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10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Ann Marie Villafana.md Normal file
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---
category: "Law Enforcement & Legal"
tags:
- Person
- JeffreyEpstein
- NonProsecutionAgreement
- Prosecutor
- DepartmentOfJustice
- PalmBeach
- CrimeVictimsRightsAct
alias:
- Ann Marie Villafana
- Ann Marie Villafaña
- A. Marie Villafaña
- A. Marie Villafana
- Marie Villafaña
- Marie Villafana
- Ann C. Villafaña
- Ann C. Villafana
- Villafaña
- Villafana
summary: "Assistant U.S. Attorney in West Palm Beach who opened the 2006 federal Epstein investigation, drafted a 60-count indictment, negotiated and signed the 2007 non-prosecution agreement, and left the office in August 2019."
location: "West Palm Beach, Florida"
relations:
- type: employed_by
with: "[[U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Florida]]"
role: "Assistant U.S. Attorney"
start: 2001-09
end: 2019-08
fn: 1
- type: investigated
with: "[[Jeffrey Epstein]]"
role: "line prosecutor, Operation Leap Year"
start: 2006-05-23
end: 2011
fn: 3
- type: investigated
with: "[[Office of Professional Responsibility]]"
reverse: true
start: 2019-02-06
end: 2020-11
fn: 2
- type: represented
with: "[[Jonathan Biran]]"
reverse: true
start: 2019
fn: 15
created: 2026-09-25
updated: 2026-09-25
---
A. Marie Villafaña, styled Ann C. Villafaña in the [[Department of Justice|Justice Department]]'s own records, is a former Assistant U.S. Attorney in the [[U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Florida]] who opened the office's 2006 investigation of [[Jeffrey Epstein]], wrote an 82-page prosecution memorandum and a draft federal indictment in 2007, and was then overruled by her supervisors in favor of the [[Epstein non-prosecution agreement]], which she negotiated with Epstein's lawyers and signed on the office's behalf on September 24, 2007. She monitored Epstein's compliance with the agreement through his Florida jail term and home detention, served as co-counsel defending the government in the victims' suit under the [[Crime Victims' Rights Act]] until the office was recused in February 2019, and left the office in August 2019 while the Justice Department's [[Office of Professional Responsibility]] was investigating her and four supervisors. That office found in November 2020 that none of the five had committed professional misconduct.[^1][^2]
### Career in Miami and West Palm Beach
Villafaña joined the office in September 2001 as a line prosecutor in the Major Crimes Section in [[Miami]] and transferred in January 2004 to the branch office in [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]], where she handled the majority of the branch's child exploitation cases. In 2006 U.S. Attorney [[Alexander Acosta]] designated her the office's first coordinator for Project Safe Childhood, a Justice Department initiative launched that May against technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation. The office's own chart of the period places her under a West Palm Beach supervisor, then the branch's managing attorney [[Andrew Lourie]], then Criminal Division chief [[Matthew Menchel]], First Assistant U.S. Attorney [[Jeffrey Sloman]] and Acosta.[^1][^3]
### Opening Operation Leap Year
In May 2006 the lead detective of the [[Palm Beach Police Department]] met Villafaña and an [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] case agent with whom she worked child exploitation cases and summarized the state investigation. According to Villafaña, the detective said that "pressure had been brought to bear on . . . Krischer by Epstein's attorneys," that the defense had hired private investigators to trail him and Chief [[Michael Reiter]], and that the defense had engineered the removal of the first Assistant State Attorney on the case by hiring a lawyer whose relationship with her created a conflict. Neither Villafaña nor the agent had heard of Epstein before the meeting. She opened a federal case file on May 23, 2006 and named the investigation "Operation Leap Year," after the approximately 29 girls identified as victims in the state case. She told the Office of Professional Responsibility that the case implicated federal interests including the use of telephones and airports, the number of victims, the possibility of child pornography suggested by computer equipment removed from Epstein's house before the police search, and "the possibility that improper political pressure had affected the State Attorney Office's handling of the case."[^3]
Having learned that Epstein "took a scorched earth approach" to litigation, she arranged a meeting with Acosta and Sloman in Miami on July 14, 2006 without first telling Lourie, then her second-line supervisor. She told OPR it was the first time she had asked to brief "executive management" on opening a case, and that she regarded Sloman as a friend.[^3]
### The Charging Memo and the Supervisors
Villafaña submitted her prosecution memorandum on May 1, 2007. Lourie wrote to her on May 10 that "Epstein's att[orneys] are scared of the victims they don't know," proposing that the first indictment name only the victims "they have nothing on at all," and that "for the first strike we should make all their nightmare[]s come true." On May 14, when Epstein was flying from the [[U.S. Virgin Islands|Virgin Islands]] to [[New Jersey]], she asked Lourie and Menchel whether she could file charges the next day. Menchel answered that "[y]ou will not have approval to go forward tomorrow" and that he had "trouble understanding" her "rush" "given how long this case has been pending." She later told OPR that "child sex offenders don't stop until they're behind bars." In their OPR interviews Acosta called her "very hard charging" and her timeline "really, really fast," and Menchel described her as "out over her skis a little bit" and "ahead of Acosta in terms of his analysis of the case." On May 15 she asked Sloman whether "pestering Alex will not do any good," and he answered "Yes"; on May 21 she asked Sloman and Menchel for "a sense of the direction where we are headed," and Sloman answered "Taken care of." Her immediate supervisor told OPR that it appeared "Miami didn't want the case prosecuted."[^4]
The office's privileged investigation chronology records that on May 23, 2007 she drafted an email disagreeing "with promising to have a meeting with Lefcourt or any of Epstein's other attorneys," on the ground that an earlier meeting had "disclosed prosecution strategy," and stating that if one were held she "will ask to have the case reassigned." OPR recorded that she "vehemently opposed meeting with Epstein's attorneys and voiced her concerns to her supervisors, but was overruled by them." She told OPR that she believed Acosta "was influenced by the stature of Epstein's attorneys," and that "the ability of [[Alan Dershowitz]] and [[Kenneth Starr|Ken Starr]] and [[Jay Lefkowitz]] to convince Alex Acosta that I didn't know what I was talking [about] also, all came into play."[^5][^6]
### Negotiating the Agreement
Acosta decided in mid-2007 to resolve the case through a state plea, and Villafaña became the office's principal negotiator and drafter of the agreement, under supervisors who, in OPR's words, "left the USAO, were transitioning to other jobs, or were absent at critical junctures": Menchel left in August 2007, and Lourie moved to a Washington detail in September. The court in the later victims' suit quoted her September 2007 emails to Lefkowitz: an offer to file a federal charge in Miami rather than West Palm Beach "[o]n an 'avoid the press' note," advice relayed from Lourie that "some of the timing issues be addressed only in the state agreement, so that it isn't obvious to the judge that we are trying to create federal jurisdiction for prison purposes," a statement that she "would prefer not to highlight for the judge all of the other crimes and all of the other persons that we could charge," and an offer to meet "off campus." On September 17 she asked Lefkowitz to send material to her home email address.[^2][^7][^8]
Villafaña gave OPR her own account of each line. She said the "off campus" offer meant a "neutral" location with "all the necessary decision makers present or 'on call'" to finish negotiations that "had dragged on for some time"; that the Miami filing was meant to let victims attend a plea hearing "without their faces being splashed all over the newspaper"; that she used her home account because negotiations ran "at nights, on weekend[s]" when remote email access was limited, which OPR found her supervisors knew; and that the co-conspirator clause was understood to cover the four women named in it because "we considered Epstein to be the top of the food chain, and we wouldn't have been interested in prosecuting anyone else." OPR found that she did not consider that Epstein might be shielding other, unnamed people, and that no one, including the FBI case agents, raised that concern.[^8][^9]
The attorney Villafaña first recommended as the victims' representative under the agreement's damages mechanism was, according to OPR, "a friend of another AUSA whom Villafaña was then dating, but had no professional relationship with either Villafaña or the other AUSA." Epstein's lawyers objected to the choice, and while she was on sick leave Sloman negotiated the October 2007 addendum that changed the selection process.[^1][^10]
### Holding Epstein to the Terms
After the signing Villafaña kept preparing a federal case. On February 14, 2008 she wrote to the FBI case agents that she had not yet sent the indictment and "was just asking for input on who to include and who to exclude." On May 16, 2008, after the Criminal Division rejected Epstein's appeal, Sloman wrote to her, "We got approved," adding, "Alex called to tell me. He said the ltr needs to be tweaked which we'll do on Monday. I wouldn't call the FBI yet."[^11][^12]
The day after Epstein's June 30, 2008 state plea, she and her immediate supervisor met an official of the [[Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office]], who told them that Epstein "would be eligible for work release and will be placed on work release." She told the official that the [[Florida Science Foundation]], where Epstein had told the plea court he worked "every day," did not exist until November 2007 and that the address he gave for it was the office of his lawyer [[Jack Goldberger]]. When she learned in mid-November 2008 that Epstein was on work release, she emailed Acosta, Sloman and the Criminal Division chief: "Can I indict him now?" On November 24 she wrote to [[Roy Black]] that Epstein had breached the agreement by "failing to remain incarcerated twenty-four hours a day." On December 3 she wrote to Sloman and Criminal Division chief [[Robert Senior]] that "since Day 1, Goldberger and Krisher [sic] . . . have been scheming to get Epstein out on work release," and that Epstein was paying off-duty deputies "between $3000 and $4100 per week" for "protection." Her December 11 letter to the sheriff's Corrections Division, itemizing inaccuracies in his work release application, went unanswered.[^13]
In the summer of 2009, when the New York Post reported that Epstein had been released early for cooperating in a federal case against [[Bear Stearns]], Villafaña called the prosecutors in the [[Eastern District of New York]], who told her they "had never heard of Epstein." In 2011 she wrote to senior colleagues that "this is urban myth. The FBI and I looked into this and do not believe that any of it is true." OPR reported finding no evidence that Epstein was a cooperating witness or "intelligence asset," or that any of the five subjects believed so.[^13][^14]
### The Victims' Suit, the 2018 Email and OPR
From July 2008 Villafaña was co-counsel for the government in [[Doe v. United States]], the Crime Victims' Rights Act suit filed by two victims, and she maintained the office's case records throughout it. In December 2018, after the [[Miami Herald]] series by [[Julie K. Brown]], she wrote in an internal email that she had once asked Sloman where the two-year plea figure came from and that "[h]e said that Lily [sic] Ann (attorney for Epstein) asked Mr. Menchel to 'do her a solid' and convince Mr. Acosta to offer two years." Questioned by OPR, she could not recall whether Sloman had said "Lilly asked Matt to do her a solid, and he did it," or "I always figured Matt just wanted ... to do her a solid," and said she knew of nothing that "expressly [indicated] that there was any sort of exchange of . . . a favor in either direction." Sloman did not recall the remark and called the idea "the furthest thing from my recollection." OPR found no evidence supporting it.[^1][^6]
OPR noted that she alone among the five subjects had remained in the office with continuous access to the documentary record. It concluded that the September 2007 emails did "not themselves establish that Villafaña (or any other subject) acted to improperly benefit Epstein," and that "the evidence shows that Villafaña, in particular, cared deeply about Epstein's victims." Sloman told OPR that reports she "was soft on Epstein . . . couldn't have been further from the truth." Lourie said that on reading the 2019 opinion quoting her emails he was "surprised to see how nice she was to them. And she winds up taking it on the chin for being so nice to them. When I know the whole time she was the one who wanted to go after him the most."[^2][^9]
### Resignation
Villafaña submitted her resignation to the Justice Department in August 2019. Her attorney, [[Jonathan Biran]], said that she had long planned a transition to a career in health care and planned to join the [[Department of Health and Human Services]]. OPR's report records only that she left "to join another federal government agency." In testimony to the [[House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform|House Oversight Committee]] on September 19, 2025, Acosta did not recall reading her recommendation that Epstein be charged with sex trafficking in a 60-count indictment.[^1][^15][^16]
### Footnotes
[^1]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02847284, Prior DOJ Disclosures, report, Office of Professional Responsibility, "Investigation into the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of Florida's Resolution of Its 2006-2008 Federal Criminal Investigation of Jeffrey Epstein and Its Interactions with Victims during the Investigation," November 2020, pp. 5 to 7, 89 to 90 (EFTA02847314 to EFTA02847316, EFTA02847398 to EFTA02847399). https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/Prior%20DOJ%20Disclosures/Memos.%20&%20Correspondence/EFTA02847284.pdf
[^2]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02847284 (see note 1), Executive Summary, pp. v to x and n. 8 (EFTA02847290 to EFTA02847295).
[^3]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02847284 (see note 1), pp. 6, 16 to 18 and nn. 20 to 21 (EFTA02847315, EFTA02847325 to EFTA02847327).
[^4]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02847284 (see note 1), pp. 28 to 30 and nn. 44 to 46 (EFTA02847337 to EFTA02847339).
[^5]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00224943, DataSet 9, "Epstein Investigation Timeline," Exhibit A-1, privileged chronology of the federal investigation, May 2006 to August 2011, entry for May 23, 2007. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00224943.pdf
[^6]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02847284 (see note 1), pp. 150 to 155 (EFTA02847459 to EFTA02847464).
[^7]: Opinion and Order, *Jane Doe 1 and Jane Doe 2 v. United States*, No. 9:08-cv-80736-KAM (S.D. Fla. Feb. 21, 2019), ECF No. 435 (Marra, J.), reported at 359 F. Supp. 3d 1201, quoting ECF No. 407. https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.flsd.317867/gov.uscourts.flsd.317867.435.0.pdf
[^8]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02847284 (see note 1), pp. 68 to 71 and nn. 112, 115 (EFTA02847377 to EFTA02847380).
[^9]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02847284 (see note 1), pp. 163 to 165 (EFTA02847472 to EFTA02847474).
[^10]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02847284 (see note 1), p. 90 n. 143 (EFTA02847399).
[^11]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00225102, DataSet 9, emails, Ann Marie Villafana to FBI agents, "RE: Epstein Indictment" and "RE: DOBs," February 14, 2008. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00225102.pdf
[^12]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00214486, DataSet 9, email chain, Jeff Sloman and Ann Marie Villafana, "Re: Did u hear?," May 16, 2008. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00214486.pdf
[^13]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02847284 (see note 1), pp. 114 to 118 and nn. 181, 187 (EFTA02847423 to EFTA02847427).
[^14]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02847284 (see note 1), p. 169 and n. 244 (EFTA02847478).
[^15]: "Lead federal prosecutor from Jeffrey Epstein 2008 case resigns," *WFLX / WPTV Webteam,* August 9, 2019. https://www.wflx.com/2019/08/09/lead-federal-prosecutor-jeffrey-epstein-case-resigns/
[^16]: Debra Cassens Weiss, "Jeffrey Epstein had dinners with top criminal prosecutor following favorable deal, documents show," *ABA Journal,* October 20, 2025. https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/jeffrey-epstein-had-dinners-with-top-criminal-prosecutor-in-years-following-favorable-deal-documents-show

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---
category: "Law Enforcement & Legal"
tags:
- Person
- CarolThomasJacobs
- VirginIslands
- AttorneyGeneral
- JeffreyEpstein
- SexOffenderRegistration
- LeonBlack
- Judiciary
alias:
- Carol Thomas Jacobs
- Carol Jacobs
- Carol Thomas-Jacobs, Esq.
- Judge Carol Thomas-Jacobs
summary: "Antigua-born Virgin Islands prosecutor who as acting attorney general revoked Jeffrey Epstein's 24-hour travel notice in 2019, signed the 62.5 million dollar Leon Black settlement in 2023, then became a Superior Court judge."
location: "St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands"
relations:
- type: employed_by
with: "[[Virgin Islands Department of Justice]]"
end: 2023-04
role: "Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division chief, Deputy Attorney General (2016), Chief Deputy Attorney General (2020)"
fn: 1
- type: head_of
with: "[[Virgin Islands Department of Justice]]"
start: 2023-01-01
end: 2023-04
role: "acting Attorney General"
fn: 1
- type: appointed
with: "[[Albert Bryan]]"
reverse: true
start: 2023-01-01
role: "acting Attorney General"
fn: 4
- type: employed_by
with: "[[Superior Court of the Virgin Islands]]"
start: 2023-10-03
role: "judge, St. Thomas and St. John district"
fn: 1
created: 2026-09-25
updated: 2026-09-25
---
Carol Thomas-Jacobs is a lawyer and judge of the Superior Court of the [[U.S. Virgin Islands]], born in Willikies, [[Antigua]], who spent more than twenty years in the [[Virgin Islands Department of Justice]]. As acting Attorney General she signed the March 14, 2019 letter that revoked the 24-hour travel-notice arrangement [[Jeffrey Epstein]] had held since 2012, and on January 20, 2023, as acting Attorney General again after Governor [[Albert Bryan]] removed [[Denise George]], she countersigned the settlement under which [[Leon Black]] paid the territory 62.5 million dollars without admitting liability. Bryan nominated her to the bench two months later.[^1][^2][^3]
### Career
Thomas-Jacobs is the youngest of nine children of a family from Willikies and a graduate of the Princess Margaret School and of the Advanced Level Department of the Antigua State College. In the Virgin Islands Department of Justice she served as an Assistant Attorney General in the Civil Division and then as head of that division, became Deputy Attorney General in 2016 and Chief Deputy Attorney General in 2020.[^1][^4]
Bryan fired Attorney General George on December 31, 2022, four days after she filed the territory's suit against [[JPMorgan Chase]], and named Thomas-Jacobs, who had worked on the estate case with George and was assigned to the JPMorgan case, acting Attorney General effective January 1, 2023. The governor's office described the vacancy in its March 2023 announcement as following "the resignation of Denise George in December 2022." Bryan nominated Thomas-Jacobs to the Superior Court that March, saying that "after more than two decades working on behalf of the Government of the Virgin Islands in the Department of Justice, Acting Attorney General Carol Thomas-Jacobs has demonstrated a solid and balanced understanding of the laws of the U.S. Virgin Islands." The 35th [[Legislature of the Virgin Islands]] confirmed her unanimously on April 14, 2023. She was succeeded at the department by [[Ariel Smith]], who had been Civil Division chief on the estate case.[^1][^4][^5][^6]
She was invested as a judge for the [[St. Thomas]] and St. John district on October 3, 2023 at the Alexander A. Farrelly Justice Center in [[Charlotte Amalie]], in a ceremony attended by Chief Justice [[Rhys Hodge]], Bryan, Lieutenant Governor [[Tregenza Roach]] and Senate President [[Novelle Francis]]. Presiding Judge [[Debra Smith-Watlington]] spoke of "the work that she did as a practising attorney, her dedication to her craft, her attention to detail, her professionalism, her work ethic, her intelligence and temperament, her courage and confidence." Superior Court judges serve six-year terms.[^1][^4]
### The 2019 Travel Notice
Epstein, a registered sex offender in the territory, had since August 2012 been allowed by Attorney General [[Vincent Frazer]] to give the department 24 hours' notice of travel by email instead of the 21 days otherwise required. On February 19, 2019 he flew to the [[Dominican Republic]], where he was detained for several hours and refused entry; his lawyers later blamed the department's failure to notify Dominican authorities. By letter of March 14, 2019, Thomas-Jacobs, as acting Attorney General, revoked the arrangement and required Epstein to appear in person at the department at least 21 days before any travel outside the [[United States]], allowed email notice only while he was already outside the territory, and required him to submit supporting information for any requested reduction, subject to the department's discretion. A signed copy in the Justice Department's Epstein releases, photographed against what appears to be the interior of an aircraft cabin, reads: "Mr. Epstein, please understand that the previous provisions for your travel notifications are [no longer] accepted by [USVIDOJ] and you must comply immediately with the conditions noted [herein]. We thank you for your cooperation and trust that you will adhere to these conditions. Sincerely, Carol Thomas-Jacobs, Esq., Acting Attorney General."[^2][^7][^8]
On April 30, 2019 the firm of Epstein's territorial counsel, [[Erika Kellerhals]], asked George, then Attorney General nominee, to reinstate the Frazer procedures, arguing that "Attorney Jacobs' requirement to appear in person" for travel within the United States "appears to exceed the requirements of Virgin Islands law." Thomas-Jacobs was copied on the correspondence that followed: on June 17, 2019 Kellerhals asked George what she would accept as "reasonable and reliable proof" of frequent travel, and on June 20 Epstein's lawyer [[Clive Rivers]] wrote to George, copying Kellerhals and Thomas-Jacobs, "Erika and I would like to meet with you." Epstein was arrested in [[New Jersey]] on July 6, 2019.[^2][^6][^9]
### The Leon Black Settlement
On January 20, 2023 Black signed a settlement agreement with the [[Government of the United States Virgin Islands]], countersigned by Thomas-Jacobs as acting Attorney General, under which he paid 62.5 million dollars within sixty days to end the territory's potential claims against him arising from his dealings with Epstein, without any admission of liability. Black had paid Epstein about 158 million dollars between 2012 and 2017 for tax and estate-planning advice, beginning under a 2013 service agreement with Epstein's [[Southern Trust Company]], which held tax benefits from the territory's [[Economic Development Commission]]. The agreement was signed weeks after the estate's own 105 million dollar settlement, while the territory's suit against JPMorgan Chase was pending.[^3][^10][^11]
Thomas-Jacobs was deposed in the JPMorgan case, with Bryan, John and [[Cecile de Jongh]], Frazer, Governor [[Kenneth Mapp]] and Delegate [[Stacey Plaskett]], each of whom said they had no knowledge of Epstein's crimes. She was not among the officials named in the 2023 federal trafficking suit against the territory and its former officeholders, which was dismissed in 2025.[^9][^12]
### Footnotes
[^1]: Singh, Sera-quinn. "Antiguan Judge appointed to US Superior Court." *Antigua Observer,* November 6, 2023. https://antiguaobserver.com/antiguan-judge-appointed-to-us-superior-court/
[^2]: Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 1:22-cv-10904-JSR (S.D.N.Y.), Exhibit 83, ECF No. 194-24 (filed June 20, 2023), pp. 2 to 7 (Kellerhals Ferguson Kroblin letter to Denise George, April 30, 2019, with Appendix 1), 46 to 47 (Frazer letter of August 14, 2012), 56 to 58 (emails of June 2 to June 20, 2019). https://web.archive.org/web/20260117011719/https://www.justice.gov/multimedia/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank,%20N.A.,%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/194-24.pdf
[^3]: Settlement Agreement and Release between the Government of the United States Virgin Islands and Leon Black, executed January 20, 2023, sections I, II.A.1-3, III.2, III.5 (as published by the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance). https://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/usvi_black_settlement_agreement_-_executedpdf.pdf
[^4]: Government of the United States Virgin Islands, Office of the Governor, "Governor Bryan Nominates Acting Attorney General Carol Thomas-Jacobs For Superior Court Judgeship," March 2, 2023. https://www.vi.gov/governor-bryan-nominates-acting-attorney-general-carol-thomas-jacobs-for-superior-court-judgeship/
[^5]: "U.S. Virgin Islands fires attorney general in Jeffrey Epstein cases," *PBS NewsHour / Associated Press,* January 2023. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/u-s-virgin-islands-fires-attorney-general-in-jeffrey-epstein-cases ; "Attorney General Denise George Has Been Terminated," *The Virgin Islands Consortium,* December 31, 2022. https://viconsortium.com/vi-government/virgin-islands-attorneygeneral-denise-george-has-been-terminated-
[^6]: Carlson, Suzanne. "Docs confirm Bryan pressed for special treatment of sex offender." *Virgin Islands Daily News,* February 2, 2026. https://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/news/docs-confirm-bryan-pressed-for-special-treatment-of-sex-offender/article_5e9483c9-38d2-406c-8bb0-e5757ce287f2.html (attorney-general succession; Thomas-Jacobs's March 2019 rescission).
[^7]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01598591, DataSet 10, letter of Carol Thomas-Jacobs, Acting Attorney General, to Jeffrey Epstein on travel-notification conditions (photographed copy; related copies EFTA00001884, EFTA01340980, EFTA01303327). https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01598591.pdf
[^8]: Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. Estate of Jeffrey E. Epstein, No. ST-20-CV-14 (V.I. Super. Ct.), Second Amended Complaint, paragraphs 132 to 134, filed as Exhibit 1 to Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 1:22-cv-10904-JSR (S.D.N.Y.), ECF No. 1-1 (December 27, 2022). https://web.archive.org/web/20260117011558/https://www.justice.gov/multimedia/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank,%20N.A.,%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/001-01.pdf
[^9]: Carlson, Suzanne. "Files reveal Epstein's efforts to influence V.I. officials; emails with Mapp." *Virgin Islands Daily News,* February 2, 2026. https://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/news/files-reveal-epstein-s-efforts-to-influence-v-i-officials-emails-with-mapp/article_2dd4fe69-4daf-4dc2-b3b8-37a929002bb6.html
[^10]: "Billionaire Leon Black paid $62.5m to exit US Virgin Islands investigation over links to Jeffrey Epstein." *AOL / Agence France-Presse,* 2023. https://www.aol.com/billionaire-leon-black-paid-62-002414707.html
[^11]: "Apollo Announces Review of Significant Governance Enhancements as Part of Continued Evolution and Institutionalization of the Firm and Leadership Transition." *Apollo Global Management,* January 25, 2021. https://www.apollo.com/insights-news/pressreleases/2021/01/apollo-announces-review-of-significant-governance-enhancements-as-part-of-continued-evolution-and-institutionalization-of-the-firm-and-leadership-transition-211534651 (Dechert LLP review: about 158 million dollars paid by Black to Epstein, 2012 to 2017). ; Dechert LLP, Memorandum to the Apollo Conflicts Committee, "Investigation of Epstein/Black Relationship and Any Relationship Between Epstein and Apollo Global Management, Inc.," January 22, 2021, pp. 3 to 4, 16 to 17, filed as Exhibit 99.1 to Apollo Global Management, Inc., Form 8-K (January 25, 2021). https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1411494/000119312521016405/d118102dex991.htm
[^12]: Doe 1 v. Government of the United States Virgin Islands, No. 1:23-cv-10301-AS (S.D.N.Y.), Opinion and Order, ECF No. 202 (March 21, 2025), p. 1 (defendants named). https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.610915/gov.uscourts.nysd.610915.202.0.pdf

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10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Larry Visoski.md Normal file
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---
category: "Crime & Abuse Networks"
tags:
- Person
- LarryVisoski
- JeffreyEpstein
- LolitaExpress
- Aviation
- ShellCompany
- VirginIslands
- MaxwellTrial
alias:
- Lawrence Paul Visoski Jr.
- Lawrence Visoski
- Lawrence VISOSKI
summary: "Jeffrey Epstein's pilot from 1991 to 2019, named manager of the Virgin Islands companies holding his aircraft, first government witness at the 2021 Maxwell trial, and recipient of Epstein-paid tuition for his daughters."
location: "United States"
relations:
- type: employed_by
with: "[[Jeffrey Epstein]]"
role: "pilot"
start: 1991
end: 2019
fn: 3
- type: head_of
with: "[[Plan D LLC]]"
role: "sole manager"
start: 2012
end: 2019-07-31
fn: 5
- type: director_of
with: "[[Hyperion Air]]"
role: "manager of Hyperion Air LLC, with Epstein"
start: 2012-10-19
fn: 5
- type: participant_in
with: "[[United States v. Maxwell]]"
role: "government's first witness"
start: 2021-11-29
end: 2021-11-30
fn: 2
created: 2026-09-25
updated: 2026-09-25
---
Lawrence Paul Visoski Jr., known as Larry Visoski, is an American pilot who flew [[Jeffrey Epstein]]'s aircraft from 1991 to 2019, including the Boeing 727 known as the [[Lolita Express]]. Federal Aviation Administration files and a [[Government of the United States Virgin Islands|Virgin Islands]] complaint list him as manager or member of several of the [[U.S. Virgin Islands]] companies that held Epstein's jets and helicopters. He was the government's first witness at the 2021 trial of [[Ghislaine Maxwell]] in the [[U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York|Southern District of New York]], where he testified that Epstein had paid for his two daughters' education and had given him land at [[Zorro Ranch]] in [[New Mexico]]. Bank records released by the [[Department of Justice|Justice Department]] in 2026 show checks from Epstein's [[JPMorgan Chase]] account totaling 106,654 dollars to [[Syracuse University]] for one of the daughters between 2009 and 2012.[^1][^2][^3]
### Aircraft Companies
In August and September 2021, while prosecutors prepared the Maxwell trial, a special agent of the [[Federal Aviation Administration]]'s Law Enforcement Assistance Program in [[Atlanta]] summarized for federal investigators the registration files of ten aircraft connected to Epstein. Of a [[Bell 430]] helicopter registered to [[Hyperion Air]], Inc. in 2012, renumbered N331JE and transferred in August 2013 to Hyperion Air LLC of [[St. Thomas]], the agent wrote that "the same players in the Inc and LLC are on the FAA registration paperwork, Darren INDYKE and Lawrence VISOSKI," a reference to Epstein's lawyer [[Darren Indyke]]. A 1988 Gulfstream G-IV was registered in May 2013 to JEGE, LLC of St. Thomas, a company formed in the Virgin Islands on October 19, 2012, whose members were Epstein and Visoski; Visoski changed its registration number to N212JE in 2013 and to N120JE in 2017.[^4]
A 2007 Gulfstream G550 was sold by [[Chevron]] USA on March 29, 2017 to Plan D LLC, a Virgin Islands company of which Epstein was a member and Visoski the manager, and took the number N212JE in January 2018. The agent wrote: "I don't see EPSTEIN's name on any of the FAA paperwork." Flight plans show the jet flying from [[Paris]] to [[Teterboro Airport|Teterboro]] on July 7, 2019 and from Teterboro to Brunswick, [[Georgia]], on July 11. On December 22, 2020, sixteen months after Epstein's death, Visoski, for Plan D, "sold" the aircraft to Six G Aviation LLC, which "sold" it the same day to N550GP LLC of Ontario, [[California]].[^4]
Visoski signed as director of aviation when Air Ghislaine Inc., the company that held a [[Bell 407]] helicopter registered N491GM, bought a Sikorsky S-76C-2 on December 30, 2008. Air Ghislaine changed its name to Shmitka Air Inc. on February 11, 2010 and to Freedom Air International Inc. on July 6, 2010. The Sikorsky, renumbered N722JE, was sold in 2011 to ASI Wings LLC of Hartford, [[Connecticut]], and bought back on June 13, 2019 by Hyperion Air LLC, with Visoski signing as manager, three weeks before Epstein's arrest; Hyperion sold it on May 13, 2021. The agent found no aircraft registered to Epstein or Maxwell personally.[^4]
The territory's 2020 suit against Epstein's estate, filed by Attorney General [[Denise George]], described Plan D, LLC, the owner of the Gulfstream N212JE, as listing Visoski as its sole manager until a July 31, 2019 annual report named Epstein as the principal. It described Hyperion Air, LLC, organized October 19, 2012 with Epstein and Visoski as managers, as the owner of a Bell helicopter (N331JE) and a Keystone helicopter (N722JE) that it alleged Epstein used "to transport young women and underage girls between St. Thomas and [[Little St. James]]." The complaint also named Freedom Air Petroleum LLC and JEGE LLC among the Virgin Islands companies in the enterprise.[^5]
### The Butterfly Trust
A [[Deutsche Bank]] know-your-customer page headed "The 2013 Butterfly Trust," produced to the federal grand jury in New York under the stamp "DB-SDNY," listed the trust's "Current Potential Beneficiaries." Among them were Epstein's assistant [[Lesley Groff]], his lawyer Darren Indyke and "Lawrence Paul Visoski Jr." The trustee was the St. Thomas lawyer [[Erika Kellerhals]].[^6]
### Errands for the Office
On May 16, 2014, Epstein's accountant [[Richard Kahn]] asked Visoski to "poke around tonight about Black Diamond Trading," a company he had heard was trying to buy the St. Thomas Jet Center. Visoski replied, "Here you go Rich ask and ye shall receive," supplied the tail number of the Black Diamond Learjet, and asked, "can you ask if you want me to introduce myself?" Kahn forwarded the information to Epstein, noting that "Larry has obtained some good info on them." Black Diamond Capital Management's founder, [[Stephen Deckoff]], bought Little St. James and [[Great St. James]] from Epstein's estate in May 2023 through his firm SD Investments.[^7]
On September 9, 2014, a charter booker emailed Kahn and Visoski that a JEGE LLC charter flight carrying the New Mexico attorney general and gubernatorial candidate [[Gary King]] and his running mate, [[Deb Haaland]], from Santa Fe was "on the ground at IAD."[^8] On July 25, 2016 the head of security at [[Bard College]] wrote that a helicopter landing for Epstein's visit to the campus would be coordinated with "Epstein's pilot, Larry Visoski, and the local fire company"; the college's president, [[Leon Botstein]], replied "Excellent."[^9]
### Tuition and Favors
Checks from Epstein's JPMorgan Chase account payable to Syracuse University between 2009 and 2012 totaled 106,654 dollars and covered several semesters for Visoski's elder daughter, who attended the university's [[S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications|Newhouse School]] from 2009 to 2013; a check of December 11, 2012 for 22,310 dollars carried her former name in the memo line. Visoski requested a 21,000 dollar personal loan for her fall 2010 tuition and a 22,000 dollar loan for spring 2011. In July 2012 he proposed applying a remaining commission balance toward both daughters' tuition and asked for another loan; Epstein replied "yes." Epstein also paid toward the tuition of a younger daughter at [[Millsaps College]] in [[Mississippi]].[^3]
On April 7, 2011, after his elder daughter was denied an interview for an [[NBC]] internship covering the 2012 London Olympics, Visoski wrote to Epstein: "My believe is the background check they did on me, to eliminate her from being giving this interview. Is there any person or friend of a friend that you may know at NBC or affiliate that may look into the possibility of opening this door for her?" He later forwarded her résumé and [[Harvard Business School]] application essays to Epstein, who reviewed them. From 2011 to 2013, and again in September 2017, she stayed at Epstein's Manhattan townhouse, [[9 East 71st Street]], in stays arranged by Groff. The daughter did not respond to requests for comment, and Visoski's lawyer had no immediate comment; the records do not indicate that Visoski or his family had any involvement in Epstein's crimes.[^3]
### Testimony at the Maxwell Trial
Visoski testified on November 29 and 30, 2021. He named passengers he had flown with Epstein, including [[Donald Trump]] ("There was more than once, I believe"), [[Bill Clinton]], [[Prince Andrew]], Senators [[John Glenn]] and [[George Mitchell]], the actors [[Kevin Spacey]] and [[Chris Tucker]], and the violinist [[Itzhak Perlman]]. He testified that he flew Epstein to [[Columbus, Ohio]] to see [[Leslie Wexner]], whom Epstein called his client, and that "Ms. Maxwell had nothing to do with the passenger manifests." Under cross-examination he said he "never saw any sexual activity" on the aircraft, and of the accuser known at trial as "Jane," "I didn't know her age. She didn't look young." He testified that Epstein kept the cockpit door closed during flights, and confirmed that Epstein had paid for both of his daughters' college education and given him acreage at Zorro Ranch.[^1][^2][^3]
Judge [[Alison Nathan]] relied at sentencing in part on the testimony of two of Epstein's pilots that [[Sarah Kellen]] had been Maxwell's assistant, one element of the four-level leadership enhancement that the [[Second Circuit]] upheld in September 2024.[^10]
### Footnotes
[^1]: Lauren del Valle and Eric Levenson, "Jeffrey Epstein's former pilot testifies Bill Clinton, Donald Trump, Prince Andrew flew aboard Epstein's private plane," CNN, November 30, 2021 (syndicated). https://abc17news.com/news/national-world/cnn-national/2021/11/30/prosecution-links-ghislaine-maxwell-to-jeffrey-epstein-while-defense-says-she-is-being-blamed-for-his-actions/
[^2]: Tom Winter and Corky Siemaszko, "Jeffrey Epstein's longtime pilot testifies in trial of Ghislaine Maxwell," NBC News, November 30, 2021. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/jeffrey-epsteins-longtime-pilot-testifies-trial-ghislaine-maxwell-rcna7078
[^3]: "Jeffrey Epstein funded his pilot's daughter's SU tuition." *The Daily Orange,* February 5, 2026. https://dailyorange.com/2026/02/epstein-funded-pilots-daughters-su-tuition/
[^4]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00021675 to EFTA00021680, DataSet 8, email chain, "RE: FAA Question," between a Special Agent of the Federal Aviation Administration, Law Enforcement Assistance Program, Atlanta, and federal investigators, August 24 to September 29, 2021. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%208/EFTA00021675.pdf
[^5]: Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. Estate of Jeffrey E. Epstein, No. ST-20-CV-14 (V.I. Super. Ct.), Second Amended Complaint, paragraphs 33 to 36, 137 to 139, filed as Exhibit 1 to Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 1:22-cv-10904-JSR (S.D.N.Y.), ECF No. 1-1 (December 27, 2022). https://web.archive.org/web/20260117011558/https://www.justice.gov/multimedia/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank,%20N.A.,%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/001-01.pdf
[^6]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01364303, DataSet 10, Deutsche Bank know-your-customer page "The 2013 Butterfly Trust" (DB-SDNY-0054829); EFTA01372887, DataSet 10, Deutsche Bank "KYC Print," July 15, 2019 (DB-SDNY-0066790). https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01364303.pdf ; https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01372887.pdf
[^7]: Carlson, Suzanne. "Still no resort plans for Epstein's islands purchased by Deckoff." *Virgin Islands Daily News,* February 6, 2026. https://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/news/still-no-resort-plans-for-epsteins-islands-purchased-by-deckoff/article_84d776de-8427-4080-a1b5-6cf81418e23d.html
[^8]: Paras, Julian, and Pat Davis. "Records show Gary King, Deb Haaland used Epstein-linked jet during 2014 campaign." *New Mexico Political Report,* February 17, 2026. https://nmpoliticalreport.com/2026/02/17/records-show-gary-king-deb-haaland-used-epstein-linked-jet-during-2014-campaign/
[^9]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA02047292, DataSet 10, email chain "Re: Jeffrey Epstein visit to Bard," July 25, 2016. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA02047292.pdf
[^10]: United States v. Maxwell, No. 22-1426-cr (2d Cir. Sept. 17, 2024) (Cabranes, Wesley, Lohier, JJ.), reported at 118 F.4th 256. https://storage.courtlistener.com/pdf/2024/09/17/united_states_v._maxwell.pdf

4
10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Leslie Wexner.md
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@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ Abigail Koppel, a 31-year-old lawyer, married Wexner in 1993, and the couple set
### Relationship With Jeffrey Epstein
Wexner and Jeffrey Epstein were introduced in the mid-1980s; later reporting placed the meeting around 1986 through insurance executive [[Robert Meister]], who had met Epstein on a flight to Palm Beach.[^13] Wexner wrote in 2019 that he met Epstein "through friends who vouched for and recommended him as a knowledgeable financial professional," and that "Mr. Epstein represented that he had various well-known and respected individuals both as his financial clients and in his inner circle."[^11] Epstein told people he met Wexner in 1986 in Palm Beach and won his confidence by advising him to stay out of the stock market before the 1987 crash; asked by Vanity Fair whether Wexner had known of his work for [[Steven Hoffenberg]] at [[Towers Financial Corporation]], Epstein said he had begun working for Wexner in 1989 and that "it was certainly not the same time." Before he was engaged, Epstein met several times with [[Harold Levin]], then head of Wexner Investments, who found his ideas about currencies incomprehensible; a former Limited vice-chairman, [[Robert Morosky]], said "everyone was mystified as to what his appeal was."[^12] Epstein became Wexner's financial adviser by 1987, and in July 1991 Wexner gave him a power of attorney that authorized Epstein to sign checks, borrow money, buy and sell property, and hire and fire on Wexner's behalf.[^1] A close Wexner adviser, Harold Levin, reportedly warned that he did not trust Epstein, telling Wexner he "smell[ed] a rat," and at least one board member commissioned a background investigation, but Wexner continued the relationship.[^13] According to the [[New York Times]] account, Epstein later engineered Levin's firing by accusing him of stealing from Wexner, an accusation that would subsequently be leveled at Epstein himself.[^15]
Wexner and Jeffrey Epstein were introduced in the mid-1980s; later reporting placed the meeting around 1986 through insurance executive [[Robert Meister]], who had met Epstein on a flight to [[Palm Beach, Florida|Palm Beach]].[^13] Wexner wrote in 2019 that he met Epstein "through friends who vouched for and recommended him as a knowledgeable financial professional," and that "Mr. Epstein represented that he had various well-known and respected individuals both as his financial clients and in his inner circle."[^11] Epstein told people he met Wexner in 1986 in Palm Beach and won his confidence by advising him to stay out of the stock market before the 1987 crash; asked by Vanity Fair whether Wexner had known of his work for [[Steven Hoffenberg]] at [[Towers Financial Corporation]], Epstein said he had begun working for Wexner in 1989 and that "it was certainly not the same time." Before he was engaged, Epstein met several times with [[Harold Levin]], then head of Wexner Investments, who found his ideas about currencies incomprehensible; a former Limited vice-chairman, [[Robert Morosky]], said "everyone was mystified as to what his appeal was."[^12] Epstein became Wexner's financial adviser by 1987, and in July 1991 Wexner gave him a power of attorney that authorized Epstein to sign checks, borrow money, buy and sell property, and hire and fire on Wexner's behalf.[^1] A close Wexner adviser, Harold Levin, reportedly warned that he did not trust Epstein, telling Wexner he "smell[ed] a rat," and at least one board member commissioned a background investigation, but Wexner continued the relationship.[^13] According to the [[New York Times]] account, Epstein later engineered Levin's firing by accusing him of stealing from Wexner, an accusation that would subsequently be leveled at Epstein himself.[^15]
A New York Times Magazine investigation published December 16, 2025 traced Epstein's accumulation of wealth back to his hiring at [[Bear Stearns]] and his early targeting of wealthy businessmen, and detailed how his control over Wexner's accounts gave him unregulated access to fund real estate purchases, including property near [[Mar-a-Lago]] in Palm Beach, the [[9 East 71st Street]] townhouse in Manhattan, and the New Albany mansion.[^13] Epstein also drafted the prenuptial agreement for Wexner's marriage to [[Abigail Wexner|Abigail Koppel]] and obtained tax breaks for Epstein's [[Little St. James]] island in the U.S. Virgin Islands.[^13] The Times wrote that the central unanswered question was what Wexner gained from the relationship, and Wexner declined to participate in the investigation.[^15]
A New York Times Magazine investigation published December 16, 2025 traced Epstein's accumulation of wealth back to his hiring at [[Bear Stearns]] and his early targeting of wealthy businessmen, and detailed how his control over Wexner's accounts gave him unregulated access to fund real estate purchases, including property near [[Mar-a-Lago]] in Palm Beach, the [[9 East 71st Street]] townhouse in Manhattan, and the New Albany mansion.[^13] Epstein also drafted the prenuptial agreement for Wexner's marriage to [[Abigail Wexner|Abigail Koppel]] and obtained tax breaks for Epstein's [[Little St. James]] island in the [[U.S. Virgin Islands]].[^13] The Times wrote that the central unanswered question was what Wexner gained from the relationship, and Wexner declined to participate in the investigation.[^15]
Wexner described the relationship to Vanity Fair for its March 2003 profile: "I think we both possess the skill of seeing patterns. But Jeffrey sees patterns in politics and financial markets, and I see patterns in lifestyle and fashion trends." He called Epstein "very smart with a combination of excellent judgment and unusually high standards. Also, he is always a most loyal friend," and said that "Jeffrey has the unusual quality of knowing when he is winning." Epstein said, "People have said it's like we have one brain between two of us: each has a side." A person who worked for Wexner and saw their contract said Epstein was involved in "everything, not just a little here, a little there. Everything!" and that "Wexner likes having a hatchet man... Whenever there is dirty work to be done he'd stick Jeffrey on it." Epstein inserted himself into the construction of Wexner's 315-foot yacht Limitless, which led to litigation between Wexner and the shipyard, and the lawyer Lars Forsberg said his firm had to sue for its fees. When the co-investors in [[Riddell Sports]] bought out Epstein's stake in 1995 and asked him to guarantee access to a few million dollars against later disputes, Wexner signed for him.[^12]

2
10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Nicholas Tartaglione.md
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@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ When Epstein left suicide watch, Tartaglione "was not chosen as the investigatio
### After Epstein's Death
On September 12, 2019 the [[New York Daily News]] published a two-page handwritten letter from Tartaglione: "As far as Jeff Epstein is concerned, I never touched the man. I despise anyone who hurts children but whatever was going to happen to him, I was not going to be a part of it," and "The prison told Epstein they were putting him in a cell with me because they knew I would neither hurt nor extort him. The staff here at MCC had hundreds of inmates to choose from yet I was their first choice." Barket said his client had not been questioned "by any law enforcement official since July 23." Staff of the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York circulated the article internally the next day. The Bureau of Prisons later withheld several categories of its records on Tartaglione on the ground that they could "adversely affect the Tartaglione proceedings and influence potential juror's perceptions."[^6][^7]
On September 12, 2019 the [[New York Daily News]] published a two-page handwritten letter from Tartaglione: "As far as Jeff Epstein is concerned, I never touched the man. I despise anyone who hurts children but whatever was going to happen to him, I was not going to be a part of it," and "The prison told Epstein they were putting him in a cell with me because they knew I would neither hurt nor extort him. The staff here at MCC had hundreds of inmates to choose from yet I was their first choice." Barket said his client had not been questioned "by any law enforcement official since July 23." Staff of the [[U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York]] circulated the article internally the next day. The Bureau of Prisons later withheld several categories of its records on Tartaglione on the ground that they could "adversely affect the Tartaglione proceedings and influence potential juror's perceptions."[^6][^7]
### The Note

2
10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Richard Thornburgh.md
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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ The department's draft press releases described first a 316-count indictment of
### Later Career
After leaving the Senate race, Thornburgh was appointed UN Under-Secretary General for Administration and Management by President Bush in 1992, serving through 1993. He returned to private practice at K&L Gates in Pittsburgh. In 2002, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York appointed him examiner in the WorldCom bankruptcy; his report included findings on the conduct of Arthur Andersen and Citigroup. In 2004, he co-chaired the independent panel investigating CBS News's *60 Minutes Wednesday* report on President [[George W. Bush]]'s National Guard service.[^1]
After leaving the Senate race, Thornburgh was appointed UN Under-Secretary General for Administration and Management by President Bush in 1992, serving through 1993. He returned to private practice at K&L Gates in Pittsburgh. In 2002, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the [[U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York|Southern District of New York]] appointed him examiner in the WorldCom bankruptcy; his report included findings on the conduct of Arthur Andersen and Citigroup. In 2004, he co-chaired the independent panel investigating CBS News's *60 Minutes Wednesday* report on President [[George W. Bush]]'s National Guard service.[^1]
### Footnotes