vault backup: 2026-09-22 00:06:36

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Angela Dellafiora.md

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ After leaving government service, Dellafiora marketed herself publicly as a medi
 
 ### The Documents
 
-Angela Dellafiora, later Ford, was a civilian analyst on Latin America at [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]] who joined the DIA's remote-viewing unit at [[Fort Meade]], then called [[Sun Streak]], in early 1986, and stayed until the program closed in 1995. She worked by automatic writing in a trance, attributing the results to figures she called George, Dr. Einstein, and Maurice.[^4]
+Angela Dellafiora, later Ford, was a civilian analyst on [[Latin America]] at [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]] who joined the DIA's remote-viewing unit at [[Fort Meade]], then called [[Sun Streak]], in early 1986, and stayed until the program closed in 1995. She worked by automatic writing in a trance, attributing the results to figures she called George, Dr. Einstein, and Maurice.[^4]
 
 ### The Jordan Case
 

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Brian Buzby.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+category: "Intelligence & Government"
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - BrianBuzby
+  - INSCOM
+  - CenterLane
+  - RemoteViewing
+  - FortMeade
+alias:
+  - Lt. Col. Brian Buzby
+summary: "INSCOM lieutenant colonel who ran the Center Lane remote-viewing project from August 15, 1983, briefed Senator Wallop and the intelligence committee staffs with Vorona and Puthoff, and negotiated its transfer to DIA."
+location: "Fort Meade, Maryland"
+created: 2026-09-21
+updated: 2026-09-21
+---
+
+Brian Buzby, a lieutenant colonel of military intelligence, "assumes duties as Project Manager" of [[Center Lane]] on August 15, 1983, as chief of the Security Systems Planning Division of the 902d Military Intelligence Group at [[Fort Meade]], succeeding Captain [[Frederick Atwater]] as acting manager and Lieutenant Colonel [[Robert Jachim]]. On August 26 he, Atwater, and [[Joe McMoneagle]] briefed the commander of [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]], [[Albert Stubblebine]], on the project and the [[Monroe Institute]]; the chief of staff had asked him beforehand whether he was in contact with Lieutenant Colonel [[John B. Alexander]], and Buzby "explained that LTC Alexander's involvement with parapsychology was entirely overt and that we neither had nor wanted any contact with him." He wrote the records of Stubblebine's decisions of November 30, 1983, and January 6, 1984, on the RAPT training, the recruitment of Captain [[Ed Dames]], the "Los Alamos Project," and Alexander's debriefing of [[Russell Targ]].[^1]
+
+With [[Jack Vorona]] of DIA and [[Hal Puthoff]] he briefed Senator [[Malcolm Wallop]] on October 5, 1983, and the staff of the two intelligence committees on October 7, and recorded of the staff that "it is unclear if they accepted our definition of accuracy" after they asked "how we derived an 85 percent accuracy figure"; "I did not receive the same positive feeling after the briefing to the Congressional Staffers as I did after the briefings to the Secretary of the Army and Senator Wallop." He wrote the Center Lane briefing script and the overview of May 4, 1984, that recommended the project stay in INSCOM, and after Brigadier General [[Harry Soyster]] decided in July 1984 to discontinue it, saw it through the memorandum of agreement with DIA and the end of operations on September 28, 1984.[^1][^2]
+
+His "Requirement for Access to DIA Sun Streak Project" is dated May 10, 1985, two months after the unit passed to DIA.[^3]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Jachim, Robert J., memorandum "Briefing for MG A.N. Stubblebine III," October 8, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220022-7; Buzby, Brian, memoranda "CENTER LANE Briefing for CG, USAINSCOM," August 29, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220011-9), "Meeting With MG Stubblebine on 30 November 1983," December 6, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220010-0), and "Meeting with MG Stubblebine on 6 January 1984," January 17, 1984 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220009-2); letter of the ACSI to Stubblebine, "CENTER LANE," April 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220002-9). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Buzby, Brian, memorandum "Briefing to Senator Wallop, 5 October 1983," October 14, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270015-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Buzby, Brian, memorandum on the briefing of Congressional intelligence committee staff of October 7, 1983, October 14, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270017-8; "ITAOPS Fact Sheet, Inputs for MG Stubblebine," April 10, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220021-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: Buzby, Brian, "Purpose: To Provide an Overview of Center Lane," May 4, 1984, with the CIA memorandum "Comments on Recent CENTER LANE Experience," May 1, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220003-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8; the scan's table columns are reflowed by OCR and some dates are uncertain. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: Grill Flame volunteer security agreements, consent statements, and counseling statements for Joseph W. McMoneagle (February 8, 1979; October 26, 1979; February 19, 1980), Melvin C. Riley (February 8, 1979), and Robert C. Cowart (June 3 and October 2, 1981), and "Requirement for Access to DIA Sun Streak Project (Brian Buzby)," May 10, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00789R0021001500xx series. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Dale Graff.md

@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@ Graff later became the overall manager of the Stargate Project under the [[Defen
 
 Graff attended the first meeting of the Defense Department's Grill Flame committee on November 28, 1978, and the committee's minutes of 1979 list him at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, the Air Force Foreign Technology Division, reporting to the group in July 1979 "that the Japanese student who effects photographic film is to visit the US."[^2]
 
+On *Nightline* in November 1995, identified as the physicist who had directed the DIA's project for five years, Graff said of the Dozier kidnapping, "we had one viewer come up with the name of the city, Padua. We had another one come up with the name of the building he was in," and of the Jordan search, "we like to count it as a success."[^3]
+
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
 [^2]: Defense Intelligence Agency, minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee, November 28, 1978 (enclosed in Progress Report #1), July 12, 1979 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130008-9), November 27, 1979 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1), and January 10, 1980 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room.

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/David Brandwein.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+---
+category: "Intelligence & Government"
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - DavidBrandwein
+  - CIA
+  - OfficeOfTechnicalService
+  - RemoteViewing
+  - SCANATE
+alias:
+  - David S. Brandwein
+summary: "Director of the CIA's Office of Technical Service who ended its funding of the SRI parapsychology research in 1976, refused to resume it, and briefed the House intelligence committee on the work in 1977 and 1978."
+location: "Langley, Virginia"
+created: 2026-09-21
+updated: 2026-09-21
+---
+
+David S. Brandwein was director of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s [[CIA Office of Technical Service|Office of Technical Service]] in the middle 1970s, the office that had funded the remote-viewing research at [[Stanford Research Institute]] since 1972. On February 20, 1976, he sent the director of research and development "two reports summarizing the final work by SRI for OTS, together with a memorandum discussing the status of the parapsychology program. As you are no doubt aware, I directed that OTS support of this effort be terminated. I continue to believe that it would be inappropriate for us to continue it; however, if ORD desires to pick it up, be my guest." On October 7, 1976, having read the minutes of the twelfth meeting of the research and development subcommittee of the Human Resources Committee, at which OTS officers had briefed on the work and it was recorded that "enough empirical evidence existed to warrant further research in this area," he wrote to the Intelligence Community Staff: "I think you know my position on this, but just in case there is some confusion I want to make myself clear. OTS will not support any further research in parapsychology."[^1]
+
+### Congress
+
+After the *Washington Post*'s Parade section published "Psychic Spying" on August 7, 1977, the [[House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]] asked for a briefing. Brandwein gave it to three staff members on November 16, 1977, from ten to eleven: "A short oral history of OTS efforts in the field, dating back to 1961, was presented. All three staffers asked very pertinent questions and were given frank and in-depth replies." Since the officers "could speak only for OTS," one was asked to find out whether any other component was sponsoring such research, and the staff were left "a written outline of OTS work on ESP, classified SECRET, the IEEE article covering the unclassified portions of the work done by SRI and a brief article on Mr. [[Pat Price]]." On February 9, 1978, the OTS briefing for Representative [[Charlie Rose]] "was largely handled by the Chief of OTS, Mr. David S. Brandwein."[^1][^2]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Brandwein, David S., Director, Office of Technical Service, memoranda "Stanford Research Institute Parapsychology Research," February 20, 1976 (CIA-RDP96-00787R000200020001-9), and "OTS Support to Research in Parapsychology," October 7, 1976 (CIA-RDP96-00787R000200020016-3); memorandum for the record, "Briefing for House Permanent Select Committee re OTS Involvement in ESP Research," OTS memo 287-77, November 17, 1977 (CIA-RDP96-00787R000200020020-8); memorandum for the record, "Discussions with OTS on the SRI Project," June 22, 1974 (CIA-RDP96-00787R000700110016-8). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Legislative Counsel, "Briefing of Representative Charles Rose," February 9, 1978, OLC 78-0576, CIA-RDP81M00980R000600250087-4.

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Ed Dames.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 created: 2026-05-15
-updated: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-09-21
 title: Ed Dames
 aliases:
   - Ed Dames
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ tags:
   - Stargate
   - 1980s
   - 1990s
-summary: "Ed Dames was a U.S. Army Major who served as the remote viewing unit's training and operations officer at Fort Meade during the Center Lane and Sun Streak programs before retiring to found PSI Tech and becoming a controversial public figure known for apocalyptic predictions."
+summary: "Army captain recruited to Center Lane in 1983 with Stubblebine's approval, a session monitor and trainer at Fort Meade, who left in 1989 to found PSI Tech and sell remote viewing commercially."
 born: 1946-03-22
 location: "San Francisco, California"
 ---
 
-Ed Dames was a [[U.S. Army]] Major who served as training and operations officer in the classified remote viewing unit at [[Fort Meade]], Maryland, during the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Center Lane]] and Sun Streak phases of the program in the 1980s and early 1990s. Within the unit he occupied a managerial and analytical role rather than being a primary operational viewer himself, working with [[Edwin May]] and the DIA sponsorship structure. His post-military public profile, built on commercial remote viewing training and alarming predictions about planetary catastrophe, made him simultaneously the most publicly visible and most criticized figure to emerge from the Fort Meade program.[^1]
+Ed Dames was a [[U.S. Army]] Major who served as training and operations officer in the classified remote viewing unit at [[Fort Meade]], Maryland, during the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Center Lane]] and [[Sun Streak]] phases of the program in the 1980s and early 1990s. Within the unit he occupied a managerial and analytical role rather than being a primary operational viewer himself, working with [[Edwin May]] and the DIA sponsorship structure. His post-military public profile, built on commercial remote viewing training and alarming predictions about planetary catastrophe, made him simultaneously the most publicly visible and most criticized figure to emerge from the Fort Meade program.[^1]
 
 ### Fort Meade Service
 
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ Dames joined the remote viewing unit in the early 1980s and was trained in [[Coo
 
 His personality was described by contemporaries as forceful and controlling, with an intensity that generated friction within the small unit. Jim Schnabel's account of the program characterizes Dames as someone who took the unit's work extremely seriously and who bridged the analytical and the operational within the structure while maintaining a strong personal commitment to the reality of remote viewing phenomena.[^1]
 
+The [[Center Lane]] project manager's record of a meeting with General [[Albert Stubblebine]] on November 30, 1983, reads: "We identified CPT Edward Dames as a perspective CENTER LANE member. He agreed to a future assignment to the project and to participate in the training. Major Laing had concurred in the training and CPT Dames involvement in CENTER LANE. Major General Stubblebine commented that Dames was a good choice."[^2]
+
 ### PSI Tech and Public Career
 
 After leaving the Army, Dames founded PSI Tech, a commercial remote viewing company, in 1989 - before STAR GATE's 1995 declassification. PSI Tech offered training and contracted remote viewing services to corporate and private clients, capitalizing on former government program personnel credentials at a time when the program's existence was not yet officially acknowledged.
@@ -39,3 +41,4 @@ The contrast between Dames's specific, confident, and typically non-materializin
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997. Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^2]: Jachim, Robert J., memorandum "Briefing for MG A.N. Stubblebine III," October 8, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220022-7; Buzby, Brian, memoranda "CENTER LANE Briefing for CG, USAINSCOM," August 29, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220011-9), "Meeting With MG Stubblebine on 30 November 1983," December 6, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220010-0), and "Meeting with MG Stubblebine on 6 January 1984," January 17, 1984 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220009-2); letter of the ACSI to Stubblebine, "CENTER LANE," April 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220002-9). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Frederick Atwater.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ born: 1947-01-01
 location: "Glendale, California"
 ---
 
-Frederick Holmes "Skip" Atwater (born 1947, Glendale, California) was the [[U.S. Army]] intelligence officer at [[Fort Meade]], Maryland, who proposed the formation of a military remote viewing unit in 1977, recruited its initial personnel, and served as its operations officer through the program's most active period until his retirement from the Army in 1987. His proposal directly initiated what became the [[STARGATE PROJECT]] series of programs - Gondola Wish, Grill Flame, Center Lane, Sun Streak - that constituted the military's remote viewing research and intelligence effort for nearly two decades.
+Frederick Holmes "Skip" Atwater (born 1947, Glendale, California) was the [[U.S. Army]] intelligence officer at [[Fort Meade]], Maryland, who proposed the formation of a military remote viewing unit in 1977, recruited its initial personnel, and served as its operations officer through the program's most active period until his retirement from the Army in 1987. His proposal directly initiated what became the [[STARGATE PROJECT]] series of programs - Gondola Wish, Grill Flame, Center Lane, [[Sun Streak]] - that constituted the military's remote viewing research and intelligence effort for nearly two decades.
 
 ### Army Career and STARGATE Initiation
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ He published a memoir, *Captain of My Ship, Master of My Soul: Living with Guida
 
 Frederick H. Atwater, known as Skip, was a lieutenant in the Special Security Detachment of the 902d Military Intelligence Group at Fort Meade when INSCOM began its remote-viewing project in October 1978. The project manager, Major Murray Watt, reported in February 1979 that "the initial concern of the Project Manager (PM) was to develop a full understanding of parapsychology and the various aspects of the phenomena. Towards this end, the PM has been greatly assisted by Lieutenant Frederick H. Atwater. LT Atwater, although assigned to the Special Security Detachment, 902d MI Group, was attached to the GRILL FLAME project because of previous research into this area during work on a separate project." Watt and Atwater "were busy preparing a method that would help them select the INSCOM personnel who would volunteer for participation," considering 251 and interviewing 117, and on January 12, 1979, the two visited the Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity at [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]], which was running its own tests of the SRI protocol.[^1]
 
-He remained the unit's operations officer through Grill Flame and [[Center Lane]]. INSCOM's chronology records for August 1983: "CPT Frederick Atwater assumes duties as Acting Project Manager," between Lieutenant Colonel Robert Jachim's departure and Lieutenant Colonel Brian Buzby's arrival on August 15. Published accounts by participants credit him with recruiting the first six viewers, among them Joe McMoneagle and Mel Riley, and with the unit's training in [[Robert Monroe]]'s Hemi-Sync method, which the Center Lane briefing dates to the end of 1980. After retiring from the Army in 1988 he became research director of the Monroe Institute's laboratory and, in 2006, its president, and was a founder and president of the International Remote Viewing Association.[^1][^2][^3]
+He remained the unit's operations officer through Grill Flame and [[Center Lane]]. INSCOM's chronology records, under a date read as July 7 or August 1983, "CPT Frederick Atwater assumes duties as Acting Project Manager," between Lieutenant Colonel Robert Jachim's departure and Lieutenant Colonel Brian Buzby's arrival on August 15. Published accounts by participants credit him with recruiting the first six viewers, among them Joe McMoneagle and Mel Riley, and with the unit's training in [[Robert Monroe]]'s Hemi-Sync method, which the Center Lane briefing dates to the end of 1980. After retiring from the Army in 1988 he became research director of the Monroe Institute's laboratory and, in 2006, its president, and was a founder and president of the International Remote Viewing Association.[^1][^2][^3]
 
 ### Footnotes
 

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/George H.W. Bush.md

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ The [[Medellin Cartel|Medellín Cartel]] reportedly made a deal with Vice Presid
 
 At the same time Reagan and Bush were publicly whipping the American public into a frenzy over street-corner crack dealers, [[Oliver North]] and other top administration officials were livid that Contra-connected drug trafficker General [[Jose Bueso Rosa]] had even been charged with a crime. North's computer messages about Bueso Rosa illustrated how skewed the Reagan administration's sense of justice had become regarding its "War on Drugs." [[Scott Weekly]], a figure connected to the CIA and the Hasenfus shootdown, claimed on tape that he reported to people who reported to Bush.[^3]
 
-As director of central intelligence in 1976 Bush was briefed on the CIA's remote-viewing research at [[Stanford Research Institute]] after the agency learned that Soviet visitors were "questioning Puthoff and Targ at SRI," and left office before reacting. As vice president, on August 3, 1983, he "was briefed for thirty minutes concerning [[Center Lane|CENTER LANE]] related activities by Dr. [[Jack Vorona]], DIA," the Army's remote-viewing unit, with "Adm. Murphy, C/S," and "Mr. Gregg" present; INSCOM's chronology records that "the briefing was well received and the Vice President was interested and impressed."[^4]
+As director of central intelligence in 1976 Bush was briefed on the CIA's remote-viewing research at [[Stanford Research Institute]] after the agency learned that Soviet visitors were "questioning Puthoff and Targ at SRI," and left office before reacting. As vice president, in 1983 (the chronology's date reads as March 31 or August 3), he "was briefed for thirty minutes concerning [[Center Lane|CENTER LANE]] related activities by Dr. [[Jack Vorona]], DIA," the Army's remote-viewing unit, with "Adm. Murphy, C/S," and "Mr. Gregg" present; INSCOM's chronology records that "the briefing was well received and the Vice President was interested and impressed."[^4]
 
 ### Footnotes
 

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/John B. Alexander.md

@@ -42,17 +42,22 @@ After retiring from the military, Alexander joined [[Psi]]'s corporate board in
 
 John B. Alexander, a lieutenant colonel of the [[United States Army|Army]] who had served with the Special Forces in Thailand and Vietnam, published "The New Mental Battlefield: 'Beam Me Up, Spock'" in *[[Military Review]]* in December 1980. Its author note placed him on the staff of the Army's inspector general in Washington after heading the human resources division of the organizational effectiveness office at [[Fort McPherson]].[^2]
 
+### The New Mental Battlefield
+
+The article's note gave him as "with the Inspector General Agency, Department of the Army, Washington, DC," with a B.A. from the [[University of Nebraska]], an M.A. from [[Pepperdine University]], a Ph.D. from [[Walden University]], and a 1980 diploma from the Command and General Staff College. It opened: "Psychotronics may be described as the interaction of mind and matter. While the concepts may stretch the imagination of many readers, research in this area has been underway for years, and the possibility for employment as weaponry has been explored. To be more specific, there are weapons systems that operate on the power of the mind and whose lethal capacity has already been demonstrated." Citing the DIA reports of 1972 and 1975 by [[John LaMothe]] and Louis Maire, [[Thomas Bearden]]'s "Soviet Psychotronic Weapons" in *Specula* (1976), Henry Gris and William Dick's *The New Soviet Psychic Discoveries,* and Ostrander and Schroeder, it stated that "it is generally believed that the Soviets and their allies are well in the lead"; that "the ability to heal or cause disease can be transmitted over distance, thus inducing illness or death for no apparent cause. While this has been demonstrated on lower organisms, flies and frogs, the present capacity for human death is still debated"; that "telepathic behavior modification, which includes the ability to induce hypnotic states up to distances in excess of 1,000 kilometers, has been reported"; that the [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]] work of Targ and Puthoff "tends to support claims that relatively accurate information can be obtained"; that "the intelligence-gathering capability available through remote viewing or OOBE travel is obvious"; that the Soviets "have applied those techniques against the US Embassy in Moscow" with "extremely-low-frequency (ELF) emissions" of "psychoactive characteristics"; and that "the use of telepathic hypnosis also holds great potential. This capability could allow agents to be deeply planted with no conscious knowledge of their programming. In movie terms, the Manchurian candidate lives and does not even require a phone call." It concluded: "It has been suggested that whoever makes the first major breakthrough in this field will have a quantum lead over his opponent, an advantage similar to sole possession of nuclear weapons." "Clearly, psychotronic weapons already exist; only their capabilities are in doubt."[^3]
+
 ### INSCOM
 
-He served under Major General Albert Stubblebine at INSCOM during the [[Center Lane]] years. The project manager's record of a meeting with Stubblebine on November 30, 1983, notes "an update on the RAPT training" and that the general "confirmed his decision to hold a 'bonding' ceremony and that it would be lead by LTC Alexander." At a meeting on January 6, 1984, the "recent LTC Alexander problem concerning the debriefing of Russell Targ" was raised: "The CG stated that he was unaware that there was a problem as he had not instructed LTC Alexander to debrief [[Russell Targ|Targ]] because Alexander was not a trained intelligence officer. The CG stated that he would get with Alexander and resolve the issue."[^3]
+He served under Major General Albert Stubblebine at INSCOM during the [[Center Lane]] years. The project manager's record of a meeting with Stubblebine on November 30, 1983, notes "an update on the RAPT training" and that the general "confirmed his decision to hold a 'bonding' ceremony and that it would be lead by LTC Alexander." At a meeting on January 6, 1984, the "recent LTC Alexander problem concerning the debriefing of Russell Targ" was raised: "The CG stated that he was unaware that there was a problem as he had not instructed LTC Alexander to debrief [[Russell Targ|Targ]] because Alexander was not a trained intelligence officer. The CG stated that he would get with Alexander and resolve the issue."[^4]
 
 ### Afterward
 
-He retired as a colonel in 1988, his last post the advanced systems concepts office of the Army Laboratory Command, and went to [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]], where he worked on non-lethal weapons with [[Janet Morris]] of the [[U.S. Global Strategy Council]], the body chaired by [[Ray Cline]]. His books include *The Warrior's Edge* (1990, with Richard Groller and Janet Morris), *Future War* (1999), and *UFOs: Myths, Conspiracies, and Realities* (2011).[^4]
+He retired as a colonel in 1988, his last post the advanced systems concepts office of the Army Laboratory Command, and went to [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]], where he worked on non-lethal weapons with [[Janet Morris]] of the [[U.S. Global Strategy Council]], the body chaired by [[Ray Cline]]. His books include *The Warrior's Edge* (1990, with Richard Groller and Janet Morris), *Future War* (1999), and *UFOs: Myths, Conspiracies, and Realities* (2011).[^5]
 
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
 [^2]: *Military Review,* vol. 60, 1980, annual index, archive.org item sim_military-review_1980_60_index; the December 1980 issue itself was not obtained. Author note as summarized in search results, not read in the original.
-[^3]: Buzby, Brian, memoranda for the record, "Initial Grill Flame Briefing to MG Stubblebine as CG, INSCOM, 30 June 1981" (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220001-0), "Meeting With MG Stubblebine on 30 November 1983" (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220010-0), and "Meeting with MG Stubblebine on 6 January 1984" (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220009-2). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^4]: Career details from Alexander's own books and publishers' biographical notes, not verified against service records.
+[^3]: Alexander, John B. "The New Mental Battlefield: 'Beam Me Up, Spock,'" *Military Review,* vol. 60, no. 12, December 1980, pp. 47-54, read in a Wayback Machine copy of the Army University Press PDF.
+[^4]: Buzby, Brian, memoranda for the record, "Initial Grill Flame Briefing to MG Stubblebine as CG, INSCOM, 30 June 1981" (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220001-0), "Meeting With MG Stubblebine on 30 November 1983" (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220010-0), and "Meeting with MG Stubblebine on 6 January 1984" (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220009-2). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^5]: Career details from Alexander's own books and publishers' biographical notes, not verified against service records.

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Lincoln D. Faurer.md

@@ -20,5 +20,9 @@ Lincoln D. Faurer was a Lieutenant General and the Director of the [[NSA]] (NSA)
 
 Faurer's interest led him to assign the remote-viewing unit at [[Fort Meade]] a dozen new tasks in April 1982. His support was crucial for the program's survival, as it provided the necessary operational requests from the military and intelligence services[^1].
 
+INSCOM's chronology of its remote-viewing project records "LTG Faurer, Director NSA, briefed" on August 5, 1982; General [[Albert Stubblebine]] came to INSCOM's own briefing of September 27, 1982, straight from a visit to Faurer and "told us about NSA's position"; and the [[Center Lane]] manager noted a "5 December 1983 briefing of Lieutenant General Lincoln D. Faurer, Dir., NSA," which "was a decision briefing for NSA involvement in the field" at which INSCOM's project would not be presented.[^2]
+
 ### Footnotes
+
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^2]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8; the scan's table columns are reflowed by OCR and some dates are uncertain. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Jachim, Robert J., memorandum "Briefing for MG A.N. Stubblebine III," October 8, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220022-7; Buzby, Brian, memoranda "CENTER LANE Briefing for CG, USAINSCOM," August 29, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220011-9), "Meeting With MG Stubblebine on 30 November 1983," December 6, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220010-0), and "Meeting with MG Stubblebine on 6 January 1984," January 17, 1984 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220009-2); letter of the ACSI to Stubblebine, "CENTER LANE," April 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220002-9). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Lyn Buchanan.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ born: 1939-07-28
 location: "Waco, Texas"
 ---
 
-Lyn Buchanan was a [[U.S. Army]] sergeant who served as a remote viewer in the classified Army program at [[Fort Meade]] that operated under the successive designations [[STARGATE PROJECT|Center Lane]], Sun Streak, and STAR GATE during the 1980s and early 1990s. He was trained in [[Coordinate Remote Viewing]] (CRV) by [[Ingo Swann]] after Swann returned to the program to train Army viewers beginning in 1984, and became one of the unit's more consistently producing operational viewers.[^1]
+Lyn Buchanan was a [[U.S. Army]] sergeant who served as a remote viewer in the classified Army program at [[Fort Meade]] that operated under the successive designations [[STARGATE PROJECT|Center Lane]], [[Sun Streak]], and STAR GATE during the 1980s and early 1990s. He was trained in [[Coordinate Remote Viewing]] (CRV) by [[Ingo Swann]] after Swann returned to the program to train Army viewers beginning in 1984, and became one of the unit's more consistently producing operational viewers.[^1]
 
 ### Military Remote Viewing Career
 

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Nilo Floody.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ created: 2026-09-21
 updated: 2026-09-21
 ---
 
-Nilo Floody Buxton, a division general of the [[Chile|Chilean]] army, was in 1976 head of the Chilean military mission in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], military attaché to the embassy, and head of the delegation to the [[Inter-American Defense Board]]. Answering under oath the written questions of the military prosecutor [[Héctor Orozco]] after March 27, 1978, he said that "in late August 1976, Lieutenants [[Rolando Mosqueira]] and [[René Riveros]] were at my home," that "the reason for the officers' visit to my home was to greet me," that "I did not know what mission the officers were carrying out on their visit to the USA," and that "they did not hand me any classified documentation, nor did they explain to me the reason for another mission in Washington D.C." He had known General [[Vernon Walters]] "of the United States Army since 1974. It is true that I had my secretary telephone General Walter's offices to find out whether he was in Washington D.C. I was informed that he was out of town, that he no longer belonged to the CIA, and that upon his return he would presumably rejoin the Army." Riveros had testified that the two captains, unable to reach Walters, called on a general Mosqueira knew, "giving our true names and ranks, but without revealing the true link and content of our mission," and that Floody's office could not obtain the contact for them.[^1]
+Nilo Floody Buxton, a division general of the [[Chile|Chilean]] army, was in 1976 head of the Chilean military mission in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], military attaché to the embassy, and head of the delegation to the [[Inter-American Defense Board]]. Answering under oath the written questions of the military prosecutor [[Héctor Orozco]] after March 27, 1978, he said that "in late August 1976, Lieutenants [[Rolando Mosqueira]] and [[René Riveros]] were at my home," that "the reason for the officers' visit to my home was to greet me," that "I did not know what mission the officers were carrying out on their visit to the USA," and that "they did not hand me any classified documentation, nor did they explain to me the reason for another mission in Washington D.C." He had known General [[Vernon Walters]] "of the [[United States Army]] since 1974. It is true that I had my secretary telephone General Walter's offices to find out whether he was in Washington D.C. I was informed that he was out of town, that he no longer belonged to the CIA, and that upon his return he would presumably rejoin the Army." Riveros had testified that the two captains, unable to reach Walters, called on a general Mosqueira knew, "giving our true names and ranks, but without revealing the true link and content of our mission," and that Floody's office could not obtain the contact for them.[^1]
 
 ### Footnotes
 

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Rob Cowart.md

@@ -15,5 +15,9 @@ Rob Cowart was a Captain in military intelligence and one of the two military in
 
 The plan was for Cowart and [[Tom McNear]], the other trainee, to become the program's CRV trainers. However, McNear later noted that Cowart was medically retired due to cancer, which contributed to McNear's decision to leave the unit[^1].
 
+His Grill Flame security agreement is dated June 3, 1981, and his participant counseling statement and "Information about Remote Viewing for Participants" October 2, 1981.[^2]
+
 ### Footnotes
+
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^2]: Grill Flame volunteer security agreements, consent statements, and counseling statements for Joseph W. McMoneagle (February 8, 1979; October 26, 1979; February 19, 1980), Melvin C. Riley (February 8, 1979), and Robert C. Cowart (June 3 and October 2, 1981), and "Requirement for Access to DIA Sun Streak Project (Brian Buzby)," May 10, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00789R0021001500xx series. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Robert Gates.md

@@ -19,13 +19,19 @@ Gates was known to be a vocal adversary of the [[Psychoenergetics|psychoenergeti
 
 In 1986, Gates noted a significant buildup in advanced technology weapons facilities in both the [[United States]] and the [[Soviet Union]], particularly in areas like laser, particle beam, kinetic energy, and microwave technologies applicable to strategic weapons[^2].
 
-Gates revealed details about the [[Moscow Signal]] in his 1997 memoir, *From the Shadows*. He described how the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] detected a new and more powerful set of Soviet microwave beams aimed at the [[U.S. Embassy in Moscow]] in 1973, code-named MUTS-2. He noted that these signals were regarded as posing a greater health hazard due to their duration and peculiar characteristics[^2].
+Gates revealed details about the [[Moscow Signal]] in his 1997 memoir, *From the Shadows*. He described how the CIA detected a new and more powerful set of Soviet microwave beams aimed at the [[U.S. Embassy in Moscow]] in 1973, code-named MUTS-2. He noted that these signals were regarded as posing a greater health hazard due to their duration and peculiar characteristics[^2].
 
 On November 28, 1995, Gates appeared on *Nightline* with [[Ted Koppel]] to discuss the [[STARGATE PROJECT|Stargate program]], where he downplayed the significance of the government's psychic research[^2].
 
+### Remote Viewing
+
+On ABC's *Nightline* of November 28, 1995, the night the [[1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate|AIR evaluation]] of the remote-viewing program was released, Gates said that after the mid-1970s "CIA basically monitored the activities of other government agencies and what was going on in the academic community and then in mid 1980s, then-deputy director [[John McMahon]] formalized that. So, CIA really during that period had a very limited role"; that "I don't know of a single instance where it is documented that this kind of activity contributed in any significant way to a policy decision or even to informing policy makers about important information"; that "most intelligence professionals have been pretty skeptical of this. We got into it, I think, mainly because we heard the Soviets were involved and also because the Congress, individual members of the Congress and some staff pushed us into it"; and that "this is a pretty low priority for the intelligence community, and it's better done on the outside."[^3]
+
 ### Publications
 *   *From the Shadows* (1997)
 
 ### Footnotes
+
 [^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
 [^2]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^3]: "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room.

10 - PEOPLE/(A-G)/Uri Geller.md

@@ -38,8 +38,13 @@ In the winter of 1975, Geller was tested by a group of nuclear physicists and en
 
 On January 23, 1973, Russell Targ and Hal Puthoff showed a CIA audience a film of their experiments with "Uri Geller, an Israeli magician with claimed capabilities in ESP." The Office of Research and Development's memorandum of the next day recorded that "the SRI work with Geller has been supported by Edgar Mitchell's foundation, by something with a name like Mind Science Institute of Los Angeles, and by TSD," the [[Technical Services Division]]. The film showed Geller reproducing sealed drawings, calling dice, finding metal or water in one of twelve containers, "and bending spoons by touching them with apparently much less force than would be required normally." The writer added: "On the basis of meetings I have attended at ARPA, whose Drs. Austin Kibler and George Lawrence have been to SRI to observe Geller, Puthoff and Targ in action, there is serious doubt that Geller's accomplishment transcends the range of activities a skillful magician can perform and much concern that Puthoff's and Targ's own experimental bias in favor of successful outcomes is undermining their objectivity in designing properly controlled experimental procedures. Geller's connections with Dr. A. Puharich, with whom many unsavory reports have been linked, also is disturbing." He recommended asking TSD about "their plans for future research at SRI, both with Geller and with other subjects such as Ingo Swann," and noted that one manager in the science and technology directorate had said he was "humbled" by the film. A further file, "Experiments - Uri Geller at SRI, August 4-11, 1973," is in the same collection.[^3]
 
+### August 1973
+
+Targ's log of the sessions of August 4 to 11, 1973, in an "electrically shielded room" once used for EEG research, records that on August 5 for the target word "fuse" (a firecracker) Geller "saw 'a cylinder with noise coming out of it'" and drew a drum; for "bunch" (grapes) he drew grapes, and "both the target picture and Geller's rendition had 24 grapes in the bunch"; that evening he could not draw a devil with a trident, producing "Moses' Tablets" and an apple with a snake, Targ noting "the inability on Geller's part to draw the devil may be culturally induced." On August 6, with a target drawn "by a scientist of whom Geller is not fond," he "got no clear impression and passed," but named the artist. On August 7, with EEG electrodes, he passed twice; on August 8 he passed on a camel and the Golden Gate Bridge and drew a flying gull correctly. "Good results were obtained on the four days when there was no openly skeptical observer (except the experimenters whom Geller has learned to accept)." On August 9, 150 feet from a kite drawn on a computer terminal, "his first drawing was a good representation of the actual target picture"; on August 10 he passed on a church stored in computer memory and drew "an arrow inside a suitcase" for an arrow through a heart, Targ allowing either "clairvoyant perception of information stored in the computer, or telepathy since there were several people in the computer room who knew the nature of the target." Of two long-distance trials with East Coast scientists, Targ called the first "suggestive of communication but not conclusive" and left the second unjudged. "In our detailed examination of the shielded room and the protocol used in these experiments no sensory leakage has been found."[^4]
+
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997.
 [^2]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
 [^3]: Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Research and Development, memorandum ORD-413-73, "Briefing by Stanford Research Institute," January 24, 1973, CIA-RDP96-00787R000400070029-2. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Experiments - Uri Geller at SRI, August 4-11, 1973," CIA-RDP96-00787R000700110003-2, not read.
+[^4]: Targ, Russell. "Experiments: Uri Geller at SRI, August 4-11, 1973," memorandum of August 13, 1973, CIA-RDP96-00787R000700110003-2. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Edwin May.md

@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ In 1991, SRI withdrew from the remote viewing research contract. May negotiated
 
 When the CIA, which had taken custody of the program from the DIA in 1995 at the direction of Congress, contracted the American Institutes for Research in June 1995 to evaluate it ([[1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate]]), May, as principal investigator, was asked "to list those studies which he believes provide the strongest evidence" and every unique study since the 1988 National Research Council report. His memorandum of July 25, 1995, listed ten SAIC experiments, among them "Entropy II" (90 trials, effect size 0.550, p = 9.1 × 10^-8), "ERD AC Behavior" (70 trials, 0.303), "Remote observation" (48 trials, 0.361), and "AC with binary coding" (40 trials, −0.067). [[Jessica Utts]] took them, with the 1988 analysis of the SRI database, as establishing that "psychic functioning has been well established"; [[Ray Hyman]] agreed the effects were "too large and consistent to be dismissed as statistical flukes" but held that ten experiments from one laboratory could not establish a phenomenon. May told the panel that "approximately 20 percent of the information supplied by a viewer is accurate," and AIR noted that throughout the experiments "only one judge, apparently the Principal Investigator, was used in assessing matches." The report of September 29, 1995, recommended against continuing the operational program. May's commentary in the *Journal of Parapsychology* the next year described the review as the result of "a Congressionally Directed Activity" and gave the report's public release as November 28, 1995.[^1]
 
+### The 1996 Commentary
+
+May "was asked by the CIA to provide administrative support, technical documents, and briefings on an as-needed basis for the review," under a small contract to SAIC, from which he resigned on November 28, 1995, the day the report was released. His commentary in the *Journal of Parapsychology* argued that "there is compelling evidence that the CIA set the outcome with regard to intelligence usage before the evaluation had begun," by "limiting the research and operations data sets to exclude positive findings, by purposefully not interviewing historically significant participants, by ignoring previous extensive Department of Defense program reviews, and by using the questionable National Research Council's investigation of parapsychology as the starting point." He noted that AIR's president, David Goslin, had also overseen the NRC's 1988 report; that of the seventeen members of the SRI and SAIC oversight committees and review board "only one was contacted by the CIA"; that his memorandum of June 6, 1995, "the existence of anomalous mental phenomena cannot be statistically determined from the results of a single laboratory," was "ignored by fiat"; and that a Senate staff member told him the CIA's briefing to Congress gave eight bullet points to Hyman's conclusions and four to Utts's. He quoted Jessica Utts's letter of December 19, 1995: "I was explicitly asked by AIR staff NOT to mention the NRC report in my review!" and "we were shown very little of the 'operational' remote-viewing work"; and [[Robert Rosenthal]] on the NRC's 1988 request that he omit his ganzfeld section, "censorship did not occur." He quoted [[Joe McMoneagle]]'s 1984 Legion of Merit citation, "more than 200 missions, addressing over 150 essential elements of information," reported "at the highest echelons," and traced a line from ARPA's George Lawrence and Hyman being refused access at SRI in 1974, through Lawrence's commissioning of the NRC study in 1985, to Goslin's AIR review. Of the program's last years: a 1993 attempt to move it to the CIA "found no willing recipient," the last DIA officer "had little knowledge of the program," and "the program was in shambles." "I am forced to conclude that either the AIR investigators were not competent to conduct a proper review of such a complex program, a view to which I do not subscribe, or they knew exactly what they were doing: They wanted to demonstrate that AC lacked usefulness for intelligence operations. They did so by construction rather than by careful analysis." On *Nightline* that November he said: "I think about 15% of our data, over 1500 separate remote viewing trials, are of such a quality that you might think they were sketched," and, after [[Robert Gates]] said the work was "better done on the outside": "I couldn't agree with Director Gates more."[^2]
+
 ### Post-STARGATE Research
 
 After the STAR GATE program's termination, May founded the Laboratories for Fundamental Research (LFR) in Palo Alto, California, a private research organization continuing anomalous cognition research. He published extensively in scientific journals on experimental parapsychology, focusing on statistical analysis of remote viewing data and theoretical frameworks for understanding what physical mechanism might account for the observed effects. He proposed "decision augmentation theory" (DAT) as a framework for interpreting the statistical patterns in remote viewing data without requiring conventional psychic transmission.
@@ -45,3 +49,4 @@ May continued to serve as a consultant on anomalous cognition research for acade
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Mumford, Michael D., Andrew M. Rose, and David A. Goslin. *An Evaluation of Remote Viewing: Research and Applications.* American Institutes for Research, September 29, 1995, pp. 2-3, 3-18, 3-67, 5-2. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB438/docs/doc_57.pdf May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, 1996, pp. 3-23, abstract only.
+[^2]: May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 3-23. The letter of December 19, 1995, is printed at pp. 15-17 as Utts's reply to May's e-mail of December 17, checked against the page images. "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room.

10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Hella Hammid.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 created: 2026-05-17
-updated: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-09-21
 title: Hella Hammid
 aliases:
   - Hella Hammid
@@ -25,15 +25,19 @@ Hella Hammid (July 15, 1921 - May 1, 1992) was a German-American professional ph
 
 Puthoff and Targ began working with Hammid after establishing the initial remote viewing protocol with Swann. Her participation addressed a key question about the SRI research: whether the remote viewing phenomenon was specific to individuals with claimed psychic abilities or whether it could be demonstrated in ordinary subjects with no prior psychic claims.
 
-Hammid was a subject in the formal SRI remote viewing experiments described in Puthoff and Targ's 1976 paper in *Proceedings of the IEEE*, which presented results from a series of experiments conducted under controlled conditions with independent judges evaluating the correspondence between subjects' descriptions and target locations. Her results contributed to the statistical case for anomalous information transfer that the SRI team presented to [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] and Defense Department sponsors as evidence of a genuine, reproducible phenomenon.
+Hammid was a subject in the formal SRI remote viewing experiments described in Puthoff and Targ's 1976 paper in *Proceedings of the IEEE*, which presented results from a series of experiments conducted under controlled conditions with independent judges evaluating the correspondence between subjects' descriptions and target locations. Her results contributed to the statistical case for anomalous information transfer that the SRI team presented to CIA and Defense Department sponsors as evidence of a genuine, reproducible phenomenon.
 
 The SRI protocol for Hammid and other subjects involved an outbound experimenter who traveled to a randomly selected location within thirty minutes' driving distance. The subject remained at SRI with Puthoff or Targ and attempted to describe the target location through spontaneous description and drawing. Independent judges matched the descriptions to the target locations blind, without knowing which description came from which trial.[^1]
 
+### The 1974 Record
+
+SRI's first progress report of March 1974 records "a preliminary remote viewing pilot experiment" with "a subject (H.H.) previously screened by the EEG correlates experiment": "The target chosen at random was a small red clapboard schoolhouse structure with a bell steeple on top in a miniature golf course. The subject's response was that she saw a red clapboard structure with a steeple that seemed to be artificial as in a movie set." An outside reviewer noted that of six subjects in the EEG work, "one of the six subjects, HH, showed a consistent alpha blocking effort. Therefore, this subject was studied further and most of the data recorded is based on HH's performance." A CIA officer who observed her in 1974 wrote: "Hella is very alert and outgoing; although not insightful. She is very concerned with her performance. Her aim seems to be pleasing the experimenters rather than proving anything to herself." "She does very badly on absolute size estimates. She does very well on indicating lighting conditions, including the presence of steady or pulsing lights. She does not often describe colors, but is very accurate when she does." "There can be no question that Hella can repeatably, although not reliably, produce information not available through normal means." Set to describe an electric typewriter on which the officer had typed for ten minutes, she missed, while [[Russell Targ]], who had been questioning her throughout, "gave a nearly perfect account of the target." Called in by a police lieutenant named Konar, who "had exhausted all available leads" in the murder of a young woman in the [[Stanford University|Stanford]] chapel, she "gave details of the crime location, described the victim and her assailant, indicated the exact location of the fatal wound, alluded to the ritualistic tone of the crime, and traced the victim's movements before the crime as well as the relocation of the body afterwards," the only known error being earrings; Konar wrote SRI a letter and followed her leads; but "none of the data that Hella generated, that has been verified, was unknown to Lt. Konar at the time of this experiment. Therefore, it is possible that Hella received all of her information from the Lt., by some unknown means." The same officer warned that if funding lapsed Puthoff and Targ "will publish everything they have generated," including "their association with unreliable subjects." A cassette of September 19, 1974, is catalogued "Tape 'N' Text Editor and Drill Press, Beacon Russell Targ, Viewer Hella Hammid."[^2]
+
 ### Project Deep Quest
 
 Hammid participated in [[Project Deep Quest]] in the summer of 1977, a unique experiment testing whether remote viewing could be performed under extreme environmental conditions. The experiment, conducted in the [[Pacific Ocean]] near Catalina Island, used the deep-sea research submersible *Taurus I*.
 
-In one part of the experiment, Hammid worked with [[Ingo Swann]] to attempt to identify the locations of previously unidentified seafloor shipwrecks, using maps and dowsing-style intuitive technique. Both subjects independently marked a single location; when the *Taurus I* investigated, the submersible found an uncharted wreck.
+In one part of the experiment, Hammid worked with Ingo Swann to attempt to identify the locations of previously unidentified seafloor shipwrecks, using maps and dowsing-style intuitive technique. Both subjects independently marked a single location; when the *Taurus I* investigated, the submersible found an uncharted wreck.
 
 In the Air Force's classified component of the experiment, Hammid was sealed inside the *Taurus I* submersible at 500 feet depth, 375 miles from a land-based target she had not been told about. She was given a set of six sealed envelopes and asked to identify which contained a photograph corresponding to a location on land where Puthoff and [[Dale Graff]] were serving as a beacon. Her selection matched the correct target.[^1]
 
@@ -46,3 +50,4 @@ Hammid was not herself a CIA employee or contractor; she was a civilian research
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research." *Proceedings of the IEEE* 64, no. 3 (March 1976): 329-354 (the primary published SRI remote viewing experimental results).
+[^2]: Puthoff, Harold E. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* progress report no. 1, March 12, 1974, SRI Project 3183, CIA-RDP96-00787R000100010001-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Review of Perceptual Augmentation Techniques," unsigned review of SRI progress reports 1 to 3, c. August 1974, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200230001-6. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Experiments with Hella Hammid," CIA memoranda of 1974 with an officer's trip report of November 1974, author's name redacted, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200070006-9 and CIA-RDP96-00787R000200070002-3; cassette catalogue card of September 19, 1974, CIA-RDP79-00999A000400040013-3. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Joe McMoneagle.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 created: 2026-05-17
-updated: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-09-21
 title: Joe McMoneagle
 aliases:
   - Joe McMoneagle
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ tags:
   - 1970s
   - 1980s
 category: "Military"
-summary: "Joe McMoneagle was a U.S. Army warrant officer who was one of the original six remote viewers recruited into the STARGATE program in 1977, produced the program's most operationally credited results including confirmed details of a Soviet Typhoon-class submarine, and received the Legion of Merit at retirement for his remote viewing work."
+summary: "Army warrant officer, viewer 001 of the original Fort Meade unit from 1978, credited by the program with the Typhoon submarine description, who declined promotion and retired in 1984 to continue at SRI."
 born: 1946-01-10
 location: "Miami, Florida"
 ---
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ Frederick "Skip" Atwater, the Army intelligence officer who proposed and organiz
 
 The program received training and protocol guidance from [[Hal Puthoff]] and [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]], where [[Russell Targ]] and SRI researchers had developed the remote viewing experimental protocol under CIA contract since 1972.
 
+His Grill Flame volunteer security agreement is dated February 8, 1979, his participant counseling statement October 26, 1979, and his volunteer consent statement February 19, 1980, the same forms signed by Mel Riley on February 8, 1979.[^1]
+
 ### Operational Remote Viewing
 
 McMoneagle became the program's most operationally credited viewer. Among his notable sessions:
@@ -50,15 +52,20 @@ The NSA surveillance device: Tasked by the NSA, McMoneagle accurately identified
 
 Skylab reentry (1979): McMoneagle provided coordinates for the crash zone of Skylab, which reentered Earth's atmosphere over eastern Australia, consistent with the actual debris field.
 
+On August 26, 1983, "CW2(P) Joseph Mc Moneagle, CENTER LANE Project Member," briefed General [[Albert Stubblebine]] with the project manager and operations officer on the project and the [[Monroe Institute]]. On November 30 Stubblebine "asked me if CW2 McMoneagle still planned to decline his promotion and retire. I stated that he had already declined the promotion."[^2]
+
+His Legion of Merit citation of 1984, as quoted by [[Edwin May]], read that he "served most recently as a Special Project Intelligence Officer for SSPD, SSD, and 902d MI Group, as one of the original planners and movers of a unique intelligence project that is revolutionizing the intelligence community," and "used his talents and expertise in the execution of more than 200 missions, addressing over 150 essential elements of information," reported "at the highest echelons of our military and government, including such national level agencies as the Joint Chiefs of Staff, DIA, NSA, CIA, DEA, and the Secret Service, producing crucial and vital intelligence unavailable from any other source." On *Nightline* in November 1995 he said of the Iran hostages that "there were 2 or 3 others that were held away from the Embassy," and "we were instrumental in helping identify that location. The inside of the location, the exterior of the location, the uniforms and the kinds of people that were holding them," and of Dozier that the viewing "was absolutely accurate. As well as the description of the room he was being held in, how he was being held, chained to the heater."[^3]
+
 ### Retirement and Later Work
 
-McMoneagle retired from the Army in 1984 with the rank of Chief Warrant Officer. His Legion of Merit citation referenced his contributions to intelligence collection through unconventional means. After retirement, he continued as a civilian consultant to the STAR GATE program - operating under DIA oversight through the Sun Streak and STAR GATE code names - until its declassification in 1995.
+McMoneagle retired from the Army in 1984 with the rank of Chief Warrant Officer. His Legion of Merit citation referenced his contributions to intelligence collection through unconventional means. After retirement, he continued as a civilian consultant to the STAR GATE program - operating under DIA oversight through the [[Sun Streak]] and STAR GATE code names - until its declassification in 1995.
 
-He married Nancy Lea Honeychurch, the sister of Robert Monroe, the founder of the [[Monroe Institute]] in Faber, Virginia. The Monroe Institute had developed methods for inducing altered states of consciousness using binaural audio technology and had trained some STARGATE viewers in out-of-body techniques. McMoneagle became associated with the institute after his retirement.
+He married Nancy Lea Honeychurch, the sister of Robert Monroe, the founder of the Monroe Institute in Faber, Virginia. The Monroe Institute had developed methods for inducing altered states of consciousness using binaural audio technology and had trained some STARGATE viewers in out-of-body techniques. McMoneagle became associated with the institute after his retirement.
 
 He published two books describing his work and his theoretical framework: *Mind Trek: Exploring Consciousness, Time, and Space Through Remote Viewing* (Hampton Roads, 1993) and *Remote Viewing Secrets: A Handbook* (Hampton Roads, 2000). He has continued to participate in publicly available remote viewing demonstrations and research.
 
 ### Footnotes
 
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017, pp. 155-202. Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, pp. 170-256.
-[^2]: McMoneagle, Joseph. *Mind Trek: Exploring Consciousness, Time, and Space Through Remote Viewing.* Hampton Roads, 1993.
+[^1]: Grill Flame volunteer security agreements, consent statements, and counseling statements for Joseph W. McMoneagle (February 8, 1979; October 26, 1979; February 19, 1980), Melvin C. Riley (February 8, 1979), and Robert C. Cowart (June 3 and October 2, 1981), and "Requirement for Access to DIA Sun Streak Project (Brian Buzby)," May 10, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00789R0021001500xx series. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: Jachim, Robert J., memorandum "Briefing for MG A.N. Stubblebine III," October 8, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220022-7; Buzby, Brian, memoranda "CENTER LANE Briefing for CG, USAINSCOM," August 29, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220011-9), "Meeting With MG Stubblebine on 30 November 1983," December 6, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220010-0), and "Meeting with MG Stubblebine on 6 January 1984," January 17, 1984 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220009-2); letter of the ACSI to Stubblebine, "CENTER LANE," April 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220002-9). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 3-23. "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room.

10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/John Marsh.md

@@ -16,5 +16,9 @@ John Marsh was the Secretary of the [[U.S. Army]]. On August 24, 1984, he author
 
 Marsh's authorization was a crucial step in ensuring the continuation of the U.S. government's psychic research efforts, despite the ongoing debates and controversies surrounding them[^1].
 
+As Secretary of the Army, Marsh was briefed on [[Center Lane]] by General Albert Stubblebine on June 13, 1983, approved its establishment as a special access program on June 15 and its continuation on September 1, was briefed again in October 1983, with the assistant secretary Delbert Spurlock present, and on January 5, 1984, on the [[Monroe Institute]], and on August 23, 1984, approved the project's discontinuance as an Army program and its transfer to the Defense Intelligence Agency.[^2]
+
 ### Footnotes
+
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^2]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8; the scan's table columns are reflowed by OCR and some dates are uncertain. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Kenneth A. Kress.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ The office had spent 874 dollars on a few days' work in August 1972 and 2,500 mo
 
 ### The Article
 
-His review, "Parapsychology in Intelligence: A Personal Review and Conclusions," appeared in the classified *Studies in Intelligence* in the winter of 1977 and was declassified in 1996. It recorded the briefing of Director [[George H.W. Bush|George Bush]] in 1976, [[Stansfield Turner]]'s public acknowledgment of 1977, and the state of interest at DIA, DARPA, the Navy, and the Air Force, and ended: "This is not to say that parapsychology is a proven intelligence tool; it is to say that the evaluation is not yet complete and more research is needed." In a postscript of January 1999 for its reprinting he mentioned a later "secure line call from a person who identified himself as an FBI agent" and wrote: "Me, I remain a skeptical agnostic." Representative [[Charles Rose]] was briefed at OTS by its chief, David Brandwein, on February 9, 1978.[^2][^4]
+His review, "Parapsychology in Intelligence: A Personal Review and Conclusions," appeared in the classified *Studies in Intelligence* in the winter of 1977 and was declassified in 1996. It recorded the briefing of Director [[George H.W. Bush|George Bush]] in 1976, [[Stansfield Turner]]'s public acknowledgment of 1977, and the state of interest at DIA, DARPA, the Navy, and the Air Force, and ended: "This is not to say that parapsychology is a proven intelligence tool; it is to say that the evaluation is not yet complete and more research is needed." In a postscript of January 1999 for its reprinting he mentioned a later "secure line call from a person who identified himself as an FBI agent" and wrote: "Me, I remain a skeptical agnostic." Representative [[Charles Rose]] was briefed at OTS by its chief, [[David Brandwein]], on February 9, 1978.[^2][^4]
 
 ### Footnotes
 

10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Ray Hyman.md

@@ -31,8 +31,11 @@ In 1995 the [[American Institutes for Research]], under contract to the CIA, eng
 
 Writing in the *Skeptical Inquirer* in 1996, he said the CIA "abandoned this program in the late 1970s because it showed no promise," that under the DIA it "consisted of three components," one tracking foreign work, an operations program of "six, and later three, psychics on the government payroll," and the laboratory research at SRI and SAIC; that "because of some controversies within the program, a Senate committee decided to transfer the program from the DIA back to the CIA"; that "May helped identify the ten best studies for Utts and me to evaluate"; and that the panel "all agreed that any scientifically meaningful evaluation of these operational psychic intelligence uses was impossible." He ended: "It is premature to draw any conclusions. We will simply have to wait and see. If history is a guide, then this will be a long wait, indeed."[^3]
 
+On *Nightline* on November 28, 1995, he said: "My considered judgment, if someone pushed me hard right now, I'd have to say the odds are 99 to 1 that there's nothing to remote viewing." Edwin May's commentary of 1996 traced "a thread of bias" from the visit to SRI (1973 or 1974, the accounts differ) at which Hyman, George Lawrence of ARPA, and Robert Van de Castle were refused access to an experiment in progress, and *Time* quoted Hyman on the tests' "incredible sloppiness," through Lawrence's commissioning of the National Research Council study in 1985 with Hyman leading its parapsychology section, to the AIR review under David Goslin, who had administered the NRC report.[^4]
+
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
 [^2]: Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of Program on Anomalous Mental Phenomena," September 11, 1995, reproduced in the AIR report, pp. 3-41 to 3-75, and published in *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 31-58. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB438/docs/doc_57.pdf
 [^3]: Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of the Military's Twenty-Year Program on Psychic Spying," *Skeptical Inquirer,* March-April 1996, pp. 21-23.
+[^4]: "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room. May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 3-23.

10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Ricardo Morales Navarrete.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ updated: 2026-09-21
 
 Ricardo Morales Navarrete, called El Mono, gave his birth as [[Havana]], June 14, 1939, in his 1981 deposition. In 1968 he helped [[Orlando Bosch]] with instruction in bombs "and then suddenly surfaced in court as an FBI informant and as the chief witness against the baby doctor, who went to jail." By 1976 he was a comisario of [[DISIP]], the Venezuelan security police, in charge of Section D-54, its counterintelligence section, under the code name Comisario Moises.[^1][^2]
 
-Michael Townley told the Chilean military prosecutor in 1978 that when [[DINA]] asked him early in 1975 about Orlando Bosch's group, he advised against contact because it "had been infiltrated by the CIA, the FBI, and specifically by a certain 'Mono' Navarrete."[^3]
+[[Michael Townley]] told the Chilean military prosecutor in 1978 that when [[DINA]] asked him early in 1975 about Orlando Bosch's group, he advised against contact because it "had been infiltrated by the CIA, the FBI, and specifically by a certain 'Mono' Navarrete."[^3]
 
 ### Caracas
 

10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Robert Jachim.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+category: "Intelligence & Government"
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - RobertJachim
+  - INSCOM
+  - GrillFlame
+  - CenterLane
+  - FortMeade
+alias:
+  - Robert J. Jachim
+summary: "INSCOM lieutenant colonel who managed the Grill Flame remote-viewing project from July 1981 to 1983, briefed Senator Pell and the Senate Appropriations staff in 1982, and recorded Stubblebine's decision to keep the unit."
+location: "Fort Meade, Maryland"
+created: 2026-09-21
+updated: 2026-09-21
+---
+
+Robert J. Jachim, a lieutenant colonel of military intelligence, attended the first briefing of the new commander of [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]], [[Albert Stubblebine]], on [[STARGATE PROJECT|Grill Flame]] on June 30, 1981, as "incoming project manager" beside Lieutenant Colonel [[Murray Watt]], and "assumes project manager duties" on July 17. He gave the standard INSCOM briefing to staff of the [[Senate Appropriations Committee]] on June 29, 1982 ("In the fall of 1978, ACSI tasked INSCOM to determine if parapsychology could be used to collect intelligence"), and wrote the record of the briefing of Senator [[Claiborne Pell]] by [[Jack Vorona]] of DIA and INSCOM representatives in his office at the Capitol on September 29, 1982. His memorandum of the full briefing to Stubblebine on September 27, 1982, records the general choosing the 902d Military Intelligence Group's Security Support Detachment as the unit's new home before the options had been read out, and the guidance "Get out of the briefing mode!" and "Prepare a letter to MG [[William Odom|Odom]] notifying him of the decision to continue the project." He remained manager through the change of name to [[Center Lane]] until the summer of 1983.[^1]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Memorandum for the record, "Initial Grill Flame Briefing to MG Stubblebine as CG, INSCOM, 30 June 1981," July 1, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220001-0; "Briefing Given to Senate Appropriations Committee 29 June 1982," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100290005-5; Jachim, Robert J., memorandum "Information Briefing for Senator Clairborne Pell," October 6, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100320001-5; Buzby, Brian, information paper "GRILL FLAME Briefing Presented to Senator Pell," February 6, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100320004-2. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Jachim, Robert J., memorandum "Briefing for MG A.N. Stubblebine III," October 8, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220022-7; Buzby, Brian, memoranda "CENTER LANE Briefing for CG, USAINSCOM," August 29, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220011-9), "Meeting With MG Stubblebine on 30 November 1983," December 6, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220010-0), and "Meeting with MG Stubblebine on 6 January 1984," January 17, 1984 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220009-2); letter of the ACSI to Stubblebine, "CENTER LANE," April 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220002-9). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8; the scan's table columns are reflowed by OCR and some dates are uncertain. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(H-M)/Ronald McIntyre.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Ronald McIntyre, an admiral of the [[Chile|Chilean]] navy, served at the Chilean
 
 ### Brigade 2506
 
-In early September 1976, three weeks before the killing of [[Orlando Letelier]], Manuel Camargo telephoned to say he was in Washington with the leadership of [[Brigade 2506]]. McIntyre asked the embassy for an official, and Tomás Amenábar sent Rafael Otero; he also called in the deputy naval attaché, Commander Fernando Lazcano, and Commander Lautaro Sazo. The Brigade's president, Roberto Carballo, Camargo, and [[Bernardo de Torres]] came to his office. "The leadership stated they were committed to uniting all anti-Castro Cubans. That it was in their interest to end all the acts of terrorism that infiltrated small Cuban groups were carrying out in Miami. That they believed their efforts had succeeded since no bombings had occurred since they took over the leadership." The "only discordant note" was Carballo's feeling "over the detention in Chile and handover to US authorities of the Cuban [[Rolando Otero|Otero]] (today sentenced as a terrorist in Miami)." "The Cuban group in New Jersey" had sent him a copy of a letter to the Chilean consul in [[New York City|New York]] declining to attend the visit of the training ship Esmeralda in July 1976 "precisely because of the handover of Otero"; "this letter was signed by [[Guillermo Novo|Novo]], one of the brothers implicated in the Letelier crime. This letter was not answered." He had "no knowledge of the death of Mr. Orlando Letelier," and the facts "are known to Prosecutor [[Eugene Propper|Propper]]." On June 22, 1978, the prosecutor asked the CNI to have the Cuban participants questioned.[^1]
+In early September 1976, three weeks before the killing of [[Orlando Letelier]], Manuel Camargo telephoned to say he was in Washington with the leadership of [[Brigade 2506]]. McIntyre asked the embassy for an official, and Tomás Amenábar sent Rafael Otero; he also called in the deputy naval attaché, Commander Fernando Lazcano, and Commander Lautaro Sazo. The Brigade's president, Roberto Carballo, Camargo, and [[Bernardo de Torres]] came to his office. "The leadership stated they were committed to uniting all anti-Castro Cubans. That it was in their interest to end all the acts of terrorism that infiltrated small Cuban groups were carrying out in Miami. That they believed their efforts had succeeded since no bombings had occurred since they took over the leadership." The "only discordant note" was Carballo's feeling "over the detention in Chile and handover to US authorities of the Cuban [[Rolando Otero|Otero]] (today sentenced as a terrorist in Miami)." "The Cuban group in [[New Jersey]]" had sent him a copy of a letter to the Chilean consul in [[New York City|New York]] declining to attend the visit of the training ship Esmeralda in July 1976 "precisely because of the handover of Otero"; "this letter was signed by [[Guillermo Novo|Novo]], one of the brothers implicated in the Letelier crime. This letter was not answered." He had "no knowledge of the death of Mr. Orlando Letelier," and the facts "are known to Prosecutor [[Eugene Propper|Propper]]." On June 22, 1978, the prosecutor asked the CNI to have the Cuban participants questioned.[^1]
 
 ### Footnotes
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Albert Stubblebine.md

@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ Stubblebine received his first Grill Flame briefing as incoming commander of INS
 
 At the briefing of June 30, 1981, attended by Brigadier General Flynn, Colonel Weinstein, Colonel White, and the two project managers, "MG Stubblebine instructed us to ensure that there were no legal problems concerning our joint contractual effort with DIA, especially to be watchful of mixing OM&A and R&D monies," and, reviewing the customer evaluations, "expressed the thought that the evaluations were a clear indication that we were on to something and that work in this area had to continue."[^2]
 
+On September 27, 1982, four days before the cut, he heard the full Grill Flame briefing at building 2561, "well over an hour" of it on the project book and two unevaluated cases; "he was unaware of the problems we had had in getting information from Europe, concerning [[James Dozier|Dozier]]." Coming from a visit to Lieutenant General [[Lincoln D. Faurer|Faurer]] of the [[National Security Agency|NSA]], he dismissed one option for housing the unit as soon as it was clear it had no spaces or money of its own, and "before I could finish, MG Stubblebine selected SSD, 902D as the organization to which the project would go. As I tried to continue with other options, MG Stubblebine then indicated I must not have heard him for he had already made his decision." His guidance included "Get out of the briefing mode!" The assistant chief of staff for intelligence wrote to him in April 1983 that "I applaud your efforts to establish a Special Access Program," and that INSCOM should present itself as engaged in "a similar, cooperative effort of its own initiative" rather than the former joint program. In 1983 he briefed the Army Science Board, the under secretary [[James Ambrose]], and the Secretary of the Army, [[John Marsh]], himself. On August 26, 1983, after Buzby, Atwater, and McMoneagle briefed him on the project and the [[Monroe Institute]], "the CG started to relate some of his experiences and personal thoughts in the field of parapsychology," and "directed me to expand the program with quality people, develop a screening program to identify qualified people for the project; and employ advance techniques for intelligence collection." His chief of staff asked whether the project was receiving information from Lieutenant Colonel John B. Alexander and was told that Alexander's involvement "was entirely overt and that we neither had nor wanted any contact with him." On January 6, 1984, he asked to be kept informed of the "Los Alamos Project," "as it was his initiative," and agreed not to fund a new Monroe Institute proposal. On March 13, 1984, the director of the Army staff cancelled RAPT, the Hemi-Sync screening course, and on July 13 his successor, [[Harry Soyster]], decided to discontinue Center Lane.[^3]
+
 ### Post-Military Career
 
 After retirement, Stubblebine became involved in alternative health movements and supplement businesses. He married psychiatrist Rima Laibow, and the two became prominent voices in alternative medicine and health freedom advocacy, including campaigns against mandatory vaccination and opposition to pharmaceutical industry regulation. This later career was distant in character from his military intelligence background but reflected a consistent pattern of skepticism toward mainstream institutional authority.
@@ -63,3 +65,4 @@ Stubblebine died February 6, 2017 - his 87th birthday - at his home in [[New Mex
 
 [^1]: Buzby, Brian, memoranda for the record, "Initial Grill Flame Briefing to MG Stubblebine as CG, INSCOM, 30 June 1981" (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220001-0), "Meeting With MG Stubblebine on 30 November 1983" (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220010-0), and "Meeting with MG Stubblebine on 6 January 1984" (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220009-2). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "Briefing - Project Center Lane," c. 1984, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100180002-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
 [^2]: Memorandum for the record, "Initial Grill Flame Briefing to MG Stubblebine as CG, INSCOM, 30 June 1981," July 1, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220001-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: Jachim, Robert J., memorandum "Briefing for MG A.N. Stubblebine III," October 8, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220022-7; Buzby, Brian, memoranda "CENTER LANE Briefing for CG, USAINSCOM," August 29, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220011-9), "Meeting With MG Stubblebine on 30 November 1983," December 6, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220010-0), and "Meeting with MG Stubblebine on 6 January 1984," January 17, 1984 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220009-2); letter of the ACSI to Stubblebine, "CENTER LANE," April 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220002-9). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8; the scan's table columns are reflowed by OCR and some dates are uncertain. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Charlie Rose.md

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Charles Rose, a Democrat, represented North Carolina's seventh district in the [
 
 ### Briefings
 
-On February 9, 1978, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s legislative counsel met Rose and his aide Dick Giza at the agency's front entrance for four briefings, one of them at the [[CIA Office of Technical Service|Office of Technical Service]], the office that had funded the SRI remote-viewing work, "largely handled by the Chief of OTS, Mr. David S. Brandwein." In July 1979 the chairman of the Defense Department's Grill Flame committee, Jack Vorona of the DIA, missed its meeting because he "was briefing Congressman Rose on DoD efforts and interest in parapsychology"; Rose and Representative Young "were primarily interested in the funding of such projects within the DoD." The committee's minutes of January 10, 1980, recorded that "as a result of that interest, arrangements were made to present the INSCOM briefing," that "Congressional concern and support were expressed for funding the program in FY 80, 81, and 82," and that "Congressman Rose will be on the CIA Life Science Panel." The Army's assistant chief of staff for intelligence, Major General Edmund Thompson, wrote in an eyes-only memorandum: "Congressman Rose is a topic worth discussion. It has been about three months since he was briefed on program specifics, and we should keep in mind his oft-repeated desire to be kept up to date on a continuing basis. A situation as before in which the last briefing was done at his instigation, forcing us to be reactors rather than action takers, should be avoided." INSCOM's chronology lists him briefed on January 16, 1980, January 14, 1981, and, "on human use issue," April 16, 1981.[^5][^6][^7]
+On February 9, 1978, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s legislative counsel met Rose and his aide Dick Giza at the agency's front entrance for four briefings, one of them at the [[CIA Office of Technical Service|Office of Technical Service]], the office that had funded the SRI remote-viewing work, "largely handled by the Chief of OTS, Mr. David S. Brandwein." In July 1979 the chairman of the Defense Department's Grill Flame committee, Jack Vorona of the DIA, missed its meeting because he "was briefing Congressman Rose on DoD efforts and interest in parapsychology"; Rose and Representative Young "were primarily interested in the funding of such projects within the DoD." The committee's minutes of January 10, 1980, recorded that "as a result of that interest, arrangements were made to present the INSCOM briefing," that "Congressional concern and support were expressed for funding the program in FY 80, 81, and 82," and that "Congressman Rose will be on the CIA Life Science Panel." The Army's assistant chief of staff for intelligence, Major General Edmund Thompson, wrote in an eyes-only memorandum: "Congressman Rose is a topic worth discussion. It has been about three months since he was briefed on program specifics, and we should keep in mind his oft-repeated desire to be kept up to date on a continuing basis. A situation as before in which the last briefing was done at his instigation, forcing us to be reactors rather than action takers, should be avoided." INSCOM's chronology lists him briefed on January 16, 1980, February 11, 1981, and, "on human use issue," April 16, 1981 (Watt's memorandum of the April briefing says he had last briefed Rose in January 1980, so the February briefing was given by someone else).[^5][^6][^7]
 
 ### April 16, 1981
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Claiborne Pell.md

@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ tags:
   - CIA
   - Military
   - RemoteViewer
-summary: "Claiborne Pell (1918–2009) was a powerful Democratic Senator from Rhode Island and a ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee."
+summary: "Claiborne Pell (1918-2009) was a powerful Democratic Senator from Rhode Island and a ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee."
 born: 1918-11-22
 died: 2009-01-01
 location: "New York City, USA"
 ---
 
-Claiborne Pell (1918–2009) was a powerful Democratic Senator from Rhode Island and a ranking member of the [[Senate Foreign Relations Committee]]. A former [[Foreign Service]] officer who had worked behind enemy lines in Nazi-occupied Hungary, Pell was a firm supporter and proponent of [[Extrasensory Perception|extrasensory perception]] and the [[Remote Viewing]] program[^1].
+Claiborne Pell (1918-2009) was a powerful Democratic Senator from Rhode Island and a ranking member of the [[Senate Foreign Relations Committee]]. A former [[Foreign Service]] officer who had worked behind enemy lines in Nazi-occupied Hungary, Pell was a firm supporter and proponent of [[Extrasensory Perception|extrasensory perception]] and the [[Remote Viewing]] program[^1].
 
 Pell actively lobbied for the program's survival, reaching out personally to [[Dale Graff]] to offer his support. His interest stemmed from a belief in the potential operational value of psychic abilities for military intelligence[^1].
 
@@ -23,5 +23,11 @@ In 1987, Pell asked [[Uri Geller]] to come to Washington for a classified meetin
 
 Pell also played a role in the 1987 Geneva disarmament talks. He was present at a reception where Geller was instructed to try and influence [[Yuli M. Vorontsov]], Russia's first deputy foreign minister and lead Soviet arms negotiator, to sign the [[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty|INF treaty]]. Seven days later, [[Ronald Reagan]] announced that the Soviet Union had offered to move ahead with an agreement to cut longer-range INF missiles[^1].
 
+### The Briefing of September 29, 1982
+
+From five to six that afternoon, in his office at the Capitol, Pell received "a GRILL FLAME information briefing" arranged by [[Jack Vorona]] of the [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]] and given with Major Gerald Fox of the Army staff and representatives of [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]], whose project manager, Lieutenant Colonel [[Robert Jachim]], wrote the record, with two of his aides present; "although Senator Pell had invited 8 members of the [[Senate Select Committee on Intelligence]] to attend the briefing none were present." The Army's part covered the history of its involvement, "how remote viewing is used for intelligence collection," and four projects whose names are redacted. "The briefing was well received. Senator Pell had had previous briefings concerning parapsychology from Dr. Vorona. He was also acquainted with the work of Dr. [[Robert Jahn]], Dean, College of Engineering, [[Princeton University]]. Senator Pell stated that while he could not assist in FY83, he offered to try to help in the future." Two days later the Army's operations lost their funding in the National Foreign Intelligence Program. In November 1983 INSCOM's chief of staff "asked for a status report on the Senator Pell project," and the [[Center Lane]] manager answered "that we were developing an operational plan to support the project, but as yet we had not collected any information."[^2]
+
 ### Footnotes
+
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^2]: Jachim, Robert J., memorandum "Information Briefing for Senator Clairborne Pell," October 6, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100320001-5; Buzby, Brian, information paper "GRILL FLAME Briefing Presented to Senator Pell," February 6, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100320004-2. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Jachim, Robert J., memorandum "Briefing for MG A.N. Stubblebine III," October 8, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220022-7; Buzby, Brian, memoranda "CENTER LANE Briefing for CG, USAINSCOM," August 29, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220011-9), "Meeting With MG Stubblebine on 30 November 1983," December 6, 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220010-0), and "Meeting with MG Stubblebine on 6 January 1984," January 17, 1984 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220009-2); letter of the ACSI to Stubblebine, "CENTER LANE," April 1983 (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220002-9). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Eugene Propper.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] began sending him classified files, most
 
 Newspaper clippings filed by the defense in 1978 reported that Propper, Assistant Attorney General [[Stanley Pottinger]], and the director of central intelligence, George Bush, had "met to determine to what extent that agency could help in the investigation," and that "a carefully worded agreement placing the Letelier case in a 'national security' status allowed that cooperation." During the trial Townley telephoned Chile from Propper's office, with his consent for calls about the extradition proceedings, and once, on January 30, 1979, without it, a call that was taped at the other end and given to the defense.[^3]
 
-The letter rogatory that carried the investigation to Chile, signed by Chief Judge William B. Bryant and certified by [[Cyrus Vance]] and [[Griffin Bell]], asked the Supreme Court of Chile to have "[[René Riveros|Juan Williams Rose]]" and "[[Rolando Mosqueira|Alejandro Romeral Jara]]" answer 55 written questions under oath, with Propper present; the foreign ministry's legal adviser, Gustavo Chamorro, advised on March 3, 1978, that the secrecy of the Chilean sumario did not allow his attendance. It stated that "at least one of these men met with one of the persons believed to be responsible" for the murders. The Chilean prosecutor in turn asked for a statement from Vernon Walters; Propper had already noted on June 9 that Walters had retired on July 2, 1976, and "was no longer there at the time either mission to the United States by DINA personnel took place"; he and Barcella sent the FBI's interview of June 14 on June 22.[^4]
+The letter rogatory that carried the investigation to Chile, signed by Chief Judge William B. Bryant and certified by [[Cyrus Vance]] and [[Griffin Bell]], asked the [[Supreme Court of Chile]] to have "[[René Riveros|Juan Williams Rose]]" and "[[Rolando Mosqueira|Alejandro Romeral Jara]]" answer 55 written questions under oath, with Propper present; the foreign ministry's legal adviser, Gustavo Chamorro, advised on March 3, 1978, that the secrecy of the Chilean sumario did not allow his attendance. It stated that "at least one of these men met with one of the persons believed to be responsible" for the murders. The Chilean prosecutor in turn asked for a statement from Vernon Walters; Propper had already noted on June 9 that Walters had retired on July 2, 1976, and "was no longer there at the time either mission to the United States by [[DINA]] personnel took place"; he and Barcella sent the FBI's interview of June 14 on June 22.[^4]
 
 ### Afterward
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Guillermo Novo.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ On September 10, 1976, at Union City, Townley "outlined my DINA mission to assas
 
 Asked by the prosecutor [[Eugene Propper]] and the agent [[Carter Cornick]] where he had been the night before the bombing, Novo said: "That is my trump card. That is the ace up my sleeve." The informant [[Ricardo Morales Navarrete|Ricardo Morales]], then an officer of the Venezuelan [[DISIP]], had planted a story that Bosch was telling associates the "Novo brothers" had killed Letelier. "Bosch is a liar and a traitor to freedom," Novo said.[^1]
 
-An undated memorandum to Contreras from Washington, written after the second Carter-Ford debate of October 1976 and enclosing photocopies of Letelier's diary then in the hands of the *Washington Star* reporter [[Jeremiah O'Leary]], reported: "Some friends from over there tell me again that the FBI reached the conclusion that the perpetrators of the attack on Letelier were 4 members of Brigade 2506, whose names are as follows: Roberto Carvallo, Carlos Pascual, Vicente Vásquez, and Guillermo Novo. They would have been deceived and paid by a Castro agent."[^4]
+An undated memorandum to Contreras from Washington, written after the second Carter-Ford debate of October 1976 and enclosing photocopies of Letelier's diary then in the hands of the *[[Washington Star]]* reporter [[Jeremiah O'Leary]], reported: "Some friends from over there tell me again that the FBI reached the conclusion that the perpetrators of the attack on Letelier were 4 members of [[Brigade 2506]], whose names are as follows: Roberto Carvallo, Carlos Pascual, Vicente Vásquez, and Guillermo Novo. They would have been deceived and paid by a Castro agent."[^4]
 
 ### Trials
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Harry Soyster.md

@@ -13,4 +13,9 @@ Major General [[Harry Soyster]] was the [[United States Army Intelligence and Se
 
 ---
 
-[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
+INSCOM's chronology records: "11 JUL 84 BG Soyster, CG INSCOM, receives CENTER LANE briefing," and two days later "CG, INSCOM formulates decision to discontinue CENTER LANE as an INSCOM project." The Secretary of the Army approved the discontinuance on August 23, 1984, operations ceased on September 28, and the unit passed under DIA's operational control on March 7, 1985.[^2]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
+[^2]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8; the scan's table columns are reflowed by OCR and some dates are uncertain. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Héctor Orozco.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Héctor Orozco Sepúlveda was appointed ad hoc military prosecutor of causa 192-
 
 His file holds the sworn statements of [[Manuel Contreras]], [[Armando Fernandez Larios|Armando Fernández Larios]], [[René Riveros]], and [[Rolando Mosqueira]] (March 22), [[Michael Townley]] (March 29), [[Mariana Callejas]] (April 4), [[Pedro Espinoza]] (April 24), and [[DINA]]'s passport clerk (April 12); Mosqueira had already testified before the civilian judge on March 20. On March 23 he widened the investigation with requests to Enrique Montero, General Odlanier Mena of the CNI, General Washington Carrasco, General Nilo Floody, and the military mission in Washington. On April 10 he ordered Espinoza, [[Raúl Iturriaga Neumann]], Townley, and others re-examined on the code names Quetropillán and Avispa, a confrontation between Townley and Espinoza "as to who assigned Townley each of the operations he carried out abroad," and a handwriting sample from Callejas against a document in the file. Before May 1 he asked the American authorities for a sworn statement from General [[Vernon Walters]], or failing that his answers to whether "in exercising his duties as former Deputy Director of the CIA, he asked General Contreras to send him some contacts to receive the names of certain lobbyists." The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] interviewed Walters on June 14, 1978, and the Chilean embassy reported by secret telex that this had been done "acceding to Fiscal Orozco's request." His oficio of June 23 explained that routine requests went through the CNI to the FBI, while letters rogatory were reserved for the sworn interrogatories. On March 14, 1979, the military judge Enrique Morel replaced him with General Santiago Sinclair, a month after Contreras and Espinoza, through [[Sergio Miranda Carrington]], had asked the Supreme Court for access to the file in the extradition proceedings.[^2]
 
-His oficio of June 23, 1978, listed his requests to the FBI through the CNI: on April 27 for everything "relating to the planning of the death of Orlando Letelier, the trip of Captains Riveros and Mosqueira to the United States, their possible contacts with General Vernon Walters, and the contacts of Michael Townley with various American, Croatian, or Cuban organizations and individuals"; on May 4 for the interrogation of Fernández Larios's sister, her husband, and the FBI agents who had questioned her; and on May 8 for "everything relating to various Cuban citizens allegedly implicated in the Letelier case," whom his order of that day named as [[Jose Dionisio Suarez|Dionisio Suárez]], [[Rolando Otero]], [[Orlando Bosch]], [[Guillermo Novo]], [[Felipe Rivero]], [[Frank Castro]], "El Gorilita," and "Mono Navarrete." He also obtained sworn written answers from the diplomats in Washington, General [[Nilo Floody]] and Admiral [[Ronald McIntyre]].[^3]
+His oficio of June 23, 1978, listed his requests to the FBI through the CNI: on April 27 for everything "relating to the planning of the death of [[Orlando Letelier]], the trip of Captains Riveros and Mosqueira to the United States, their possible contacts with General Vernon Walters, and the contacts of Michael Townley with various American, Croatian, or Cuban organizations and individuals"; on May 4 for the interrogation of Fernández Larios's sister, her husband, and the FBI agents who had questioned her; and on May 8 for "everything relating to various Cuban citizens allegedly implicated in the Letelier case," whom his order of that day named as [[Jose Dionisio Suarez|Dionisio Suárez]], [[Rolando Otero]], [[Orlando Bosch]], [[Guillermo Novo]], [[Felipe Rivero]], [[Frank Castro]], "El Gorilita," and "Mono Navarrete." He also obtained sworn written answers from the diplomats in Washington, General [[Nilo Floody]] and Admiral [[Ronald McIntyre]].[^3]
 
 ### Footnotes
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ingo Swann.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 created: 2026-05-17
-updated: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-09-21
 title: Ingo Swann
 aliases:
   - Ingo Swann
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ tags:
   - 1970s
   - 1980s
 category: "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
-summary: "Ingo Swann was an American artist and psychic subject who coined the term 'remote viewing,' initiated the CIA-funded Stanford Research Institute program in 1972 through his contact with Hal Puthoff, and developed the Coordinate Remote Viewing protocol that became the operational standard for the U.S. government's STAR GATE program."
+summary: "New York artist and Scientologist who brought remote viewing to SRI in 1972, gave the first coordinate readings of the West Virginia site in May 1973, and later trained Army viewers in his coordinate method."
 born: 1933-09-14
 died: 2013-01-31
 location: "Telluride, Colorado"
@@ -46,9 +46,15 @@ Swann's most significant contribution to the program was the coordinate targetin
 
 After Price's death in 1975, Swann returned to SRI and worked with Puthoff to formalize CRV into a six-stage structured protocol. The protocol trained viewers to progress through stages from initial ideogram responses (reflexive markings produced in response to presented coordinates) through increasingly specific descriptive and analytical phases. The design was intended to minimize contamination from imagination and prior knowledge by structuring viewer responses before analytical interpretation was introduced. Swann believed remote viewing was a natural perceptual ability that could be developed through disciplined training.
 
+### The SCANATE Sessions
+
+SRI's SCANATE report records that "as a result of the experimentation carried out on what might be termed micro-abilities, Swann expressed the opinion that the insights obtained had strengthened a macro-ability which had been researched prior to his joining the SRI program; namely, the ability to view remote locations." In a training series "100 targets on the earth's surface, ten per day for ten days, were chosen at random," Swann "being given a target location by latitude and longitude only," each run of ten finished "in less than thirty minutes"; the report itself cautioned that "an individual could, in principle, obtain good results on the basis of memory" or "subliminally from an experimenter who knows the target location." On May 29, 1973, at 4:34 in the afternoon, Hal Puthoff gave him coordinates supplied by the sponsor, 38°23'N, 79°25'W, "described simply as being in West Virginia," with no maps, on videotape: "This seems to be some sort of mounds or rolling hills. There is a city to the north (I can see the taller buildings and some smog). This seems to be a strange place, somewhat like the lawns that one would find around a military base, but I get the impression that there are either some old bunkers around, or maybe this is a covered reservoir. There must be a flagpole, some highways to the west, possibly a river over to the far east, to the south more city." The next morning: "Cliffs to the east, fence to the north. There's a circular building (a tower?), buildings to the south. Is this a former Nike base or something like that? I seem to get the impression of something underground, but I'm not sure." On July 21, 1973, given 49°20'S, 70°14'E, he said: "My initial response is that it's an island, maybe a mountain sticking up through a cloud cover," with buildings "rather mathematically laid out," one orange, "something like a radar antenna, a round disc," two white cylindrical tanks, and "to the northwest a small airstrip," and the next day mapped its coastline. Later, surprised in a New York hotel room with an abacus locked in the adjoining room, bought as "a target analogous to a cipher machine of particular interest," he drew its outline "in approximately one minute" and called it "a game box with little balls." The 1975 final report's West Virginia sessions are coded to subject S3.[^1]
+
+At Maimonides Medical Center, in an experiment reported to the American Physical Society in February 1976, [[Edwin May]] and Charles Honorton had him attempt to influence a noise-driven binary random generator: 29 runs gave a mean of 493 against 500 expected (p = 0.011), improving as he was moved twelve feet away behind "two double steel walls," while a control run after he left gave 499.7. "We conclude that Mr. Swann was successful in exerting a psychokinetic influence on the instrument." The SRI final report's instrumented magnetometer series of 1974 and 1975, thirteen ten-trial runs on a Develco gradiometer at four metres giving p = 0.004, was run with subject S1, the code that matches Pat Price's sessions, not S3; the "early research (1972)" perturbation "of a Josephson effect magnetometer" is described there as a pilot study of "a few hours" that "prevented a proper investigation." He visited the Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity on October 17, 1978, and was still reporting to Puthoff as a consultant in April 1984.[^2]
+
 ### Training the Army Program
 
-From 1984, Swann traveled to [[Fort Meade]] to train the Army's operational remote viewing unit - the military successor to the SRI research, operating under the code names Center Lane and Sun Streak - in the CRV protocol. He trained the initial Army cadre in the six-stage method, including viewers who became the operational core of the program in its final decade before declassification.
+From 1984, Swann traveled to [[Fort Meade]] to train the Army's operational remote viewing unit - the military successor to the SRI research, operating under the code names [[Center Lane]] and [[Sun Streak]] - in the CRV protocol. He trained the initial Army cadre in the six-stage method, including viewers who became the operational core of the program in its final decade before declassification.
 
 ### Writing and Later Career
 
@@ -58,5 +64,5 @@ Swann maintained an active painting career throughout his life, exhibiting abstr
 
 ### Footnotes
 
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017, pp. 28-60, 83-97. Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, pp. 34-84.
-[^2]: Swann, Ingo. *Natural ESP: A Layman's Guide to Unlocking the Extra Sensory Power of Your Mind.* Bantam Books, 1987. Swann, Ingo. *Penetration: The Question of Extraterrestrial and Human Telepathy.* Ingo Swann Books, 1998. CIA CREST database documents on SCANATE program (CIA-RDP96-00789R002200100001-6 and related documents), released under FOIA.
+[^1]: Stanford Research Institute, "Project SCANATE, Exploratory Research in Remote Viewing," 1973, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100480002-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* final report, part two, research report, December 1, 1975, SRI Project 3183, 153 pp., CIA-RDP96-00791R000100410001-2. The report codes its subjects; S3 and S1 are identified as Swann and Price by matching their responses to the named sessions in the SCANATE report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: May, Edwin C., and Charles Honorton. "A Dynamic PK Experiment with Ingo Swann," Maimonides Medical Center, abstract for the American Physical Society meeting of February 1976, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200130005-3. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* final report, part one, executive summary, SRI Project 3183, covering January 1974 to February 1975, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100420001-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* final report, part two, research report, December 1, 1975, SRI Project 3183, 153 pp., CIA-RDP96-00791R000100410001-2. The report codes its subjects; S3 and S1 are identified as Swann and Price by matching their responses to the named sessions in the SCANATE report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Visit of Ingo Swann to AMSAA, 17 October 1978," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200240010-3, and "Memo to Dr. H.E. Puthoff from I. Swann, Consultant, Subject: Work Report," April 15, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00792R000100140033-6, titles only.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Mel Riley.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 created: 2026-05-17
-updated: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-09-21
 title: Mel Riley
 aliases:
   - Mel Riley
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ tags:
   - 1970s
   - 1980s
 category: "Military"
-summary: "Mel Riley was a U.S. Army staff sergeant and aerial photo-interpreter who was one of the original six STARGATE remote viewers recruited in 1977, known for his artistic rendering of psychic impressions and for being part of the three-viewer core that became the Grill Flame program."
+summary: "Army sergeant and imagery analyst, one of the six original Fort Meade viewers selected in February 1979, who returned to the unit under DIA and retired in 1990."
 born: 1946-01-01
 died: 2020-04-25
 location: "Racine, Wisconsin"
 ---
 
-Mel Riley was a U.S. Army staff sergeant and one of the original six remote viewers in the [[STARGATE PROJECT]]. He was recruited into the program, then codenamed [[STARGATE PROJECT|Gondola Wish]], in 1977 by [[Frederick Atwater|Skip Atwater]] and [[Murray Watt|Scotty Watt]].[^1]
+Mel Riley was a U.S. Army staff sergeant and one of the original six remote viewers in the [[STARGATE PROJECT]]. He was recruited into the program, then codenamed Gondola Wish, in 1977 by [[Frederick Atwater|Skip Atwater]] and [[Murray Watt|Scotty Watt]].[^1]
 
 Riley was five feet eight, slim and fit, with wavy blond hair and an Irish, vaguely leprechaunish face. He had tattoos of an eagle, a rabbit, and a large winged dragon across his chest. His eyes were often described as wide and intense, as if he were staring inward. He was a morning person, enjoying the quiet calm of the predawn hours.[^1]
 
@@ -36,8 +36,11 @@ As a remote viewer, Riley was known for his artistic skill in rendering his psyc
 
 During the Iran hostage crisis (1979-1981), Riley and other remote viewers were tasked hundreds of times to provide information on the hostages. Despite the gratification of contributing to a key intelligence effort, Riley found the relentless and monotonous taskings led to mental burnout, as remote viewers needed variety to maintain clarity. He experienced aftereffects of remote viewing, describing them as similar to a "natural high" or the adrenaline rush after a parachute jump, with heightened sensory perception. However, he also noted that intense, daily remote viewing could lead to mental fatigue, emotional fragility, and a "vacant stare."[^1]
 
-Riley, along with [[Joe McMoneagle]] and [[Ken Bell]], became one of the three full-time remote viewers when the unit was officially designated the Special Action Branch and the program was codenamed [[STARGATE PROJECT|Grill Flame]]. He left the unit in 1981 for a posting in Germany, with the understanding that he could return to the program in the future, as the unit was on "relatively firm ground" with an increasing budget and new recruits.[^1]
+Riley, along with [[Joe McMoneagle]] and [[Ken Bell]], became one of the three full-time remote viewers when the unit was officially designated the Special Action Branch and the program was codenamed Grill Flame. He left the unit in 1981 for a posting in Germany, with the understanding that he could return to the program in the future, as the unit was on "relatively firm ground" with an increasing budget and new recruits.[^1]
+
+His Grill Flame security agreement and volunteer security agreement are dated February 8, 1979, the day of Joe McMoneagle's.[^2]
 
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997. Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^2]: Grill Flame volunteer security agreements, consent statements, and counseling statements for Joseph W. McMoneagle (February 8, 1979; October 26, 1979; February 19, 1980), Melvin C. Riley (February 8, 1979), and Robert C. Cowart (June 3 and October 2, 1981), and "Requirement for Access to DIA Sun Streak Project (Brian Buzby)," May 10, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00789R0021001500xx series. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Pat Price.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 created: 2026-05-17
-updated: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-09-21
 title: Pat Price
 aliases:
   - Pat Price
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ tags:
   - PSI
   - 1970s
 category: "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
-summary: "Pat Price was a retired Burbank, California law enforcement official who produced the most operationally significant results of the Stanford Research Institute remote viewing program, including a substantially confirmed viewing of the Soviet Semipalatinsk weapons facility, before dying of a disputed heart attack in Las Vegas in July 1975 while working directly for the CIA."
+summary: "Former Burbank police commissioner and SRI subject S1 whose 1973 West Virginia and Urals readings the CIA called substantially correct, whose Semipalatinsk session Los Alamos judged unsuccessful, and who died in 1975."
 born: 1918-12-08
 died: 1975-07-14
 location: "Burbank, California"
@@ -36,10 +36,18 @@ The second major session was a remote viewing of the NSA signals intelligence fa
 
 Price also demonstrated precognitive results during SRI experiments: he described the Redwood City Marina and its boats five minutes before Puthoff and a colleague arrived at the target location, and he described a water-treatment facility with elevated water tanks at Rinconada Park that had existed at the site decades before his session.
 
+### The Documents
+
+SRI's SCANATE report introduces him without a surname: "As a backup test, the coordinates were given to a second subject who appears to possess similar ability in casual testing, although with perhaps a lower signal-to-noise ratio. Since the second subject, a businessman, wishes to remain anonymous for the time being, he shall be referred to simply as Pat." Given the West Virginia coordinates by telephone on June 1, 1973, he wrote his answer at Lake Tahoe the next day: a mountain of about 4,996 feet, "a battleground in civil war," a monument to "the battle of Lynchburg," and "large underground storage areas" that "looks like former missile site, bases for launchers still there, but area now houses record storage area, microfilm, file cabinets. Personnel, Army 5th Corps engineers. M/Sgt. Long on desk placard on grey steel desk. Personnel, Army Signal Corps." A later session gave "papers labeled: Flytrap / Minerva," a cabinet "labeled: Operation Pool," folders "Cueball / 14 Ball / 4 Ball / 8 Ball / Rackup," a site name "vaguely seems like Hayfork or Haystack," and three officers' names. He then "volunteered that he scanned the other side of the globe for a Bloc equivalent, and found one in the Urals," at 65°00'57"N, 59°59'59"E: "Elevation, 6200 ft. Scrubby brush, tundra-type ground hummocks," an underground site with "doorways of steel of the roll-up type," "unusually high ratio of women to men, at least at night," helipads, light rail into the mountain, and thirty miles north "a radar installation with one large (165 ft) dish and two small fast-track dishes." The 1975 final report, which codes him S1, states that "the two reports for the West Virginia Site, and the report for the Urals Site were verified by personnel in the sponsor organization as being substantially correct," the coordinates having come from "the OSI group responsible for threat analysis." He was the subject of its magnetometer series, thirteen ten-trial runs at four metres giving p = 0.004, and of its Costa Rica series, in which twelve daily descriptions by him, a second subject, and once an SRI experimenter gave five matches to Puthoff's travels (p = 0.02).[^1]
+
+The Semipalatinsk experiment ran in three phases "under direct control of the COTR": Phase I with coordinates and the words "R&D test facility" only, Phase II after "the subject being made 'witting' (of the client) by client representatives who introduced themselves to the subject," and Phase III "the generation of unverifiable data concerning the Semipalatinsk site not available to the client, but of operational interest nonetheless," over two weeks. The Los Alamos analyst who reviewed the tapes of July 9 to 15, 1974, found that on the first day he "successfully evaded drawing a perimeter of the area even though he was asked to do this twice" and produced a 500-foot antenna, a swimming pool "for underwater testing," an array of telephone poles, and an airstrip that did not exist; that on the second "Price supplied the most positive evidence yet for the remote-viewing experiment with his sketch of the rail-mounted gantry crane. It seems inconceivable to imagine how he could have drawn such a likeness to the actual crane at URDF-3 unless: 1) he actually saw it through remote viewing, or 2) he was informed of what to draw by someone knowledgeable of URDF-3," adding, "I only mention this second possibility because the experiment was not controlled to discount the possibility that Price could talk to other people, such as the Disinformation Section of the KGB"; that on the third, shown the surface features of the underground Building 1, he said "No, that's a concrete apron, and there's nothing subterranean right in that particular area," which "was his most negative evidence yet"; and on the fourth admitted "he had been trying to force-fit a space-oriented situation to the target location." The conclusion: "I consider Price's remote-viewing experiment of URDF-3 to be unsuccessful. I recommend that the tapes be considered for use with the psychological stress evaluator." An outside reviewer of the SRI progress reports in 1974, under the heading "Remote Viewing by Mr. Price," wrote that "one cannot determine whether he was aware of the nine sites or had visited them prior to the experiment," and closed: "one still has the feeling that the prevailing philosophy is to 'prove' the existence of an information channel." When OTS briefed the House intelligence committee in November 1977 it left with the staff "a brief article on Mr. Pat Price."[^2]
+
 ### CIA Direct Work (1974-1975)
 
 In the autumn of 1974, Price left SRI and began working directly for the CIA outside the SRI institutional framework, including a period attempting to identify coal deposits in Huntington, West Virginia, using psychic methods for a commercial client. He also undertook CIA-tasked remote viewing sessions to attempt to confirm locations of foreign intelligence facilities. He passed initial CIA verification tests, accurately describing embassy layouts and interior details that were confirmed against classified records.
 
+The *Nature* paper of October 1974 reported his nine double-blind trials against Bay Area sites, six matched by a plurality of five judges, and gave him, with Hella Hammid, as one of "two of our subjects (H.H. and P.P.)" who "had not considered themselves to have unusual perceptual ability before their participation." Targ's memoir of 1996 quotes his words on July 10, 1974: "I am lying on my back on the roof of a two or three story brick building. It's a sunny day. The sun feels good. There's the most amazing thing. There's a giant gantry crane moving back and forth over my head," and his description of "a giant, 'sixty-foot diameter metal sphere'" assembled from "thick metal gores," which Targ set beside an *Aviation Week* report of May 2, 1977, of Soviet steel gores for "a large sphere estimated to be about 18 meters (57.8 feet) in diameter." In August 1977 [[Stansfield Turner]] told reporters that the agency "had found a man who could 'see' what was going on anywhere in the world," dropped in 1975: "He died, and we haven't heard from him since."[^3]
+
 ### Death and Disputed Circumstances
 
 Price died in Las Vegas, Nevada, on July 14, 1975, at age 56. The official cause of death was a heart attack. He had no known prior history of cardiac disease. Puthoff was contacted and traveled to Las Vegas to manage the program's interests in the aftermath. He found that Price's personal suitcase, which Price habitually carried and which contained his remote viewing notes and CIA-associated materials, had disappeared before Puthoff's arrival.
@@ -54,5 +62,6 @@ Within the government's remote viewing program, Price's Semipalatinsk session wa
 
 ### Footnotes
 
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017, pp. 41-78 (comprehensive account of Price's SRI work and death). Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997, pp. 85-150.
-[^2]: Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research." *Proceedings of the IEEE* 64, no. 3 (March 1976): 329-354 (presents SRI experimental results including Price sessions). CIA CREST database documents on SCANATE program, released under FOIA.
+[^1]: Stanford Research Institute, "Project SCANATE, Exploratory Research in Remote Viewing," 1973, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100480002-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* final report, part two, research report, December 1, 1975, SRI Project 3183, 153 pp., CIA-RDP96-00791R000100410001-2. The report codes its subjects; S3 and S1 are identified as Swann and Price by matching their responses to the named sessions in the SCANATE report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* final report, part one, executive summary, SRI Project 3183, covering January 1974 to February 1975, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100420001-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* final report, part two, research report, December 1, 1975, SRI Project 3183, 153 pp., CIA-RDP96-00791R000100410001-2. The report codes its subjects; S3 and S1 are identified as Swann and Price by matching their responses to the named sessions in the SCANATE report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "An Analysis of a Remote Viewing Experiment of URDF-3," report of the four sessions of July 9 to 15, 1974, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200240001-0, cited by Kress as the work of Dr. Stillman of Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, December 4, 1975. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Review of Perceptual Augmentation Techniques," unsigned review of SRI progress reports 1 to 3, c. August 1974, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200230001-6. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Brandwein, David S., Director, Office of Technical Service, memoranda "Stanford Research Institute Parapsychology Research," February 20, 1976 (CIA-RDP96-00787R000200020001-9), and "OTS Support to Research in Parapsychology," October 7, 1976 (CIA-RDP96-00787R000200020016-3); memorandum for the record, "Briefing for House Permanent Select Committee re OTS Involvement in ESP Research," OTS memo 287-77, November 17, 1977 (CIA-RDP96-00787R000200020020-8); memorandum for the record, "Discussions with OTS on the SRI Project," June 22, 1974 (CIA-RDP96-00787R000700110016-8). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: Targ, Russell, and Harold Puthoff. "Information Transmission under Conditions of Sensory Shielding," *Nature,* vol. 251, October 18, 1974, pp. 602-607, read in the CIA Reading Room copy CIA-RDP96-00787R000100220001-8 on archive.org. Targ, Russell. "Remote Viewing at Stanford Research Institute in the 1970s: A Memoir," *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 77-88, reprinted from Targ and Katra, *Mind-to-Mind* (1996); read in a Wayback Machine copy of the journal's PDF.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ricky Ross.md

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Two weeks after his arrest, a federal grand jury indicted Ross, "Chico" Brown, C
 
 ### Investigation Meetings with Webb
 
-In late September 1995, Webb visited Ross at the Metropolitan Correctional Center in downtown [[San Diego]], where Ross was being held without bail pending trial. Ross appeared confident at first but dropped the pretense by the end. "I can't believe he done me like this," Ross said of Blandón's betrayal. When Webb explained that Blandón had been arrested with no drugs and faced only taped conversations with informants, Ross was incredulous: "They didn't find no dope on him? Then what would he roll over for? Think about it. You ain't gonna pull a life sentence just for talking to somebody about selling dope." Ross concluded that someone was not telling Webb the whole story.[^11]
+In late September 1995, Webb visited Ross at the [[Metropolitan Correctional Center]] in downtown [[San Diego]], where Ross was being held without bail pending trial. Ross appeared confident at first but dropped the pretense by the end. "I can't believe he done me like this," Ross said of Blandón's betrayal. When Webb explained that Blandón had been arrested with no drugs and faced only taped conversations with informants, Ross was incredulous: "They didn't find no dope on him? Then what would he roll over for? Think about it. You ain't gonna pull a life sentence just for talking to somebody about selling dope." Ross concluded that someone was not telling Webb the whole story.[^11]
 
 ### The Trial
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/Rolando Otero.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Otero fled to [[Chile]]. In 1976 the FBI's legal attaché in [[Buenos Aires]], [
 
 The letter rogatory sent by the federal court in Washington to Chile in February 1978 put to the bearer of the name Juan Williams Rose, which Michael Townley had carried on a Paraguayan passport in July 1976 and Captain [[René Riveros]] of DINA on a Chilean one in August: "In February 1976, you met with Rolando Otero Hernández, who at that time was a fugitive from United States law. Present at that meeting was a man who introduced himself as Major Torres of DINA," and another "under the name Marcelo Estobel," and asked their true names. Townley testified that at the meetings in Union City in September 1976 the talk included "spreading rumors to justify and explain Otero's arrest in Chile and his subsequent handover to the FBI. The idea was to blame Otero himself for his 'blunder.'"[^5]
 
-Admiral [[Ronald McIntyre]] of the Chilean naval mission testified that when the leadership of [[Brigade 2506]] came to his office in early September 1976 "the only discordant note" was the feeling of its president, Roberto Carballo, "over the detention in Chile and handover to US authorities of the Cuban Otero," and that the New Jersey group had refused to attend the visit of the training ship Esmeralda in July "precisely because of the handover of Otero," in a letter signed by Novo.[^6]
+Admiral [[Ronald McIntyre]] of the Chilean naval mission testified that when the leadership of [[Brigade 2506]] came to his office in early September 1976 "the only discordant note" was the feeling of its president, Roberto Carballo, "over the detention in Chile and handover to US authorities of the Cuban Otero," and that the [[New Jersey]] group had refused to attend the visit of the training ship Esmeralda in July "precisely because of the handover of Otero," in a letter signed by Novo.[^6]
 
 ### Footnotes
 

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/William Odom.md

@@ -16,4 +16,9 @@ Despite being shown compelling evidence of remote viewing accuracy, such as [[Jo
 
 ---
 
-[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
+As the Army's assistant chief of staff for intelligence Odom was briefed on Grill Flame in October 1981, received an update on [[Center Lane]] on February 23, 1984, and on October 4, 1984, as a lieutenant general, approved the memorandum of agreement transferring the project to the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]]; on February 6, 1985, he accompanied its personnel to brief the under secretary of the Army.[^2]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
+[^2]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8; the scan's table columns are reflowed by OCR and some dates are uncertain. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(N-S)/William Sargant.md

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ A parallel program was operated by Harry Bailey at Chelmsford Private Hospital i
 
 The most carefully sourced investigation of Sargant's intelligence relationships is *Brainwash: The Secret History of Mind Control* (Hodder and Stoughton, 2006), Chapter 7. The book's primary source was an unnamed senior psychiatrist described as a former close colleague of Sargant, interviewed September 3, 2004. This source confirmed that Sargant acted as an informal consultant to [[MI5]], "loved doing things for the government," and discussed the advisory role openly in informal terms, but stated he was "never an official psychiatrist to either MI5 or MI6" and never signed the Official Secrets Act. The nature of the consultancy was general advisory, involving discussion of Soviet and Chinese psychiatric methods, rather than operational or classified briefings.[^1]
 
-*Journey into Madness* (Bantam, 1988) and *Secrets and Lies* (Mainstream Publishing, 1999) make substantially more specific claims based on personal acquaintance with Sargant and with CIA officer William Buckley. These accounts describe Sargant as the institutional link between British intelligence and [[MKULTRA]], and as having been "sent by the British government in the early Fifties to evaluate MK-ULTRA," reporting back that Cameron and Gottlieb's work was "as bad as anything going on in the Soviet gulags." These accounts also claim Sargant and [[Louis Jolyon West]] co-authored CIA interrogation manuals titled "Coercive Questioning" and "Human Resource Exploitation." No copies of documents attributing these manuals to Sargant have been produced; the "Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual" is a documented declassified CIA document but its authorship attribution to Sargant remains sourced to these accounts alone.[^1]
+*Journey into Madness* (Bantam, 1988) and *Secrets and Lies* (Mainstream Publishing, 1999) make substantially more specific claims based on personal acquaintance with Sargant and with CIA officer [[William Buckley]]. These accounts describe Sargant as the institutional link between British intelligence and [[MKULTRA]], and as having been "sent by the British government in the early Fifties to evaluate MK-ULTRA," reporting back that Cameron and Gottlieb's work was "as bad as anything going on in the Soviet gulags." These accounts also claim Sargant and [[Louis Jolyon West]] co-authored CIA interrogation manuals titled "Coercive Questioning" and "Human Resource Exploitation." No copies of documents attributing these manuals to Sargant have been produced; the "Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual" is a documented declassified CIA document but its authorship attribution to Sargant remains sourced to these accounts alone.[^1]
 
 The most specifically documented intelligence-adjacent incident is Sargant's encounter with CIA officer [[Frank Olson]] at Porton Down in spring 1953. *Poisoner in Chief* (Henry Holt, 2019) reports that Olson was visiting the UK's Microbiological Research Establishment at Wiltshire and expressed distress to Sargant about CIA activities he had witnessed in safe houses in Germany. Sargant then wrote a report characterizing Olson as "deeply disturbed over what he had seen" and displaying "symptoms of not wanting to keep secret what he had witnessed." Olson died in November 1953 under contested circumstances. The chain from Sargant's report to any decision regarding Olson's death is asserted by Thomas but is not independently confirmed by declassified documents.[^1]
 

10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Jack Vorona.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Jack Vorona was the Assistant Director for Scientific and Technical Intelligence
 
 In 1981, Vorona contacted [[Dale Graff]] and brought him to Washington, D.C., to help run a classified program called [[Psychoenergetics]]. The main goals of this project were "to evaluate the threat that foreign psychoenergetics achievements might pose to US national security, and to explore the potential of psychoenergetics for use in US intelligence collection"[^2]. Vorona believed that with the resources of the DIA, genuine progress could be made toward a general theory of [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] and [[Psychokinesis|PK]][^2].
 
-Vorona oversaw the Grill Flame program and later the Sun Streak program, which aimed to train military personnel in [[Remote Viewing]]. He made administrative changes, converting the branch chief and operations officer positions from military to civilian, and reducing training time[^2].
+Vorona oversaw the Grill Flame program and later the [[Sun Streak]] program, which aimed to train military personnel in [[Remote Viewing]]. He made administrative changes, converting the branch chief and operations officer positions from military to civilian, and reducing training time[^2].
 
 He was also involved in high-priority operational tasks, such as the effort to locate [[William Richard Higgins]], a Marine Lieutenant Colonel abducted in [[Lebanon]], and the tracking of [[Muammar Qaddafi]]'s alleged chemical weapons stockpile. In the latter case, Vorona sat with [[Angela Dellafiora]] in the viewing room at [[Fort Meade]], demonstrating the high-level attention given to her abilities[^2].
 
@@ -30,10 +30,13 @@ Jack Vorona retired after twenty-five years of service at DIA and was inducted i
 
 ### The Committee
 
-Vorona chaired the Defense Department's Grill Flame committee from its first meeting at DIA on November 28, 1978, where he "cautioned the Committee to maintain a low profile with minimal fanfare," "urged the development of experimental protocol and methods for validating experiments," and saw it agree "that all documents originating as a result of the GRILL FLAME program would undergo downgrading review only after 20 years." He missed the meeting of July 12, 1979, because he "was briefing Congressman Rose on DoD efforts and interest in parapsychology." In November 1979 the committee asked him to demand sight of the "Gale Committee's" outside report before anyone else saw it, the working group holding it "misleading and inadequate." INSCOM's chronology records that on August 3, 1983, "the Honorable [[George H.W. Bush|George Bush]], Vice President of the United States, was briefed for thirty minutes concerning CENTER LANE related activities by Dr. Vorona, DIA," "Adm. Murphy, C/S," and "Mr. Gregg, Assistant to the Vice President, National Security Affairs," present: "The briefing was well received and the Vice President was interested and impressed."[^3]
+Vorona chaired the Defense Department's Grill Flame committee from its first meeting at DIA on November 28, 1978, where he "cautioned the Committee to maintain a low profile with minimal fanfare," "urged the development of experimental protocol and methods for validating experiments," and saw it agree "that all documents originating as a result of the GRILL FLAME program would undergo downgrading review only after 20 years." He missed the meeting of July 12, 1979, because he "was briefing Congressman Rose on DoD efforts and interest in parapsychology." In November 1979 the committee asked him to demand sight of the "Gale Committee's" outside report before anyone else saw it, the working group holding it "misleading and inadequate." INSCOM's chronology records that in 1983 (the chronology's date reads as March 31 or August 3), "the Honorable [[George H.W. Bush|George Bush]], Vice President of the United States, was briefed for thirty minutes concerning CENTER LANE related activities by Dr. Vorona, DIA," "Adm. Murphy, C/S," and "Mr. Gregg, Assistant to the Vice President, National Security Affairs," present: "The briefing was well received and the Vice President was interested and impressed."[^3]
+
+Vorona arranged the briefing of Senator [[Claiborne Pell]] on September 29, 1982, two days before Congress ended the Army's funding; "Senator Pell had had previous briefings concerning parapsychology from Dr. Vorona." On October 5, 1983, with Hal Puthoff and the [[Center Lane]] officers, he briefed Senator [[Malcolm Wallop]], "the individual who was responsible for the project being eliminated," and asked him "to insert language in the Congressional Conference Report that would permit the program to be included in the FY 85 GDIP submission"; Wallop "replied that he is only one person." On October 7 the committees' staff asked "what is the benefit of placing the program back in the NFIP since DIA has Program 6 (P-6) money," and when he answered "security," told him "that there was no security in the NFIP, and since P-6 money is available, it could be dangerous to reintroduce the subject to the Congressional Committees. Dr. Vorona did not continue the debate and terminated the briefing." As chairman of the working group he had answered the [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]]'s report of December 1979 with a memorandum supporting its finding that "unexplained observations of human capabilities to generate data of potential utility to intelligence have been documented" and objecting that "many of the difficulties in the report, especially those of fact and incompleteness, could have been avoided if the report had been collectively reviewed in draft."[^4]
 
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
 [^2]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
 [^3]: Defense Intelligence Agency, minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee, November 28, 1978 (enclosed in Progress Report #1), July 12, 1979 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130008-9), November 27, 1979 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1), and January 10, 1980 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^4]: Jachim, Robert J., memorandum "Information Briefing for Senator Clairborne Pell," October 6, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100320001-5; Buzby, Brian, information paper "GRILL FLAME Briefing Presented to Senator Pell," February 6, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100320004-2. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Buzby, Brian, memorandum "Briefing to Senator Wallop, 5 October 1983," October 14, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270015-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Buzby, Brian, memorandum on the briefing of Congressional intelligence committee staff of October 7, 1983, October 14, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270017-8; "ITAOPS Fact Sheet, Inputs for MG Stubblebine," April 10, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220021-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5; Vorona, J., "Comments on 'Report By: The GRILLFLAME Scientific Evaluation Committee,'" memorandum of the Grill Flame Working Group, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300060001-2. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Jessica Utts.md

@@ -34,8 +34,11 @@ In June 1995 the CIA contracted the American Institutes for Research to review t
 
 Hyman's report of September 11 agreed that the SAIC experiments "were free of the methodological weaknesses that plagued the early SRI research" and that their effect sizes were "too large and consistent to be dismissed as statistical flukes," but answered no to whether they established anomalous cognition, whether flaws had been eliminated, and whether they matched other laboratories, "ten experiments, especially from one laboratory," being "far too few." Utts's reply cited the psychologist Sybo Schouten's estimate that all parapsychology funding since 1882 "is at best equivalent to the expenditures devoted to fewer than two months of research in conventional psychology in the United States," and the Physicians Health Study of aspirin: "had it been conducted on only 2,200 men with the same reduction in heart attacks, it would not have achieved statistical significance." AIR's own synthesis found that "the two reviewers agreed far more than they disagreed," and that the significant results rested on "the same remote viewers, the same judge, the same target set, and the same scoring procedures." The report of September 29 recommended against continuing the operational program. Both reviews were published in the *Journal of Scientific Exploration* in 1996.[^3]
 
+On *Nightline* on November 28, 1995, she said: "I'm a statistician, and when I look at the data I have to say that there's something there," and "what it proves to me is that we don't quite understand either the nature of the mind or perhaps the nature of time and space." In a letter to Edwin May of December 19, 1995, which he published, she wrote that "I was explicitly asked by AIR staff NOT to mention the NRC report in my review! This is very troubling to me," since the NRC's "vote-counting" method "has been completely discredited," a point "substantiated by Stanford Statistics Professor Lincoln Moses" at the panel's July meeting; that "despite the claims Ray Hyman is making in the media, we were shown very little of the 'operational' remote-viewing work"; that after May sent her a memorandum she "was contacted by the AIR staff and told that I was NOT to contact any of those individuals"; and of Hyman, "I don't know how he can substantiate the claims he's making about remote viewing being useless for intelligence. He may be correct, but he has very little data on which to base that conclusion."[^4]
+
 ### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
 [^2]: Utts, Jessica. "An Assessment of the Evidence for Psychic Functioning," September 1, 1995, reproduced in the AIR report, pp. 3-2 to 3-40, and published in *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 3-30. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB438/docs/doc_57.pdf
 [^3]: Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of Program on Anomalous Mental Phenomena," September 11, 1995, reproduced in the AIR report, pp. 3-41 to 3-75, and published in *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 31-58. Mumford, Michael D., Andrew M. Rose, and David A. Goslin. *An Evaluation of Remote Viewing: Research and Applications.* American Institutes for Research, September 29, 1995, pp. 3-76 to 3-84.
+[^4]: "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room. May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 3-23. The letter of December 19, 1995, is printed at pp. 15-17 as Utts's reply to May's e-mail of December 17, checked against the page images.

10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Malcolm Wallop.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+category: "Political Figure"
+tags:
+  - Person
+  - MalcolmWallop
+  - Senate
+  - SenateSelectCommitteeOnIntelligence
+  - Wyoming
+  - GrillFlame
+  - RemoteViewing
+alias:
+  - Senator Malcolm Wallop
+summary: "Wyoming senator who as chairman of the Senate intelligence committee's budget subcommittee removed the Army's remote-viewing operations from the National Foreign Intelligence Program at the end of fiscal 1982."
+location: "Wyoming"
+created: 2026-09-21
+updated: 2026-09-21
+---
+
+Malcolm Wallop, senator from [[Wyoming]], chaired the budget subcommittee of the [[Senate Select Committee on Intelligence]] in the early 1980s. An INSCOM memorandum of October 1983 called him "an important player in DoD's involvement in psychoenergetics. He is the individual who was responsible for the project being eliminated under the NFIP (GDIP) at the end of FY 82," the cut of October 1, 1982, that ended the Army's part of [[STARGATE PROJECT|Grill Flame]] and drove [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|INSCOM]] to continue it as [[Center Lane]] on security funds.[^1]
+
+### The Briefing of October 5, 1983
+
+From 2:45 to 3:39 that afternoon, in room SR206 of the Russell building, [[Jack Vorona]] of the DIA, [[Hal Puthoff]] of SRI, Lieutenant Colonel [[Brian Buzby]], and Captain [[Frederick Atwater]] briefed him. "At the conclusion of the briefing, Dr. Vorona reiterated that the purpose of the briefing was to illustrate that psychoenergetics; remote viewing did in fact have intelligence application, and that it should be placed back in the National Foreign Intelligence Program (NFIP) to give the program the protection it needed. He requested that the Senator insert language in the Congressional Conference Report that would permit the program to be included in the FY 85 GDIP submission. The Senator replied that he is only one person, and that perhaps the briefing should be presented to the entire SSCI Budget Subcommittee," and that "internal political infighting" might mean a continuing resolution instead of an appropriations bill. "The intelligence applications of remote viewing as illustrated in the briefing book definitely impressed him." Two days later the staff of the two intelligence committees told Vorona "that there was no security in the NFIP, and since P-6 money is available, it could be dangerous to reintroduce the subject to the Congressional Committees."[^1][^2]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Buzby, Brian, memorandum "Briefing to Senator Wallop, 5 October 1983," October 14, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270015-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: Buzby, Brian, memorandum on the briefing of Congressional intelligence committee staff of October 7, 1983, October 14, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270017-8; "ITAOPS Fact Sheet, Inputs for MG Stubblebine," April 10, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220021-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.

10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Russell Targ.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 created: 2026-05-17
-updated: 2026-05-17
+updated: 2026-09-21
 title: Russell Targ
 aliases:
   - Russell Targ
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ tags:
   - 1970s
   - 1980s
 category: "Intelligence & Government"
-summary: "Russell Targ is a laser physicist who co-founded the Stanford Research Institute remote viewing program with Hal Puthoff in 1972 under CIA contract, co-authored the program's landmark 1974 Nature paper and 1976 IEEE paper, and continued parapsychology research and writing after leaving SRI."
+summary: "Laser physicist who founded the SRI remote-viewing program with Puthoff in 1972, published it in Nature in 1974, ran the Price and Geller sessions, and in 1995 forced the CIA to release its files."
 born: 1934-04-11
 location: "Chicago, Illinois"
 ---
@@ -23,9 +23,20 @@ Russell Targ is a physicist who, in the early 1970s, joined [[Hal Puthoff]] at [
 
 Targ was responsible for many of the early experiments at SRI, including the development of an ESP "teaching" machine, a primitive computer designed to give subjects feedback on their psychic guesses. He often clashed with [[Ingo Swann]] over the use of this machine, as Swann found it to be a "depressing remnant of old-time parapsychology." He also conducted experiments with other psychics, including [[Pat Price]] and [[Uri Geller]], and explored various psi phenomena such as psychokinesis and telepathy. He was instrumental in developing and refining remote viewing protocols, including "outbound remote viewing" and "coordinate remote viewing" (CRV).[^1]
 
-As a monitor in remote viewing sessions, Targ would prompt psychics with questions and record their impressions. He was involved in the testing of [[Uri Geller]], and while often suspecting sleight of hand due to Geller's hyperkinetic style, he was also impressed by Geller's genuine abilities. He and Puthoff would sometimes search the laboratory rafters and acoustic tiles for hidden audio or video bugs after Geller's sessions, though they never found anything.[^1]
+As a monitor in remote viewing sessions, Targ would prompt psychics with questions and record their impressions. He was involved in the testing of Uri Geller, and while often suspecting sleight of hand due to Geller's hyperkinetic style, he was also impressed by Geller's genuine abilities. He and Puthoff would sometimes search the laboratory rafters and acoustic tiles for hidden audio or video bugs after Geller's sessions, though they never found anything.[^1]
 
 Despite the personality conflicts and the controversial nature of the research, Targ was a key figure in the remote viewing program. He was the co-author, with Hal Puthoff, of a number of influential papers on remote viewing, including a 1974 article in *Nature* and a 1976 article in the *Proceedings of the IEEE*. He eventually became convinced of the reality of remote viewing, even conducting his own informal experiments. He was present during many of Price's most impressive remote viewing feats, including the glider experiment where Price accurately perceived the numbers Kennett was carrying and the "ankh" around his neck, and the precognitive viewing of the Redwood City Marina and the Rinconada Park water tanks.[^1]
 
+### The Nature Paper
+
+The paper he and Puthoff published in *Nature* on October 18, 1974, "Information Transmission under Conditions of Sensory Shielding," reported thirteen drawing experiments with Uri Geller in "a double-walled steel room" and later "a double-walled, copper-screen Faraday cage," in which two judges "each matched the target data to the response data with no error"; a hundred-picture series on which Geller "passed" every day, with results that "do not depart significantly from what would be expected by chance"; a die in a steel box called correctly eight times of eight; nine double-blind remote-viewing trials with Pat Price against Bay Area sites chosen by the division director with a random-number calculator, of which five judges matched six of nine; and an EEG series in which one subject of six, "H.H.," showed "a consistent alpha blocking effect" when a distant light flashed. It concluded that "a channel exists whereby information about a remote location can be obtained by means of an as yet unidentified perceptual modality," that "the information channel appears to be imperfect, containing noise along with the signal," and that the ability "may be widely distributed in the general population." The acknowledged sponsor was "The Foundation for Parasensory Investigation, New York City," with thanks to Judith Skutch and [[Edgar Mitchell]] of the [[Institute of Noetic Sciences]]. In 1978 [[David Marks]] and Richard Kammann reported in *Nature* that they had failed to replicate the work and argued that the Price transcripts held cues such as "second place of the day" that let judges match them; Targ, Puthoff, and [[Charles Tart]] answered in January 1979 with re-edited transcripts and a new judge who matched seven of nine.[^2]
+
+### The 1996 Memoir
+
+Targ requested his CIA files in May 1994, "moved from number 540 in line to number 474" in a year, and with "two Washington lawyers, two congressmen, and a senator" obtained them on August 11, 1995. His memoir of 1996 recounts Price telephoning Puthoff in June 1973 to say he had been "doing that kind of psychic thing for years, catching crooks when he was the police commissioner in Burbank"; the protocol of sixty target cards and a calculator with a random-number key, run by the laboratory director Bonnar Cox, with Targ and the viewer in a Faraday cage on the second floor of the Radio Physics building; Price's drawing of the Rinconada Park pools, "about a hundred feet in diameter (it was actually hundred and ten feet)," with water tanks that the city's centennial report showed had stood there in 1913; and the session of July 10, 1974, in which Price, given coordinates by "a physicist from the CIA," said: "I am lying on my back on the roof of a two or three story brick building. It's a sunny day. The sun feels good. There's the most amazing thing. There's a giant gantry crane moving back and forth over my head. As I drift up in the air and look down, it seems to be riding on a track with one rail on each side of the building." Targ added that Price described "a giant, 'sixty-foot diameter metal sphere'" being assembled from "thick metal gores" with welding difficulties, and that *Aviation Week* of May 2, 1977, reported satellite photographs of Soviet technicians manufacturing "huge extremely thick steel gores" for "a large sphere estimated to be about 18 meters (57.8 feet) in diameter." He quoted the *Chicago Tribune* of August 13, 1977, on Director [[Stansfield Turner]]'s disclosure that the agency "had found a man who could 'see' what was going on anywhere in the world through his psychic powers," dropped in 1975: "'He died,' Turner said, 'and we haven't heard from him since.'" Of the agency's position in 1995 he wrote: "It is as though the CIA discovered that there were indeed little men on Mars, but concluded that since they were pretty small and didn't have weapons, they weren't worth investigating any further."[^3]
+
+### Footnotes
 
 [^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
+[^2]: Targ, Russell, and Harold Puthoff. "Information Transmission under Conditions of Sensory Shielding," *Nature,* vol. 251, October 18, 1974, pp. 602-607, read in the CIA Reading Room copy CIA-RDP96-00787R000100220001-8 on archive.org. Marks, David, and Richard Kammann. "Information Transmission in Remote Viewing Experiments," *Nature,* vol. 274, 1978, pp. 680-681, not obtained; quoted from Puthoff, Targ, and Tart, "Information Transmission in Remote Viewing Experiments: II," with Tart, "Reanalysis of SRI Remote Viewing Experiments," submitted to *Nature,* January 1979, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200090017-5, archive.org mirror.
+[^3]: Targ, Russell. "Remote Viewing at Stanford Research Institute in the 1970s: A Memoir," *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 77-88, reprinted from Targ and Katra, *Mind-to-Mind* (1996); read in a Wayback Machine copy of the journal's PDF.

10 - PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Vernon Walters.md

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ In June 1976 Walters went to [[Paraguay]] to remove the CIA station chief, who h
 
 One of the two, Captain René Riveros Valderrama, gave a sworn statement in Santiago on March 22, 1978, to the Chilean court investigating Contreras and Espinoza. He and Captain Rolando Mosqueira Jarpa had left for Washington on August 21, 1976, on official passports in the names Juan Williams Rose and Alejandro Romeral Jara, prepared by DINA's passport section, on a mission given them by Contreras "to make contact with the North American General Don Vernon Walters in order to receive certain information relating to the names of certain persons." They could not reach him: he was handing over his post and on leave, and "finally a CIA secretary whom we could not identify told us that General Walters no longer worked at that intelligence agency." They then called on a Chilean general Mosqueira knew, giving their real names and ranks but not their errand, and when every approach failed telephoned Espinoza, DINA's chief of operations, who authorized them to return.[^21]
 
-Contreras told the Chilean military prosecutor on March 22, 1978, that "around June or early July 1976, CIA Chile informed me that the Deputy Director of the CIA, General Vernon Walters, needed a contact in the US to give us a list of lobbyists and people who could cooperate with Chile before the US Senate and also for the UN's forthcoming session that year." Espinoza testified on April 24 that Contreras ordered him to designate an agent for the mission with a companion fluent in English; he chose Fernández Larios, and "the name of the second man was suggested by then-Major [[Raúl Iturriaga Neumann|Iturriaga]], under the name Andrés Wilson," who "turned out to be the same person I had known since November or December 1974 as Michael Townley." Fernández Larios said he was told "once in the US I had to speak with a CIA chief named Vernon Walters, because he was going to give me a list of people sympathetic to Chile for purposes of presenting the Chilean position before the United Nations." The second pair, Captains [[René Riveros]] and [[Rolando Mosqueira]], could not find him; General [[Nilo Floody]] of the Chilean military mission, who had known Walters since 1974, had his secretary telephone Walters's office and was told "that he was out of town, that he no longer belonged to the CIA, and that upon his return he would presumably rejoin the Army." The FBI interviewed Walters on June 14, 1978, at the Chilean prosecutor's request. "When told that several DINA officials were claiming that their trip to the US in August of 1976 was to see him, the General laughed and dismissed the idea as being ludicrous on its face, saying it was impossible since he had retired during the previous month." He said his trip to Paraguay "had been completely unrelated to the Letelier assassination," that "at no time had he discussed with any Paraguayan officials the issuance of false passports," that his only contact with Contreras had been the 1975 visit, and he "offered to take a polygraph examination." Propper added: "I have been advised by the CIA that General Vernon Walters retired from the CIA on July 2, 1976. He was no longer there at the time either mission to the United States by DINA personnel took place."[^22]
+Contreras told the Chilean military prosecutor on March 22, 1978, that "around June or early July 1976, CIA Chile informed me that the Deputy Director of the CIA, General Vernon Walters, needed a contact in the US to give us a list of lobbyists and people who could cooperate with Chile before the US Senate and also for the UN's forthcoming session that year." Espinoza testified on April 24 that Contreras ordered him to designate an agent for the mission with a companion fluent in English; he chose Fernández Larios, and "the name of the second man was suggested by then-Major [[Raúl Iturriaga Neumann|Iturriaga]], under the name Andrés Wilson," who "turned out to be the same person I had known since November or December 1974 as [[Michael Townley]]." Fernández Larios said he was told "once in the US I had to speak with a CIA chief named Vernon Walters, because he was going to give me a list of people sympathetic to Chile for purposes of presenting the Chilean position before the United Nations." The second pair, Captains [[René Riveros]] and [[Rolando Mosqueira]], could not find him; General [[Nilo Floody]] of the Chilean military mission, who had known Walters since 1974, had his secretary telephone Walters's office and was told "that he was out of town, that he no longer belonged to the CIA, and that upon his return he would presumably rejoin the Army." The FBI interviewed Walters on June 14, 1978, at the Chilean prosecutor's request. "When told that several DINA officials were claiming that their trip to the US in August of 1976 was to see him, the General laughed and dismissed the idea as being ludicrous on its face, saying it was impossible since he had retired during the previous month." He said his trip to Paraguay "had been completely unrelated to the Letelier assassination," that "at no time had he discussed with any Paraguayan officials the issuance of false passports," that his only contact with Contreras had been the 1975 visit, and he "offered to take a polygraph examination." Propper added: "I have been advised by the CIA that General Vernon Walters retired from the CIA on July 2, 1976. He was no longer there at the time either mission to the United States by DINA personnel took place."[^22]
 
 As ambassador at large for President [[Ronald Reagan]], Walters visited Pinochet in February 1981. "We spoke as old friends," he reported. "He offered full support and said he would do anything we wanted to help us in the Salvadoran situation." He told a congressional committee that the Letelier bombing had been "a mistake," like [[Napoleon]]'s execution of the Duke of Enghien: "You can't rub their noses in it forever."[^19]