--- created: 2025-07-22 updated: 2026-10-12 title: Monroe Institute aliases: - The Monroe Institute - Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences - Monroe Institute of Applied Science - MIAS - TMI tags: - Organization - Research - Consciousness - HemiSync - Stargate - CenterLane - GrillFlame - GondolaWish - RemoteViewing - OutOfBodyExperience description: The Monroe Institute is a consciousness research and training center in Faber, Virginia, founded around Robert Monroe's Hemi-Sync audio method, which Army intelligence units examined from 1978 and used from 1980 in the Grill Flame and Center Lane remote viewing programs. category: "Private Organization" summary: "Consciousness research center in Faber, Virginia, built on Robert Monroe's Hemi-Sync audio method, which Army intelligence units used from 1980 in Grill Flame and Center Lane remote viewer training." start: 1971 location: "Faber, Virginia, USA" relations: - type: founded with: "[[Robert Monroe]]" reverse: true start: 1971 fn: 1 - type: head_of with: "[[Robert Monroe]]" reverse: true role: Executive Director start: 1978 fn: 7 - type: head_of with: "[[Nancy McMoneagle]]" reverse: true role: Director start: 1983 end: 1991 fn: 48 - type: head_of with: "[[Frederick Atwater]]" reverse: true role: President start: 2006 fn: 50 - type: head_of with: "[[Nancy McMoneagle]]" reverse: true role: President and Executive Director start: 2014 end: 2019 fn: 48 - type: head_of with: "[[Scott Taylor]]" reverse: true role: President start: 2019 end: 2021 fn: 44 - type: head_of with: "[[Allyn Evans]]" reverse: true role: President start: 2021 fn: 46 - type: director_of with: "[[Thomas Campbell]]" reverse: true role: Board of Advisors start: 1981 fn: 40 - type: director_of with: "[[Stuart Twemlow]]" reverse: true role: Board of Advisors start: 1981 fn: 40 - type: director_of with: "[[Charles Tart]]" reverse: true role: Board of Advisors (emeritus) start: 2009 fn: 13 - type: contractor_to with: "[[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command]]" start: 1980 end: 1984 role: Hemi-Sync training for remote viewers fn: 34 - type: participant_in with: "[[Gondola Wish]]" start: 1978 end: 1978 fn: 7 - type: participant_in with: "[[Grill Flame]]" start: 1980 end: 1982 fn: 25 - type: participant_in with: "[[Center Lane]]" start: 1983 end: 1984 fn: 30 --- The [[Monroe Institute]] of Applied Sciences is a consciousness research and training center in [[Faber, Virginia]], in the Blue Ridge foothills of [[Nelson County, Virginia]], built around the audio method [[Hemi-Sync]] developed by the broadcasting executive [[Robert Monroe]]. From 1978 its methods were examined, and from 1980 used, by [[U.S. Army|Army]] intelligence units that ran the remote viewing programs [[Grill Flame]] and [[Center Lane]], and its Gateway program was the subject of a 1983 study by an Army officer, [[Wayne McDonnell]], who found the process plausible in terms of physical-science parameters.[^1][^2] ### Robert Monroe and the Founding Monroe was born in [[Wabash, Indiana]] on October 30, 1915, received a BA from [[Ohio State University]] in 1937, and began a career as a radio program writer, director, producer and executive.[^2] In 1958, then a New York broadcasting executive, Monroe began leaving his body. The Institute dates its own founding to 1971, the year [[Doubleday]] published his [[Journeys Out of the Body]].[^1] He had created and produced some four hundred radio and television network programs and become owner and operator of a radio network and cable television system in Virginia.[^3] The current tax-exempt corporation reports a formation year of 1985 and an IRS ruling date of June 1, 2011.[^4][^5] The first experiences came in the spring of 1958, during experiments in learning during sleep with Monroe himself as the subject.[^6] In 1978 he was Executive Director of the Institute, then at Post Office Box 57 in [[Afton, Virginia]], and was styled Institute Chairman in its bulletin.[^7][^8] By 1981 the address was Post Office Box 94C in Faber, and the Army's papers of 1983 and 1984 give [[Nellysford, Virginia]].[^2][^9][^10] ### Research with Charles Tart The psychologist [[Charles Tart]] met Monroe in the fall of 1965, when Tart took a research position at the [[University of Virginia]] Medical School in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]]. Tart wrote that Monroe came in for eight late-night sessions at the hospital's EEG laboratory from December 1965 to August 1966, trying to produce out-of-body experiences while connected to recording instruments; the introduction Tart wrote for Monroe's book dates the series to September 1965 through August 1966.[^6][^11] The introduction states that on the eighth night Monroe produced two brief experiences, and that in the second he correctly described the laboratory technician as out of the room, with a man, later identified as her husband, in a corridor.[^6] Monroe's account of a session on July 19, 1966 records that the technician later confirmed to Tart that she was in the outer hall with her husband at the indicated time, that Monroe had not known he was present, and that Tart stated "the EEG shows definite unusual and unique tracings during time of activity."[^6] Tart wrote in 1998 that the result left "only weak evidence that Monroe was actually 'out'" on that occasion.[^11] After Tart moved to the [[University of California, Davis]], he and his wife set up a distance experiment in which they concentrated on guiding Monroe to their California home at a time chosen at random, 11 P.M. Pacific time. Monroe's notes recorded a sensation of being pulled from his body within a minute of the start, at 2 A.M. in Virginia; Tart wrote that the timing matched and that Monroe's description of the home was poor.[^6][^11] In 1968, during a visit to California, Monroe had a two-hour session in Tart's sleep laboratory at Davis with two brief experiences, monitored by EEG, eye movements and plethysmograph.[^11] Tart's introduction to Journeys Out of the Body is dated Davis, California, January 10, 1971.[^6] Tart's later role appears in military and Institute records. An Army assessment of August 25, 1978 recorded that Tart "has conducted investigations of Monroe under laboratory conditions and is convinced of the validity of Monroe's experience," and that Tart "recently recommended that anyone wanting to learn about OOBE should contact MIAS."[^7] On July 29, 1978, [[Frederick Atwater]], project officer for [[Gondola Wish]] at the [[902d Military Intelligence Group]], attended a seminar given by Tart on out-of-body experiences and strengthening ESP abilities, at which Tart was described as a consultant to [[Stanford Research Institute]] on leave from Davis. Atwater's memorandum records that when attendees asked where one could learn more about out-of-body experience, Tart referred them to the Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences.[^12] A biographical note to a 2009 interview describes Tart as an emeritus member of the Institute's board of advisors, and the Institute's 2015 Professional Seminar, held on the twentieth anniversary of Monroe's death, carried a Skype question-and-answer with Tart on his friendship and collaboration with Monroe.[^13][^14] ### The Method, the Gateway Program and the Patents In the 1960s Monroe became interested in non-verbal audio patterns and brain-wave rhythms, advanced "from rotating disc circuit breakers" to custom-built signal generators, and made tape recordings with as many as sixteen patterns of sound mixed together on stereo channels. In the Institute's description, his system of binaural beats creates a frequency following response that "not only gives some control over the brainwave emission of each hemisphere, it also promotes brain-wave synchronization between the two hemispheres"; "an Advisory Board representing several major scientific disciplines formed around the Institute"; and in May 1975 Monroe "received a generic patent for this method."[^1] The Institute defines Hemi-Sync as the "synchronization of brain hemispheres through the use of audio pulse patterns."[^15] A patent granted on May 20, 1975, US 3,884,218, "Method of inducing and maintaining various stages of sleep in the human being," names Robert A. Monroe as inventor and Monroe Industries Inc. as original assignee; the application was filed on September 30, 1970.[^16] In 1978 the Institute sold the "sleep-producing audio patterns discovered and patented by Robert Monroe" to the public on a Mentronics Sleep Tape.[^8] A later patent, US 5,356,368, names Monroe as inventor and [[Interstate Industries]] as original assignee, was filed on March 1, 1991 and granted on October 18, 1994, and is titled "Method of and apparatus for inducing desired states of consciousness."[^17] The Institute states that Monroe "was granted a generic patent for this method and technique in 1975, and assigned it to the Institute."[^18] In the Institute's 1982 description, the Gateway Voyage program was originally the M-500 Research Project and is "the result of over 3,000 test exercises involving 1,932 participants, conducted by the Institute over the past ten years."[^18] The Institute scheduled twelve Gateway programs for 1982 at its training center in Faber, one of them from June 19 to 26; accepted participants were sent the Discovery album, six stereo cassettes with a guidance manual priced at $95 including postage, for home preparation at least a month before attending.[^18][^19] In 1980 the Institute opened its Professional Division for researchers and clinicians, with an executive committee of [[Arthur Gladman]], [[Stuart Twemlow]], [[Todd Mikurea]], [[Fowler Jones]], [[William Schul]] and [[Mary Jane Ledyard]].[^20] In 1978 the Institute announced that its new research site, the New Land, would occupy some 740 acres in Nelson County, with research facilities, a holistic health center under the New Community Church, an agricultural research station and residences.[^8] The Institute's M-5000 program, a course of recorded speech and sound effects for out-of-body experience, went to the [[Esalen Institute]] in [[Carmel, California]] in 1973, by invitation, for a tryout, and some 600 pioneers had tried it by the time [[Joan Kron]] profiled it in New York magazine.[^21] ### Gondola Wish, 1977 to 1978 The 902d Military Intelligence Group at [[Fort Meade]] had been investigating Soviet parapsychology intelligence since September 1977. Its assessment of August 25, 1978 records that Monroe's name surfaced in March 1978 in an open-source document on the psychiatrist [[Elisabeth Kübler-Ross]], who had said she completed an out-of-body training conducted by Monroe. The assessment states that the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] told the 902d that the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] had shown interest in Monroe in 1973 and 1974, that the agency then had no interest in him and called him "OK" from a security standpoint, that scientists at the [[Foreign Technology Division|Air Force Foreign Technology Division]] were most interested in his work, that [[Russell Targ]] and [[Hal Puthoff]] of SRI knew Monroe personally and believed him credible, that researchers at the [[Menninger Foundation]] had validated the concepts behind his technique with their "theta-gateway" principle, and that [[Thelma Moss]] of the University of California at Los Angeles was aware of his work. Security file checks developed no derogatory information.[^7] Monroe was interviewed at the Institute on April 6, 1978. On May 3, 1978 he received a security indoctrination and agreed to keep contact confidential and to train three military intelligence personnel in out-of-body experience in October and November 1978 for a fee of $2,000. The project's unclassified title was Gondola Wish.[^7] On September 25, 1978, Colonel [[Littlefield]] and Lieutenant Colonel [[Robert Keenan]] of the 902d met Colonel [[Capps]] of the Army staff office DAMI-ISH, who related that the concept was cancelled, that "Monroe Institute not cleared," that a contract for training "involving experiements with the mind must be cleared through an office at HEW," and that the [[Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command]] held an ongoing contract with SRI to which the training could be added, with $15,000 from the Army intelligence staff and $50,000 from [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]].[^22] The 902d's status report of September 26, 1978 records that the 902d had been advised the week before to cease further planning for "its concept of training with the Monroe Institute," that General [[William Rolya|Rolya]] approved $50,000 in year-end funds as an add-on to the SRI contract, and that $65,000 in all was provided to the command for the SRI training.[^23] An Army human-use chronology lists the cancellation on September 26, 1978 because the Institute was not cleared for classified training and because its training "could be categorized as experimenting with human use."[^24] ### Grill Flame, 1980 to 1982 A trip report for September 18 to 28, 1980 records that from September 20 to 28 Atwater attended the Institute's eight-day training seminar to assess its applicability to the INSCOM Grill Flame Project. He recorded fifty relaxation and concentration exercises of 50 to 60 minutes each, most of them in a soundproof booth with stereo headphones carrying surf sounds combined with a four hertz beat frequency; that the exercises at the level the Institute calls Focus 10 enhance remote viewing; and that the Time Wheel exercise at Focus 15 turns attention to the future or the past. He recommended that experienced remote viewers be scheduled for the Institute's seminars.[^25] The report states that Monroe "has a SECRET security clearance," "has signed a consultant security agreement and has agreed to keep confidential his contact with IGFP personnel," that "No other personnel at MIAS are aware of this agreement," that all contact had been on a "shallow cover" basis, and that Monroe "has not been 'read in' on IGFP and remains unaware of the extent of the program."[^25] In a memorandum of March 12, 1982, Atwater recommended the Institute's Discovery series as a screening tool and as the first phase of an "enhanced relaxation/concentration program," followed by Gateway attendance, an assessment period of three to six months, one-on-one sessions with Monroe, the use of the Monroe audio tapes during operational remote viewing sessions, and biomonitoring devices. The memorandum states that the Gateway program "is the core of the Monroe training" and that its author had completed it "for the expressed purpose of assessing it," and it proposes a trip to the Institute on April 5 and 6, 1982 to buy the Discovery series directly from Monroe and to set a schedule for a remote viewer's Gateway attendance.[^26] On April 13, 1982 the command psychologist wrote that a remote viewer identified as Joe should begin advanced training in May or June, and that a visit to the Institute by the project manager, Fred, Joe and himself would facilitate "Monroe technology transfer to DET. G."[^27] An April 21, 1982 memorandum by Lieutenant Colonel [[Robert Jachim]], the Grill Flame project manager, proposed advanced individual training of Detachment G remote viewers at the Gateway Voyage program, at a seven-day seminar from June 19 to 26 where Army personnel "will be intermixed with members of the general public," paid at $850 per individual for tuition, room and meals from ICF funds, a choice that "precludes identification of GRILL FLAME personnel to the Army finance personnel normally involved in travel processing."[^28] A request addressed to Brigadier General [[Garrison Rapmund]], chairman of the Human Use Committee of the [[Medical Intelligence and Information Agency]], signed by Colonel [[Chad B. White]] of the Army's operations staff, states that the remote viewing office had been conducting sessions under the AMSAA Grill Flame protocol since March 1979 and under the INSCOM Grill Flame protocol of June 1, 1981, that "the most critical element conducive to reliable remote viewing is the ability of the remote viewer to physically relax and mentally concentrate on the task at hand," and that "A unique form of relaxation/concentration methodology has become available through the Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences." It proposed sessions of 30 to 60 minutes, 3 to 5 times per week, at audio levels "never to exceed 20 dBA and usually in the 5-10dBA range," and recommended that the protocol "be modified to include the MIAS methodology."[^9] A 1985 Defense Intelligence Agency memorandum records that the Army General Counsel determined in February 1979 that the activity could be classified as testing on human subjects and in December 1980 that the INSCOM program did constitute experimentation on human subjects subject to Procedure 18 of DoD Directive 5240.1-R.[^29] The Army chronology lists a Grill Flame operative attending Gateway training at the Institute in September 1980, another from June 19 to 26, 1982, and another in November 1982.[^30] A Grill Flame session report for a session of July 6, 1982, number 928, carries the administrative note "THIS IS THE FIRST SESSION FOR THIS VIEWER AFTER PHASE II OF MONROE TRAINING."[^31] ### Center Lane, 1982 to 1984 The Army chronology records that on December 3, 1982 the project name was changed to Center Lane, and that on June 15, 1983 the Secretary of the Army approved a special access program for Center Lane, after a briefing of the Secretary by Major General [[Albert Stubblebine]] on June 13.[^30] The briefing script presented to the Secretary of the Army on October 5, 1983 states: "BY THE END OF 1980, WE BEGAN AN ADVANCED TRAINING PROGRAM USING THE HEMISPHERIC SYNCHRONIZATION PROCESS DEVELOPED BY ROBERT A. MONROE AND USED AT THE MONROE INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCE IN VIRGINIA. AS YOU RECALL, GENERAL STUBBLEBINE BRIEFED YOU ON THE HEMISYNC PROCESS AND PROVIDED YOU WITH SLEEP TAPES. THIS TRAINING ENABLES SOURCE PERSONNEL (RVERS) TO ACHIEVE STATES CONDUCIVE TO PSYCHOENERGETIC AWARENESS." Other copies of the script repeat the sentence about the end of 1980, one of them introducing Atwater as the project's operations officer.[^32][^33] The Center Lane chronology records, under July 19, 1983, "Contract signed with Mr. Robert Monroe for 'One-on-One' training of CENTER LANE operative at MIAS," another Gateway attendance in August 1983, the start of one-on-one training with Monroe between October 31 and November 4, 1983, another Gateway attendance in November 1983, and "MIAS Advanced Training completed" on July 13, 1984.[^30] A March 7, 1985 Center Lane information paper states that the fiscal year 1983 budget of $121K included "expansion of advanced training under a consultant services agreement with Mr. Robert Monroe of the Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences, Faber, Virginia at a cost of $24.4K."[^30] A memorandum of March 29, 1984 records that "In July 1983, the CENTER LANE office awarded a personal services contract to Mr. Robert Monroe" to examine "his technology (HEMI-SYNC) in the psychoenergetic intelligence collection process," aimed initially at a seasoned source's target resolution; that better than expected results had altered its objectives to include training the source "in anticipation of his continued participation in CL as a private consultant after his retirement"; and that the project manager was "aware that Mr. McMoneagle will retire soon after completion of the training." The memorandum refers to a trip report on advanced training from March 19 to 23, 1984.[^34] [[Joe McMoneagle]] is the source named in it. The January 5, 1984 INSCOM information paper for the Secretary of the Army states: "USAINSCOM association with MIAS dates to 1978, when the potentials of the Hemi-Sync process were considered for application within INSCOM's initial psychoenergetic efforts." It states that "CENTER LANE Advanced Training with MIAS consists of four progressive phases that lead to full use of the Hemi-Sync process during CENTER LANE intelligence collection missions," that [[Rapid Acquisition Personnel Training]] (RAPT) "is an application of the Hemi-Sync process designed to improve managerial and intra-personal relation's skills" and "is used to screen prospective source personnel and sensitize intelligence managers and consumers to intelligence applications of psychoenergetics," and that the INSCOM Center for Excellence "plans to use MIAS/Hemi-Sync technology for accelerated learning of foreign language skills."[^2] The 1985 papers describe the four phases as the Monroe Discovery series at Fort Meade, attendance at the Gateway program, one-on-one training with Monroe at the Institute, and "specially designed hemi-sync environments during applications training done at Fort Meade."[^30] On November 10, 1983 the commanding general of INSCOM directed the use of the RAPT seminar at the Institute as a screening and sensitizing tool for the Center Lane project; "For OPSEC reasons, RAPT was funded and administered by the INSCOM Organizational Effectiveness Office (CENTEX), but managed by the ICLP Manager," and it was cancelled as a screening tool on March 13, 1984. The chronology lists RAPT seminars at the Institute from December 2 to 9, 1983 and January 20 to 27, 1984.[^30] A fact sheet of January 31, 1984 states that all INSCOM personnel who attend RAPT sign a voluntary informed consent form, and that the Secretary of the Army "was briefed concerning the INSCOM involvement of Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences on 5 January 1984, at his request."[^35] Lieutenant Colonel [[Brian Buzby]] and Captain Atwater briefed the Secretary of the Army, [[John Marsh]], on Center Lane at the [[Pentagon]] on October 5, 1983, from 10:15 to 11:05, in a briefing Marsh had requested on September 1, 1983 when he approved continuation of the project.[^36] On January 5, 1984, from 14:05 to 14:35, Buzby and "Mr. Fred Atwater" met Marsh to discuss Monroe, the Institute and INSCOM involvement with it; Buzby handed Marsh the information paper and summarized it, and the Secretary then asked a series of questions on RAPT, Center Lane and the Institute, including the use of Monroe "in a personal services contract."[^37] The chronology notes for the January 5, 1984 briefing "MIAS discussed" with the Director of the Army Staff in attendance, and records that on March 13, 1984 that officer directed cancellation of RAPT as a Center Lane personnel screening vehicle. Operations ceased on September 28, 1984.[^30] The INSCOM High Performance Task Force report of March 1983, *An INSCOM Beyond Excellence*, lists the Institute at "Nellysford, VA 22958" in its vendor roster, describing the technique as "A machine aided process which more closely aligns brain wave activity (frequency/amplitude) in both left and right brain hemispheres."[^10] After Center Lane passed to the Defense Intelligence Agency under a memorandum of agreement of February 11, 1985, the [[Sun Streak]] unit's reports of February 1987 and July 15, 1987 list, among advanced individual training for selected experienced remote viewers, Hemisync training "available from The Monroe Institute," which "has been successfully employed in the past and is fully documented under separate cover."[^29][^38] ### The Gateway Assessment of 1983 On June 9, 1983, Lieutenant Colonel Wayne McDonnell, signing as Commander, Det O, sent a study titled "Analysis and Assessment of Gateway Process" to the commander of the US Army Operational Group at Fort Meade. He wrote that he had been tasked to assess the Gateway Experience "in terms of its mechanics and ultimate practicality," and that conversations with a physician who took the Gateway training with him led him to the biomedical models of [[Itzhak Bentov]].[^39] His paper describes the Gateway sequence: the "energy conversion box," resonant humming, the Hemi-Sync frequencies and numbered Focus states, with Focus 12 for expanded awareness and "tools," Focus 15 as the past and Focus 21 as the future. It states that "Probably less than five percent of all participants in any given Gateway Experience actually fully achieve the Focus 15 state during the course of the approximately seven days of training." It records that Monroe informed the Gateway class that finished May 7, 1983 that an ex-trainer operating in Charlottesville found he could guarantee out-of-body movement by bringing participants down into REM sleep and then using the Hemi-Sync tape technique, and quotes Monroe in a recent magazine article as saying that the out-of-body tape employs Beta signals of "around 2877.3 CPS."[^39] On information collection, the paper reports that, according to one of the Institute's trainers, numerous experiments had sent persons "from one coast to the other in the out-of-body state to read a series of ten computer generated numbers in a university laboratory," and that "Although most have aquired enough of the digits to make clear that their consciousness was present none have ever succeeded in getting all ten correct." Paragraph 38 concludes: "There is a sound, rational basis in terms of physical science parameters for considering Gateway to be plausible in terms of its essential objectives."[^39] McDonnell's recommended approach for the Army runs through twelve steps, lettered A to L. They begin with the Gateway Hemi-Sync tapes for hemisphere synchronization, add REM-sleep frequencies and hypnotic suggestion, and repeat the sequence until out-of-body movement is under conscious control, then proceed to Focus 15 and 21. Step H proposes a multi-focus approach in which three individuals go out of the body together, one viewing the target in time-space, one viewing it at Focus 15 as it slips into the immediate past and one at Focus 21 as it slips from the immediate future, with the three debriefed and compared. Step J advises being "intellectually prepared to react to possible encounters with intelligent, non-corporal energy forms when time-space boundaries are exceeded," and step K proposes that groups at Focus 12 "unite their altered consciousness to build holographic patterns around sensitive areas to repulse possible unwanted out-of-body presences."[^39] ### Board of Advisors and Staff A memorandum for record of August 25, 1983 states that "The activities and policies of the Institute are set by a Board of Advisors," and lists seventeen names since June 1, 1981 with titles and positions. The psychiatrist Arthur Gladman was president of [[Gladman Memorial Hospital]] in Oakland, California. [[David Francis]], a senior executive, was chairman of the board of [[Princess Coal]] in Huntington, West Virginia. [[Thomas Campbell]], a physicist, was a research physicist at the [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]. Stuart Twemlow, a psychiatrist, was a clinician and researcher formerly of the Menninger Foundation. Fowler Jones, an educator, was a professor of psychology at the [[University of Kansas Medical Center]]. Todd Mikurea, a psychiatrist, was listed as a researcher and writer. Mary Jane Ledyard, a psychologist, was a transpersonal psychologist at the [[Federal Executive Institute]] in Charlottesville. [[Anthony K. Busch]], a psychiatrist, was a clinician in St. Louis. [[Arthur J. Ellison]], an educator, was chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering at [[City University, London]]. The remaining names were [[Carole Dean]], president of [[Studio Films]] in Los Angeles; [[James Beal]], an aerospace engineer associated with [[Martin Marietta]] in New Orleans; [[Joseph Chilton Pearce|Joseph Pearce]], listed as the author of Bond of Power, Magical Child and Crack in the Cosmic Egg; [[William E. Herrmann]], a former manager of the professional training division of [[General Electric]] in New York; [[Wilson Bullard]], a biochemist and professor at the [[University of Utah]]; [[Bill D. Schul]], an educator and research psychologist directing a research foundation in Wichita, Kansas, in biofeedback research and development; [[Gregory Chandler]], a newspaper publisher on Long Island; and [[David Stanley]], a cardiovascular surgeon at [[Oak Ridge]], Tennessee, who "Currently uses tapes during actual operations."[^40] The memorandum also lists Mary Jane Ledyard, [[Samuel Caughron]] and [[Martin Albert]] as consultants available during a seminar, and recommends that questions on the technology in use at the Institute and its medical impact "can best be answered by MG Garrison Rapmund, Commander, USA Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD."[^40] The Institute's 1982 bulletin gives the board as of June 1, 1981 with [[Warren Braun]], an engineer, in the place of Ellison, and lists the 1982 staff: [[R. F. Korbesmeyer]], director of administration; [[Melissa Jager]], director of training; [[Rosalind McKnight]], research coordinator; [[Lucinda Honeycutt]], registrar; and field representatives Carole Dean in Los Angeles, Arthur Ellison in London, [[Christian Schaller]] in Geneva and [[Jack Scher]] in New York.[^18] ### Officers and Finances The Institute is a 501(c)(3) organization with employer identification number 90-0681223 and an address at 365 Roberts Mountain Road, Faber. Reported total revenue was $2,274,489 and expenses $2,402,778 for 2011, revenue was $4,552,691 for 2019, total assets were $6,300,323 at the end of 2020, and for 2023 revenue was $4,221,775, expenses $5,274,465 and assets $4,047,002.[^5] [[Nancy McMoneagle]] was executive director and then president for tax years 2016 to 2018, with reportable compensation of $88,426, $93,017 and $96,985, and [[Angie Smith]] was secretary and treasurer at $59,281, $62,392 and $66,578. The directors for 2016 were [[Frank Kenna]], [[Fred Rible]], [[Joseph Felser]], [[Claude Swanson]], [[Chris Van Cleemput]], [[Juanita Lee Fisher]], [[Rolf Nuyts]] and [[Linda Connolly]]; by 2017 Kenna was chairman and [[Janet Reed]] and [[Stephen Ng Qui Sang]] had joined.[^41][^42][^43] [[Scott Taylor]] was president and executive officer for 2019 at $75,283 and for 2020 at $98,654, with Kenna as chairman for 2019 and Reed as board chair for 2020.[^44][^45] For 2021, [[Allyn Evans]] was interim CEO at $51,943, and for 2022 president at $99,107, with Reed as board chair, Kenna as secretary and Fred Rible as treasurer.[^46][^47] For 2023 Evans was paid $148,452, Reed as chair, Kenna as treasurer, [[Joel McGinely]] as secretary, and directors [[James Becker]] and [[Luigi Sciambarella]].[^4] Nancy McMoneagle, Robert Monroe's stepdaughter and the wife of Joe McMoneagle, was director of the Institute from 1983 to 1991 and president and executive director from 2014 until she retired on March 4, 2019, when Scott Taylor succeeded her.[^48] ### Atwater and the Institute Frederick Atwater, the Center Lane operations officer who first attended the Gateway program in September 1980, published a 1997 paper on binaural beat technology under the Institute's name.[^49] According to the Center Lane Project's biographical glossary, in September 1988 he accepted the position of Research Director in the Bob Monroe Research Lab at the Institute, and in December 2006 he became its president.[^50] Army papers of 1983 list him both as Captain, MI, and as "Mr."[^51] His memoir, *Captain of My Ship, Master of My Soul*, describes his Army remote viewing career and his later work at the Institute.[^52] ### The Gateway Document Release The McDonnell study carries a CIA reading room release stamp of September 10, 2003. On January 24, 2021, [[John Greenewald]] posted it on [[The Black Vault]] as a document from the CIA's Stargate collection. The post, last modified February 19, 2024, states that page 25 of the 29-page document had been missing for as long as the site had known of the document, that a 2021 request for the page was "lost" by the CIA, that a December 2023 follow-up produced the answer that the page could not be found and that a request should be sent to INSCOM, and that page 25 was later received from the Institute itself, according to an article the post cites.[^53] ### Footnotes [^1]: Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences, *The Gateway Program*, promotional text, c. 1980-83. CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270006-0, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection (second copy CIA-RDP96-00788R001700210040-8). [^2]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, information paper "The Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences," IAGPA-F-SD, January 5, 1984, with attached Institute material including "The Discovery Program." CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270004-2, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^3]: Monroe, Robert A., *Journeys Out of the Body*, updated edition (Main Street Books, Doubleday), author note and Far Journeys reference. archive.org item journeys_out_body. [^4]: Internal Revenue Service, Form 990 of The Monroe Institute, tax year ending December 31, 2023, Part VII and formation year, object ID 202431839349301258 (IRS TEOS XML, 2024_TEOS_XML_07A). [^5]: ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer, The Monroe Institute, EIN 90-0681223, organization and filing data (ruling date June 2011; filing totals 2011 to 2023). projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/900681223. [^6]: Monroe, Robert A., *Journeys Out of the Body* (Doubleday), including Charles T. Tart, introduction dated Davis, California, January 10, 1971, and Monroe's Experiment EEG-5 of July 19, 1966. archive.org item journeys_out_body. [^7]: 902d Military Intelligence Group, GONDOLA WISH assessment report, August 25, 1978, paragraphs 3 to 8. CIA-RDP96-00788R002000160001-3, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^8]: Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences, *The Explorer* vol. 1, no. 2, "New Land Construction Now Under Way," 1978. CIA-RDP96-00788R001700210063-3, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^9]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "Request for Administrative Review of INSCOM GRILL FLAME Protocol," undated (it refers to the protocol of June 1, 1981), signed Chad B. White, Colonel, GS, ADCSOPS-HUMINT, to BG Garrison Rapmund. CIA-RDP96-00788R001100200005-4, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^10]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, *An INSCOM Beyond Excellence: Army High Performance Task Force Report*, March 1983, vendor roster. archive.org item INSCOMHPTFReport, file "INSCOM_HPTF Report_djvu.txt". [^11]: Tart, Charles T., "Six Studies of Out-of-Body Experiences," *Journal of Near-Death Studies* 17, no. 2 (1998): 73-99, third, fourth and fifth studies, pp. 83-90. digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799368/. [^12]: 902d Military Intelligence Group, memorandum "Attendance at Scientific Seminar in Support of GONDOLA WISH (U)," July 31, 1978, signed Frederick H. Atwater, Project Officer. CIA-RDP96-00788R002000160013-0, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^13]: Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, "Exploring the Near-Death Experience: An Interview with Charles Tart, Ph.D.," interview of December 16, 2009, biographical note. maps.org/news/bulletin/exploring-the-near-death-experience-an-interview-with-charles-tart-ph-d/. [^14]: The Monroe Institute, "2015 Professional Seminar: Charles Tart Remembers Robert Monroe," Institute archive upload, March 17, 2015. archive.org/details/2015-charles-tart. [^15]: Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences, "A Communication from the Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences," Hemi-Sync Process, Bulletin PR31380H. CIA-RDP96-00788R001700210065-1, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^16]: US Patent 3,884,218, "Method of inducing and maintaining various stages of sleep in the human being," inventor Robert A. Monroe, assignee Monroe Industries Inc., filed September 30, 1970, granted May 20, 1975. patents.google.com/patent/US3884218A. [^17]: US Patent 5,356,368, "Method of and apparatus for inducing desired states of consciousness," inventor Robert A. Monroe, assignee Interstate Industries Inc., filed March 1, 1991, granted October 18, 1994. patents.google.com/patent/US5356368A. [^18]: Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences, bulletin "1982 Gateway Program Schedule" with board list as of June 1, 1981, staff list and "The Gateway Voyage Program." CIA-RDP96-00788R001200060009-5, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^19]: Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences, "The Discovery Program" ($95.00 including postage), attachment to the INSCOM information paper of January 5, 1984. CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270004-2, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^20]: Monroe Institute of Applied Sciences, bulletin "Professional Division Opens," 1980. CIA-RDP96-00788R001700210061-5, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. The executive committee member appears as Todd Mickurea in this bulletin, Todd Mijurea in the memorandum of August 25, 1983 and Todd Mikurea in the 1982 bulletin. [^21]: Kron, Joan, profile of the Institute's M-5000 program, New York magazine, year-end issue (undated reprint). CIA-RDP96-00788R001700210026-4, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^22]: Keenan, Robert E., memorandum "GRILL FLAME," 902d Military Intelligence Group, TAGPA-F-CO, September 25, 1978. CIA-RDP96-00788R001200240011-2, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^23]: 902d Military Intelligence Group, memorandum for BG Smith, "GRILL FLAME Status Report (U)," TAGPA-CO, September 26, 1978, signed Littlefield. CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440004-9, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^24]: US Army, "Human Use Chronology," entry of September 26, 1978. CIA-RDP96-00788R001100430001-3, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^25]: Atwater, Frederick H., memorandum for the record, "Trip Report, 18-28 September 1980," September 30, 1980. CIA-RDP96-00788R001200060028-4, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^26]: Atwater, Frederick H., CPT, MI, Ops/Training Officer, memorandum "Your Inquiry re: Discovery Series and Gateway Program (U)," IAGPC-G, March 12, 1982. CIA-RDP96-00788R001200060027-5, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^27]: Command Psychologist, DA Form 2496 "Individual Training Requirements-Joe," April 13, 1982. CIA-RDP96-00788R001200060008-6, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^28]: Jachim, Robert J., memorandum for ADCSOPS-HUMINT, "Advanced Individual Training for DET G Personnel (U)," April 21, 1982. CIA-RDP96-00788R001200060007-7, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^29]: Defense Intelligence Agency, action memorandum for the Deputy Secretary of Defense, "DIA Psychoenergetics Activity," S/NF/WNINTEL-135/GC, March 1985. CIA-RDP96-00788R001100390001-8, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^30]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, *Center Lane Information Papers for Director, Defense Intelligence Agency*, March 7, 1985, including "CENTER LANE Mission" (October 10, 1984), the budget history, the training programs paper and the approval history chronology. CIA-RDP96-00788R000400060001-2, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection (chronology also at CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8). [^31]: INSCOM Grill Flame Program, session report, remote viewing session #928, July 6, 1982. CIA-RDP96-00788R000700290001-4, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^32]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, memorandum "Secretary of the Army Briefing, 5 October 1983," IAGPA-F-SD, October 12, 1983, with Inclosure 2, the briefing script. CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270014-1, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^33]: Center Lane briefing scripts for LTC Buzby and Fred Atwater, undated. CIA-RDP96-00788R001700340002-6 and CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270022-2, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^34]: Security Support Detachment, USAINSCOM, memorandum for record "Continuation of MIAS Advanced Training (U)," IAGPA-F-SD, March 29, 1984. CIA-RDP96-00788R001700210002-0, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^35]: Buzby, Brian, fact sheet "GRILL FLAME/CENTER LANE," January 31, 1984. CIA-RDP96-00788R001200050001-4, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^36]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, memorandum "Secretary of the Army Briefing, 5 October 1983," IAGPA-F-SD, October 12, 1983, paragraph 1 (attendees and times). CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270014-1, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^37]: Security Support Detachment, USAINSCOM, 902d Military Intelligence Group, memorandum "MIAS Briefing to the Secretary of the Army, 5 January 1984," IAGPA-F-SD, January 6, 1984. CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270003-3, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^38]: Defense Intelligence Agency, DT-S, "SUN STREAK Annual Report 1986," February 1987 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001000010001-0), and "SUN STREAK Report - Second Quarter CY 87," July 15, 1987 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001000390007-3), advanced individual training appendix, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^39]: McDonnell, Wayne M., "Analysis and Assessment of Gateway Process," US Army Operational Group, US Army Intelligence and Security Command, June 9, 1983, paragraphs 1 to 5, 32, 33, 38 and the recommended steps. CIA-RDP96-00788R001700210016-5, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^40]: Memorandum for record, "Board of Advisors for Monroe Institute of Applied Science (M.I.A.S.)," August 25, 1983. CIA-RDP96-00788R001700210014-7, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. [^41]: Internal Revenue Service, Form 990 of The Monroe Institute, tax year 2016, Part VII, object ID 201721239349301212 (IRS TEOS XML, download990xml_2017_3). [^42]: Internal Revenue Service, Form 990 of The Monroe Institute, tax year 2017, Part VII, object ID 201832569349300913 (IRS TEOS XML, download990xml_2018_5). [^43]: Internal Revenue Service, Form 990 of The Monroe Institute, tax year 2018, Part VII, object ID 201920829349300002 (IRS TEOS XML, download990xml_2019_4). [^44]: Internal Revenue Service, Form 990 of The Monroe Institute, tax year 2019, Part VII, object ID 202000789349300500 (IRS TEOS XML, download990xml_2020_1); a second filing for the same year is object ID 202021849349300207. [^45]: Internal Revenue Service, Form 990 of The Monroe Institute, tax year 2020, Part VII, object ID 202110779349301201 (IRS TEOS XML, 2021_TEOS_XML_01A). [^46]: Internal Revenue Service, Form 990 of The Monroe Institute, tax year 2021, Part VII, object ID 202230879349300233 (IRS TEOS XML, 2022_TEOS_XML_01A). [^47]: Internal Revenue Service, Form 990 of The Monroe Institute, tax year 2022, Part VII, object ID 202303139349300725 (IRS TEOS XML, 2023_TEOS_XML_11A). [^48]: The Monroe Institute, "From the Director's Chair: March 2019, Nancy's Farewell." monroeinstitute.org/blogs/blog/director-s-chair-march-2019-nancys-farewell. [^49]: Atwater, F. Holmes, "Accessing Anomalous States of Consciousness with a Binaural Beat Technology," *Journal of Scientific Exploration* 11, no. 3 (1997): 263-274, author affiliation line. [^50]: Center Lane Project, glossary entry "Fred Holmes Skip Atwater." centerlane-rv.org/glossary/skip-atwater. [^51]: Security Support Detachment, USAINSCOM, memorandum "CENTER LANE TDY/Leave Schedule - 6-16 Sep 83," IAGPA-F-SD, August 31, 1983 ("Mr. Fred Atwater"). CIA-RDP96-00788R001600520010-8, CIA reading room, STARGATE collection. The designation Captain, MI, appears in CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270014-1. [^52]: Atwater, F. Holmes, *Captain of My Ship, Master of My Soul: Living with Guidance*. Hampton Roads, 2001. [^53]: Greenewald, John, "Stargate Collection: Analysis and Assessment of Gateway Process, 9 June 1983," The Black Vault, posted January 24, 2021, last modified February 19, 2024. theblackvault.com/documentarchive/stargate-collection-analysis-and-assessment-of-gateway-process-9-june-1983/.