO TSDR, ENNEA, serial 98873547, voluntary amendment PRA20251208060057, co-existence agreement and signature audit pages. https://tsdr.uspto.gov/documentviewer?caseId=sn98873547
[^19]: USPTO TSDR, SKYWATCHER serial 98864113 (https://tsdr.uspto.gov/statusview/sn98864113); ENNEA serial 98873547; PSIONIC serial 99091501.
[^20]: Delaware Division of Corporations, entity search, file 10021279, Skywatcher Technologies Corporation, incorporated November 27, 2024 (entity details page captured October 3, 2026).
[^21]: Jason Colavito, "In Brief: NewsNation Offers a New UFO 'Crash Retrieval' Story," January 19, 2025, https://www.jasoncolavito.com/blog/in-brief-newsnation-offers-a-new-ufo-crash-retrieval-story (reports Greenstreet at second hand; sole source for that passage); Ross Coulthart, NewsNation Reality Check column, about August 2026, https://www.newsnationnow.com/podcasts-newsnation/reality-check/trump-administration-covert-ufo-program/amp/
[^22]: RDAP record, skywatcher.ai, created December 6, 2024. https://rdap.identitydigital.services/rdap/domain/skywatcher.ai
[^23]: SEC EDGAR full-text search, Form D, "Skywatcher," "Skywatcher Technologies," "Ennea LLC," October 3, 2026. https://efts.sec.gov/LATEST/search-index?q=%22Skywatcher%22&forms=D
[^24]: ennea.io, Wayback Machine capture of November 4, 2024. http://web.archive.org/web/20241104003430id_/https://www.ennea.io/ ; RDAP record, ennea.io. https://rdap.identitydigital.services/rdap/domain/ennea.io
[^25]: Anomaly Archives catalogue of SALT iConnections New York 2024 sessions (session title "Zero Doubt" Non-Human Intelligence on Earth, May 21, 2024).
[^26]: DOJ Epstein Library, EFTA01047005 (Data Set 9), Masha Drokova to "Jeffrey E.," "Re: Intro," May 23, 2017, 22:25 UTC. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01047005.pdf
[^27]: DOJ Epstein Library, EFTA02629933 (Data Set 11), EFTA00457734 (Data Set 9), EFTA02223354 (Data Set 11), EFTA01017255 (Data Set 9) and EFTA02383710 (Data Set 11), September 11 to 18, 2017. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02223354.pdf
[^28]: DOJ Epstein Library, EFTA00999952 (Data Set 9), "Re: From Futurism," October 2, 2017, 19:35:22 UTC. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00999952.pdf
[^29]: DOJ Epstein Library, EFTA02227011 (Data Set 11), "Re: Connecting: Bryan Johnson / Masha Drokova," Tuesday October 3, 2017, 12:11:32 PM, quoting Johnson (October 3, 3:59 AM) and Klokus (October 2, 8:39 PM). https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02227011.pdf
[^30]: DOJ Epstein Library, EFTA00460043 and EFTA00460518 (Data Set 9), EFTA02226959 and EFTA02226363 (Data Set 11), October 5 and 6, 2017. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00460518.pdf
[^31]: DOJ Epstein Library search for "Klokus," "Futurism," "Kernel" and related terms, October 3, 2026 (OCR index; 34 documents name Klokus, all scheduling or the October 2017 chain). https://www.justice.gov/epstein

11
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Avi Loeb.md
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ relations:
fn: 2
- type: founded
with: "[[UAP Science Advisory Council]]"
role: "formed the council in June 2026; routes communication with the Office of the Director of National Intelligence"
role: "announced and chairs the council (June 2026); Loeb states that the White House, AARO, ODNI, the FBI and the Intelligence Community tasked him; no government record establishing it was located"
start: 2026-06
fn: 16
created: 2026-10-03
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ The [[EYOS Expeditions]] release credits a 2019 paper by Loeb and the Harvard un
### Government and advisory roles
Loeb told *[[The Harvard Crimson]]* in July 2026 that he had previously served on the [[President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology]] under [[Donald Trump]], that the director of the [[All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office]] visited his home after taking office, and that government officials had approached him several times over the previous five years. He announced the [[UAP Science Advisory Council]] in mid-June 2026 after a representative of the [[Office of the Director of National Intelligence]] visited him at home; he told the Crimson the [[White House]] gave him a "free hand" in choosing members, that the council has no budget, and that he did not inform Harvard's president [[Alan Garber]] before agreeing to serve. He was also quoted: "I'm supporting the prosperity of the United States and the science I'm pursuing, and I'm not doing it on behalf of a political agenda."[^16] [[Charles Alcock]], director of the Center for Astrophysics, was listed on the Galileo Project's Scientific Advisory Board.[^17] A draft paper dated March 7, 2023, "Physical Constraints on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena," listed [[Sean Kirkpatrick]] as director of the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office and Loeb as head of the Galileo Project.[^18]
Loeb told *[[The Harvard Crimson]]* in July 2026 that he had previously served on the [[President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology]] under [[Donald Trump]], that the director of the [[All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office]] visited his home after taking office, and that government officials had approached him several times over the previous five years. He announced the [[UAP Science Advisory Council]] in mid-June 2026 after a representative of the [[Office of the Director of National Intelligence]] visited him at home; he told the Crimson the [[White House]] gave him a "free hand" in choosing members, that the council has no budget, and that he did not inform Harvard's president [[Alan Garber]] before agreeing to serve. He was also quoted: "I'm supporting the prosperity of the United States and the science I'm pursuing, and I'm not doing it on behalf of a political agenda."[^16] The Sol Foundation described the council in a June 22, 2026 release as announced by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence "with the support of the FBI"; Loeb wrote on June 16, 2026 that "I was tasked by the White House, the Pentagon's All Domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), the FBI, and the Intelligence Community, to assemble" it. A search of the Federal Register on October 3, 2026 returned no document naming the council, and no ODNI, AARO or White House release establishing it was located.[^17] [[Charles Alcock]], director of the Center for Astrophysics, was listed on the Galileo Project's Scientific Advisory Board.[^18] A draft paper dated March 7, 2023, "Physical Constraints on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena," listed [[Sean Kirkpatrick]] as director of the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office and Loeb as head of the Galileo Project.[^19]
### Footnotes
@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ Loeb told *[[The Harvard Crimson]]* in July 2026 that he had previously served o
[^13]: EYOS Expeditions. "Extraterrestrial Evidence Found: Spheres From Outside Our Solar System Identified by the Interstellar Expedition." https://www.eyos-expeditions.com/?p=2240
[^14]: Loeb, Avi. "Diary of an Interstellar Voyage, Parts 28-30." *The Debrief,* June 2023. https://thedebrief.org/diary-of-an-interstellar-voyage-parts-28-30-june-25-26-2023/
[^15]: Baker, Nicholson. "How We Lost Our Minds About UFOs." *New York Magazine,* January 31, 2024. https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/leslie-kean-ufo-sightings-aliens.html
[^16]: Shah, Neil H., Theresa F. Bartelme and Risha Sinha. "Inside Avi Loeb's New UAP Council, Built From His Harvard Orbit." *The Harvard Crimson,* July 11, 2026. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2026/7/11/avi-loeb-uap-council/. The PCAST service is as stated by the Crimson, not checked against White House records.
[^17]: "Advisory Boards." The Galileo Project website, snapshot of December 25, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221225170229/https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/galileo/organization/advisory-boards
[^18]: Loeb, Abraham, and Sean M. Kirkpatrick. "Physical Constraints on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena," draft of March 7, 2023, as cited on the vault page for Sean Kirkpatrick; https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~loeb/LK1.pdf (draft read; its title block gives Loeb as "Head of the Galileo Project, Astronomy Department, Harvard University" and Kirkpatrick as "Director of All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office").
[^16]: Shah, Neil H., Theresa F. Bartelme and Risha Sinha. "Inside Avi Loeb's New UAP Council, Built From His Harvard Orbit." *The Harvard Crimson,* July 11, 2026. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2026/7/11/avi-loeb-uap-council/.
[^17]: Sol Foundation, release "Sol Foundation Co-Founders Named to UAP Science Advisory Council," June 22, 2026 (modified July 13, 2026), https://thesolfoundation.org/sol-foundation-co-founders-named-to-uap-science-advisory-council/ ; Avi Loeb, "More Details on the UAP Science Advisory Council," Medium (avi-loeb.medium.com), June 16, 2026, read in a Wayback Machine copy; Federal Register search for "UAP Science Advisory Council," https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/documents.json?conditions%5Bterm%5D=%22UAP+Science+Advisory+Council%22 (count 0 on October 3, 2026).
[^18]: "Advisory Boards." The Galileo Project website, snapshot of December 25, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221225170229/https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/galileo/organization/advisory-boards
[^19]: Loeb, Abraham, and Sean M. Kirkpatrick. "Physical Constraints on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena," draft of March 7, 2023, as cited on the vault page for Sean Kirkpatrick; https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~loeb/LK1.pdf (draft read; its title block gives Loeb as "Head of the Galileo Project, Astronomy Department, Harvard University" and Kirkpatrick as "Director of All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office").

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---
category: "Technologists"
tags:
- Person
- BryanJohnson
- Braintree
- Kernel
- Blueprint
- OSFund
- Longevity
- Neurotechnology
- Transhumanism
- DontDie
- NetworkState
- Epstein
- SiliconValley
alias:
- Bryan R. Johnson
- Bryan Johnson (entrepreneur)
- Johnson, Bryan
summary: "Founder of Braintree, the OS Fund and Kernel and of the Blueprint and Don't Die longevity projects, introduced by email to Jeffrey Epstein in October 2017 by Futurism chief Alex Klokus; a video call followed."
location: "Springville, Utah (raised); Los Angeles, California"
relations:
- type: founded
with: "[[Braintree]]"
start: 2007
role: "payments company, sold to PayPal in 2013"
fn: 1
- type: director_of
with: "[[Braintree]]"
start: 2011-07-12
role: "chief executive officer and director, Form D filed July 13, 2011"
fn: 4
- type: founded
with: "[[OS Fund]]"
start: 2014-10-20
role: "venture fund capitalized with 100 million dollars of personal capital"
fn: 7
- type: partner_of
with: "[[Jeff Klunzinger]]"
start: 2018-05-10
role: "members of the general partner of OS Fund II, L.P., Form D filed May 10, 2018"
fn: 8
- type: founded
with: "[[Kernel]]"
start: 2016
role: "neurotechnology company; Johnson told Crunchbase News in 2020 that he set out in 2016 to build it and had put in 54 million dollars"
fn: 11
- type: director_of
with: "[[Kernel]]"
start: 2020-06-26
role: "chief executive officer and director of KRNL, Inc. (formerly Haos LLC), Form D filed June 29, 2020; director on Form D filed December 1, 2023; stepped down from Kernel in 2023 and remains on its board, per the New York Times"
fn: 11
- type: founded
with: "[[Blueprint]]"
start: 2021
role: "longevity products company in Los Angeles; sole investor until an October 2025 round"
fn: 15
created: 2026-10-03
updated: 2026-10-03
---
Bryan Johnson is an American entrepreneur who founded the payments company [[Braintree]] in 2007, created the venture fund [[OS Fund]] in 2014, founded the neurotechnology company [[Kernel]] in 2016 and, from 2021, built the [[Blueprint]] longevity regimen and the [[Don't Die]] project. He grew up in [[Springville, Utah]], served as a missionary of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] in [[Ecuador]], and, according to the [[New York Times]], left the church after the 2013 sale of Braintree to [[PayPal]]. On October 2, 2017 [[Alex Klokus]], then chief executive of the website [[Futurism, LLC|Futurism]], introduced him by email to [[Jeffrey Epstein]] (through [[Masha Drokova]]), and a Zoom call between the two was scheduled for October 6, 2017.[^1][^2][^3]
### Utah, Ecuador and Chicago
A 2010 profile in the [[Chicago]] outlet [[Technori]] describes Johnson as the middle child of a large Mormon family in Springville, [[Utah]], whose parents divorced when he was young and who was raised by his mother and a stepfather who owned a trucking company. At nineteen he left for a two-year mission in Ecuador; he told the interviewer it was "incredibly rewarding, yet difficult" and that he "didn't know the language, I was sick with worms, slept with fleas." He attended [[Brigham Young University]], resold cellular telephones through a student sales network, and co-founded a voice-over-IP startup, [[Inquist]], with his brother and two others, which raised 500,000 dollars in angel money before failing after the [[September 11 attacks]] and the dot-com collapse. A 70 million dollar mixed-use real estate project with [[Fannie Mae]] as an institutional investor failed after cost overruns of 2 million dollars. During those years he sold credit card processing, earning by his own account about 15,000 dollars a month.[^1]
He moved to Chicago to enroll in the executive MBA program at the [[University of Chicago Booth School of Business]], citing the economist [[Gary Becker]] and Becker's book on the economics of life. He worked door-to-door for the card processor [[RBS Link]] and briefly in a strategy role at [[Sears]], which he called "the most unsatisfying thing I have ever done in my life." He left Sears to found Braintree, flew to Utah to ask his ten largest former customers whether they would switch to a processor of his own, and said six agreed, producing 6,200 dollars a month.[^1]
The New York Times reported in March 2025, when he was 47, that Johnson had "soon shed his Latter-day Saints roots" after the 2013 sale, had divorced his wife (the couple have three children), and, according to friends, former employees and court documents, had used drugs including [[LSD]], ibogaine and dimethyltryptamine; the Times described him as a former Latter-day Saint missionary.[^2]
### Braintree and Venmo
Braintree was incorporated in [[Delaware]] and based at 833 West Jackson Boulevard in Chicago. A Form D filed with the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] on July 13, 2011 (accession 0001524770-11-000001) lists Johnson as chief executive officer and director, [[Dan Manges]] as an executive officer, and [[Ryan Sweeney]] of [[Accel Partners]] as a director; it reports 34,200,097 dollars sold to six investors in an offering whose first sale was June 28, 2011. A second Form D followed on November 21, 2011.[^4]
On September 26, 2013, [[eBay]]'s PayPal unit announced the purchase of Braintree for about 800 million dollars in cash. [[TechCrunch]] reported that Braintree had raised 69 million dollars from Accel, [[New Enterprise Associates]], [[RRE Ventures]], [[Greycroft]] and others, that it had been asking about 1 billion dollars, and that it had bought the peer-to-peer payments application [[Venmo]] the previous year for 26.2 million dollars. Braintree's chief executive at the time of announcement was [[Bill Ready]].[^5] In an October 2024 interview Johnson said that Braintree had partnered with [[Coinbase]] in 2013 and that "had I not sold Braintree, I just would have been entirely all in on crypto."[^6]
### OS Fund and its Portfolio
On October 20, 2014, [[Fortune]] reported that Johnson had created a 100 million dollar fund, the OS Fund, for ventures he described as "crazy" (his stated aim was to take "a company from 'crazy' to 'viable'"), and had already placed 15 million dollars in seven startups. The portfolio then named was [[Planetary Resources]] (asteroid mining), [[Vicarious]] (machine learning modeled on the brain), [[Human Longevity, Inc.]] (a company seeking to extend human lifespan to 120 years) and [[Matternet]] (drone logistics). A relative who was an early employee at his companies was quoted in the article.[^7]
SEC filings show the fund's later structure. OS Fund II, L.P. (Delaware limited partnership, 250 South Northwest Highway, [[Park Ridge, Illinois]]) filed a Form D on May 10, 2018, signed by Johnson as a member of its general partner, OS Fund II GP, LLC, and amended it on July 10, 2019, October 2, 2019 and October 2, 2020 over signatures of [[Jeff Klunzinger]]. All four filings report total amount sold as zero. OS Fund Biome LLC filed a Form D on December 4, 2018 and an amendment on January 9, 2019 listing Klunzinger and Johnson as promoters (managing members of the managing member of the issuer); the amendment reports 3,450,000 dollars sold to nine investors.[^8]
Johnson also appears as a director on two Form D/A amendments filed by Planetary Resources, Inc. ([[Redmond, Washington]]), on May 26, 2016 and November 16, 2016, alongside the director [[Peter Diamandis]] (the filings name a director Johnson; they do not state that he is the Kernel founder, an identity assumed here from the Fortune report that the OS Fund invested in the company), [[Eric Anderson]], and, in the November filing, [[Georges Schmit]]. The May amendment reports 20,734,417 dollars sold of a 33,844,416 dollar offering to 28 investors; the November amendment reports 34,783,603 dollars sold of 49,445,177 dollars to 29 investors.[^9]
A mass mailing sent from Johnson's Kernel address in October 2018, "Impact Investing Just Doesn't Cut It," states that [[Synthego]] "was among OS Fund's first investments in 2015."[^10]
### Kernel
Johnson told Crunchbase News in July 2020, "In 2016, I set off to find a way to build technology that would allow us to do high-fidelity imaging of the brain," and the outlet reported that he had financed the company with 54 million dollars since its founding in 2016, before its first outside investment.[^11]
The entity that filed with the SEC is KRNL, Inc., a Delaware corporation formerly named Haos LLC, with a stated year of incorporation of 2017. Its Form D of June 29, 2020 (accession 0001104659-20-077936), signed by "Bryan R. Johnson, CEO," reports 52,959,990 dollars sold to eight investors, first sale June 26, 2020. The company is matched to KRNL, Inc. by the Culver City address, Johnson's signature as chief executive and the matching amount, not by name on the filing. The raise was announced on July 9, 2020 as a 53 million dollar Series C led by [[General Catalyst]] with participation from [[Khosla Ventures]], [[Eldridge Industries]], [[Manta Ray Ventures]], [[Tiny Blue Dot]] and Johnson himself; [[Quentin Clark]] of General Catalyst joined the board. [[Crunchbase News]] reported total funding of 107 million dollars and that its products, Flux (magnetic fields of collective neural activity) and Flow (cortical blood flow), fed a "Neuroscience-as-a-Service" platform.[^11]
A second Form D, filed December 1, 2023 (accession 0001104659-23-122797), lists [[Ryan Field]] as chief executive officer and directors [[Jason Johnson]], Bryan Johnson, [[Riaz Valani]], [[Alex Morgan]] and [[Leah von Siemens]] at 10361 Jefferson Boulevard, [[Culver City, California]]. It reports 5,246,256 dollars sold of a 25,000,000 dollar offering to nine investors, first sale November 21, 2023.[^11]
### Employment Agreements, Taryn Southern and the National Labor Relations Board
The New York Times reported in March 2025 that confidentiality agreements at Johnson's companies had grown from four and a half pages at Kernel to a twenty-page Blueprint employment agreement, and that [[Taryn Southern]], his former fiancee and a Kernel employee whom Johnson fired in February 2020, sued him in 2021, contending that he had breached a promise to pay her 150,000 dollars in exchange for rent and moving out of their home. The Times reported that Johnson moved the suit to arbitration, that in 2023 an arbitrator ruled she must adhere to her employment separation agreement, and that she was ordered to pay Johnson more than 584,000 dollars in legal fees on his countersuit; the Times also reported that Johnson has not paid the 150,000 dollars. At least three former employees, among them Southern and Johnson's former personal assistant [[Jamie Contento]], filed complaints with the [[National Labor Relations Board]] over the agreements, according to the Times, which saw copies of two of them. The employment lawyer [[Cliff Palefsky]] told the Times that Johnson was "counting on people being afraid."[^2]
The attorney [[Matt Bruenig]], who has written on the matter on his [[Substack]] NLRB Edge, stated on March 21, 2025 that Southern signed three employment agreements with arbitration clauses, that the arbitrator dismissed the case on the release clause in a separation agreement without reaching the merits of her claim, and that the fee award followed from a fee-shifting clause. Bruenig's account is an advocate's account and cites no NLRB docket numbers. Johnson has disputed the Times account in a post on X, writing that the agreements "have evolved, just like everything else I iterate & improve upon."[^2][^12]
### The 2017 Epstein Correspondence
On February 5, 2026, [[NBC News]] reported that the [[Department of Justice|Justice Department]]'s Epstein library contained a 2017 email exchange in which Futurism chief executive Alex Klokus introduced Johnson to Epstein by email, after which the two agreed to a video call. Johnson told NBC by email that "It wasn't part of my algorithm to run a background check on people introduced to me by acquaintances," and that during the call he "was left with a deep unsettling feeling and left the call feeling as though Epstein was the most dark and evil person I had ever encountered." In posts on X, as reported by [[UNILAD|UNILAD Tech]], he wrote that the call lasted about ten minutes, that a mutual contact put them in touch because of Epstein's supposed neuroscience work at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] and Johnson's work on Kernel, that he "felt sick to my stomach" and told Epstein he never wanted to speak to him again, and, of an offer to meet in person, that "It ended up being a call (first and last time I interacted w him)." Klokus did not respond to NBC's request for comment. The same NBC article named other technology figures with ties to Epstein, including [[Peter Thiel]], [[Elon Musk]], [[Bill Gates]] and [[Reid Hoffman]].[^3][^13]
The documents in the library date the chain as follows. On May 23, 2017 (EFTA01047005) Masha Drokova told Epstein that Futurism, which she described as media "in the intersection of science and futurism," was run by a founder whose LinkedIn page she linked (Klokus). On September 18, 2017 an in-person "Interview w/Futurism Editor, Alex Klokus" appears on Epstein's schedule at 1:30 p.m., prepared by his assistant [[Lesley Groff]] (EFTA02223354 and others). On October 2, 2017 (EFTA00999952) Drokova forwarded to Epstein a note from Klokus: "I was sitting with Bryan Johnson today, who was telling me about everything he's working on at Kernel ... Bryan is building a neural implant that is intended to enhance cognition." Epstein answered "always interested." At 8:39 p.m. that evening, Klokus wrote to Johnson and Drokova, in a message quoted in EFTA02227011: "Bryan is building Kernel, and today I spoke with Masha about the potential value of him and Jeffrey chatting." On October 3 Johnson wrote that he was "in town until Wednesday afternoon and have a really tight schedule but would like to meet up with Jeffery if possible" (EFTA02227025); Epstein wrote that he was "in florida until friday" (EFTA01000443), and a message signed "Lesley" asked whether a call could be coordinated instead (EFTA02225373). Groff and Kernel's executive assistant arranged a video call for Friday, October 6, 2017; Epstein told Groff to "move barry abd sarah to 4 can we do bryan at 5 instead" (EFTA00460518), Groff's schedule for the day listed "5:00pm ZOOM Interview w/Bryan Johnson and possibly Masha" (EFTA00460043), Epstein chose "zoom" over a regular call (EFTA02225564, invitation "Sync: Bryan/Jeffrey/Masha," host kernel-hi.zoom.us), and Groff asked Johnson to delay it to 5:15 p.m. because Epstein was running late (EFTA02226959). A message from Drokova quoted in EFTA02226363 reads: "I managed to free up earlier and join Jeffrey and Bryan too." No document read records that the call took place or what was said; the schedule moved it from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. and then to 5:15 p.m., and Drokova's 5:14 p.m. message says she had freed up time to join. The September 18, 2017 meeting with Klokus is likewise recorded only as a scheduled entry.[^3]
Later items in the same files: a July 20, 2018 message from a "Bryan Johnson" with the subject "Becoming a zero detective" (EFTA02294943, body not present in the release page read), and the October 26, 2018 mass mailing from a Kernel address addressed to Groff (EFTA00484119). No payment, investment, in-person meeting or later exchange between Epstein and Johnson, Kernel or OS Fund appears in the documents read.[^10][^3]
A Form D of Futurism, LLC ([[Brooklyn|Brooklyn, New York]]) filed on December 19, 2016, signed by Klokus as chief executive officer, lists as related persons Klokus and [[Dan Sutera]] (executive officers and directors) and two further directors, [[Michael G. Clark|Michael Clark]] and a person entered with first name "Johnson" and last name "Bryan"; it reports 6,000,652 dollars sold to one investor, first sale November 22, 2016. The filing gives no other identifying detail for that director.[^14]
In the same library, correspondence between Groff and Peter Diamandis, then chairman and chief executive of the [[XPRIZE Foundation|X Prize Foundation]] and a fellow Planetary Resources director named on the same Form D amendments as Johnson, dates from May 1, 2013 (EFTA00391312), when Groff wrote that Epstein wanted him to make contact "whenever you come to New York".[^3]
### Blueprint, the Plasma Exchange and the 2025 Reorganization
Johnson founded Blueprint in 2021 at his [[Los Angeles]] home to sell products tied to his personal regimen. The Times reported about 40 million dollars in revenue in its most recent year, about 40,000 customers, about 30 employees, a monthly shortfall against break-even of at least 1 million dollars, and 25 million dollars invested by Johnson as sole investor. It described a supplement study in which about 1,700 participants each paid more than 2,100 dollars and about 60 percent experienced at least one side effect, and a 49 dollar "longevity mix." In the same month, the Times wrote, he announced a new religion called "Don't Die."[^2]
In April 2023 Johnson, his teenage son and his father took part in what Fortune called "the world's first multigenerational plasma exchange" at [[Resurgence Wellness]], a [[Texas]] medical spa: the son's plasma went to Johnson, and Johnson's plasma to his father. Fortune put the regimen's cost at about 2 million dollars a year and noted that the [[Food and Drug Administration]] cautions against young-blood infusions, citing a lack of "compelling clinical evidence on its efficacy." Johnson had earlier received plasma from screened anonymous donors.[^15]
On October 29, 2025 a trade outlet reported that Blueprint had raised 60 million dollars from investors including [[Kim Kardashian]], [[Paris Hilton]], [[Saquon Barkley]], [[Cameron Winklevoss]] and [[Tyler Winklevoss]], [[Jay Shetty]], [[Naval Ravikant]] and [[Steve Aoki]], and that [[Gyre Renwick]], formerly president of [[Modern Health]], had become chief executive.[^16]
### Don't Die and the Network State
The Times reported that Johnson announced the "Don't Die" religion in March 2025.[^2] The journalist [[Gil Duran]] wrote in The Nerd Reich on March 28, 2025 that Johnson "regularly pals around with" [[Balaji Srinivasan]], had vowed to create a "Don't Die Network State," and had visited the [[Prospera]] charter city in [[Honduras]] for experimental longevity treatments (which Duran attributes to an earlier article of his own); Duran also reported attending Johnson's Don't Die Summit in [[San Francisco]] in September 2024.[^17] [[Cointelegraph]] Magazine, in an interview recorded at [[Token2049]] in [[Singapore]] and published on October 3, 2024, wrote that Johnson co-founded the [[Network School]] with Srinivasan, a three-month program in [[Malaysia]]'s [[Forest City]], and reported that [[Vitalik Buterin]] had appeared at the school with both men. Johnson said: "Bitcoin fundamentally rejects inflation, and I fundamentally reject aging." Srinivasan, per the article, drew the parallel on stage between Bitcoin resisting state erosion of wealth and Don't Die resisting state erosion of health.[^6]
### Political Statements
On November 6, 2024 Johnson wrote on X, in a post timestamped 17:43 UTC: "Congratulations @realDonaldTrump on becoming the 47th President of the U.S. I am with you and @RobertKennedyJr in making America the healthiest, most vibrant, and strongest nation in the world."[^18]
### Footnotes
[^1]: Technori Staff, "How Bryan Johnson Has Taken Braintree to Explosive Growth in Three Years," Technori, December 19, 2010, https://technori.com/2010/12/4506-how-bryan-johnson-has-taken-braintree-to-explosive-growth-in-three-years/sethkravitz/
[^2]: Kirsten Grind, "Bryan Johnson's efforts to not die include control via confidentiality agreements," New York Times, March 21, 2025 (https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/21/technology/bryan-johnson-blueprint-confidentiality-agreements.html), as republished by the Salt Lake Tribune, https://www.sltrib.com/news/2025/03/30/bryan-johnson-efforts-not-die ; the republished text was read, not the Times page.
[^3]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library (Epstein Files Transparency Act release): EFTA01047005, Data Set 9, Masha Drokova to "Jeffrey E.," May 23, 2017, https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01047005.pdf; EFTA00999952, Data Set 9, Epstein to Drokova, "Re: From Futurism," October 2, 2017 (quoting Drokova's forward of the Klokus note), https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00999952.pdf; EFTA01000443, Data Set 9, same thread, October 3, 2017, https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01000443.pdf; EFTA02227011, Data Set 11, Drokova to Johnson, October 3, 2017, quoting Klokus's message of October 2, 8:39 p.m., https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02227011.pdf; EFTA02227025, Data Set 11, Johnson to Drokova and Klein, October 3, 2017, https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02227025.pdf; EFTA02225373, Data Set 11, message signed "Lesley" to Johnson, October 3, 2017, https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02225373.pdf; EFTA00460518, Data Set 9, Epstein to Groff, October 6, 2017, https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00460518.pdf; EFTA00460043, Data Set 9, Groff schedule, October 6, 2017, https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00460043.pdf; EFTA02225564, Data Set 11, Groff and Epstein on Zoom, October 6, 2017, https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02225564.pdf; EFTA02226959, Data Set 11, Groff to Johnson, October 6, 2017, https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02226959.pdf; EFTA02226363, Data Set 11, message quoted as from Drokova, October 6, 2017, 5:14 p.m., https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02226363.pdf; EFTA00391312, Data Set 9, Groff and Diamandis, May 1, 2013, https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00391312.pdf; EFTA02223354, Data Set 11, Groff and Drokova, September 18, 2017 (Klokus named as the Futurism editor expected at 1:30 p.m.), https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2011/EFTA02223354.pdf. Texts read from the PDFs.
[^4]: Braintree, Inc., Form D, filed July 13, 2011, SEC accession 0001524770-11-000001, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1524770/000152477011000001/primary_doc.xml ; second Form D filed November 21, 2011 (CIK 0001524770, EDGAR full-text index).
[^5]: Leena Rao, Sarah Perez and Ingrid Lunden, "eBay's PayPal Acquires Payments Gateway Braintree For $800M In Cash," TechCrunch, September 26, 2013, https://techcrunch.com/2013/09/26/paypal-acquires-payments-gateway-braintree-for-800m-in-cash
[^6]: Andrew Fenton, "Anti-aging multi-millionaire Bryan Johnson almost devoted his life to crypto," Cointelegraph Magazine, October 3, 2024, https://cointelegraph.com/magazine/anti-aging-multi-millionaire-bryan-johnson-almost-devoted-life-crypto
[^7]: JP Mangalindan, Fortune, October 20, 2014 (article slug "crazy-fund-startups"), https://fortune.com/2014/10/20/crazy-fund-startups
[^8]: SEC EDGAR Forms D: OS Fund II, L.P. (CIK 0001740344), accession 0001740344-18-000001 (filed May 10, 2018) and amendments 0001740344-19-000001, 0001740344-19-000002, 0001740344-20-000002; OS Fund Biome LLC (CIK 0001759179), accessions 0001759179-18-000001 (December 4, 2018) and 0001759179-19-000001 (January 9, 2019), https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1740344/000174034418000001/primary_doc.xml and https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1759179/000175917919000001/primary_doc.xml
[^9]: Planetary Resources, Inc. (CIK 0001656177), Form D/A, accessions 0001656177-16-000002 (May 26, 2016) and 0001656177-16-000003 (November 16, 2016), https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1656177/000165617716000003/primary_doc.xml
[^10]: Bryan Johnson (bryan@kernel.co) to Lesley Groff, "Impact Investing Just Doesn't Cut It," October 26, 2018, EFTA00484119, https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00484119.pdf ; "Becoming a zero detective," July 20, 2018, EFTA02294943, DataSet 11.
[^11]: KRNL, Inc. (CIK 0001815048), Form D accessions 0001104659-20-077936 (June 29, 2020) and 0001104659-23-122797 (December 1, 2023), https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1815048/000110465920077936/primary_doc.xml ; "General Catalyst-Backed Kernel Will Use $53M Series C To Tap Into The Human Mind," Crunchbase News, July 9, 2020, https://news.crunchbase.com/startups/general-catalyst-backed-kernel-will-use-53m-series-c-to-tap-into-the-human-mind (read from the Wayback Machine capture, https://web.archive.org/web/2025id_/https://news.crunchbase.com/startups/general-catalyst-backed-kernel-will-use-53m-series-c-to-tap-into-the-human-mind). KRNL, Inc. is matched to Kernel by address, signer and amount; the filing does not name Kernel.
[^12]: Matt Bruenig, "Bryan Johnson's Misrepresentations About Taryn Southern," NLRB Edge, March 21, 2025, https://www.nlrbedge.com/p/bryan-johnsons-misrepresentations . Sole source for the passages so cited on arbitral reasoning; Bruenig is an advocate for the complainants. Johnson's quoted X statement on the agreements is as reported by the Times.
[^13]: David Ingram and Bruna Horvath, "Jeffrey Epstein files reveal deep tech ties, from Musk to Gates," NBC News, February 5, 2026, https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/jeffrey-epstein-files-reveal-deep-tech-ties-musk-gates-rcna257092 ; Johnson's X posts as reported by UNILAD Tech, February 3, 2026, https://www.uniladtech.com/news/tech-news/bryan-johnson-respond-jeffrey-epstein-emails-revealed-503367-20260203
[^14]: Futurism, LLC (CIK 1692611), Form D, accession 0001692611-16-000001, filed December 19, 2016, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1692611/000169261116000001/primary_doc.xml
[^15]: Orianna Rosa Royle, Fortune, May 23, 2023, https://fortune.com/2023/05/23/bryan-johnson-tech-ceo-spends-2-million-year-young-swapping-blood-17-year-old-son-talmage-70-father/
[^16]: Courtney Rehfeldt, "Bryan Johnson raises $60 million for longevity startup Blueprint," AthleteTech News, October 29, 2025, https://athletechnews.com/bryan-johnson-raises-60-million-for-longevity-startup-blueprint
[^17]: Gil Duran, "Bryan Johnson, 'Don't Die' Network State Guru, Under Fire," The Nerd Reich, March 28, 2025, https://www.thenerdreich.com/bryan-johnson-dont-die-network-state-guru-under-fire/ . Sole source for the Prospera visit and the characterization of the summit; Duran is a critic of the Network State movement.
[^18]: Bryan Johnson (@bryan_johnson), X, November 6, 2024, 17:43 UTC, https://x.com/bryan_johnson/status/1854218174948057126 (text read through the X syndication endpoint, https://cdn.syndication.twimg.com/tweet-result?id=1854218174948057126)

4
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Christine Odell Cook Miller.md
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ alias:
- Christine Miller
- Judge Christine Miller
- Judge Nettesheim
summary: "Judge of the Court of Federal Claims who, as hearing officer on the Senate's 1995 referral of INSLAW's claims, ruled on July 31, 1997, that every version of PROMIS was in the public domain and INSLAW was owed nothing, ending the affair in the courts."
summary: "Judge of the Court of Federal Claims who, as hearing officer on the Senate's 1995 referral, ruled on July 31, 1997, that every version of PROMIS was in the public domain."
born: 1944
location: "Oakland, California"
created: 2026-09-22
@ -28,4 +28,4 @@ In May 1995 the Senate referred [[INSLAW]]'s remaining claims against the govern
### Footnotes
[^1]: Federal Judicial Center, "U.S. Court of Federal Claims: Miller, Christine Odell Cook," Biographical Directory. https://www.fjc.gov/history/courts/u.s.-court-federal-claims-miller-christine-odell-cook
[^2]: See [[INSLAW]] and [[PROMIS Software Scandal]] and the Department of Justice press release of August 1997 cited there; the opinion of July 31, 1997, was not examined.
[^2]: See [[INSLAW]] and [[PROMIS Software Scandal]] and the Department of Justice press release of August 1997 cited there.

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Christine Van Hees.md
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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ On April 23, 1998, the prosecutors-general of Antwerp, Ghent and Brussels found
### Footnotes
[^1]: "Who did not kill Christine Van Hees?" *De Morgen,* September 22, 1998; not examined, cited here as the page's earlier source.
[^1]: "Who did not kill Christine Van Hees?" *De Morgen,* September 22, 1998.
[^2]: Chambre des Représentants de Belgique. *Enquête parlementaire sur la manière dont l'enquête, dans ses volets policiers et judiciaires, a été menée dans l'affaire Dutroux-Nihoul et consorts,* rapport complémentaire, Doc. 713/8-96/97, February 16, 1998, chapter V; translated from the French. https://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/comm/dutroux/49K0713008.pdf
[^3]: Frenkiel, Olenka. "Belgium's silent heart of darkness." *The Observer,* May 5, 2002. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/05/dutroux.featuresreview
[^5]: Smoltczyk, Alexander. "Im Netz der Dossiers." *Der Spiegel,* no. 42/2001, October 14, 2001; translated from the German. https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/im-netz-der-dossiers-a-c9fe5b47-0002-0001-0000-000020353850 *The Observer* gives her age as fifteen in its account of Louf's description, and this page earlier gave fourteen from a source not now identified.

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10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Christopher Mellon.md
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@ -11,23 +11,29 @@ relations:
- type: employed_by
with: "[[Office of the Secretary of Defense]]"
role: "Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and a principal on William Cohen's staff when Cohen was Secretary of Defense, as Elizondo wrote"
fn: 9
fn: 10
- type: employed_by
with: "[[Senate Select Committee on Intelligence]]"
role: "intelligence staff work for Senator William Cohen; minority staff director from February 2003 under vice chairman Jay Rockefeller; deputy staff director in Elizondo's account"
start: 2003-02
fn: 10
fn: 11
- type: member_of
with: "[[To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science]]"
start: 2017
end: 2020-11
role: "paid adviser and National Security Affairs Advisor; with Puthoff and Semivan, aligned with the organization of Tom DeLonge and Jim Semivan after Elizondo's resignation; left with Puthoff and Steve Justice"
fn: 11
fn: 12
- type: participant_in
with: "[[Sol Foundation]]"
start: 2023-11-17
role: "presenter at the first Sol symposium, Palo Alto, November 17 to 18, 2023"
fn: 14
fn: 15
- type: director_of
with: "[[Sol Foundation]]"
start: 2022-09-23
end: 2023-09-15
role: "'Cristopher Mellon' of Laughlintown, Pennsylvania, one of three initial directors of the Alabama corporation The Sol Foundation (AL SOS 001-041-463) on the Certificate of Formation of September 23, 2022, and 'Christopher Mellon' on the Statement of Intent to Dissolve of September 15, 2023; the filings state no occupation"
fn: 25
updated: 2026-10-03
created: 2026-10-03
---
@ -45,7 +51,7 @@ Mellon was profoundly disturbed by these revelations, viewing the government's f
### The Legislative Strategy for Disclosure
Following Elizondo's resignation, Mellon became the primary architect of a multi-pronged strategy to force the UAP issue into the open. Recognizing that direct confrontation with the Pentagon was futile, he devised a plan to leverage Congress and the media. He facilitated the transfer of Navy videos later known as "FLIR" (Tic Tac), "[[GIMBAL]]," and "[[GoFast]]" to journalists. The landmark front-page [[New York Times]] story of December 2017, which broke the news of AATIP's existence, carried two of them (FLIR1 and GIMBAL); GOFAST followed in March 2018.[^2][^4] Politico reported in 2021 that the [[Washington Headquarters Services]] declassification division approved the videos "for unlimited distribution" inside the government.[^5] The [[Department of Defense]] stated on April 27, 2020 that it had authorized the release of three unclassified Navy videos, which had been circulating in the public domain after "unauthorized releases in 2007 and 2017."[^6] Mellon's own account, in the 2020 film *[[The Phenomenon (2020 film)|The Phenomenon]]*, is that he received the videos "in the Pentagon parking lot from a Defense Department official" and "still [has] the packaging."[^7] See [[December 2017 New York Times AATIP Report]].
Following Elizondo's resignation, Mellon became the primary architect of a multi-pronged strategy to force the UAP issue into the open. Recognizing that direct confrontation with the Pentagon was futile, he devised a plan to leverage Congress and the media. He facilitated the transfer of Navy videos later known as "FLIR" (Tic Tac), "[[GIMBAL]]," and "[[GoFast]]" to journalists. The landmark front-page [[New York Times]] story of December 2017, which broke the news of AATIP's existence, carried two of them (FLIR1 and GIMBAL); GOFAST followed in March 2018.[^2][^4] Politico reported in 2021 that the [[Washington Headquarters Services]] declassification division approved the videos "for unlimited distribution" inside the government.[^5] The Office of the Secretary of Defense file released to [[The Black Vault]] under the Freedom of Information Act in August 2019 contains an August 23, 2017 email in which [[Luis Elizondo]] asked Michael Russo of the Defense Office of Prepublication and Security Review to "consider our request for unrestricted release"; an August 24, 2017 reply from Russo that if the service-level classification authority verified that removing the metadata made the videos unclassified, "please feel free to move forward with release"; and a DD Form 1910 whose publication-data block reads "Not Applicable. Not for publication. Research and analysis ONLY and info sharing with other USG and industry partners for the purposes of developing a database to help identify, analyze and ultimately defeat UAS threats." Joseph Gradisher, a Navy spokesman, said in 2019 that neither the cognizant Navy offices nor the review office had a record of correspondence responding to a request for unrestricted release of the videos in 2017.[^6] The [[Department of Defense]] stated on April 27, 2020 that it had authorized the release of three unclassified Navy videos, which had been circulating in the public domain after "unauthorized releases in 2007 and 2017."[^7] Mellon's own account, in the 2020 film *[[The Phenomenon (2020 film)|The Phenomenon]]*, is that he received the videos "in the Pentagon parking lot from a Defense Department official" and "still [has] the packaging."[^8] See [[December 2017 New York Times AATIP Report]].
Mellon then focused on a legislative approach, using his deep knowledge of Capitol Hill to engage with key staffers on the Senate Intelligence and Armed Services Committees. He and Elizondo worked to educate lawmakers and arrange for them to be briefed directly by credible military eyewitnesses like Commander [[Dave Fravor]] and Lieutenant [[Alex Dietrich]]. Mellon's key strategic insight was to draft specific legislative language that would compel the [[Director of National Intelligence]] to produce an unclassified report on UAP. This language, which he championed through op-eds and private meetings, was eventually included in the committee report accompanying the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, signed into law in December 2020. This led to the landmark June 2021 "Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena."[^2]
@ -53,41 +59,49 @@ His legislative efforts continued, culminating in the passage of even more robus
### Mellon in Elizondo's account
Mellon's foreword, dated May 16, 2024, states that he first met Elizondo "at a closed-door Pentagon meeting early in 2017" while he was "an unpaid consultant for the Office of Naval Intelligence," that the mutual friend was Jim Semivan of the CIA, and that the meeting took place in Elizondo's Pentagon office, where Elizondo presented evidence of unidentified aircraft violating military airspace and a report on the 2004 Nimitz encounter; he wrote that he later took part in debriefings with Commander Dave Fravor and Lieutenant Alex Dietrich.[^8]
Mellon's foreword, dated May 16, 2024, states that he first met Elizondo "at a closed-door Pentagon meeting early in 2017" while he was "an unpaid consultant for the Office of Naval Intelligence," that the mutual friend was Jim Semivan of the CIA, and that the meeting took place in Elizondo's Pentagon office, where Elizondo presented evidence of unidentified aircraft violating military airspace and a report on the 2004 Nimitz encounter; he wrote that he later took part in debriefings with Commander Dave Fravor and Lieutenant Alex Dietrich.[^9]
Elizondo wrote that a member of his staff announced "a former very senior-level DoD official" who "had the Office of Naval Intelligence clearances he needed," that Mellon introduced himself as a former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, one step from the Secretary of Defense, and that Senator [[William Cohen]]'s closest advisor on Capitol Hill had been Mellon, whom Cohen brought to his staff when he became Secretary of Defense. He wrote that Mellon "even knew we were called AATIP"; that Semivan later told him he had told Mellon of AATIP and where to find it, and added that Mellon was an heir of the Mellon family; that Elizondo listed a series of clearances Mellon would need before a briefing and Mellon returned a week later with all of them; and that after a three-hour briefing on "legacy efforts" Mellon "admitted to us that he had zero visibility into the UAP topic" despite years of oversight of Defense Department special access programs.[^9] In a later passage Elizondo described Mellon as a former "deputy staff director of the Senate Intelligence Committee" and as a founding author of the bill that created the [[United States Special Operations Command]].[^10]
Elizondo wrote that a member of his staff announced "a former very senior-level DoD official" who "had the Office of Naval Intelligence clearances he needed," that Mellon introduced himself as a former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, one step from the Secretary of Defense, and that Senator [[William Cohen]]'s closest advisor on Capitol Hill had been Mellon, whom Cohen brought to his staff when he became Secretary of Defense. He wrote that Mellon "even knew we were called AATIP"; that Semivan later told him he had told Mellon of AATIP and where to find it, and added that Mellon was an heir of the Mellon family; that Elizondo listed a series of clearances Mellon would need before a briefing and Mellon returned a week later with all of them; and that after a three-hour briefing on "legacy efforts" Mellon "admitted to us that he had zero visibility into the UAP topic" despite years of oversight of Defense Department special access programs.[^10] In a later passage Elizondo described Mellon as a former "deputy staff director of the Senate Intelligence Committee" and as a founding author of the bill that created the [[United States Special Operations Command]].[^11]
He wrote that Mellon gave his name to senior officials who might reach Mattis; that after the Joint Staff declined an access designation for OPLAN Interloper and Mellon, Stratton and he concluded that Congress and the press were the only route, Mellon handed "a padded envelope filled with CDs" containing the three unclassified videos to a journalist in a parking lot inside the Beltway, having used his Pentagon contacts to obtain copies; that Mellon, Puthoff and Semivan met [[Leslie Kean]] with Elizondo for four hours after the resignation; that Mellon was "the brainchild" of a Politico story by [[Bryan Bender]]; and that Mellon, Puthoff and Semivan urged him to join To The Stars Academy.[^11] He wrote that Mellon, Stratton and he set a multiyear plan, the "Five Pillars of Engagement," that Mellon proposed having an oversight committee request an unclassified report from the Director of National Intelligence and drafted language posted online, and that "much of the wording" in Senate Report 116-233, which Senator [[Marco Rubio]] sponsored, "came directly from Chris Mellon's pen"; he gave the language as 422 words, signed with the Covid relief bill in late December 2020.[^12]
He wrote that Mellon gave his name to senior officials who might reach Mattis; that after the Joint Staff declined an access designation for OPLAN Interloper and Mellon, Stratton and he concluded that Congress and the press were the only route, Mellon handed "a padded envelope filled with CDs" containing the three unclassified videos to a journalist in a parking lot inside the Beltway, having used his Pentagon contacts to obtain copies; that Mellon, Puthoff and Semivan met [[Leslie Kean]] with Elizondo for four hours after the resignation; that Mellon was "the brainchild" of a Politico story by [[Bryan Bender]]; and that Mellon, Puthoff and Semivan urged him to join To The Stars Academy.[^12] He wrote that Mellon, Stratton and he set a multiyear plan, the "Five Pillars of Engagement," that Mellon proposed having an oversight committee request an unclassified report from the Director of National Intelligence and drafted language posted online, and that "much of the wording" in Senate Report 116-233, which Senator [[Marco Rubio]] sponsored, "came directly from Chris Mellon's pen"; he gave the language as 422 words, signed with the Covid relief bill in late December 2020.[^13]
### To The Stars advisory board and Sol
The Regulation A offering circular of To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science filed with the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] on August 15, 2017 names as its Advisory Board "Chris Mellon, Dr. [[Adele Gilpin]], Dr. [[Norman Kahn]], Dr. [[Colm Kelleher]], Dr. Garry Nolan, and Dr. [[Paul Rapp]]." Its biography of Mellon calls him "a private equity investor, political commentator and the Chair of the Science Committee at the [[Carnegie Museum of Natural History]]," and lists service as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence in the Clinton and Bush administrations and as minority staff director of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.[^13]
The Regulation A offering circular of To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science filed with the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] on August 15, 2017 names as its Advisory Board "Chris Mellon, Dr. [[Adele Gilpin]], Dr. [[Norman Kahn]], Dr. [[Colm Kelleher]], Dr. Garry Nolan, and Dr. [[Paul Rapp]]." Its biography of Mellon calls him "a private equity investor, political commentator and the Chair of the Science Committee at the [[Carnegie Museum of Natural History]]," and lists service as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence in the Clinton and Bush administrations and as minority staff director of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.[^14]
Mellon was among the speakers at the first [[Sol Foundation]] symposium, November 17 to 18, 2023 in [[Palo Alto, California]], listed in [[The Debrief]]'s account as "former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Christopher Mellon," beside [[Avi Loeb]], [[Jacques Vallee]], [[Diana Walsh Pasulka]], [[Tim Gallaudet]] and [[Karl Nell]].[^14] He signed the November 12, 2024 letter to Congress urging enactment of the review-board provisions of the [[Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Disclosure Act]] as "Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence; Former Staff Director, Department of Defense; Senate Select Committee on Intelligence," the signers including [[Garry Nolan]], [[Peter Skafish]] and Luis Elizondo; the letter states that signers joined as individuals and not for their organizations.[^15] The Sol Foundation's website, read October 3, 2026, does not list Mellon among its executive leadership or advisory board, and neither does its 2024 Form 990.[^16]
Mellon was among the speakers at the first [[Sol Foundation]] symposium, November 17 to 18, 2023 in [[Palo Alto, California]], listed in [[The Debrief]]'s account as "former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Christopher Mellon," beside [[Avi Loeb]], [[Jacques Vallee]], [[Diana Walsh Pasulka]], [[Tim Gallaudet]] and [[Karl Nell]].[^15] He signed the November 12, 2024 letter to Congress urging enactment of the review-board provisions of the [[Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Disclosure Act]] as "Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence; Former Staff Director, Department of Defense; Senate Select Committee on Intelligence," the signers including [[Garry Nolan]], [[Peter Skafish]] and Luis Elizondo; the letter states that signers joined as individuals and not for their organizations.[^16] The Sol Foundation's website, read October 3, 2026, does not list Mellon among its executive leadership or advisory board, and neither does its 2024 Form 990.[^17]
### Family
*Roll Call* described him in 2003 as "yes, of that Mellon family," 45 years old, "whose great-grandfather started the Gulf Oil Co.," and noted that Rockefeller was "the great-grandson of the man who founded [[Standard Oil]]," under the line "[[Rockefeller family|the Rockefellers]] and Mellons are taking over the Senate Select Intelligence Committee." Bryan Bender of Politico wrote in 2021 that he is "a scion of the [[Pennsylvania]] oil and banking family." Other bearers of the surname include Paul Mellon, a major in the [[Office of Strategic Services]] in Europe, his sister [[Ailsa Mellon Bruce]] and her husband the diplomat [[David K. E. Bruce]], and the publisher and donor Richard Mellon Scaife, who funded the [[Arkansas Project]] against Bill Clinton and sat on the [[Heritage Foundation]] board. No source opened states how these persons are related to Christopher Mellon or that he had dealings with them.[^1][^17]
*Roll Call* described him in 2003 as "yes, of that Mellon family," 45 years old, "whose great-grandfather started the Gulf Oil Co.," and noted that Rockefeller was "the great-grandson of the man who founded [[Standard Oil]]," under the line "[[Rockefeller family|the Rockefellers]] and Mellons are taking over the Senate Select Intelligence Committee." Bryan Bender of Politico wrote in 2021 that he is "a scion of the [[Pennsylvania]] oil and banking family." Other bearers of the surname include Paul Mellon, a major in the [[Office of Strategic Services]] in Europe, his sister [[Ailsa Mellon Bruce]] and her husband the diplomat [[David K. E. Bruce]], and the publisher and donor Richard Mellon Scaife, who funded the [[Arkansas Project]] against Bill Clinton and sat on the [[Heritage Foundation]] board. No source opened states how these persons are related to Christopher Mellon or that he had dealings with them.[^1][^18]
### The placement of the December 2017 article
Per Bender (2021): in 2016 [[Tom DeLonge]] "called me up out of the blue," Mellon said, "and then through him I met Jim and Hal"; Mellon, who kept his clearance, then met Luis Elizondo at a Pentagon briefing; by fall 2017 Mellon "was also a paid adviser to DeLonge's TTSA" and acted as Elizondo's "unofficial public relations manager," who "started dangling the story to the New York Times, POLITICO and several other mainstream outlets." According to Leslie Kean's account to [[Gideon Lewis-Kraus]], on October 4, 2017 Mellon had her called to a hotel bar near the Pentagon where [[Hal Puthoff]], Jim Semivan and Elizondo briefed her; the Times placement followed. Details and denials are on December 2017 New York Times AATIP Report.[^5][^18]
Per Bender (2021): in 2016 [[Tom DeLonge]] "called me up out of the blue," Mellon said, "and then through him I met Jim and Hal"; Mellon, who kept his clearance, then met Luis Elizondo at a Pentagon briefing; by fall 2017 Mellon "was also a paid adviser to DeLonge's TTSA" and acted as Elizondo's "unofficial public relations manager," who "started dangling the story to the New York Times, POLITICO and several other mainstream outlets." According to Leslie Kean's account to [[Gideon Lewis-Kraus]], on October 4, 2017 Mellon had her called to a hotel bar near the Pentagon where [[Hal Puthoff]], Jim Semivan and Elizondo briefed her; the Times placement followed. Details and denials are on December 2017 New York Times AATIP Report.[^5][^19]
### Money and affiliations as recorded
TTSA: paid adviser (Bender); listed as "National Security Affairs Advisor" ([[Keith Kloor|Kloor]], 2019); the company's annual report for 2020 states he resigned from the advisory board in November 2020 (vault page for To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science).[^5][^19] The offering circular dated September 29, 2017 lists "Chris Mellon" first among six Advisory Board members and states that in June 2017 the company granted "employees and advisors" 9,000,000 options and 2,500,000 restricted shares under its stock incentive plan; the text read does not itemize grants by person. No source opened shows a payment from Mellon to TTSA, or the amount he was paid as an adviser.[^3]
TTSA: paid adviser (Bender); listed as "National Security Affairs Advisor" ([[Keith Kloor|Kloor]], 2019); the company's annual report for 2020 states he resigned from the advisory board in November 2020 (vault page for To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science).[^5][^20] The offering circular dated September 29, 2017 lists "Chris Mellon" first among six Advisory Board members and states that in June 2017 the company granted "employees and advisors" 9,000,000 options and 2,500,000 restricted shares under its stock incentive plan; the text read does not itemize grants by person. No source opened shows a payment from Mellon to TTSA, or the amount he was paid as an adviser.[^3]
[[Galileo Project]]: research affiliate from October 30, 2021, with Elizondo ([[Harvard University|Harvard]] release). On April 26, 2024 the Galileo Project announced a 575,000 dollar grant from the [[Richard King Mellon Foundation]] for a third observatory station in [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny]] or [[Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania|Westmoreland County]], Pennsylvania, stating that Mellon "was instrumental in stewarding this grant."[^20][^21]
[[Galileo Project]]: research affiliate from October 30, 2021, with Elizondo ([[Harvard University|Harvard]] release). On April 26, 2024 the Galileo Project announced a 575,000 dollar grant from the [[Richard King Mellon Foundation]] for a third observatory station in [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny]] or [[Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania|Westmoreland County]], Pennsylvania, stating that Mellon "was instrumental in stewarding this grant."[^21][^22]
Lobbying and legislation: Lewis-Kraus wrote that the text Marco Rubio added in June 2020 to the 2021 Intelligence Authorization Act, requesting a UAP report from the Director of National Intelligence and the Secretary of Defense, "drew heavily from proposals by Mellon"; Bender wrote that Mellon, "from his perch on the advisory board of DeLonge's company, ... effectively drafted the legislation later adopted by the Senate requesting the UAP report." Mellon's March 9, 2018 *[[Washington Post]]* op-ed was "The military keeps encountering UFOs. Why doesn't the Pentagon care?"[^5][^18][^19]
The Richard King Mellon Foundation's Form 990-PF for 2024 (EIN 25-1127705), Part XV, lists a grant paid during the year of $575,000 to Harvard University, Boston, with the purpose text "Toward support of Project Argyle." The Foundation's 2024 annual report lists Harvard University, Boston, "Toward support of Project Argyle."[^23]
Lobbying and legislation: Lewis-Kraus wrote that the text Marco Rubio added in June 2020 to the 2021 Intelligence Authorization Act, requesting a UAP report from the Director of National Intelligence and the Secretary of Defense, "drew heavily from proposals by Mellon"; Bender wrote that Mellon, "from his perch on the advisory board of DeLonge's company, ... effectively drafted the legislation later adopted by the Senate requesting the UAP report." Mellon's March 9, 2018 *[[Washington Post]]* op-ed was "The military keeps encountering UFOs. Why doesn't the Pentagon care?"[^5][^19][^20]
### Statements beside denials
Kloor (2019) quoted Mellon on *[[Fox & Friends]]* on [[Fox News]]: "We know that UFOs exist," and wrote that Mellon did not respond to a request for comment on whether he and Elizondo do contract work for a U.S. agency; Elizondo told Kloor he was a government contractor "but it's not what you think it is." Mellon told Kloor by email in late 2018: "I did not claim the objects were alien... Merely real, intelligently controlled and not ours."[^19][^22]
Kloor (2019) quoted Mellon on *[[Fox & Friends]]* on [[Fox News]]: "We know that UFOs exist," and wrote that Mellon did not respond to a request for comment on whether he and Elizondo do contract work for a U.S. agency; Elizondo told Kloor he was a government contractor "but it's not what you think it is." Mellon told Kloor by email in late 2018: "I did not claim the objects were alien... Merely real, intelligently controlled and not ours."[^20][^24]
### The Alabama directorship
The [[Alabama Secretary of State]] record for The Sol Foundation (entity 001-041-463) names "Cristopher Mellon" of Laughlintown, [[Pennsylvania]] as one of three initial directors on the Certificate of Formation filed September 23, 2022, with [[Garry Nolan]] and [[Saul Mercado]]. The Statement of Intent to Dissolve filed September 15, 2023 lists the directors as Nolan, "Christopher Mellon" (spelled with an h) and Mercado. The corporation's registered agent and office were those of [[Ignite Fueling Innovation]] in [[Huntsville]]. The same filing lists Nolan as president, Mercado as secretary and [[Peter Skafish]] as treasurer; Mellon holds no office on it. A board consent to dissolve was executed on August 31, 2023, and the Articles of Dissolution, filed September 15, 2023, state that no plan of distribution was adopted. The filings state no occupation or prior office for any director, and none states that the director is the former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense. Laughlintown is also the locality given for "Mellon, Christopher" in the FEC entries below. The California corporation is described on [[Sol Foundation]].[^25]
### Federal Election Commission records
[[Federal Election Commission|FEC]] itemized receipts list a "Mellon, Christopher" of [[Laughlintown]], Pennsylvania (employer "[[Mellon Consulting]]" from 2008 to 2009, "[[A&E Networks]]" in 2020) with contributions of 1,000 to 2,000 dollars to [[John Murtha|Murtha for Congress]] (five entries, March 2008 to September 2009), 5,000 dollars to the [[Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee]] (June 23, 2008) and 2,400 dollars to [[Chuck Schumer|Friends of Schumer]] (July 16, 2010), and, on August 25 and 27, 2020, 2,800 dollars to [[Joe Biden|Biden for President]], 35,000 dollars to the [[Biden Victory Fund]] and 32,200 dollars to the [[Democratic National Committee]]. Other "Mellon, Christopher" donors in [[Greenfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania|Greenfield Township]], Pennsylvania and [[Conklin, New York|Conklin]], New York list [[Maines Paper & Food Service]] as employer. No record read states which of these entries belong to the former Pentagon official.[^23]
[[Federal Election Commission|FEC]] itemized receipts list a "Mellon, Christopher" of [[Laughlintown]], Pennsylvania (employer "[[Mellon Consulting]]" from 2008 to 2009, "[[A&E Networks]]" in 2020) with contributions to [[John Murtha|Murtha for Congress]] (seven entries, March 3, 2008 to December 9, 2009, 500 to 2,000 dollars each), 5,000 dollars to the [[Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee]] (June 23, 2008) and 2,400 dollars to [[Chuck Schumer|Friends of Schumer]] (July 16, 2010), and, on August 25 and 27, 2020, 2,800 dollars to [[Joe Biden|Biden for President]], 35,000 dollars to the [[Biden Victory Fund]] and 32,200 dollars to the [[Democratic National Committee]]. Other "Mellon, Christopher" donors in [[Greenfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania|Greenfield Township]], Pennsylvania and [[Conklin, New York|Conklin]], New York list [[Maines Paper & Food Service]] as employer. No record read states which of these entries belong to the former Pentagon official.[^26]
The same query returns further occupation and employer entries. The entries to Murtha for Congress and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee give "President" of "Mellon Consulting." Two entries read "Christopher K. Mellon": April 5, 2008, "Executive," "[[Powercast]]," 1,000 dollars to [[Citizens for Altmire]]; and March 3, 2009, "Consultant," "[[Mellon Strategic Consulting, LLC]]," 500 dollars to Citizens for Altmire. Three entries under "Mr. Christopher Mellon," "Consultant," "Self-Employed," are to [[Tim Murphy for Congress]]: 250 dollars on August 12, 2008, 500 dollars on September 24, 2008 and 250 dollars on April 8, 2009. On March 8, 2015 an entry with occupation "Investor," employer "Self," gives 2,600 dollars to [[Webb 2016]], and on March 16, 2015 the same occupation gives 5,000 dollars to [[Born Fighting PAC]]. The five entries of August 25 and 27, 2020, to Biden for President, the Biden Victory Fund and the Democratic National Committee, give occupation "Producer/Subject Matter Expert" and employer "A&E Networks."[^27]
### Footnotes
@ -96,21 +110,25 @@ Kloor (2019) quoted Mellon on *[[Fox & Friends]]* on [[Fox News]]: "We know that
[^3]: To The Stars Academy of Arts and Science Inc. Offering Circular dated September 29, 2017 (Form 253G2, file no. 024-10728). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000114420417050693/v476177_253g2.htm
[^4]: Greenewald, John, Jr. "Navy Officially Releases UFO/UAP Videos, Calls Them 'Historical.'" The Black Vault, April 27, 2020. https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/navy-officially-releases-ufo-uap-videos-calls-them-historical/
[^5]: Bender, Bryan. "The Hidden History of How Washington Embraced UFOs." *Politico Magazine,* May 28, 2021. https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/05/28/ufos-secret-history-government-washington-dc-487900
[^6]: U.S. Department of Defense. "Statement by the Department of Defense on the Release of Historical Navy Videos," April 27, 2020. https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2165713/statement-by-the-department-of-defense-on-the-release-of-historical-navy-videos/ (read through the Internet Archive capture, https://web.archive.org/web/2020id_/https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2165713/statement-by-the-department-of-defense-on-the-release-of-historical-navy-videos/).
[^7]: Banias, MJ. "Ex Intel Official Says He Was the Source of the Pentagon's UFO Videos." *Vice,* October 20, 2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/this-guy-says-he-was-the-source-of-the-pentagons-ufo-videos/ (sole source for the statement, made on camera to James Fox; Vice could not verify).
[^8]: Luis Elizondo, *Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs* (New York: William Morrow, 2024), Foreword by Christopher Mellon, dated May 16, 2024, pp. xiii to xxii. Page numbers are those of the printed index where it lists the passage; the digital copy read carries no pagination, so other pages are interpolated from index entries and may be off by one.
[^9]: Luis Elizondo, *Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs* (New York: William Morrow, 2024), pp. 180 to 185 (Semivan at pp. 180 to 182 and 184 to 185; Mellon's visit at pp. 183 to 185).
[^10]: Luis Elizondo, *Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs* (New York: William Morrow, 2024), pp. 222 to 224 (deputy staff director at p. 222; the special operations command bill at p. 224).
[^11]: Luis Elizondo, *Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs* (New York: William Morrow, 2024), pp. 199 to 209 (CDs at p. 199; Kean at pp. 203 to 204; TTSA at pp. 204 to 205; Bender at p. 209; Mellon leaving TTSA at p. 220).
[^12]: Luis Elizondo, *Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs* (New York: William Morrow, 2024), pp. 222 to 230 (Five Pillars at p. 222; report proposal at p. 225; Senate Report 116-233 at p. 229; 422 words at p. 230).
[^13]: To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science Inc., Form 1-A, offering circular Part II and III, accession 0001144204-17-043466 (filed August 15, 2017), "Advisory Board." https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000114420417043466/v473169_partiiandiii.htm
[^14]: Micah Hanks, "The Sol Foundation, Academia's New UAP Think Tank, Releases Videos of Lectures from Its Inaugural Symposium," *The Debrief*, February 12, 2024. https://thedebrief.org/the-sol-foundation-academias-new-uap-think-tank-releases-videos-of-lectures-from-its-inaugural-symposium/
[^15]: Statement of Tim Gallaudet with signatory letter dated November 12, 2024, House Committee on Oversight and Accountability, hearing of November 13, 2024. https://docs.house.gov/meetings/GO/GO12/20241113/117721/HHRG-118-GO12-Wstate-GallaudetPhDRearAdmiralUSNavyRetT-20241113-SD001.pdf
[^16]: The Sol Foundation, home page, "People" section, https://thesolfoundation.org/ , read October 3, 2026; IRS Form 990 for 2024, EIN 93-3649160, Part VII, https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/933649160/202543269349300004/full
[^17]: Review of Lankford, *The Last American Aristocrat. Kirkus Reviews,* 1996; National Gallery of Art, 1999 Paul Mellon press release; *Philadelphia Inquirer,* July 5, 2014 (Scaife obituary). See the footnotes of [[Mellon Family]].
[^18]: Lewis-Kraus, Gideon. "How the Pentagon Started Taking U.F.O.s Seriously." *The New Yorker,* May 10, 2021. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/05/10/how-the-pentagon-started-taking-ufos-seriously
[^19]: Kloor, Keith. "The Media Loves This UFO Expert Who Says He Worked for an Obscure Pentagon Program. Did He?" *The Intercept,* June 1, 2019. https://theintercept.com/2019/06/01/ufo-unidentified-history-channel-luis-elizondo-pentagon/
[^20]: "The Galileo Project Welcomes Christopher Mellon and Luis Elizondo as Research Affiliates," October 30, 2021. https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/galileo/files/mellon-elizondo_announcement_final_2.pdf (Internet Archive copy).
[^21]: "Richard King Mellon Foundation awards $575,000 to Galileo Project," April 26, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://galileo.hsites.harvard.edu/news/richard-king-mellon-foundation-awards-575000-galileo-project
[^22]: Kloor, Keith. "UFOs Won't Go Away." *Issues in Science and Technology,* March 1, 2019. https://issues.org/ufos-wont-go-away/
[^23]: Federal Election Commission, schedule A receipts, contributor name "MELLON, CHRISTOPHER" (OpenFEC API query run October 3, 2026). https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/schedules/schedule_a/?contributor_name=MELLON%2C%20CHRISTOPHER
[^6]: [[The Black Vault]], FOIA release of Office of the Secretary of Defense case 18-F-0644, August 2019 (emails of August 23 and 24, 2017 between Luis Elizondo and Michael Russo of the Defense Office of Prepublication and Security Review, with the DD Form 1910; the form's text is poorly legible in the scan and is quoted as transcribed in the research notes), https://www.theblackvault.com/casefiles/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/18-F-0644.pdf ; Joseph Gradisher quoted in "U.S. Navy Confirms Videos Depict Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, Not Cleared for Public Release," The Black Vault, September 2019, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/u-s-navy-confirms-videos-depict-unidentified-aerial-phenomena-not-cleared-for-public-release/
[^7]: U.S. Department of Defense. "Statement by the Department of Defense on the Release of Historical Navy Videos," April 27, 2020. https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2165713/statement-by-the-department-of-defense-on-the-release-of-historical-navy-videos/ (read through the Internet Archive capture, https://web.archive.org/web/2020id_/https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2165713/statement-by-the-department-of-defense-on-the-release-of-historical-navy-videos/).
[^8]: Banias, MJ. "Ex Intel Official Says He Was the Source of the Pentagon's UFO Videos." *Vice,* October 20, 2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/this-guy-says-he-was-the-source-of-the-pentagons-ufo-videos/ (sole source for the statement, made on camera to James Fox; Vice could not verify).
[^9]: Luis Elizondo, *Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs* (New York: William Morrow, 2024), Foreword by Christopher Mellon, dated May 16, 2024, pp. xiii to xxii. Page numbers are those of the printed index where it lists the passage; the digital copy read carries no pagination, so other pages are interpolated from index entries and may be off by one.
[^10]: Luis Elizondo, *Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs* (New York: William Morrow, 2024), pp. 180 to 185 (Semivan at pp. 180 to 182 and 184 to 185; Mellon's visit at pp. 183 to 185).
[^11]: Luis Elizondo, *Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs* (New York: William Morrow, 2024), pp. 222 to 224 (deputy staff director at p. 222; the special operations command bill at p. 224).
[^12]: Luis Elizondo, *Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs* (New York: William Morrow, 2024), pp. 199 to 209 (CDs at p. 199; Kean at pp. 203 to 204; TTSA at pp. 204 to 205; Bender at p. 209; Mellon leaving TTSA at p. 220).
[^13]: Luis Elizondo, *Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs* (New York: William Morrow, 2024), pp. 222 to 230 (Five Pillars at p. 222; report proposal at p. 225; Senate Report 116-233 at p. 229; 422 words at p. 230).
[^14]: To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science Inc., Form 1-A, offering circular Part II and III, accession 0001144204-17-043466 (filed August 15, 2017), "Advisory Board." https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1710274/000114420417043466/v473169_partiiandiii.htm
[^15]: Micah Hanks, "The Sol Foundation, Academia's New UAP Think Tank, Releases Videos of Lectures from Its Inaugural Symposium," *The Debrief*, February 12, 2024. https://thedebrief.org/the-sol-foundation-academias-new-uap-think-tank-releases-videos-of-lectures-from-its-inaugural-symposium/
[^16]: Statement of Tim Gallaudet with signatory letter dated November 12, 2024, House Committee on Oversight and Accountability, hearing of November 13, 2024. https://docs.house.gov/meetings/GO/GO12/20241113/117721/HHRG-118-GO12-Wstate-GallaudetPhDRearAdmiralUSNavyRetT-20241113-SD001.pdf
[^17]: The Sol Foundation, home page, "People" section, https://thesolfoundation.org/ , read October 3, 2026; IRS Form 990 for 2024, EIN 93-3649160, Part VII, https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/933649160/202543269349300004/full
[^18]: Review of Lankford, *The Last American Aristocrat. Kirkus Reviews,* 1996; National Gallery of Art, 1999 Paul Mellon press release; *Philadelphia Inquirer,* July 5, 2014 (Scaife obituary). See the footnotes of [[Mellon Family]].
[^19]: Lewis-Kraus, Gideon. "How the Pentagon Started Taking U.F.O.s Seriously." *The New Yorker,* May 10, 2021. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/05/10/how-the-pentagon-started-taking-ufos-seriously
[^20]: Kloor, Keith. "The Media Loves This UFO Expert Who Says He Worked for an Obscure Pentagon Program. Did He?" *The Intercept,* June 1, 2019. https://theintercept.com/2019/06/01/ufo-unidentified-history-channel-luis-elizondo-pentagon/
[^21]: "The Galileo Project Welcomes Christopher Mellon and Luis Elizondo as Research Affiliates," October 30, 2021. https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/galileo/files/mellon-elizondo_announcement_final_2.pdf (Internet Archive copy).
[^22]: "Richard King Mellon Foundation awards $575,000 to Galileo Project," April 26, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://galileo.hsites.harvard.edu/news/richard-king-mellon-foundation-awards-575000-galileo-project
[^23]: IRS Form 990-PF for 2024, Richard King Mellon Foundation, EIN 25-1127705, object ID 202503179349103185, Part XV (grants paid during the year), https://gt990datalake-rawdata.s3.amazonaws.com/EfileData/XmlFiles/202503179349103185_public.xml ; Richard King Mellon Foundation, 2024 Annual Report, "Grant & PRI Recipients," https://www.rkmf.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/2024-Annual-Report.pdf
[^24]: Kloor, Keith. "UFOs Won't Go Away." *Issues in Science and Technology,* March 1, 2019. https://issues.org/ufos-wont-go-away/
[^25]: Alabama Secretary of State, entity 001-041-463, The Sol Foundation: Certificate of Formation (filed September 23, 2022), board consent (August 31, 2023), Statement of Intent to Dissolve and Articles of Dissolution (both filed September 15, 2023); document copies purchased October 3, 2026, and the entity page fetched the same day. https://arc-sos.state.al.us/cgi/corpdetail.mbr/detail?corp=001041463&page=name&file=&type=ALL&status=ALL&place=ALL&city=
[^26]: Federal Election Commission, schedule A receipts, contributor name "MELLON, CHRISTOPHER" (OpenFEC API query run October 3, 2026). https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/schedules/schedule_a/?contributor_name=MELLON%2C%20CHRISTOPHER
[^27]: Federal Election Commission, schedule A receipts, contributor name "MELLON, CHRISTOPHER," city Laughlintown, Pennsylvania, 20 rows (OpenFEC API query rerun October 3, 2026; sub_ids include 4020620091107097394, 4040820091113637717, 4101520081097487423, 4032920161281705749, 4073120151248132201, 4060420221494790667). https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/schedules/schedule_a/?contributor_name=MELLON%2C%20CHRISTOPHER&contributor_city=LAUGHLINTOWN

92
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Clayton Hinchman.md Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
---
category: "People"
tags:
- Person
- DefenseContractor
- USArmyVeteran
- Politician
- HuntsvilleAlabama
- IgniteFuelingInnovation
alias:
- Robert Clayton Hinchman
- R. Clayton Hinchman
summary: "Robert Clayton Hinchman is a West Point graduate and medically retired Army captain, chief executive of Ignite Fueling Innovation since May 2020 and a 2018 Republican primary challenger to Mo Brooks."
location: "Huntsville, Alabama"
relations:
- type: employed_by
with: "[[Ignite Fueling Innovation, Inc.]]"
start: "2016"
role: "chief marketing officer (2016 to 2019), chief operating officer (FEC occupation, 2017 to 2018), chairman and chief executive officer (May 2020 onward)"
fn: 4
- type: founded
with: "[[USi]]"
role: "founder, president and chief executive (acquired by Ignite April 1, 2016)"
fn: 4
- type: member_of
with: "[[United States Army]]"
role: "infantry officer, 10th Mountain Division and Special Operations Task Force 17; medically retired as captain"
fn: 1
- type: director_of
with: "[[Elizabeth Dole Foundation]]"
role: "past board member"
fn: 1
- type: candidate_for
with: "[[Alabama's 5th congressional district]]"
start: "2017-06-20"
end: "2018-06-05"
role: "Republican primary candidate; 34,739 votes (38.7 percent) against incumbent Mo Brooks"
fn: 9
- type: funded
with: "[[Hinchman for Congress]]"
start: "2018-03-30"
role: "$100,000 entry from Hinchman on Schedule A, line 13A (loan)"
fn: 5
created: 2026-10-03
updated: 2026-10-03
---
### Education and Army service
Robert Clayton Hinchman was born in San Benito, Texas, graduated from high school in Angleton, Texas, and earned his undergraduate degree from the [[United States Military Academy]] at [[West Point]]. His biography published by [[Boots for the Brave]] and the biography on the [[Radiance Ignite Technologies]] website state that he served in the [[United States Army]] as an infantry officer assigned to the [[10th Mountain Division]] and to "Special Operations Task Force 17," earned Airborne and Air Assault wings, and graduated as the honor graduate of [[United States Army Ranger School]].[^1][^2] He medically retired as a captain "due to wounds sustained during an improvised explosive attack while conducting a night raid to kill or capture Al Qaeda in Iraq." His listed decorations are the [[Combat Infantryman Badge]], the [[Bronze Star Medal]], the [[Purple Heart]] and the [[Meritorious Service Medal]].[^1][^2]
Both biographies give his graduate education as a master's degree from [[Georgetown University]], executive education at the [[Owen Graduate School of Management]] of [[Vanderbilt University]], and completion of the [[Goldman Sachs]] 10,000 Small Businesses program at [[Babson College]].[^2]
### After the Army
After his military service Hinchman worked for the [[Joint Improvised-Threat Defeat Organization]] and with nonprofit organizations in [[Washington, D.C.]] He is described as an ambassador to the [[Vail Veterans Program]] and a past board member of the [[Elizabeth Dole Foundation]].[^1] He founded and led USi, a Huntsville company that [[Ignite Fueling Innovation]] bought and merged on April 1, 2016; a [[Business Alabama]] report of July 20, 2017 names him Ignite's chief marketing officer under president and chief executive [[Jason Shelton]].[^3][^4] He served about three years as chief marketing officer, then as president and chief operating officer of Systems, Products, Solutions, Inc. from 2019 to 2020.[^4] His [[Federal Election Commission]] filings give his employer as Ignite and his occupation as chief operating officer in 2017 and 2018 and chief marketing officer in January 2019.[^5]
Ignite announced on May 22, 2020 that Hinchman would succeed Shelton as chief executive, with Shelton remaining chairman; the Radiance Ignite Technologies website says Hinchman "took over as Chairman and CEO of Ignite in May of 2020."[^6][^2] A Huntsville directory lists him among the members of the [[Huntsville Committee of 100]]. His Federal Election Commission contributor entries from 2025 and 2026 give his employer as Black Patch Distilling Co. LLC.[^7]
### Radiance Ignite Technologies
[[Radiance Technologies]] and Ignite announced the joint venture Radiance Ignite Technologies on October 14, 2024 with Hinchman as president and chairman and [[Bill Bailey]], Radiance's chief executive, as vice chairman. The [[Alabama Secretary of State]] record for the limited liability company (formed July 10, 2024) lists Hinchman as registered agent.[^2][^8]
### 2018 congressional candidacy
Hinchman filed a statement of candidacy with the Federal Election Commission on June 20, 2017 as a Republican for [[Alabama's 5th congressional district]], held by [[Mo Brooks]] (candidate H8AL05208; committee [[Hinchman for Congress]], C00648162, treasurer Nicholas Ryan Rockhill). The committee reported 2018 receipts of $253,800.31, disbursements of $259,899.11, individual contributions of $130,537.50, contributions from other political committees of $22,762.81 and $100,000 in loans, and filed a termination report on July 5, 2019.[^5]
Schedule A entries include $100,000 from Hinchman on March 30, 2018 (line 13A, a loan) and $1,033.08 from Hinchman on January 7, 2019 (line 11D); $250 on August 29, 2017 from Hinchman; $2,700 from Ignite Fueling Innovation Inc Federal PAC on May 18, 2017; $5,000 from the Radiance Technologies, Inc. Political Action Committee on March 21, 2018; $1,000 from the [[Dynetics]] Political Action Committee on August 28, 2017; and a net $16,547.62 in five entries (May 17 to June 27, 2018) from a committee named War Veterans Fund. Individual donors on the filings include Ignite president [[Brandon Umphrey]] ($500), Jason Shelton ($500), Ignite chief financial officer [[Trent Poff]] ($250), former [[Camber Corporation]] president [[Joseph Alexander]] ($1,000), [[COLSA Corporation]] president [[Richard Amos]] ($1,500) and [[Newsmax]] chief executive [[Christopher Ruddy]] ($500).[^5]
In the Republican primary of June 5, 2018, Hinchman received 34,739 votes (38.7 percent) to 54,928 (61.3 percent) for Brooks across the district, a total of 89,667; in [[Madison County, Alabama]] the count was 25,516 to 15,791 and in [[Jackson County, Alabama]] 5,063 to 3,399.[^9]
### Political contributions after 2018
The Federal Election Commission lists a $2,500 contribution from Hinchman to Citizens for Turner, the committee of Representative [[Mike Turner]], on June 27, 2024, nine days after Ignite's political action committee and the Radiance political action committee each gave the committee money (June 18, 2024). Ignite's earlier political action committee also gave $2,700 to the Senate campaign of [[Luther Strange]] on August 23, 2017.[^10]
### The Sol Foundation filings
Ignite, of which Hinchman was chief executive from May 2020, served as registered agent for an Alabama corporation named [[The Sol Foundation]], formed September 23, 2022 and dissolved September 15, 2023; Ignite's registered agent of record at the time was Jason Shelton.[^11]
### Footnotes
[^1]: "Clayton Hinchman," Boots for the Brave, October 8, 2022, https://bootsforthebrave.org/clayton-hinchman/
[^2]: Radiance Ignite Technologies, "About Us," https://radianceignite.com/about/
[^3]: "Newly Merged Huntsville Tech Company is Just Warming Up," Business Alabama (BCA Today), July 20, 2017, https://www.bcatoday.org/newly-merged-huntsville-tech-company-is-just-warming-up/
[^4]: Ignite Fueling Innovation, "Our Leadership," https://igniteimpossible.com/our-leadership/
[^5]: Federal Election Commission, candidate H8AL05208 and committee C00648162 (Hinchman for Congress): committee record, filings list, candidate totals and Schedule A, https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/committee/C00648162/ and https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/schedules/schedule_a/?committee_id=C00648162
[^6]: "Hinchman CEO of Ignite," Ignite Fueling Innovation, May 22, 2020, https://igniteimpossible.com/hinchman-ceo-of-ignite/
[^7]: Federal Election Commission Schedule A, contributor employer field, https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/schedules/schedule_a/?contributor_name=Hinchman
[^8]: Alabama Secretary of State, Radiance Ignite Technologies, LLC, entity 001-144-448, https://arc-sos.state.al.us/cgi/corpdetail.mbr/detail?corp=001144448&page=name&file=&type=ALL&status=ALL&place=ALL&city=
[^9]: Alabama Secretary of State, "2018 Republican Primary Results," https://www.sos.alabama.gov/sites/default/files/election-2018/2018%20Republican%20Primary%20Results.xlsx (sheets Summary, Madison, Jackson, "CD 5"); Alabama Republican Party certification, June 15, 2018, https://www.sos.alabama.gov/sites/default/files/election-2018/Republican_2018_Primary_Certification_of_Results.pdf
[^10]: Federal Election Commission Schedules A and B, committees C00830901, C00610691 and C00372979, https://api.open.fec.gov/v1/schedules/schedule_a/
[^11]: Alabama Secretary of State, entity records for The Sol Foundation (formed September 23, 2022; dissolved September 15, 2023), https://arc-sos.state.al.us/

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Eefje Lambrecks.md
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ The commission's chronology records that on the evening of August 22, 1995, at B
### Footnotes
[^1]: Dovey, S. *Eye of the Chickenhawk.* Thehotstar, 2023. Sole source for the passages so cited. Its placing of the bodies at Sars-la-Buissière, exhumed on September 16, 1996, is contradicted by contemporaneous reporting and is not repeated here; it places the hypnosis show at Blankenberge, as does the commission's chronology; *Le Parisien* gives Ostend.
[^1]: Dovey, S. *Eye of the Chickenhawk.* Thehotstar, 2023. Its placing of the bodies at Sars-la-Buissière, exhumed on September 16, 1996, is contradicted by contemporaneous reporting; it places the hypnosis show at Blankenberge, as does the commission's chronology; *Le Parisien* gives Ostend. Sole source for the passages so cited.
[^2]: Chambre des Représentants de Belgique. *Enquête parlementaire sur la manière dont l'enquête, dans ses volets policiers et judiciaires, a été menée dans l'affaire Dutroux-Nihoul et consorts,* rapport, Doc. 713/6-96/97, April 18, 1997, pp. 78-80 and table 7, p. 272; translated from the French. https://www.dekamer.be/FLWB/PDF/49/0713/49K0713006.pdf
[^3]: Fleury, Elisabeth. "Le calvaire d'An et Eefje." *Le Parisien,* April 5, 2004; translated from the French. https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/le-calvaire-d-an-et-eefje-05-04-2004-2004887724.php
[^4]: "Nihoul acquitté pour les enlèvements." *La Dernière Heure,* June 17, 2004; translated from the French. https://www.dhnet.be/actu/faits/2004/06/17/nihoul-acquitte-pour-les-enlevements-MF73NPYQVBC25I2Y6P54BXIQDA/

4
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Garby Leon.md
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ tags:
- Wilcher
- PROMIS
- Hollywood
summary: "Hollywood development executive at Joel Silver Productions and Columbia who wrote to Janet Reno in July 1993 demanding an inquiry into Paul Wilcher's death as a parallel to Casolaro's, and who prompted and assisted Cheri Seymour's investigation of the Octopus."
summary: "Hollywood development executive who wrote to Janet Reno in July 1993 demanding an inquiry into Paul Wilcher's death as a parallel to Casolaro's and who assisted Cheri Seymour's investigation of the Octopus."
location: "Los Angeles, California"
created: 2026-09-22
updated: 2026-09-22
@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ Leon spent the following year pressing the California journalist [[Cheri Seymour
[^1]: Leon, Garby. Letter to Attorney General Janet Reno, July 14, 1993, with the biographical note attached, reproduced at http://www.pinknoiz.com/covert/wilcher.html
[^2]: See [[Paul Wilcher]] and [[Janet Reno]] and the sources cited there.
[^3]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro's Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal,* TrineDay, 2010, acknowledgments (as described in later accounts; the text was not examined).
[^3]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro's Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal,* TrineDay, 2010, acknowledgments.

4
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Gregory McKain.md
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ tags:
- INSLAW
alias:
- Greg McKain
summary: "INSLAW programmer whom Jack Rugh of the Justice Department telephoned in February 1985 with a job offer and the word that the trustees expected INSLAW to be liquidated within sixty days, the call Judge Bason treated as evidence of a plan to convert the bankruptcy."
summary: "INSLAW programmer whom Jack Rugh of the Justice Department telephoned in February 1985 with a job offer, the call Judge Bason treated as evidence of a plan to convert the bankruptcy."
created: 2026-09-22
updated: 2026-09-22
---
@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ McKain reported the conversation to [[Bill Hamilton]], who was upset by it and h
### Footnotes
[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.,* March 1993, pp. 211-214. https://archive.org/details/InslawPROMISBuaReport
[^2]: *In re INSLAW, Inc.,* 88 B.R. 484 (Bankr. D.D.C. 1988). The opinion was not examined; the statements that McKain had worked on PROMIS from the start and Bason's findings on the call's business consequences rest on a reporter summary of it.
[^2]: *In re INSLAW, Inc.,* 88 B.R. 484 (Bankr. D.D.C. 1988).

4
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/James E. McDonald.md
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@ -101,6 +101,6 @@ The Tucson Daily Citizen of Monday, June 14, 1971 reported under the headline "U
[^5]: "James E. McDonald," Physics Today, vol. 24, no. 9 (September 1971), p. 71, https://aip.brightspotcdn.com/PTO.v24.i9.71_2.online.pdf (the notice's statement that he was a member of the National Academy of Sciences is not supported by the 1968 hearing biography, which lists membership on an Academy panel).
[^6]: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Department of Transportation and Related Agencies, Civil Supersonic Aircraft Development (SST), hearings, 92d Cong., 1st sess., March 1 to 4, 1971, testimony of Dr. James E. McDonald, Tuesday, March 2, 1971, pp. 299 to 337, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-92hhrg57453O/pdf/CHRG-92hhrg57453O.pdf (text extracted 2026-10-03; page numbers per the printed running heads).
[^7]: U.S. Congress, Joint Economic Committee, Federal Transportation Policy: The SST Again (1973), https://jec.senate.gov/reports/92nd%20Congress/Federal%20Transportation%20Policy%20-%20The%20SST%20Again%20(594).pdf
[^8]: "UA Physicist Found Dead In Desert," Tucson Daily Citizen (Tucson), June 14, 1971, p. 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/23335490/ (no byline; Arizona Republic copies of June 15 to 16, 1971 listed in search results were not read).
[^8]: "UA Physicist Found Dead In Desert," Tucson Daily Citizen (Tucson), June 14, 1971, p. 1, https://www.newspapers.com/image/23335490/ (no byline).
[^9]: Michael Swords, "James McDonald Collection," Sign Historical Group, 1999, https://web.archive.org/web/2023id_/https://www.project1947.com/shg/articles/jemcollection.html
[^10]: University of Arizona Libraries Special Collections, collections list, "James E. McDonald papers, MS 412," https://lib.arizona.edu/special-collections/collections/all/a-z/M?page=3 (as returned by a search summary; listing page not opened directly).
[^10]: University of Arizona Libraries Special Collections, collections list, "James E. McDonald papers, MS 412," https://lib.arizona.edu/special-collections/collections/all/a-z/M?page=3.

4
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Jimmy Hughes.md
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tags:
- Cabazon
- Wackenhut
- Honduras
summary: "Former security director of the Cabazon tribe's casino and bingo operations, later a missionary in Honduras, charged in 2009 with the 1981 murders of Fred Alvarez, Ralph Boger and Patricia Castro; the case was dismissed in 2010."
summary: "Former security director of the Cabazon tribe's casino and bingo operations, later a missionary in Honduras, charged in 2009 with the 1981 murders of Fred Alvarez, Ralph Boger and Patricia Castro; dismissed in 2010."
location:
- "Indio, California"
- "Honduras"
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Hughes joined the [[Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International]] in 198
### Footnotes
[^1]: "California authorities believe an unsolved 1981 triple murder was a hit job," Associated Press, September 2009 (Fox News mirror), citing the *Los Angeles Times* of 1985 (not examined) and state attorney general's spokesman Evan Westrup. https://www.foxnews.com/story/unsolved-1981-triple-murder-in-california-was-hit-job-authorities-say.amp ; "Authorities say triple tribe murder was hit job," Associated Press, September 2009. https://www.foxnews.com/story/authorities-triple-tribe-murder-was-hit-job.amp
[^1]: "California authorities believe an unsolved 1981 triple murder was a hit job," Associated Press, September 2009 (Fox News mirror), citing the *Los Angeles Times* of 1985 and state attorney general's spokesman Evan Westrup. https://www.foxnews.com/story/unsolved-1981-triple-murder-in-california-was-hit-job-authorities-say.amp ; "Authorities say triple tribe murder was hit job," Associated Press, September 2009. https://www.foxnews.com/story/authorities-triple-tribe-murder-was-hit-job.amp
[^2]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro's Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal.* TrineDay, 2010.
[^3]: "Jimmy Hughes Speaks To KESQ After Charges Dropped," KESQ News Channel 3, Palm Springs, July 2, 2010. https://kesq.com/news/2010/07/02/jimmy-hughes-speaks-to-kesq-after-charges-dropped/
[^4]: Taxin, Amy, with Jennifer Kay. "Arrest in 1981 tribal murders revives old mystery." Associated Press, in *The Press Democrat,* November 22, 2009. https://www.pressdemocrat.com/2009/11/22/arrest-in-1981-tribal-murders-revives-old-mystery/

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/John E. Mack.md
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@ -71,6 +71,6 @@ Dean [[Daniel C. Tosteson]] convened a "Special Faculty Committee" in the summer
[^6]: Rockefeller to Gibbons, April 26, 1994, http://www.paradigmresearchgroup.org/Rockefeller%20Documents/2-26-94%20LR%20Letter%20to%20JG/Letter.jpg; *CenterPiece*, February 1994, https://johnemackinstitute.org/CenterPiece_1994_0200.pdf.
[^7]: *PEER Perspectives* no. 2 (Winter 1998/99), p. 1, https://johnemackinstitute.org/PEER_Perspectives_2.pdf.
[^8]: Ben MacIntyre, "Harvard professor's stories of close encounters, other-world sex, embarrass university," *The San Francisco Examiner* (London *Times* credit), May 5, 1995, p. 16, https://www.newspapers.com/image/461595501/.
[^9]: "Harvard's Mack: The Subject Is Aliens," *Valley News* (West Lebanon, N.H.), May 20, 1995, p. 23, https://www.newspapers.com/image/833962083/. Byline not read.
[^9]: "Harvard's Mack: The Subject Is Aliens," *Valley News* (West Lebanon, N.H.), May 20, 1995, p. 23, https://www.newspapers.com/image/833962083/.
[^10]: "'Kooky' or not, Harvard won't censure its 'UFO professor'," Baltimore Sun, August 4, 1995, https://www.baltimoresun.com/1995/08/04/kooky-or-not-harvard-wont-censure-its-ufo-professor/.
[^11]: Arnold S. Relman, "The Motivation for the Mack Inquiry," Harvard Crimson, September 13, 1995, https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1995/9/13/the-motivation-for-the-mack-inquiry/.

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/John Van de Kamp.md
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@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ Three consecutive grand jury foremen and [[Ben Wagner]], an attorney representin
---
### Footnotes
[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro's Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal.* TrineDay, 2010. Sole source for the passages so cited. Contemporaneous reporting shows the Mariposa County district attorney, Bruce Eckerson, resisting the CHP's call to prosecute Sinclair for six months, not acting on the attorney general's instructions: "Highway Patrol's Crash investigation questioned," United Press International, September 25, 1983 (https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/09/25/Highway-Patrols-Crash-investigation-questioned/7300433310400/).
[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro's Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal.* TrineDay, 2010. Contemporaneous reporting shows the Mariposa County district attorney, Bruce Eckerson, resisting the CHP's call to prosecute Sinclair for six months, not acting on the attorney general's instructions: "Highway Patrol's Crash investigation questioned," United Press International, September 25, 1983 (https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/09/25/Highway-Patrols-Crash-investigation-questioned/7300433310400/). Sole source for the passages so cited.

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Julie Lejeune.md
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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ The parliamentary commission recorded that during the search of 128 rue de Phili
### Footnotes
[^1]: Dovey, S. *Eye of the Chickenhawk.* Thehotstar, 2023. Sole source for the passages so cited. Its November 1995 date for Weinstein's death sits uneasily with the commission's listing of him as a fugitive on December 13, 1995. Its dates for the abduction (July 9, 1995, from Charleroi) and for the discovery of the bodies (August 18, 1996) are contradicted by the commission's chronology and are not repeated here; it describes Nihoul's 2004 acquittal as "despite jury conviction," which the verdict does not bear out.
[^1]: Dovey, S. *Eye of the Chickenhawk.* Thehotstar, 2023. Its November 1995 date for Weinstein's death sits uneasily with the commission's listing of him as a fugitive on December 13, 1995. Its dates for the abduction (July 9, 1995, from Charleroi) and for the discovery of the bodies (August 18, 1996) are contradicted by the commission's chronology; it describes Nihoul's 2004 acquittal as "despite jury conviction," which the verdict does not bear out. Sole source for the passages so cited.
[^2]: Chambre des Représentants de Belgique. *Enquête parlementaire sur la manière dont l'enquête, dans ses volets policiers et judiciaires, a été menée dans l'affaire Dutroux-Nihoul et consorts,* rapport, Doc. 713/6-96/97, April 18, 1997, pp. 47-48, table 4 ("Julie et Mélissa, du 24 juin au 24 août 1995") and the chronology of August 1996; translated from the French. https://www.dekamer.be/FLWB/PDF/49/0713/49K0713006.pdf
[^3]: Planchar, Roland. "Arlon, 22 juin 2004, l'épilogue..." *La Libre Belgique,* June 22, 2005. https://www.lalibre.be/belgique/2005/06/22/arlon-22-juin-2004-lepilogue-BW2M2Z52HRFRFJL4PLKBLTDEHE/
[^4]: "Notorious child rapist-murderer convicted." NBC News and Associated Press, June 17, 2004. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna5233011

7
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Kenneth A. Kress.md
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@ -34,15 +34,14 @@ Kenneth A. Kress was a physicist in the CIA's [[CIA Office of Technical Service|
### SCANATE
The office had spent 874 dollars on a few days' work in August 1972 and 2,500 more before it "funded a $50,000 expanded effort in parapsychology" on October 1, 1972. Kress carried the project through the review of April and May 1973, when [[William Colby]] sent it to the Executive Management Committee and the matter went to the director, [[James Schlesinger]]; \"I was soon told not to increase the scope of the project,\" and into the joint program with the Office of Research and Development that began on February 1, 1974. He wrote that at one point "I began to have serious feelings of being involved with a fraud," and had the agency's computer office re-analyze the SRI random-number machine, finding "no evidence of nonrandomness." In July 1974 he designed the test of Pat Price against [[Semipalatinsk]], choosing "the tall crane and the four structures resembling oil well derricks" as the checks, and concluded that "as proof of remote viewing, the data are at best inconclusive." When the program was reviewed in 1975 he was "judged to be a positively biased advocate of paranormal functioning" and removed from evaluation; the research support was dropped as "not productive or even competent." An OTS memorandum of January 1975 nonetheless recorded "definite potential for operational application of paranormal abilities demonstrated by persons in the program," and a dissemination memorandum recommended that Kress, "as project officer of the SRI investigation," control who saw the reports.[^2][^3]
The office had spent 874 dollars on a few days' work in August 1972 and 2,500 more before it "funded a $50,000 expanded effort in parapsychology" on October 1, 1972. Kress carried the project through the review of April and May 1973, when [[William Colby]] sent it to the Executive Management Committee and the matter went to the director, [[James Schlesinger]]; \"I was soon told not to increase the scope of the project,\" and into the joint program with the Office of Research and Development that began on February 1, 1974. He wrote that at one point "I began to have serious feelings of being involved with a fraud," and had the agency's computer office re-analyze the SRI random-number machine, finding "no evidence of nonrandomness." In July 1974 he designed the test of Pat Price against [[Semipalatinsk]], choosing "the tall crane and the four structures resembling oil well derricks" as the checks, and concluded that "as proof of remote viewing, the data are at best inconclusive." When the program was reviewed in 1975 he was "judged to be a positively biased advocate of paranormal functioning" and removed from evaluation; the research support was dropped as "not productive or even competent."[^2]
### The Article
His review, "Parapsychology in Intelligence: A Personal Review and Conclusions," appeared in the classified *Studies in Intelligence* in the winter of 1977 and was declassified in 1996. It recorded the briefing of Director [[George H.W. Bush|George Bush]] in 1976, [[Stansfield Turner]]'s public acknowledgment of 1977, and the state of interest at DIA, DARPA, the Navy, and the Air Force, and ended: "This is not to say that parapsychology is a proven intelligence tool; it is to say that the evaluation is not yet complete and more research is needed." In a postscript of January 1999 for its reprinting he mentioned a later "secure line call from a person who identified himself as an FBI agent" and wrote: "Me, I remain a skeptical agnostic." Representative [[Charles Rose]] was briefed at OTS by its chief, [[David Brandwein]], on February 9, 1978.[^2][^4]
His review, "Parapsychology in Intelligence: A Personal Review and Conclusions," appeared in the classified *Studies in Intelligence* in the winter of 1977 and was declassified in 1996. It recorded the briefing of Director [[George H.W. Bush|George Bush]] in 1976, [[Stansfield Turner]]'s public acknowledgment of 1977, and the state of interest at DIA, DARPA, the Navy, and the Air Force, and ended: "This is not to say that parapsychology is a proven intelligence tool; it is to say that the evaluation is not yet complete and more research is needed." In a postscript of January 1999 for its reprinting he mentioned a later "secure line call from a person who identified himself as an FBI agent" and wrote: "Me, I remain a skeptical agnostic." Representative [[Charles Rose]] was briefed at OTS by its chief, [[David Brandwein]], on February 9, 1978.[^2][^3]
### Footnotes
[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
[^2]: Kress, Kenneth A. "Parapsychology in Intelligence: A Personal Review and Conclusions," *Studies in Intelligence,* vol. 21, no. 4, winter 1977, declassified, document NSA-RDP96X00790R000100010031-3; reprinted with the author's postscript of January 1999 in *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 13, no. 1, 1999.
[^3]: Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Technical Service, memoranda of January 1975 on the SRI project and on dissemination, CIA FOIA Reading Room, seen only in catalogue summaries; the documents themselves were not read.
[^4]: Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Legislative Counsel, "Briefing of Representative Charles Rose (D., N.C.), Member of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 9 February 1978," OLC 78-0576, CIA-RDP81M00980R000600250087-4, first page only.
[^3]: Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Legislative Counsel, "Briefing of Representative Charles Rose (D., N.C.), Member of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 9 February 1978," OLC 78-0576, CIA-RDP81M00980R000600250087-4, first page only.

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Leslie Kean.md
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@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ Kean has since covered the subject for the Times, sharing bylines with Blumentha
[^1]: Lewis-Kraus, Gideon. "How the Pentagon Started Taking U.F.O.s Seriously." *The New Yorker,* May 10, 2021. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/05/10/how-the-pentagon-started-taking-ufos-seriously. The date of the Reid correction and the July 2020 article are inferred from the text ("published last July") of a May 2021 piece.
[^2]: Same, on the 2002 PodestaMattoon engagement, Rothschild's introduction and Podesta's support of the lawsuit.
[^3]: Gibb, Tom. "Reality 'X-file': People in Kecksburg want to resolve what fell from the sky in 1965." *Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,* March 9, 2003, p. 21, via newspapers.com image 90896474. Quotations as printed; the jump on page B-2 was not read.
[^3]: Gibb, Tom. "Reality 'X-file': People in Kecksburg want to resolve what fell from the sky in 1965." *Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,* March 9, 2003, p. 21, via newspapers.com image 90896474. Quotations as printed.
[^4]: Baker, Nicholson. "How We Lost Our Minds About UFOs." *New York Magazine,* January 31, 2024. https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/leslie-kean-ufo-sightings-aliens.html
[^5]: Kloor, Keith. "The Media Loves This UFO Expert Who Says He Worked for an Obscure Pentagon Program. Did He?" *The Intercept,* June 1, 2019. https://theintercept.com/2019/06/01/ufo-unidentified-history-channel-luis-elizondo-pentagon/. Kloor does not name the organization or the venue of Kean's 2016 statement; his article is the only source read for it.

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Michel Lelievre.md
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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ The writer S. Dovey wrote that he was born in 1967, met Dutroux in 1995 through
### Footnotes
[^1]: Dovey, S. *Eye of the Chickenhawk.* Thehotstar, 2023. Sole source for the passages so cited. Its statements that his involvement began only after Dutroux's release in March 1996 and that he was paroled in 2005 are contradicted by his conviction for the August 1995 abduction of An Marchal and by his release in December 2019; its dates for the Dardenne abduction and Dutroux's arrest are contradicted by the commission's chronology.
[^1]: Dovey, S. *Eye of the Chickenhawk.* Thehotstar, 2023. Its statements that his involvement began only after Dutroux's release in March 1996 and that he was paroled in 2005 are contradicted by his conviction for the August 1995 abduction of An Marchal and by his release in December 2019; its dates for the Dardenne abduction and Dutroux's arrest are contradicted by the commission's chronology. Sole source for the passages so cited.
[^2]: Chambre des Représentants de Belgique. *Enquête parlementaire sur la manière dont l'enquête, dans ses volets policiers et judiciaires, a été menée dans l'affaire Dutroux-Nihoul et consorts,* rapport, Doc. 713/6-96/97, April 18, 1997, chronology of August 1996; translated from the French. https://www.dekamer.be/FLWB/PDF/49/0713/49K0713006.pdf
[^3]: Fleury, Elisabeth. "Le calvaire d'An et Eefje." *Le Parisien,* April 5, 2004. https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/le-calvaire-d-an-et-eefje-05-04-2004-2004887724.php
[^4]: "Notorious child rapist-murderer convicted." NBC News and Associated Press, June 17, 2004. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna5233011

4
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Mike Harari.md
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@ -33,6 +33,6 @@ Ben-Menashe's account of the sale of a modified [[PROMIS]] to [[Guatemala]] stat
### Footnotes
[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network,* Sheridan Square, 1992, chs. "The First Billion" and "Promis." https://archive.org/details/profits-of-war-1992-ari-ben-menashe
[^2]: "Ex-agent of the Mossad Implicated in Drug Deals with Panamanian," *Jewish Telegraphic Agency,* February 1988. https://www.jta.org/archive/ex-agent-of-the-mossad-implicated-in-drug-deals-with-panamanian The quotations attributed to the JTA were not found under that spelling in the printed hearing record. The subcommittee's report, *Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy,* December 1988, does not mention Harari.
[^3]: U.S. Department of Justice, *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua,* March 1993. Harari's birth and death dates, the Lillehammer role, his absence from the 1988 Noriega indictments, his departure from Panama in December 1989, the 2007 medal and the Klein biography are as given in obituary and press summaries not examined in full.
[^2]: "Ex-agent of the Mossad Implicated in Drug Deals with Panamanian," *Jewish Telegraphic Agency,* February 1988. https://www.jta.org/archive/ex-agent-of-the-mossad-implicated-in-drug-deals-with-panamanian The subcommittee's report, *Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy,* December 1988, does not mention Harari.
[^3]: U.S. Department of Justice, *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua,* March 1993. Harari's birth and death dates, the Lillehammer role, his absence from the 1988 Noriega indictments, his departure from Panama in December 1989, the 2007 medal and the Klein biography are as given in obituaries and press accounts.
[^4]: U.S. Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics, and International Communications. *Drugs, Law Enforcement, and Foreign Policy: Panama,* hearings, 100th Cong., 2nd sess., part 2, February 8-11, 1988, pp. 93-94 (February 9) and 169 (February 10). https://hdl.handle.net/2027/pur1.32754076926512

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Morris K. Jessup.md
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@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Barker acquired an original copy in 1971 from a friend of Jessup to whom Jessup
### Footnotes
[^1]: Morris K. Jessup, The Case for the UFO (New York: Citadel Press, 1955), catalog record, Internet Archive item caseforufo0000mkje (metadata: publisher Citadel, date 1955), https://archive.org/details/caseforufo0000mkje (lending copy, not read).
[^1]: Morris K. Jessup, The Case for the UFO (New York: Citadel Press, 1955), catalog record, Internet Archive item caseforufo0000mkje (metadata: publisher Citadel, date 1955), https://archive.org/details/caseforufo0000mkje.
[^2]: Gray Barker, preface dated July 1973, in the same volume, pp. 2 to 6. Barker identified a "confidential source" for the ONR routing and did not name it.
[^3]: Unsigned "Introduction" to the Annotated Edition, in the same volume, pp. 7 to 9; Barker's preface states that the original gives no information on its authorship. Sole source for the passages so cited as to the routing of the book through ONR and the identity of the officers named.
[^4]: "Appendix: The first letter received by Mr. Jessup from Carlos Allende," and "Days Later," in M. K. Jessup, The Case for the UFO, Varo Edition, transcribed by the Quantum Future Group, Castelnau-Barbarens, 2003, from the Saucerian Press facsimile of 1973, pp. 15 to 18, https://archive.org/details/THECASEFORTHEUFOVaroEditionM.K.Jessup (djvu text, reread 2026-10-03).

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/R.C. Horsch.md
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@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ On September 16, 2026, Deputy Police Commissioner [[Frank Vanore]] said that inv
[^72]: Rushing, Ellie, Barbara Laker, Ryan W. Briggs, and Max Marin. "Raymond Horsch was convicted of luring a 9-year-old girl to his car in 2009. Now those court records could be destroyed." *The Philadelphia Inquirer,* September 22, 2026. https://www.inquirer.com/crime/raymond-horsch-child-luring-kensington-records-expunged-20260922.html
[^73]: *United States v. Horsch,* No. 2:09-cr-00794-RBS (E.D. Pa.), filed December 15, 2009, terminated July 5, 2012; indictment (Doc. 1), motion and order for bench warrant signed by Magistrate Judge Elizabeth T. Hey (Doc. 2), notices of appearance of Jerome M. Brown (Docs. 5 and 7), docket via CourtListener RECAP. https://www.courtlistener.com/?q=Horsch&type=r&court=paed
[^74]: *United States v. Horsch,* No. 2:09-cr-00794-RBS (E.D. Pa.), superseding indictment of January 26, 2010, information under 21 U.S.C. sec. 851 of December 23, 2010, change of plea of January 10, 2011, judgments of June 28 and July 3, 2012, and final order of forfeiture of October 22, 2012, docket via CourtListener RECAP. https://www.courtlistener.com/?q=Horsch&type=r&court=paed
[^75]: The Inquirer article of September 22, 2026, and WPVI both give the federal sentence as 54 months; earlier sources give 53 months. The docket entries were not examined.
[^75]: The Inquirer article of September 22, 2026, and WPVI both give the federal sentence as 54 months; earlier sources give 53 months.
[^76]: "Hoersch, Helen M.," death notice, *The Philadelphia Inquirer,* April 7, 2004, p. B12. https://www.newspapers.com/image/201102740/
[^77]: "A woman missing since 2016 had close ties to the Olney house that's now the target of a massive investigation," *The Philadelphia Inquirer,* June 27, 2026. https://www.inquirer.com/news/olney-raid-missing-women-mystery-drugs-20260627.html
[^78]: "What we know about the Olney investigation into missing women," *The Philadelphia Inquirer,* June 27, 2026 (which calls Helen M. Hoersch his sister; her 1991 and 2004 notices make her his aunt). https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/olney-investigation-eugene-horsch-missing-women-20260627.html

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Raúl Iturriaga Neumann.md
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@ -44,5 +44,5 @@ Iturriaga briefed Townley on the mission against [[Orlando Letelier]] in 1976 an
[^2]: Branch, Taylor, and Eugene M. Propper. *Labyrinth*. Viking, 1982, pp. 303, 464.
[^3]: Fiscalía Militar Ad-Hoc, Santiago, causa 192-78 (fiscal Héctor Orozco), as reproduced in *Proceso contra Manuel Contreras Sepúlveda y Pedro Espinoza Bravo,* ministro instructor Adolfo Bañados, tomo 1, scan at https://www.latinamericanstudies.org/MNC/Causa-Contreras-Espinoza-1991.pdf. Quotations translated from the Spanish, declaraciones of Michael Vernon Townley Welch (March 29, 1978) and Pedro Espinoza Bravo (April 24, 1978); resolution of April 10, 1978.
[^4]: Fiscalía Militar Ad-Hoc, Santiago, causa 192-78, as reproduced in *Proceso contra Manuel Contreras Sepúlveda y Pedro Espinoza Bravo,* ministro instructor Adolfo Bañados, tomo 1, scan at https://www.latinamericanstudies.org/MNC/Causa-Contreras-Espinoza-1991.pdf. Quotations translated from the Spanish, declaraciones of Raúl Eduardo Iturriaga Neumann, April 1 and June 1, 1978.
[^5]: Chilean press reports of the 2010 judgments of Judge Alejandro Solís and the Supreme Court and of the 2022 court resolution on DINA's exterior department (La Tercera, CNN Chile, El Mostrador), not read in full.
[^5]: Chilean press reports of the 2010 judgments of Judge Alejandro Solís and the Supreme Court and of the 2022 court resolution on DINA's exterior department (La Tercera, CNN Chile, El Mostrador).
[^6]: Kornbluh, Peter. "A Modicum of Justice for Ronni Karpen Moffitt," *The Nation,* September 2026.

9
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Regina Louf.md
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Regina Louf, born in Ghent in 1969, was the witness known as X1 in the investiga
### Her Account
She was questioned at length thirteen times under the code name X1. She summarized her family background in two sentences: "My mother was abused by her father, a police commissioner in Knokke. I was rented out by my mother, with my father's knowledge."[^5] Louf said that from early childhood she had been prostituted by her grandmother, [[Cecile Beernaert]], at a villa in [[Knokke-Heist]] near the [[Royal Zoute Golf Club]], that at about twelve she was handed to a pimp, [[Tony Van den Boggaert|Tony Van den Bogaert]], who took her to parties in Brussels attended by [[Jean-Michel Nihoul]], and that the parties moved from sex to torture and murder. Among those she named as clients or participants were the former prime minister [[Paul Vanden Boeynants]] and members of the Lippens family, [[Count Leopold Lippens]] and [[Count Maurice Auguste Lippens]]. She said she had witnessed the 1984 murder of [[Christine Van Hees]] in the abandoned mushroom farm at Auderghem, naming Dutroux, Nihoul, [[Bernard Weinstein]] and the lawyer [[Michel Vander Elst]], and the 1983 death of [[Carine Dellaert]] after childbirth. She described a factory site that investigators connected to [[ASCO Industries NV]], a villa at Faulx-les-Tombes and parties on the Avenue Louise.[^2] She published her account as *Zwijgen is voor daders* in 1998.[^2]
She was questioned at length thirteen times under the code name X1. She summarized her family background in two sentences: "My mother was abused by her father, a police commissioner in Knokke. I was rented out by my mother, with my father's knowledge."[^2] Louf said that from early childhood she had been prostituted by her grandmother, [[Cecile Beernaert]], at a villa in [[Knokke-Heist]] near the [[Royal Zoute Golf Club]], that at about twelve she was handed to a pimp, [[Tony Van den Boggaert|Tony Van den Bogaert]], who took her to parties in Brussels attended by [[Jean-Michel Nihoul]], and that the parties moved from sex to torture and murder. Among those she named as clients or participants were the former prime minister [[Paul Vanden Boeynants]] and members of the Lippens family, [[Count Leopold Lippens]] and [[Count Maurice Auguste Lippens]]. She said she had witnessed the 1984 murder of [[Christine Van Hees]] in the abandoned mushroom farm at Auderghem, naming Dutroux, Nihoul, [[Bernard Weinstein]] and the lawyer [[Michel Vander Elst]], and the 1983 death of [[Carine Dellaert]] after childbirth. She described a factory site that investigators connected to [[ASCO Industries NV]], a villa at Faulx-les-Tombes and parties on the Avenue Louise.[^3] She published her account as *Zwijgen is voor daders* in 1998.[^3]
### The Investigation of Her Testimony
@ -33,12 +33,11 @@ Her account of Van Hees led the Brussels gendarme Aimé Bille to the unsolved fi
After Connerotte was removed from the Dutroux case in October 1996 and replaced by Judge Jacques Langlois, the cell came under a Mr. Duterme, who from April 1997 had De Baets's colleagues reread the interviews and report on her credibility and on possible manipulation by De Baets's team; the first report, very negative for De Baets, "totally lacked credibility," and a second was ordered. In the summer of 1997 Langlois ordered a complete rereading of all the related files and removed De Baets and Bille from the investigation. A criminal investigation of the two gendarmes by Judge Pignolet was dropped and a gendarmerie disciplinary inquiry acquitted them completely; they then filed more than eighty complaints alleging that reports in the rereading had been falsified.[^1]
In January 1998 Louf gave up her anonymity, in part to protest the stalling of the inquiry, amid a press campaign against her fed by leaks from police and judicial circles. On April 23, 1998, the day Dutroux briefly escaped, the prosecutors-general of Antwerp, Ghent and Brussels decided that "no proof could be found that Regina Louf could make any contribution whatsoever to these investigations" and closed the related files. The same day, in a confrontation with Louf, the man described as her "so-called protector" admitted that he had had sex with her when she was twelve, with her parents' knowledge, and had once lent her to others; the admission was not pursued, the acts being time-barred.[^1] Her parents had told police that a family friend in his forties, Tony Van den Bogaert, had a key to their home and unlimited access to their twelve-year-old daughter, and he admitted his relationship with her to police; the RTBF program *Au Nom de la Loi* presented the parents as victims of a fantasist without mentioning either admission.[^4] The Van Hees case was closed unsolved in 2014 under the statute of limitations.[^3]
In January 1998 Louf gave up her anonymity, in part to protest the stalling of the inquiry, amid a press campaign against her fed by leaks from police and judicial circles. On April 23, 1998, the day Dutroux briefly escaped, the prosecutors-general of Antwerp, Ghent and Brussels decided that "no proof could be found that Regina Louf could make any contribution whatsoever to these investigations" and closed the related files. The same day, in a confrontation with Louf, the man described as her "so-called protector" admitted that he had had sex with her when she was twelve, with her parents' knowledge, and had once lent her to others; the admission was not pursued, the acts being time-barred.[^1] Her parents had told police that a family friend in his forties, Tony Van den Bogaert, had a key to their home and unlimited access to their twelve-year-old daughter, and he admitted his relationship with her to police; the RTBF program *Au Nom de la Loi* presented the parents as victims of a fantasist without mentioning either admission.[^4]
### Footnotes
[^1]: Sénat de Belgique. Proposition visant à instituer une commission d'enquête parlementaire chargée d'enquêter sur l'éloignement de deux enquêteurs de la cellule d'enquête bruxelloise « Neufchâteau », déposée par M. Frans Lozie, Doc. 2-563/1, October 9, 2000, développements. https://www.senate.be
[^2]: Dovey, S. *Eye of the Chickenhawk.* Thehotstar, 2023. Sole source for the passages so cited; the underlying accounts are Louf, Regina, *Zwijgen is voor daders* (1998), and Bulté, Annemie, Douglas De Coninck and Marie-Jeanne Van Heeswyck, *De X-dossiers: wat België niet mocht weten over de zaak-Dutroux* (Houtekiet, 1999), neither of which was seen.
[^3]: "On ne percera pas le mystère de la champignonnière." *La Libre Belgique,* January 30, 2014 (not examined; reported in search summaries of the article).
[^2]: Smoltczyk, Alexander. "Im Netz der Dossiers." *Der Spiegel,* no. 42/2001, October 14, 2001; translated from the German. https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/im-netz-der-dossiers-a-c9fe5b47-0002-0001-0000-000020353850
[^3]: Dovey, S. *Eye of the Chickenhawk.* Thehotstar, 2023. Sole source for the passages so cited; the underlying accounts are Louf, Regina, *Zwijgen is voor daders* (1998), and Bulté, Annemie, Douglas De Coninck and Marie-Jeanne Van Heeswyck, *De X-dossiers: wat België niet mocht weten over de zaak-Dutroux* (Houtekiet, 1999), neither of which was seen.
[^4]: Frenkiel, Olenka. "Belgium's silent heart of darkness." *The Observer,* May 5, 2002. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/05/dutroux.featuresreview
[^5]: Smoltczyk, Alexander. "Im Netz der Dossiers." *Der Spiegel,* no. 42/2001, October 14, 2001; translated from the German. https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/im-netz-der-dossiers-a-c9fe5b47-0002-0001-0000-000020353850

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Ricardo Morales Navarrete.md
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@ -38,4 +38,4 @@ An FBI source reported in December 1977 that Morales, back in Miami, was the go-
[^3]: Fiscalía Militar Ad-Hoc, Santiago, causa 192-78 (fiscal Héctor Orozco), as reproduced in *Proceso contra Manuel Contreras Sepúlveda y Pedro Espinoza Bravo,* ministro instructor Adolfo Bañados, tomo 1, scan at https://www.latinamericanstudies.org/MNC/Causa-Contreras-Espinoza-1991.pdf. Quotations translated from the Spanish, declaración of Michael Vernon Townley Welch, March 29, 1978.
[^4]: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Miami, file 2-471, "CORU," August 16, 1978. National Security Archive, Electronic Briefing Book 153, document 13.
[^5]: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Miami, file 2-471, "Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations (CORU)," January 24, 1977. National Security Archive, Electronic Briefing Book 153, document 12.
[^6]: Deposition of Ricardo Morales Navarrete, Dade County Circuit Court, criminal case 81-17247, index; death date from press accounts, not read in full.
[^6]: Deposition of Ricardo Morales Navarrete, Dade County Circuit Court, criminal case 81-17247, index; death date from press accounts.

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Richard Halvorsen.md
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@ -36,6 +36,6 @@ The writer S. Dovey wrote that the case broke when film found in a malfunctionin
### Footnotes
[^1]: Dovey, S. *Eye of the Chickenhawk.* Thehotstar, 2023. Sole source for the passages so cited. It spells the assistant scoutmaster "Harry O'Cramer"; the hearing record and Louisiana Supreme Court captions give Harry O. Cramer. Robert Lang does not appear in the 1977 hearing record.
[^1]: Dovey, S. *Eye of the Chickenhawk.* Thehotstar, 2023. It spells the assistant scoutmaster "Harry O'Cramer"; the hearing record and Louisiana Supreme Court captions give Harry O. Cramer. Robert Lang does not appear in the 1977 hearing record. Sole source for the passages so cited.
[^2]: Wright, Marilyn. *Traverse City Record-Eagle,* 1976-1977, and *Chicago Tribune,* May 1977, both reprinted in U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime. *Sexual Exploitation of Children,* hearings, 95th Congress, 1st session, Serial No. 12, 1977, pp. 439-443; the Tribune piece also in U.S. Senate, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee to Investigate Juvenile Delinquency. *Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation,* hearings, 1977. https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153502_0041
[^3]: *State ex rel. Halvorsen v. Blackburn* (La. 1980) and *State ex rel. Halvorsen v. Maggio* (La. 1982), Louisiana Supreme Court, CourtListener case captions.

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Richard Kammann.md
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@ -19,6 +19,6 @@ He was a fellow of the [[Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of
### Footnotes
[^1]: Marks, David, and Richard Kammann. "Information transmission in remote viewing experiments." *Nature,* vol. 274, August 17, 1978, pp. 680-681, received July 2, 1977, accepted May 31, 1978. https://www.nature.com/articles/274680a0 (abstract and dates only; the text is behind a paywall).
[^1]: Marks, David, and Richard Kammann. "Information transmission in remote viewing experiments." *Nature,* vol. 274, August 17, 1978, pp. 680-681, received July 2, 1977, accepted May 31, 1978. https://www.nature.com/articles/274680a0.
[^2]: Marks, David, and Richard Kammann. *The Psychology of the Psychic.* Buffalo: Prometheus Books, 1980, pp. 12-41, 129, 151, 177, 185, read through the archive.org search index of the item psychologyofpsyc0000mark_j8m3 (page fragments only).
[^3]: Lippard, Jim, editorial note to Kammann, Richard, "Statistical Numerology in the Skeptics' Response to the Mars Effect," *Zetetic Scholar,* no. 10, December 1982, pp. 50-65, reprinted at discord.org/lippard/kammann.html (Wayback Machine copy); University of Otago, "Wellbeing at heart of annual prize" (Wayback Machine copy); Kammann, R., M. Farry and P. Herbison, "The analysis and measurement of happiness as a sense of well-being," *Social Indicators Research,* vol. 15, 1984, pp. 91-115; Howard, Bernard, "Ah Yes! I Remember It Well," NZ Skeptics, February 1, 1999, and "A Classic Updated," February 1, 2002, articles.skeptics.nz; Skeptical Inquirer author page for David F. Marks, skepticalinquirer.org/authors/david-f-marks/; MARC record of the archive.org item psychologyofpsyc0000mark_j8m3 ("Kammann, Richard, 1934-1984").

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Richard Kennett.md
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@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ The released CIA collection on the program carries no legible mention of Kennett
### Footnotes
[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
[^2]: The archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection, about 13,000 items under the identifiers cia-rdp96-*, searched by title and OCR text; the OCR is imperfect and some fifty items could not be read.
[^2]: The archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection, about 13,000 items under the identifiers cia-rdp96-*, searched by title and OCR text.

4
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Tom McNear.md
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ tags:
- PSI
- Stargate
- 1980s
summary: "Tom McNear was a U.S. Army military intelligence captain who became one of the first two soldiers trained by Ingo Swann in Coordinate Remote Viewing beginning in 1981, authored the 1985 DoD CRV manual declassified in 2000, and was assessed by Swann as surpassing his own abilities before requesting transfer from the Fort Meade unit."
summary: "U.S. Army military intelligence captain who became one of the first two soldiers trained by Ingo Swann in Coordinate Remote Viewing in 1981 and authored the 1985 DoD CRV manual declassified in 2000."
---
Tom McNear was a Captain in military intelligence and one of the two original [[Ingo Swann]] trainees in [[Coordinate Remote Viewing|CRV]], starting in 1981. He immediately showed considerable talent in remote viewing, though his training progressed slowly[^1].
@ -30,4 +30,4 @@ The released CIA collection on the program carries no legible mention of McNear.
### Footnotes
[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
[^900]: The archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection, about 13,000 items under the identifiers cia-rdp96-*, searched by title and OCR text; the OCR is imperfect and some fifty items could not be read.
[^900]: The archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection, about 13,000 items under the identifiers cia-rdp96-*, searched by title and OCR text.

2
10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Walter LaBerge.md
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@ -20,5 +20,5 @@ Puthoff's letter to Gale of August 3, 1979, enclosed copies of SRI's procedures
### Footnotes
[^1]: Davis, Ruth M., Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (Research and Advanced Technology), memorandum for Dr. Jack Vorona, "'Remote Viewing' Project," November 20, 1978, with the letter of Charlie Rose, Chairman, Subcommittee on Evaluation, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, to Davis, October 25, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00787R000500240017-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 27 November 1979," S-1168/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1, and "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 10 January 1980," S-1008/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1, both signed Jack Vorona, chairman. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Stoner, William L., Major, GS, "Memorandum of Conversation, Subject: Gale Briefing to ZA, Science Evaluation Group Final Report on GRILL FLAME, 14 Jan 80," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230017-7. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Gale, M., "Distribution of GRILL FLAME Reports," memorandum for Major Stoner, ACSI, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Research, Development and Acquisition, January 25, 1980, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230023-0; three CIA Reading Room items of February 13, 1980, are titled "Scientific Evaluation Committee (SEC) Grill Flame Report, Dated November 1979" (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000250025-7, R001100080007-6, R001200230026-7), not read. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
[^1]: Davis, Ruth M., Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (Research and Advanced Technology), memorandum for Dr. Jack Vorona, "'Remote Viewing' Project," November 20, 1978, with the letter of Charlie Rose, Chairman, Subcommittee on Evaluation, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, to Davis, October 25, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00787R000500240017-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 27 November 1979," S-1168/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1, and "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 10 January 1980," S-1008/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1, both signed Jack Vorona, chairman. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Stoner, William L., Major, GS, "Memorandum of Conversation, Subject: Gale Briefing to ZA, Science Evaluation Group Final Report on GRILL FLAME, 14 Jan 80," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230017-7. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Gale, M., "Distribution of GRILL FLAME Reports," memorandum for Major Stoner, ACSI, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Research, Development and Acquisition, January 25, 1980, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230023-0; three CIA Reading Room items of February 13, 1980, are titled "Scientific Evaluation Committee (SEC) Grill Flame Report, Dated November 1979" (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000250025-7, R001100080007-6, R001200230026-7). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
[^2]: Puthoff, H. E., to Manfred Gale, "SRI/Gale Committee Meeting of 24-25 July," August 3, 1979, with the enclosure "Standard Remote Viewing (RV) Procedures: Local Sites," by H. E. Puthoff, R. Targ and E. C. May, August 1979, CIA-RDP96-00787R000100060001-6 (memorandum alone at CIA-RDP96-00788R002000240028-5). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Puthoff, H. E., R. Targ and E. C. May, Radio Physics Laboratory, SRI International, to Walter B. LaBerge, Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, March 19, 1980, SRI 0-4132, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230031-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.