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---
category: "Region"
tags:
- Place
- Island
- VirginIslands
- CharlotteAmalie
- JeffreyEpstein
- TaxHaven
- DanishWestIndies
alias:
- Saint Thomas
- St Thomas
- St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
- St. Thomas, USVI
- St. Thomas, V.I.
summary: "Island of the U.S. Virgin Islands holding the capital, Charlotte Amalie, and the harbor the United States sought from Denmark, where Jeffrey Epstein kept his companies, lawyers, hangar access and sex-offender registration."
location: "U.S. Virgin Islands"
created: 2026-09-25
updated: 2026-09-25
---
St. Thomas is an island of the [[U.S. Virgin Islands]] and the seat of the territory's government, which the [[Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands|Revised Organic Act]] places "at the city of [[Charlotte Amalie]], in the island of Saint Thomas." Its harbor was the principal object of American attempts to buy the Danish West Indies from 1867 until the cession of 1917. [[Jeffrey Epstein]] incorporated his money-management company on St. Thomas in 1998 and kept his territorial offices, bank, lawyers, foundation address and aircraft there, a short boat or helicopter ride from his islands of [[Little St. James]] and [[Great St. James]] off its southeastern coast.[^1][^2][^3]
### The Harbor and the Cession
The first American convention with [[Denmark]], signed at Copenhagen on October 24, 1867, covered St. Thomas and [[St. John]]; the islands' plebiscite was "overwhelmingly in favor of the cession," but the [[United States Senate]] let the treaty lapse in 1870. In transmitting the 1916 convention of cession to President [[Woodrow Wilson]], the Secretary of State wrote that "St. Thomas is the natural point of call for all European trade bound to the West Indies, [[Central America]], or northern [[South America]]," and that "there can be no question as to the value of St. Thomas harbor as a naval port, with its circular configuration, ample roadsteads, protection from prevailing winds and seas, and facilities for fortifications," near "the entrance of the [[Panama Canal]]." He described "the existing modern harbor works, floating docks, marine slip and wharves, provided with electric cranes, oil-reservoirs, coal-depots, fresh-water tanks, machine shops and warehouses" that made the harbor "a port of call and transshipment for ships in the Central and South American trades." The [[United States]] paid 25 million dollars in gold, and the islands were transferred on March 31, 1917.[^2][^4]
### Government on the Island
The [[Virgin Islands Department of Justice]] has its offices at 34-38 Kronprindsens Gade in the GERS Building on St. Thomas, and the Superior Court sits at the Alexander A. Farrelly Justice Center in Charlotte Amalie. Governor [[John de Jongh]] lived at his private house at Estate Mafolie, where public spending on security improvements led to his 2015 arrest on embezzlement charges by the administration of [[Kenneth Mapp]]. In March 2015 [[Cecile de Jongh]], de Jongh's wife and the office manager of Epstein's companies, told Epstein before a meeting at Government House that "there is a sign in book for visitors at the entrance. I have asked Celestino to arrange to have you not sign in and he said that he would take care of it," referring to the former senator [[Celestino White]].[^5][^6][^7][^8]
### Epstein's St. Thomas
The Articles of Incorporation of [[Financial Trust Company]] were filed on November 6, 1998, giving its principal office as 41-42 Kongens Gade, Charlotte Amalie. In 2009 Epstein's lawyers told Attorney General [[Vincent Frazer]] that "his place of employment was, and still is, Financial Trust Company, Inc., located at Red Hook Quarter in St. Thomas." [[Southern Trust Company]] kept its office at [[American Yacht Harbor]] in Red Hook, a marina of which Epstein owned half and which itself held territorial tax breaks in 2020. His lawyer [[Erika Kellerhals]] practiced at 9053 Estate Thomas, the address given for his foundation, [[Gratitude America]], in care of Kellerhals, and in September 2012 his bookkeeper [[Harry Beller]] wired the application fee for Southern Trust's tax-incentive certificate to Merchants Commercial Bank in St. Thomas for credit to her firm.[^3][^9][^10][^11][^12]
Little St. James lies off the southeastern coast, in the East End subdistrict of St. Thomas. In April 2002 Epstein funded the St. Thomas Common Sense Symposium, a gathering on artificial intelligence organized with [[Marvin Minsky]], whose participants were taken by boat to a beach barbecue on the island. At his last sex-offender address verification, in July 2018, Epstein refused to let territorial investigators and [[United States Marshals Service|U.S. Marshals]] past the dock of Little St. James, calling it his "front door," and arranged to meet them at his office on St. Thomas.[^13][^14][^15]
A May 2019 travel notice to the territorial Department of Justice stated that Epstein would return from Paris by private aircraft, N212JE, a Gulfstream, landing at [[Cyril E. King Airport|Cyril E. King International Airport]] on St. Thomas at about 11 a.m. on June 20, 2019. On January 15, 2019 his pilot, [[Larry Visoski]], wrote that the new governor's deputy chief of staff, [[Kevin Rodriquez]], had arrived on a chartered Cessna in front of Epstein's hangar at the St. Thomas airport and "came over to introduce himself to me, and said he would Welcome the chance to Speak with you. He said he will be running St. Thomas, (not sure if he was kidding)." Cecile de Jongh replied to Epstein, "Be wary of Kevin and yes, he is the deputy chief of staff." Epstein sought approval to build a hangar at the airport, which the [[Virgin Islands Port Authority]] under [[Carlton Dowe]] rejected; a 2022 complaint to the St. Thomas office of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], released in 2026, alleged that Dowe was "paid off" by Epstein over a hangar, but the hangar it described belonged to a private aviation company, not to Epstein.[^16][^17][^18]
### Population
The 2020 census found that all three major islands of the territory had lost population since 2010. The Water Island subdistrict of the St. Thomas Island district, containing Water and Hassel Islands, fell by 18 people to 164.[^19]
### Footnotes
[^1]: 48 U.S.C. section 1541(b), United States Code, 2023 edition. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title48/html/USCODE-2023-title48-chap12-subchapI-sec1541.htm
[^2]: U.S. Department of State, *Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1917,* Supplement, File No. 711.5914/190a, the Secretary of State to the President, and Treaty Series No. 629. https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1917/d880 ; https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1917/d881
[^3]: Articles of Incorporation of Financial Trust Company, Inc., executed November 6, 1998, received by the Office of the Lieutenant Governor of the Virgin Islands November 6, 1998; filed as Exhibit N to the Declaration of Bennet J. Moskowitz, Gerber v. The Financial Trust Company, No. 1:18-cv-07580-JPO (S.D.N.Y.), ECF No. 16-14 (September 14, 2018). https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.499593/gov.uscourts.nysd.499593.16.14.pdf
[^4]: "Transfer Day," Royal Danish Consulate, U.S. Virgin Islands. https://www.dkconsulateusvi.com/transfer/transfer.html
[^5]: Singh, Sera-quinn. "Antiguan Judge appointed to US Superior Court." *Antigua Observer,* November 6, 2023. https://antiguaobserver.com/antiguan-judge-appointed-to-us-superior-court/ ; Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 1:22-cv-10904-JSR (S.D.N.Y.), Exhibit 83, ECF No. 194-24 (filed June 20, 2023), p. 2 (Department of Justice, 34-38 Kronprindsens Gade). https://web.archive.org/web/20260117011719/https://www.justice.gov/multimedia/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank,%20N.A.,%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/194-24.pdf
[^6]: "Governor John P. de Jongh Arrested By DOJ Officials." *The Virgin Islands Consortium,* August 18, 2015. https://viconsortium.com/vi-world/governor-john-p-de-jongh-arrested-being-processed-at-district-court (archived at https://wp.viconsortium.com/?p=27084).
[^7]: "De Jongh Attorneys Slam Mapp And Walker; Call Case Against Former Governor Sham, Disgrace And Poltically-Driven." *The Virgin Islands Consortium,* November 4, 2015. https://viconsortium.com/vi-government/de-jongh-attorneys-slam-mapp-administration-says-case-against-former-governor-is-sham-disgrace-and-poltically-driven (archived at https://wp.viconsortium.com/?p=30871).
[^8]: Carlson, Suzanne. "Files reveal Epstein's efforts to influence V.I. officials; emails with Mapp." *Virgin Islands Daily News,* February 2, 2026. https://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/news/files-reveal-epstein-s-efforts-to-influence-v-i-officials-emails-with-mapp/article_2dd4fe69-4daf-4dc2-b3b8-37a929002bb6.html
[^9]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA00727487, DataSet 9, letter from counsel for Jeffrey Epstein to Attorney General Vincent F. Frazer requesting transfer of Epstein's supervision, 2009. https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00727487.pdf
[^10]: Carlson, Suzanne. "Epstein estate could be ordered to repay more than $144 million in tax breaks." *Virgin Islands Daily News,* February 13, 2020. http://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/news/epstein-estate-could-be-ordered-to-repay-more-than-144-million-in-tax-breaks/article_b84d9710-14af-5e69-a890-bcf8265cf8f9.html
[^11]: Internal Revenue Service, Form 990-PF data for Gratitude America Ltd, EIN 66-0789697, and IRS Business Master File record (in care of Erika Kellerhals, 9053 Estate Thomas Suite 101, St. Thomas), as indexed by ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/660789697
[^12]: U.S. Department of Justice, Epstein Library, EFTA01580553, DataSet 10, memorandum from Harry Beller to JPMorgan wire desk, September 21, 2012 (JPM-SDNY-00059908). https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%2010/EFTA01580553.pdf
[^13]: Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. Estate of Jeffrey E. Epstein, No. ST-20-CV-14 (V.I. Super. Ct.), Second Amended Complaint, paragraphs 14, 22 to 25, and 133, filed as Exhibit 1 to Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 1:22-cv-10904-JSR (S.D.N.Y.), ECF No. 1-1 (December 27, 2022). https://web.archive.org/web/20260117011558/https://www.justice.gov/multimedia/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank,%20N.A.,%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/001-01.pdf
[^14]: Minsky, Marvin; Singh, Push; Sloman, Aaron. "The St. Thomas Common Sense Symposium: Designing Architectures for Human-Level Intelligence." Symposium proceedings, April 2002. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2902676_The_St_Thomas_Common_Sense_Symposium_Designing_Architectures_for_Human-Level_Intelligence
[^15]: "'Skeevy' Epstein gave us the creeps: AI experts recall bizarre island visit." *Raw Story,* 2026. https://www.rawstory.com/raw-investigates/2673860453/
[^16]: Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 1:22-cv-10904-JSR (S.D.N.Y.), Exhibit 83, ECF No. 194-24 (filed June 20, 2023), pp. 54 to 55 (Epstein travel notice of May 2019). https://web.archive.org/web/20260117011719/https://www.justice.gov/multimedia/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank,%20N.A.,%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/194-24.pdf
[^17]: Carlson, Suzanne. "Files reveal Epstein's efforts to influence V.I. officials; emails with Mapp." *Virgin Islands Daily News,* February 2, 2026 (Visoski email of January 15, 2019 and Cecile de Jongh reply). https://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/news/files-reveal-epstein-s-efforts-to-influence-v-i-officials-emails-with-mapp/article_2dd4fe69-4daf-4dc2-b3b8-37a929002bb6.html
[^18]: "Former Gov. Kenneth Mapp Visited Epstein's Island, Sought $50,000 for Final Election Push, DOJ Records Show." *The Virgin Islands Consortium,* January 31, 2026. https://viconsortium.com/vi-federal/virgin-islands-former-gov--kenneth-mapp-visited-epstein-s-island--sought--50-000-for--final-push---doj-records-show
[^19]: U.S. Census Bureau, "First 2020 Census United States Island Areas Data Released Today," October 2021. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/10/first-2020-census-united-states-island-areas-data-released-today.html

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---
category: "Region"
tags:
- Place
- VirginIslands
- Caribbean
- UnincorporatedTerritory
- TaxHaven
- JeffreyEpstein
- DanishWestIndies
alias:
- United States Virgin Islands
- USVI
- US Virgin Islands
- U.S.V.I.
- Virgin Islands of the United States
- Danish West Indies
summary: "Unincorporated U.S. territory in the Caribbean bought from Denmark in 1917, where Jeffrey Epstein kept his islands, companies, tax exemptions and sex-offender registration from 1998 until his death."
start: 1917-03-31
location: "Caribbean"
created: 2026-09-25
updated: 2026-09-25
---
The U.S. Virgin Islands is an unincorporated territory of the [[United States]] in the [[Caribbean]], made up of [[St. Thomas]], [[St. Croix]], [[St. John]] and smaller islands and cays, with its capital at [[Charlotte Amalie]] on St. Thomas. [[Denmark]] ceded the islands, then the Danish West Indies, by a convention of 1916 for 25 million dollars in gold. The territory is governed under the [[Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands|Revised Organic Act]] of 1954 by an elected governor and a unicameral legislature, and federal law bars it from reducing income tax owed to the territory except on income from sources within the islands. [[Jeffrey Epstein]] bought [[Little St. James]] off St. Thomas in 1998, incorporated his money-management company there the same year, registered there as a sex offender, and received territorial tax benefits later put at about 300 million dollars. Its population in 2020 was 87,146.[^1][^2][^3][^4][^5]
### Cession by Denmark
A first convention for the cession of St. Thomas and St. John was signed at Copenhagen on October 24, 1867, in the administration of President [[Andrew Johnson]]. A plebiscite on the two islands was "overwhelmingly in favor of the cession" and the Danish parliament approved it, but the [[United States Senate]] Committee on Foreign Relations took no action until March 24, 1870, when Senator [[Charles Sumner]] reported it adversely. In the account the Secretary of State later gave President [[Woodrow Wilson]], the 1867 treaty grew out of "the need of a naval coaling, supply, and repair station in the Caribbean Sea" learned in the Civil War.[^1]
The convention of cession was signed in New York on August 4, 1916 by Secretary of State [[Robert Lansing]] and the Danish minister, [[Constantin Brun]], and ratifications were exchanged in Washington on January 17, 1917. Article 5 obliged the United States to pay "the sum of twenty-five million dollars in gold coin of the United States" within ninety days, and the United States declared that it would "not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland." The Secretary of State's transmittal described St. Thomas as "the natural point of call for all European trade bound to the West Indies, [[Central America]], or northern [[South America]]," the value of "St. Thomas harbor as a naval port, with its circular configuration, ample roadsteads, protection from prevailing winds and seas, and facilities for fortifications," and the importance of "a naval base off the entrance of the [[Panama Canal]]." The islands were transferred at a ceremony at 4 p.m. on March 31, 1917, while at the [[State Department]] a Treasury warrant for 25 million dollars was handed to Brun.[^1][^6]
### Government
The Revised Organic Act of July 22, 1954 declares the islands "an unincorporated territory of the United States of America," fixes the capital at Charlotte Amalie, and since 1968 places the territory's relations with the federal government "under the general administrative supervision of the Secretary of the Interior." Executive power rests in a governor who, with the lieutenant governor, is elected on a single ballot by majority vote, with a runoff if no ticket wins a majority; the first election was held on November 3, 1970, and no governor elected for two full successive terms may serve again until a full term has passed. Legislative power rests in the unicameral [[Legislature of the Virgin Islands]], whose members are called senators; the act fixed their number at fifteen from 1966 until 2000, when the number was left to territorial law.[^2][^7][^8]
The executive is the [[Government of the United States Virgin Islands]]. Its [[Virgin Islands Department of Justice]], headed by the Attorney General, keeps the sex-offender registry, and its [[Virgin Islands Economic Development Authority]] runs the tax-incentive program through the [[Economic Development Commission]].[^9]
### Taxation
Section 934 of the [[Internal Revenue Code]] provides that income tax owed to the Virgin Islands "shall not be reduced or remitted in any way, directly or indirectly, whether by grant, subsidy, or other similar payment, by any law enacted in the Virgin Islands," except as to "income derived from sources within the Virgin Islands or income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the Virgin Islands." Companies certified by the Economic Development Commission receive exemptions of up to 90 percent of income tax and 100 percent of gross-receipts, excise and withholding taxes in exchange for local employment, residency and charitable commitments.[^3][^10]
### Epstein in the Territory
Epstein bought Little St. James on April 27, 1998 for 7.95 million dollars through L.S.J., LLC, and his [[Financial Trust Company]] was incorporated on St. Thomas on November 6, 1998. The Industrial Development Commission granted Financial Trust tax benefits from 1999, and the Economic Development Commission granted his [[Southern Trust Company]] a ten-year package from 2013. He registered in the territory as a sex offender in 2010 on the strength of his 2008 [[Florida]] conviction, and most of his territorial companies were formed in 2011 and 2012. In 2012 Attorney General [[Vincent Frazer]] allowed him to give 24 hours' notice of travel by email instead of 21 days. In January 2016 he bought [[Great St. James]], next to Little St. James. Three governors held office in those years: [[John de Jongh]], whose wife [[Cecile de Jongh]] managed Epstein's territorial office; [[Kenneth Mapp]], who in 2016 asked Epstein to lend the territory 275 million dollars; and [[Albert Bryan]], who as chairman had signed Southern Trust's certificate in 2014.[^4][^9][^11][^12][^13]
After Epstein's death in 2019 the territory sued his estate under its Criminally Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act and sued [[JPMorgan Chase]], recovering about 180 million dollars in settlements after legal fees, including 62.5 million dollars from [[Leon Black]]. JPMorgan argued that "the entity that most directly failed to protect public safety and most actively facilitated and benefited from Epstein's continued criminal activity was the plaintiff in this case, the USVI government itself." A 2023 federal suit by six women against the territory and its former officials, alleging that they made the islands a "safe haven" for Epstein's trafficking, was dismissed in 2025 for lack of personal jurisdiction in New York as to all defendants except Delegate [[Stacey Plaskett]], and the claims against her were withdrawn with prejudice later that year.[^9][^14]
### Population
The 2020 census counted 87,146 residents, 18.1 percent fewer than the 106,405 counted in 2010; housing units rose 2.4 percent over the same decade, to 57,257. All three major islands lost population.[^5][^15]
### Footnotes
[^1]: U.S. Department of State, *Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1917,* Supplement, File No. 711.5914/190a, the Secretary of State to the President, and Treaty Series No. 629, Convention between the United States and Denmark for Cession of the Danish West Indies, signed August 4, 1916. https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1917/d880 ; https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1917/d881
[^2]: 48 U.S.C. section 1541, "Organization and status," United States Code, 2023 edition (Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands, July 22, 1954, ch. 558, section 2, 68 Stat. 497, as amended by Pub. L. 90-496). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title48/html/USCODE-2023-title48-chap12-subchapI-sec1541.htm
[^3]: 26 U.S.C. section 934, "Limitation on reduction in income tax liability incurred to the Virgin Islands," United States Code, 2023 edition. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title26/html/USCODE-2023-title26-subtitleA-chap1-subchapN-partIII-subpartD-sec934.htm
[^4]: Carlson, Suzanne. "Docs confirm Bryan pressed for special treatment of sex offender." *Virgin Islands Daily News,* February 2, 2026. https://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/news/docs-confirm-bryan-pressed-for-special-treatment-of-sex-offender/article_5e9483c9-38d2-406c-8bb0-e5757ce287f2.html (300 million dollars in benefits; about 180 million dollars recovered).
[^5]: U.S. Census Bureau, "2020 Census Population and Housing Unit Counts for the U.S. Virgin Islands," press release, October 28, 2021. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/2020-census-us-virgin-islands.html
[^6]: "Transfer Day," Royal Danish Consulate, U.S. Virgin Islands. https://www.dkconsulateusvi.com/transfer/transfer.html
[^7]: 48 U.S.C. section 1591, "Governor and Lieutenant Governor; election; eligibility," United States Code, 2023 edition. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title48/html/USCODE-2023-title48-chap12-subchapIV-sec1591.htm
[^8]: 48 U.S.C. section 1571, "Legislature," United States Code, 2023 edition, with amendment notes for Pub. L. 89-548 (1966) and Pub. L. 106-364 (2000). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2023-title48/html/USCODE-2023-title48-chap12-subchapIII-sec1571.htm
[^9]: Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. Estate of Jeffrey E. Epstein, No. ST-20-CV-14 (V.I. Super. Ct.), Second Amended Complaint, paragraphs 6, 22 to 25, 132 to 140, 157 to 159, and 175, filed as Exhibit 1 to Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 1:22-cv-10904-JSR (S.D.N.Y.), ECF No. 1-1 (December 27, 2022). https://web.archive.org/web/20260117011558/https://www.justice.gov/multimedia/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank,%20N.A.,%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/001-01.pdf ; "V.I. Officials Enabled Epstein to Act With Impunity, JPMorgan Alleges in Latest Salvo." *St. Thomas Source,* June 16, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20240721172424/https://stthomassource.com/content/2023/06/16/v-i-officials-enabled-epstein-to-act-with-impunity-jpmorgan-alleges-in-latest-salvo/
[^10]: Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. Estate of Jeffrey E. Epstein, No. ST-20-CV-14 (V.I. Super. Ct.), Second Amended Complaint, paragraph 159 (terms of the Southern Trust certificate), ECF No. 1-1 in No. 1:22-cv-10904-JSR (S.D.N.Y.). https://web.archive.org/web/20260117011558/https://www.justice.gov/multimedia/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank,%20N.A.,%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/001-01.pdf
[^11]: Carlson, Suzanne. "Epstein estate could be ordered to repay more than $144 million in tax breaks." *Virgin Islands Daily News,* February 13, 2020. http://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/news/epstein-estate-could-be-ordered-to-repay-more-than-144-million-in-tax-breaks/article_b84d9710-14af-5e69-a890-bcf8265cf8f9.html
[^12]: Government of the United States Virgin Islands v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 1:22-cv-10904-JSR (S.D.N.Y.), Exhibit 83, ECF No. 194-24 (filed June 20, 2023), pp. 39 to 47 (Frazer letters of July 25 and August 14, 2012). https://web.archive.org/web/20260117011719/https://www.justice.gov/multimedia/Court%20Records/Government%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Virgin%20Islands%20v.%20JPMorgan%20Chase%20Bank,%20N.A.,%20No.%20122-cv-10904%20(S.D.N.Y.%202022)/194-24.pdf
[^13]: Carlson, Suzanne. "Files reveal Epstein's efforts to influence V.I. officials; emails with Mapp." *Virgin Islands Daily News,* February 2, 2026. https://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/news/files-reveal-epstein-s-efforts-to-influence-v-i-officials-emails-with-mapp/article_2dd4fe69-4daf-4dc2-b3b8-37a929002bb6.html
[^14]: Doe 1 v. Government of the United States Virgin Islands, No. 1:23-cv-10301-AS (S.D.N.Y.), Opinion and Order, ECF No. 202 (March 21, 2025), and Stipulation and Order of Dismissal, ECF No. 224 (September 23, 2025). https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.610915/gov.uscourts.nysd.610915.202.0.pdf ; https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/68031620/doe-1-v-government-of-the-united-states-virgin-islands/
[^15]: U.S. Census Bureau, "First 2020 Census United States Island Areas Data Released Today," October 2021. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/10/first-2020-census-united-states-island-areas-data-released-today.html