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---
title: "The Creation of an Incident"
date: 2026-10-12
status: published
summary: "Nine days after the Bay of Pigs the Joint Chiefs recommended a staged incident to justify overthrowing Castro, eleven months before Northwoods."
entities:
- "[[Joint Chiefs of Staff]]"
- "[[Operation NORTHWOODS]]"
- "[[Robert S. McNamara]]"
- "[[Arleigh Burke]]"
- "[[Lyman Lemnitzer]]"
- "[[Edward Lansdale]]"
- "[[Operation Mongoose]]"
- "[[Fidel Castro]]"
tags:
- Cuba
- JointChiefsOfStaff
- Northwoods
- FalseFlag
---
# The Creation of an Incident
On April 26, 1961, nine days after the landing at the Bay of Pigs, the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]] sent Secretary of Defense [[Robert S. McNamara]] memorandum JCSM-278-61, "Cuba." It recommended a military plan to overthrow the [[Fidel Castro|Castro]] government and pointed to Operation Plan 312-61, "which has previously been reviewed and approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff." It continued: "One action that is recommended is the creation of an incident which will provide justification for the overthrow of the Castro government by the United States. Such an incident must be carefully planned and handled, to insure that it is plausible and that it occurs prior to any indication that the United States has decided to take military action against Cuba. Premature exposure of the fact that the incident was created by the United States could cause a shift in sentiment by the Cuban people against the United States." Earle G. Wheeler signed for the Joint Chiefs above the typed name of [[Arleigh Burke]].[^1]
On March 5, 1962 the Chief of Operations of the Cuba Project under [[Edward Lansdale]] asked the Joint Chiefs for pretexts. On March 8 the chief of naval operations sent the chairman a memorandum titled "Instances to Provoke Military Actions in Cuba."[^2] On March 13 [[Lyman Lemnitzer]] signed the reply, "Justification for US Military Intervention in Cuba," which became known as [[Operation NORTHWOODS|Northwoods]]. Its annex listed incidents around Guantanamo, a "Remember the Maine" incident, and a chartered airliner to be replaced at Eglin Air Force Base by a duplicate drone. The Joint Chiefs recommended that responsibility "for both overt and covert military operations be assigned the Joint Chiefs of Staff."[^3]
[^1]: Joint Chiefs of Staff, memorandum for the Secretary of Defense, JCSM-278-61, "Cuba," April 26, 1961, *Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963*, vol. X, document 178. https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v10/d178
[^2]: Chief of Operations, Cuba Project, memorandum for General Craig, "Operation MONGOOSE," March 5, 1962, and Chief of Naval Operations, memorandum for the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, "Instances to Provoke Military Actions in Cuba (TS)," March 8, 1962, both cited in JCS 1969/321. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/news/20010430/northwoods.pdf
[^3]: Joint Chiefs of Staff, JCS 1969/321, memorandum for the Secretary of Defense, "Justification for US Military Intervention in Cuba (TS)," March 13, 1962, signed by L. L. Lemnitzer, with Enclosure A and annex "Pretexts to Justify US Military Intervention in Cuba." https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/news/20010430/northwoods.pdf