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20 - ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/INTERNATIONAL/Old Bailey.md
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@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ David Copeland, the London nail bomber, was convicted at the Old Bailey on June
### Footnotes
[^1]: City of London Corporation, "Central Criminal Court." https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/about-us/law-historic-governance/central-criminal-court
[^2]: Central Criminal Court Act 1834, 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 36, legislation.gov.uk record (text not examined). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Will4/4-5/36/contents
[^2]: Central Criminal Court Act 1834, 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 36, legislation.gov.uk record. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Will4/4-5/36/contents
[^3]: Weiner, Tim. *Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA.* Doubleday, 2007; Murphy, David E., Sergei A. Kondrashev, and George Bailey. *Battleground Berlin: CIA vs. KGB in the Cold War.* Yale University Press, 1997.
[^4]: Gonzalez, Henry B. "Details on Iraq's Procurement Network," *Congressional Record,* House, August 10, 1992. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/congress/1992_cr/h920810g.htm
[^5]: "Britain's 'Iraqgate': Major Woes," *The Christian Science Monitor,* November 12, 1992.

4
20 - ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/USA/Executive Office for United States Attorneys.md
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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ tags:
alias:
- EOUSA
- Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys
summary: "The Justice Department office that supervises the U.S. Attorneys, which signed INSLAW's 1982 PROMIS contract and whose project staff, Brewer, Videnieks and Rugh, ran the dispute that Judge Bason found was a scheme to take the software by fraud."
summary: "Justice Department office supervising the U.S. Attorneys, which signed INSLAW's 1982 PROMIS contract and whose staff, Brewer, Videnieks and Rugh, ran the dispute Judge Bason found to be a scheme to take the software."
start: 1953
location: "Washington, D.C."
created: 2026-09-22
@ -24,6 +24,6 @@ In March 1982 [[INSLAW]] signed a three-year, ten-million-dollar contract with t
### Footnotes
[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice, *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua,* March 1993, p. 186 (Moscato "now Acting Director of EOUSA"). The 1953 order, the list of duties (Justice Manual, Title 3) and the succession of directors other than Moscato are as given in reference summaries of the office; the Justice Manual and the *United States Government Manual* entries were not examined.
[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice, *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua,* March 1993, p. 186 (Moscato "now Acting Director of EOUSA"). The 1953 order, the list of duties (Justice Manual, Title 3) and the succession of directors other than Moscato are as given in reference summaries of the office.
[^2]: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary. *The INSLAW Affair,* H. Rept. 102-857, September 10, 1992. https://archive.org/details/InslawAffairInvestigativeReport
[^3]: U.S. Department of Justice. *Report of Special Counsel Nicholas J. Bua to the Attorney General of the United States Regarding the Allegations of Inslaw, Inc.,* March 1993, pp. 185-186, 211-214. https://archive.org/details/InslawPROMISBuaReport

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20 - ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/USA/Foreign Technology Division.md
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@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ relations:
start: 1961
end: 1969-12-17
role: "named in Air Force Regulation 80-17 of September 19, 1966 as the unit supporting and analyzing Project Blue Book"
fn: 5
fn: 8
- type: contractor_to
with: "[[Battelle Memorial Institute]]"
reverse: true
start: 1951-12
role: "scientific support contract for UFO reports under the Air Technical Intelligence Center (Project Bear, Project Stork)"
fn: 8
fn: 5
created: 2026-10-03
updated: 2026-10-03
---
@ -59,25 +59,37 @@ On May 21, 1951 the Air Force established the [[Air Technical Intelligence Cente
### Blue Book and the contractors
[[Project Grudge]] and [[Project Blue Book]], the Air Force's UFO reporting projects, ran at ATIC under [[Edward J. Ruppelt]]. In December 1951 Ruppelt arranged a contract with an unnamed Midwestern research organization (the [[Battelle Memorial Institute]]) to provide scientists, a questionnaire and a punch-card statistical study; its product, Special Report No. 14, was issued in May 1955 under ATIC's cover.[^3][^4] The memorandum on the [[Robertson Panel]] of February 16, 1953 lists among the evidence presented "Progress Reports of Project STORK (code name for Battelle Memorial Institute contract work supporting ATIC)."[^8] The [[Department of Defense]]'s [[All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office]] calls this contract "Project BEAR (Late 1951 to Late 1954)" and states that the contractor's report was released "under the cover of ATIC to maintain its anonymity."[^4] On February 15, 1954 Lieutenant General [[Donald L. Putt]], signing as "Commander," forwarded to the ATIC commander, Colonel [[George L. Wertenbaker]], a report on a December 16, 1953 sighting by the [[Lockheed Aircraft Company|Lockheed]] chief engineer [[Kelly Johnson]] and Lockheed flight test personnel, writing that the report "was handed to me by Lockheed personnel with the explanation that Mr. Johnson was most reluctant to write the report in the first place and then refused to forward it on to you"; the Blue Book file for the case contains only that report and a record card reading "lenticular cloud" (see [[Lockheed Skunk Works]]).[^6] A [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] memorandum of October 11, 1960 describes the Battelle repository called Project White Stork as concentrating "on subjects of interest to the Air Force's Aerospace Technical Intelligence Center at Wright-Patterson Field," and records that the Agency's [[Office of Scientific Intelligence]] was considering funding it.[^7]
[[Project Grudge]] and [[Project Blue Book]], the Air Force's UFO reporting projects, ran at ATIC under [[Edward J. Ruppelt]]. In December 1951 Ruppelt arranged a contract with an unnamed Midwestern research organization (the [[Battelle Memorial Institute]]) to provide scientists, a questionnaire and a punch-card statistical study; its product, Special Report No. 14, was issued in May 1955 under ATIC's cover.[^3][^4] The memorandum on the [[Robertson Panel]] of February 16, 1953 lists among the evidence presented "Progress Reports of Project STORK (code name for Battelle Memorial Institute contract work supporting ATIC)."[^5] The [[Department of Defense]]'s [[All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office]] calls this contract "Project BEAR (Late 1951 to Late 1954)" and states that the contractor's report was released "under the cover of ATIC to maintain its anonymity."[^4] On February 15, 1954 Lieutenant General [[Donald L. Putt]], signing as "Commander," forwarded to the ATIC commander, Colonel [[George L. Wertenbaker]], a report on a December 16, 1953 sighting by the [[Lockheed Aircraft Company|Lockheed]] chief engineer [[Kelly Johnson]] and Lockheed flight test personnel, writing that the report "was handed to me by Lockheed personnel with the explanation that Mr. Johnson was most reluctant to write the report in the first place and then refused to forward it on to you"; the Blue Book file for the case contains only that report and a record card reading "lenticular cloud" (see [[Lockheed Skunk Works]]).[^6] A [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] memorandum of October 11, 1960 describes the Battelle repository called Project White Stork as concentrating "on subjects of interest to the Air Force's Aerospace Technical Intelligence Center at Wright-Patterson Field," and records that the Agency's [[Office of Scientific Intelligence]] was considering funding it.[^7]
### The Foreign Technology Division in the 1966 regulation and review
Air Force Regulation 80-17 of September 19, 1966 provides that "The Air Force Systems Command will support the program with current resources within the Foreign Technology Division (FTD) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, to continue the Project Blue Book effort." Base commanders were to investigate each sighting, with the exception that "FTD at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, independently or with the help of pertinent Air Force activities, may conduct any other investigation." FTD was to "Analyze and evaluate all information and evidence reported to bases on those UFOs which are not identified at the base level," to "Use other Government agencies, private industrial companies, and contractor personnel to assist in analyzing and evaluating UFO reports, as necessary," and to "prepare a final case report on each sighting reported to it," sending significant findings to Systems Command at [[Andrews Air Force Base]] and from there to Air Force headquarters.[^5] The [[Air Force Scientific Advisory Board]]'s ad hoc committee under [[Brian O'Brien]], which met on February 3, 1966 and included [[Carl Sagan]], heard briefings from "the AFSC Foreign Technology Division, which is the cognizant Air Force agency that collates information on UFO sightings and monitors investigations of individual cases"; the memorandum of September 28, 1965 by Major General [[E. B. LeBailly]] that requested the review records a determination by the Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations that FTD "should continue to exercise its presently assigned responsibilities concerning UFOs," and the committee's distribution list includes the Commander of FTD.[^9] AARO's 2024 report dates the O'Brien Committee to 1964.[^4]
Air Force Regulation 80-17 of September 19, 1966 provides that "The Air Force Systems Command will support the program with current resources within the Foreign Technology Division (FTD) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, to continue the Project Blue Book effort." Base commanders were to investigate each sighting, with the exception that "FTD at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, independently or with the help of pertinent Air Force activities, may conduct any other investigation." FTD was to "Analyze and evaluate all information and evidence reported to bases on those UFOs which are not identified at the base level," to "Use other Government agencies, private industrial companies, and contractor personnel to assist in analyzing and evaluating UFO reports, as necessary," and to "prepare a final case report on each sighting reported to it," sending significant findings to Systems Command at [[Andrews Air Force Base]] and from there to Air Force headquarters.[^8] The [[Air Force Scientific Advisory Board]]'s ad hoc committee under [[Brian O'Brien]], which met on February 3, 1966 and included [[Carl Sagan]], heard briefings from "the AFSC Foreign Technology Division, which is the cognizant Air Force agency that collates information on UFO sightings and monitors investigations of individual cases"; the memorandum of September 28, 1965 by Major General [[E. B. LeBailly]] that requested the review records a determination by the Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations that FTD "should continue to exercise its presently assigned responsibilities concerning UFOs," and the committee's distribution list includes the Commander of FTD.[^9] AARO's 2024 report dates the O'Brien Committee to 1964.[^4]
The [[Condon Committee]]'s bibliography cites an English translation of a Russian conference on the twinkling of stars prepared by the "Translation Services Branch Foreign Technology Division, WP-AFB, Ohio."[^10] [[J. Allen Hynek|Hynek]]'s 1969 correspondence with the FTD commander and his consultancy to the division from 1970 are described on the page for J. Allen Hynek.
### The Ufimtsev translation
[[Ben Rich]] wrote in his 1994 memoir that in 1975, after a July [[Pentagon]] briefing on Soviet air defenses, his mathematician [[Denys Overholser]] found, in a paper by the Soviet scientist [[Pyotr Ufimtsev]] titled "Method of Edge Waves in the Physical Theory of Diffraction," a method of calculating the radar cross section of a shape, and that the paper "had only recently been translated by the Air Force Foreign Technology Division from the original Russian language." Rich wrote that Overholser admitted the paper was "so obtuse and impenetrable that only a nerd's nerd would have waded through it all," and that Ufimtsev "had provided us with an 'industrial-strength' theory" for the faceted [[F-117 Nighthawk|F-117]] design.[^13]
[[Ben Rich]] wrote in his 1994 memoir that in 1975, after a July [[Pentagon]] briefing on Soviet air defenses, his mathematician [[Denys Overholser]] found, in a paper by the Soviet scientist [[Pyotr Ufimtsev]] titled "Method of Edge Waves in the Physical Theory of Diffraction," a method of calculating the radar cross section of a shape, and that the paper "had only recently been translated by the Air Force Foreign Technology Division from the original Russian language." Rich wrote that Overholser admitted the paper was "so obtuse and impenetrable that only a nerd's nerd would have waded through it all," and that Ufimtsev "had provided us with an 'industrial-strength' theory" for the faceted [[F-117 Nighthawk|F-117]] design.[^11]
### After Blue Book
An Air Force memorandum of October 20, 1969 signed by Brigadier General [[C. H. Bolender]] recommending Blue Book's termination stated that "reports of unidentified flying objects which could affect national security are made in accordance with [[JANAP 146]] or [[Air Force Manual 55-11]], and are not part of the Blue Book system," as the reporter [[Billy Cox]] quoted it in 2015.[^11] Secretary of the Air Force [[Robert C. Seamans Jr.]] announced the termination of Blue Book on December 17, 1969.[^4] [[Dale Graff]], a civilian scientist at FTD, later managed remote viewing taskings for the [[Stargate Project]] from Wright-Patterson (see his page).
An Air Force memorandum of October 20, 1969 signed by Brigadier General [[C. H. Bolender]] recommending Blue Book's termination stated that "reports of unidentified flying objects which could affect national security are made in accordance with [[JANAP 146]] or [[Air Force Manual 55-11]], and are not part of the Blue Book system," as the reporter [[Billy Cox]] quoted it in 2015.[^12] Secretary of the Air Force [[Robert C. Seamans Jr.]] announced the termination of Blue Book on December 17, 1969.[^4] [[Dale Graff]], a civilian scientist at FTD, later managed remote viewing taskings for the [[Stargate Project]] from Wright-Patterson (see his page).
### Foreign materiel exploitation and the reverse engineering allegations
Notes attributed to the physicist [[Eric Davis]] of October 16, 2002 record Vice Admiral [[Thomas R. Wilson]] saying that when program managers told him in June 1997 that they ran "a reverse engineering program" he first thought they meant "recovered Soviet/Chinese, etc. hardware ... like a missile or intell platform or aircraft" and "actually came to meeting expecting to find a sensitive foreign collection and reverse engineering operation," with "UFOs" used as a cover for that; the notes have him adding that the managers "said they weren't that either." Wilson told the [[Sarasota Herald-Tribune]] in 2020 that the notes were "all fiction."[^12] The Foreign Technology Division's recorded mission after 1961 was the exploitation of captured foreign aircraft and the evaluation of Soviet systems.[^2] AARO's report states that "AARO found no empirical evidence for claims that the USG and private companies have been reverse-engineering extraterrestrial technology."[^4]
Notes attributed to the physicist [[Eric Davis]] of October 16, 2002 record Vice Admiral [[Thomas R. Wilson]] saying that when program managers told him in June 1997 that they ran "a reverse engineering program" he first thought they meant "recovered Soviet/Chinese, etc. hardware ... like a missile or intell platform or aircraft" and "actually came to meeting expecting to find a sensitive foreign collection and reverse engineering operation," with "UFOs" used as a cover for that; the notes have him adding that the managers "said they weren't that either." Wilson told the [[Sarasota Herald-Tribune]] in 2020 that the notes were "all fiction."[^13] The Foreign Technology Division's recorded mission after 1961 was the exploitation of captured foreign aircraft and the evaluation of Soviet systems.[^2] AARO's report states that "AARO found no empirical evidence for claims that the USG and private companies have been reverse-engineering extraterrestrial technology."[^4]
### Advisory and assistance contractors, 2025 to 2026
A presolicitation posted on SAM.gov on April 10, 2025 describes the Advisory Support and Technical Requirement Administration (ASTRA) as "a five (5) year MAC IDIQ contract for Advisory & Assistance Services (A&AS) capabilities to provide a broad range of professional support to the National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) Scientific and Technical Intelligence analysis mission."[^14] The solicitation, FA860425RB017, states that ASTRA contractor personnel "shall augment the NASIC workforce by providing support for the production of technical intelligence through collection, analysis, planning, processing, dissemination, archiving, and associated activities for NASIC, the USAF, the DoD, and National Level intelligence efforts."[^15] On May 6, 2026 the Department of Defense announced that [[Apogee Engineering]] (FA8604-26-D-B003), [[KBR Wyle Services]] (FA8604-26-D-B009), [[Riverside Research Institute]] (FA8604-26-D-B005) and [[Systems Planning and Analysis]] (FA8604-26-D-B006) "were awarded an $866,000,000 ceiling, multiple-award, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract for advisory and assistance services" for the center, with work "performed at Dayton, Ohio" and completion expected "by June 30, 2034."[^16] The awards of [[Radiance Technologies]] for the center are recorded on its own page under other contract vehicles.
On June 8, 2026 [[WiSC Enterprises]] posted a position at Wright-Patterson to "support intelligence and defense operations at the National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC)" in "Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT), Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT), Foreign Materiel Exploitation (FME), and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) mission areas," requiring an "Active Top Secret (TS) clearance with SCI adjudication" and stated to be "contingent upon contract award."[^17] [[The War Zone]] reported on June 15, 2023 that the center "includes a dedicated Foreign Materiel Exploitation Squadron."[^18]
### The Jonathan Grey account
[[The Debrief]] reported on June 5, 2023, in an article by [[Leslie Kean]] and [[Ross Coulthart]], that "Jonathan Grey is a generational officer of the United States Intelligence Community with a Top-Secret Clearance who currently works for the National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC), where the analysis of UAP has been his focus." The article states that Grey is identified "under the identity he uses inside the agency," and quotes him: "The non-human intelligence phenomenon is real. We are not alone. Retrievals of this kind are not limited to the United States. This is a global phenomenon, and yet a global solution continues to elude us." The same article quotes [[Christopher Mellon]] as saying that "classified briefings are often presented for Jonathan Grey and his team at NASIC." The account of Grey's employment rests on that article alone and has not been independently confirmed.[^19]
Department of Defense spokesperson Sue Gough told The War Zone, in an article of June 15, 2023, that "to date, AARO has not discovered any verifiable information to substantiate claims that any programs regarding the possession or reverse-engineering of extraterrestrial materials have existed in the past or exist currently."[^18] AARO's 2024 historical report, quoted above, states that it "found no empirical evidence for claims that the USG and private companies have been reverse-engineering extraterrestrial technology."[^4]
### Footnotes
@ -85,12 +97,18 @@ Notes attributed to the physicist [[Eric Davis]] of October 16, 2002 record Vice
[^2]: National Air and Space Intelligence Center, "National Air and Space Intelligence Center Heritage," fact sheet, https://www.nasic.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Article/611728/national-air-and-space-intelligence-center-heritage/ (read from the Wayback Machine raw copy).
[^3]: Edward J. Ruppelt, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects (1956), chapter nine, Project Gutenberg ebook 17346, https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/17346/pg17346.txt
[^4]: Department of Defense, All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office, Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena, Volume I, February 2024, pp. 7 to 9, 17 to 19 and 28 to 29, https://media.defense.gov/2024/Mar/08/2003409233/-1/-1/0/DOPSR-CLEARED-508-COMPLIANT-HRRV1-08-MAR-2024-FINAL.PDF (read from the Wayback Machine raw copy).
[^5]: Air Force Regulation 80-17, 19 September 1966, paragraphs 3b to 3e, Condon Report Appendix B, https://files.ncas.org/condon/text/appndx-b.htm
[^5]: Durant memorandum of February 16, 1953 on the Robertson Panel, Condon Report Appendix U, https://files.ncas.org/condon/text/appndx-u.htm (Tab C: "Progress Reports of Project STORK (code name for Battelle Memorial Institute contract work supporting ATIC)").
[^6]: Martin Shough, "A Study of the Lockheed Sightings," National Aviation Reporting Centre on Anomalous Phenomena, July 2014, appendix reproducing the letters of Putt (February 15, 1954) and Johnson (January 23, 1954), https://mail.project1947.com/fig/Lockheed_Case_Dec_16_1953.pdf
[^7]: Chief, Intelligence Production Faculty, CIA Intelligence School, "Weekly Activities Report No. 36," October 11, 1960, CIA-RDP78-04836A000100040080-9, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp78-04836a000100040080-9
[^8]: Durant memorandum of February 16, 1953 on the Robertson Panel, Condon Report Appendix U, https://files.ncas.org/condon/text/appndx-u.htm (Tab C: "Progress Reports of Project STORK (code name for Battelle Memorial Institute contract work supporting ATIC)").
[^8]: Air Force Regulation 80-17, 19 September 1966, paragraphs 3b to 3e, Condon Report Appendix B, https://files.ncas.org/condon/text/appndx-b.htm
[^9]: Special Report of the USAF Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoc Committee to Review Project "Blue Book," March 1966, with Tab A (LeBailly memorandum of September 28, 1965) and distribution list, Condon Report Appendix A and Section V, chapter 2, https://files.ncas.org/condon/text/appndx-a.htm and https://files.ncas.org/condon/text/s5chap02.htm
[^10]: Condon Report, Section VI, chapter 4, references, https://files.ncas.org/condon/text/s6chap04.htm
[^11]: Billy Cox, "The hunt for missing pieces," Sarasota Herald-Tribune, June 3, 2015, reproduced at https://mail.project1947.com/articles/The_hunt_for_missing_pieces.pdf (the Bolender memorandum itself was not opened).
[^12]: "EWD NOTES 10/16/02, Eric Davis Meeting with Adm. Wilson," p. 12, https://documents2.theblackvault.com/casefiles/wilsonleak.pdf ; Wilson's 2020 statement to Billy Cox as reproduced in The Black Vault, https://www.theblackvault.com/casefiles/the-admiral-wilson-leak-an-analysis/ .
[^13]: Ben R. Rich and Leo Janos, Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir of My Years at Lockheed (Boston: Little, Brown, 1994), chapter on the origin of stealth, https://archive.org/details/skunk-works-apersonal-memoir-of-my-years-at-lockheed-ben-rrich (text lines 437 to 440 and 516 to 552). Sole source for the passage so cited; the translation itself was not located.
[^11]: Ben R. Rich and Leo Janos, Skunk Works: A Personal Memoir of My Years at Lockheed (Boston: Little, Brown, 1994), chapter on the origin of stealth, https://archive.org/details/skunk-works-apersonal-memoir-of-my-years-at-lockheed-ben-rrich (text lines 437 to 440 and 516 to 552). Sole source for the passage so cited; the translation itself was not located.
[^12]: Billy Cox, "The hunt for missing pieces," Sarasota Herald-Tribune, June 3, 2015, reproduced at https://mail.project1947.com/articles/The_hunt_for_missing_pieces.pdf.
[^13]: "EWD NOTES 10/16/02, Eric Davis Meeting with Adm. Wilson," p. 12, https://documents2.theblackvault.com/casefiles/wilsonleak.pdf ; Wilson's 2020 statement to Billy Cox as reproduced in The Black Vault, https://www.theblackvault.com/casefiles/the-admiral-wilson-leak-an-analysis/ .
[^14]: SAM.gov, presolicitation PZIEC2025, "Advisory Support & Technical Requirement Administration (ASTRA)," posted April 10, 2025, https://sam.gov/api/prod/opps/v2/opportunities/e5b70042473345cba9a3663d5abda25d
[^15]: SAM.gov, solicitation FA860425RB017, "Advisory Support and Technical Requirement Administration," https://sam.gov/api/prod/opps/v2/opportunities/857041a4d1e1402fa2aa69bfb5f296fe
[^16]: "Contracts for May 6, 2026," Air Force section, U.S. Department of Defense contract announcements, reproduced at https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2026/05/dod-contracts_4479042.htm
[^17]: WiSC Enterprises, "Program Management Analyst - Junior," ClearanceJobs listing 8962579, posted June 8, 2026, https://api.clearancejobs.com/jobs/8962579/program-management-analyst-junior ; https://careers-wiscenterprises.icims.com/jobs/1675/program-management-analyst---junior/job
[^18]: Joseph Trevithick and Tyler Rogoway, "Aliens Or Not, Secret Crash Retrieval Programs Are A Very Real Thing," The War Zone, June 15, 2023, https://www.twz.com/aliens-or-not-secret-crash-retrieval-programs-are-a-very-real-thing
[^19]: Leslie Kean and Ross Coulthart, "Intelligence Officials Say U.S. Has Retrieved Craft of Non-Human Origin," The Debrief, June 5, 2023, https://thedebrief.org/intelligence-officials-say-u-s-has-retrieved-non-human-craft/ . Sole source for the passages so cited.