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12
10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Caspar Weinberger.md
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---
updated: 2026-10-12
aliases:
- Caspar W. Weinberger
category: "Intelligence & Government"
@ -21,7 +22,18 @@ Caspar W. Weinberger (1917-2006) was an American politician and businessman who
Caspar Weinberger served as the Secretary of Defense under President Ronald Reagan. Following the Israeli bombing of the Iraqi nuclear reactor at [[Osirak bombing]] in June 1981, Weinberger proposed canceling the F-16 aircraft sale to [[Israel]] as a sanction. However, President Reagan privately disagreed with this course of action.[^2]
### Pollard Sentencing Declarations
In the [[Jonathan Pollard]] prosecution Weinberger submitted a classified declaration cataloguing the damage Pollard had done. The 1992 appellate opinion describes it as opining that the damage had been "substantial and irrevocable."[^3] The day before sentencing, Weinberger submitted an unclassified supplemental declaration responding to Pollard's sentencing memoranda. It is dated March 3, 1987.[^4]
In that declaration he wrote that "it is difficult for me, even in the so-called 'year of the spy,' to conceive of a greater harm to national security than that caused by the defendant." He argued that "the punishment imposed should reflect the perfidy of the individual's actions, the magnitude of the treason committed, and the needs of national security." He also stated that Pollard's "loyalty to Israel transcends his loyalty to the United States." He wrote that when confronted with a polygraph examination on February 25, 1987, Pollard acknowledged that he had either provided or confirmed certain information in a February 15, 1987 *Washington Post* article by talking to a journalist.[^4]
Judge Williams, dissenting in 1992, wrote that the repeated use of superlatives in the Weinberger memoranda "implied an appeal for the maximum."[^3] In a letter of December 21, 2010 to President [[Barack Obama]], former Attorney General [[Michael Mukasey]] described the submission of the Weinberger affidavits, "seeking a heavier sentence than requested by the prosecutors despite Pollard's guilty plea and cooperation," as "deeply disturbing."[^5]
### Footnotes
[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
[^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991.
[^3]: *United States v. Pollard*, 959 F.2d 1011 (D.C. Cir. 1992), No. 90-3276, decided March 20, 1992. https://static.case.law/f2d/959/cases/1011-01.json
[^4]: Supplemental Declaration of Caspar W. Weinberger, Secretary of Defense, *United States v. Jonathan Jay Pollard*, Crim. No. 86-0207 (D.D.C.), executed March 3, 1987. http://www.irmep.org/ila/pollard/03041987weinberger.pdf
[^5]: Michael B. Mukasey to President Barack Obama, December 21, 2010. https://www.israellobby.org/pollard/12212010Mukasey.pdf

11
10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Craig Unger.md
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---
updated: 2026-10-12
category: "Authors & Journalists"
tags:
- Person
- Journalist
- Author
summary: "In July 1992, *The Village Voice* printed a long article by Unger that quoted Moshe Hebroni, a former colleague of Ben-Menashe, confirming Ben-Menashe's access to very sensitive material while working for the Foreign Flow desk in External Relations."
summary: "In July 1992 The Village Voice printed an article by Unger quoting Moshe Hebroni, a former colleague of Ben-Menashe, on Ben-Menashe's access to sensitive material in External Relations."
born: 1949-03-25
---
[[Craig Unger]] is an [[United States|American]] journalist and author. In October 1991, his article in *Esquire* magazine repeated [[Ari Ben-Menashe|Ben-Menashe's]] allegations that [[Robert McFarlane]] had been recruited by [[Rafael Eitan|Rafi]] and named [[Robert McFarlane|McFarlane]] as "Mr. X" in the [[Jonathan Pollard]] case. [[Robert McFarlane|McFarlane]] subsequently sued the magazine, but the suit was dismissed in June 1994.[^1]
[[Craig Unger]] is an [[United States|American]] journalist and author. In October 1991, his article in [[Esquire]] magazine repeated [[Ari Ben-Menashe|Ben-Menashe's]] allegations that [[Robert McFarlane]] had been recruited by [[Rafael Eitan|Rafi]] and named McFarlane as "Mr. X" in the [[Jonathan Pollard]] case. McFarlane sued the magazine. The United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit affirmed the judgment for Esquire on January 30, 1996. The judgment rested on a finding of no actual malice and on the dismissal of the claim against Unger for want of personal jurisdiction.[^1]
In July 1992, *The Village Voice* printed a long article by [[Craig Unger|Unger]] that quoted [[Moshe Hebroni]], a former colleague of [[Ari Ben-Menashe|Ben-Menashe]], confirming [[Ari Ben-Menashe|Ben-Menashe's]] access to very sensitive material while working for the Foreign Flow desk in External Relations.[^1]
In July 1992, *The Village Voice* printed a long article by Unger that quoted [[Moshe Hebroni]], a former colleague of Ben-Menashe, confirming Ben-Menashe's access to very sensitive material while working for the Foreign Flow desk in External Relations.[^2]
### Footnotes
[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. Sheridan Square Press, 1992 (TrineDay reprint, 2015).
[^1]: *McFarlane v. Esquire Magazine*, 74 F.3d 1296 (D.C. Cir. 1996), No. 94-7137, decided January 30, 1996. https://static.case.law/f3d/74/cases/1296-01.json
[^2]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. Sheridan Square Press, 1992 (TrineDay reprint, 2015).

5
10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Reuben Yirador.md
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@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ tags:
- Soviet
- Military
summary: "Colonel Reuben Yirador was a department commander in Unit 8200, an Israeli Signals Intelligence (Sigint) unit."
updated: 2026-10-12
---
Colonel [[Reuben Yirador]] was a department commander in [[Unit 8200]], an [[Israel|Israeli]] Signals Intelligence (Sigint) unit. He was later replaced by [[Sasson Yishaek|Lt. Col. Sasson Yishaek]] as commander of the department, but remained in [[Mossad]].[^1]
According to [[Ari Ben-Menashe]], Colonel [[Reuben Yirador]] was a department commander in [[Unit 8200]], an [[Israel|Israeli]] Signals Intelligence (Sigint) unit. Ben-Menashe wrote that he was later replaced by [[Sasson Yishaek|Lt. Col. Sasson Yishaek]] as commander of the department, but remained in [[Mossad]].[^1]
In 1972, [[Reuben Yirador|Yirador]] was involved in a significant discovery when he decoded a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] intercept (VENONA) that revealed the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] were bugging the office of [[Golda Meir]], then Prime Minister of [[Israel]]. This discovery, along with [[Golda Meir|Meir's]] meeting with [[Leonid Brezhnev]] and her rejection of a peace settlement, informed [[Anwar Sadat]] and may have prompted the 1973 war.[^1]
Ari Ben-Menashe wrote that in 1972 Yirador made a significant discovery when he decoded a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] intercept, which the account names VENONA, that revealed the Soviets were bugging the office of [[Golda Meir]], then Prime Minister of Israel. Ben-Menashe wrote that this discovery, along with Meir's meeting with [[Leonid Brezhnev]] and her rejection of a peace settlement, informed [[Anwar Sadat]] and may have prompted the 1973 war.[^1]
### Footnotes
[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. Sheridan Square Press, 1992 (TrineDay reprint, 2015).

7
10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Sasson Yishaek.md
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category: "Military"
tags:
- Person
summary: "Lieutenant Colonel in Israeli Military Intelligence who commanded Unit 8206's code-breaking department and recruited Ari Ben-Menashe."
summary: "Lieutenant Colonel in Israeli Military Intelligence who commanded Unit 8200's code-breaking department and recruited Ari Ben-Menashe."
updated: 2026-10-12
---
Lieutenant Colonel [[Sasson Yishaek]], also known as Lt. Col. Sasson, was a key figure in [[Israel|Israeli]] Military Intelligence. He was the number-two person in the code-breaking department of [[Unit 8200]] and later became its commander, replacing [[Reuben Yirador|Col. Yirador]].[^1]
According to [[Ari Ben-Menashe]], Lieutenant Colonel [[Sasson Yishaek]], also known as Lt. Col. Sasson, was a key figure in [[Israel|Israeli]] Military Intelligence. Ben-Menashe wrote that he was the number-two person in the code-breaking department of [[Unit 8200]] and later became its commander, replacing [[Reuben Yirador|Col. Yirador]].[^1]
[[Sasson Yishaek|Lt. Col. Sasson]] recruited [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] into Military Intelligence in 1973, offering him a special position in connection with his military service. He was involved in the incident where [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] broke the [[Iran|Iranian]] diplomatic code. He also court-martialed [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] for insubordination when [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] refused an assignment to the [[Rome]] listening station, a decision that was later overruled by the Director of Military Intelligence.[^1]
Ben-Menashe wrote that Lt. Col. Sasson recruited him into Military Intelligence in 1973, offering him a special position in connection with his military service, and that Sasson was involved in the incident where Ben-Menashe broke the [[Iran|Iranian]] diplomatic code. He wrote that Sasson court-martialed him for insubordination when he refused an assignment to the [[Rome]] listening station, a decision that Ben-Menashe wrote was later overruled by the Director of Military Intelligence.[^1]
### Footnotes
[^1]: Ben-Menashe, Ari. *Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network*. TrineDay, 19th, 1992.