BCCI research and Narratives

10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Adnan Khashoggi.md

@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
+---
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - international arms merchant
+  - financier
+---
 [[Adnan Khashoggi]] was an international arms merchant and a factotum for the House of Saud. He was considered the richest man in the world in the 1980s. Khashoggi covered his financial tracks by establishing front companies in [[Switzerland]] and [[Liechtenstein]] to handle his commissions. He also developed contacts with notable figures such as [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] officers [[James H. Critchfield]] and [[Kim Roosevelt]], and U.S. businessman [[Bebe Rebozo]], a close associate of former U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]].[^1]
 
 Khashoggi's sister, [[Samira Khashoggi Fayed]], was the mother of [[Dodi Fayed]], who was romantically involved with [[Diana, Princess of Wales]]. Khashoggi's yacht, *Nabila*, was the largest in the world at the time and was featured in the James Bond film *Never Say Never Again*.[^1]
 
 ### Involvement in Iran-Contra Affair and PROMIS Scandal
 
-Khashoggi was implicated in the [[Iran-Contra Affair]] as a key middleman in the arms-for-hostages exchange, working alongside Iranian arms dealer [[Manucher Ghorbanifar]]. He was found to have borrowed money for these arms purchases from the now-bankrupt financial institution, the [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International|BCCI]], with Saudi and U.S. backing.[^1]
+Khashoggi was implicated in the [[Iran-Contra Affair]] as a key middleman in the arms-for-hostages exchange, working alongside Iranian arms dealer [[Manucher Ghorbanifar]]. He was found to have borrowed money for these arms purchases from the now-bankrupt financial institution, the [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International|BCCI]], with [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] and U.S. backing.[^1] BCCI helped Adnan Khashoggi finance the sale of arms to [[Iran]] as a part of the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan Administration]]'s Iran-Contra effort.[^2] Khashoggi participated in five of the deals for the [[United States]], and BCCI provided the bridge financing through [[Israel]] to [[Iran]].[^3]
 
 He was also involved in brokering the transaction of [[PROMIS]] software to an Arab Sheik for resale and general distribution. He was mentioned in a document dated May 16, 1985, along with [[Manucher Ghorbanifar]] and [[Richard Armitage]], as individuals who would broker this transaction. [[William Bradford Reynolds]] independently remembered Armitage, Khashoggi, and Ghorbanifar working together on [[PROMIS]].[^1]
 
@@ -12,7 +18,14 @@ He was also involved in brokering the transaction of [[PROMIS]] software to an A
 
 In 1988, Khashoggi was arrested in [[Switzerland]], accused of concealing funds. He was held for three months and then extradited to the [[United States]], where he was released on bail and subsequently acquitted. In 1990, a [[United States|U.S.]] federal jury in Manhattan acquitted Khashoggi and [[Imelda Marcos]], widow of the exiled Philippine President [[Ferdinand Marcos]], of racketeering and fraud.[^1]
 
+### Connections
+
+His cousin, [[Hassan Yassin]], was described as a close business associate of [[Kamal Adham]].[^4]
+
 ---
 ## Footnotes
 
-[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.
+[^2]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 12.
+[^3]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 387.
+[^4]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 352.

10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Douglas Mulholland.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+tags: ["Person", "Government Official", "Intelligence"]
+---
+Douglas Mulholland was the intelligence liaison at the [[Treasury Department]].[^1]
+
+### Role in BCCI Investigation
+
+In January 1985, a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] agent delivered an unusual document to Mulholland's office, which contained information about the [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International|BCCI]]'s money-laundering activities.[^1] Mulholland stated in Senate testimony that he had never seen an agency report delivered in such a format, indicating its sensitive nature.[^1]
+
+Mulholland was reportedly impressed by the report and hand-carried it to Secretary of the Treasury [[Donald Regan]].[^1] He also sent it to the deputy comptroller of the currency, [[Robert R. Bench]].[^1]
+
+Despite the significance of the information, Mulholland later claimed he could not remember what he did after receiving the memo, and his memory on this point was classified by the CIA.[^1] A subsequent CIA memo described Mulholland's actions, noting that he reported to the CIA that he had carried the report directly to the Secretary for his further disposition.[^1]
+
+## Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 364-365.