vault backup: 2026-10-05 15:45:06

2026-10-05 15:45:06 -04:00 · 2026-10-05 15:45:06 -04:00 · ca0bd505b0
commit ca0bd505b0
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--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/764
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/764
@ -17,16 +17,11 @@ summary: "764 is a decentralized online child exploitation and coercion network
 start: 2020
 location: "United States (online)"
 relations:
-  - type: named_in
+  - type: subject_of
    with: "[[Athens High School Terrorism Case]]"
    start: 2025-11
    role: "named in an Alabama indictment, as reported, as one of the groups with which Carson Albert Butler allegedly conspired; indictment reported December 5, 2025"
    fn: 12
-  - type: referenced_in
-    with: "[[Benson Polytechnic High School Incident]]"
-    start: 2026-10-02
-    role: "references to 764 stated in open court by a Multnomah County deputy district attorney as found by the FBI on a 15-year-old defendant's devices; not part of the Portland Police Bureau charge release"
-    fn: 14
 ---

 [[764 Network|764]] is a decentralized, transnational network of online groups that engages in the sexual exploitation of minors, production and distribution of child sexual abuse material (CSAM), sextortion, coerced self-harm, and the glorification and incitement of real-world violence. The [[U.S. Department of Justice]] (DOJ) classifies 764 and its affiliated groups under the umbrella term "Nihilistic Violent Extremists" (NVEs), defined as individuals who engage in criminal conduct in furtherance of political, social, or religious goals rooted in a hatred of society and a desire to bring about its collapse through chaos and destruction.[^1] As of early 2026, the [[FBI]] was conducting more than 350 active investigations tied to 764 and similar networks, with DOJ career officials describing it as "as serious a threat as you can imagine."[^2]
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/INTERNATIONAL/Institute
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/INTERNATIONAL/Institute
@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+---
+category: "Foreign Government"
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - SovietUnion
+  - AcademyOfSciences
+  - RadioEngineering
+  - Psychoenergetics
+  - Biofield
+  - Psychokinesis
+  - ColdWar
+aliases:
+  - Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics
+  - Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics
+  - Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics
+  - Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the USSR Academy of Sciences
+  - IRE
+  - IRE AN SSSR
+  - IRE RAS
+  - IRE Academy of Sciences
+  - IRE imeni V. A. Kotelnikova
+  - Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics
+  - Institut radiotekhniki i elektroniki
+summary: "Moscow Academy of Sciences institute led by Vladimir Kotelnikov, home of Yuri Kobzarev's 1975 to 1978 psychoenergetics review and of a 1981 to 1985 state laboratory on physical fields of biological objects."
+location: "Moscow, Soviet Union"
+start: 1953
+relations:
+  - type: member_of
+    with: "[[Soviet Academy of Sciences]]"
+    start: 1953
+    role: "radio engineering institute of the Academy, created in 1953 with Vladimir Kotelnikov as deputy director and, from 1954, director"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: subject_of
+    with: "[[Defense Intelligence Agency]]"
+    start: 1982-03-22
+    role: "named in the report The Soviet Psychoenergetics Research Program as the Academy institute where considerable psychoenergetics research was known to occur"
+    fn: 5
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Kobzarev Commission]]"
+    start: 1975
+    end: 1978
+    role: "the DIA stated that key members of the review commission were leading scientists and directors of the institute"
+    fn: 5
+created: 2026-10-05
+updated: 2026-10-05
+---
+
+The Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IRE) of the [[Soviet Academy of Sciences]] was created in 1953. [[Vladimir Kotelnikov]] was elected a full member of the Academy that year, was named deputy director of the new institute, and became its director in 1954; his work there included the first radar mapping of planets, for which he and collaborators received the Lenin Prize in 1964.[^1] The physicist [[Yuri Gulyaev]] entered its graduate program in 1958 after the [[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]], became a corresponding member of the Academy in 1979 and a full member in 1984, and was director of the institute by 1995.[^2] [[Yuri Kobzarev]], the radar pioneer, worked there from 1955 part time, headed a department from 1968 and became an adviser to the directorate in 1980; a biography of him in the [[Heroes of the Country]] database states that "on his initiative" a scientific and engineering center for biomedical radioelectronics was created at the institute, "whose task was the study of the human organism by radiophysical methods."[^3] The physicist [[Alexander Taratorin]], who worked in its biological-fields laboratory, wrote in 1997 that the institute had a [[Moscow]] part on Marx Prospect and a closed part at [[Fryazino]] with more than a thousand staff, and that its work covered electronics, semiconductor physics, radar of the planets of the solar system and radar mapping of Venus.[^4]
+
+### Review commission of 1975 to 1978
+
+A report of the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] dated March 22, 1982 stated that "key members of the special review commission that recommended creation of the [[Bioelectronics Section]] are leading scientists/directors in the IRE and have leading positions with the USSR Academy of Sciences." The commission began its activities in 1975, was chaired by Kobzarev, described in a footnote as "Member, Academy of Sciences, and leading radar researcher at the Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics (IRE), Moscow," and was "under the direction of V. A. Kotel'nikov, vice president of the Academy of Science and director of IRE." Its members included directors and deputy directors of institutes, members of the Academy, and Party officials; the report concluded that its composition suggested a Scientific Problems Council appointed by the Academy or by the [[State Committee for Science and Technology]]. It spanned about three years, reviewed earlier work, in particular that of the [[Popov Society]] laboratory under [[I. M. Kogan]], "arranged experiments and took part in them as observers," and produced documents on the validity of the phenomena, among them a statement signed by Kobzarev in 1978 and a similar one signed by Kotelnikov, Kobzarev and others affirming the reality of psychokinetic phenomena.[^5] The commission's recommendations led to a resolution of the [[Popov Society]] of October 31, 1978 (Protocol No. 14) creating a Bioelectronics Section, chaired by the philosopher and corresponding member of the Academy [[Alexander Spirkin]], whose bureau included a representative of the missile design bureau [[VYMPEL]] and three [[Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union|Ministry of Defense]] members, two of them colonels.[^5]
+
+The same DIA report stated that the institute "became actively involved in psychoenergetics research in 1977 or 1978," that since then "IRE's main research has been centered on psychokinetic phenomena," with Deputy Director Gulyaev the principal investigator using acoustic, electromagnetic, ultraviolet and infrared sensors, and that experiments with [[Ninel Kulagina]] "and with healers (probably including Davitashvili)" were said to be positive in that sensors showed signals coincident with attempts. The intended effects included moving non-metallic objects, influencing a surface acoustic wave device and producing images on sealed photographic plates. It added that in 1977 Gulyaev visited a U.S. parapsychology laboratory and said remote viewing would also be examined at his facility.[^5] A DIA briefing for the U.S. Air Force in June and July 1987 was described in DIA's cover note as reviewing Soviet research "with emphasis on the recent integrated efforts of several U.S.S.R Academy of Science laboratories," and its slides reproduced Kobzarev's and Kotelnikov's statements on Kulagina.[^6]
+
+### Laboratory of physical fields of biological objects, 1981 to 1985
+
+The physicist [[Eduard Godik]] wrote that in the autumn of 1981 a group of ministry officials and senior scientists met in the office of Gulyaev, then deputy director, and were told of a Party instruction to look into healers and psychics; he drafted a program within a weekend, proposing to use the passive remote-sensing methods developed at the institute "under the direction of Academician V. A. Kotel'nikov" to map the physical fields and radiations of the human body in six channels.[^7] The journalist [[Lev Kolodny]] reported in 1990 and later that the program began with the support of the [[Gosplan]] chairman [[Nikolai Baibakov]], the academicians [[Guriy Marchuk]] (chairman of the State Committee for Science and Technology) and [[Anatoly Aleksandrov]] (president of the Academy), and Kotelnikov; a [[Central Intelligence Agency]] news abstract of Kolodny's article in [[Moskovskaya Pravda]] of October 10, 1990 records that Baibakov backed the project over objections from the health minister and the president of the [[Academy of Medical Sciences of the Soviet Union|Academy of Medical Sciences]], that Baibakov persuaded General Secretary [[Leonid Brezhnev]] the research was worthwhile, and that [[Dzhuna Davitashvili]] received permission to reside in Moscow.[^8] The abstract states that two groups were formed, one under Godik at IRE and one under Rakhimov in the physics school of [[Moscow State University]], and that demonstrations with an infrared imager and a computer convinced Baibakov, Aleksandrov and Kotelnikov that she had infrared detection capability; an order signed by Aleksandrov and the health minister then directed Academy staff to continue the work and Academy of Medical Sciences staff to study the "D" phenomenon therapeutically. The group received equipment for measurements in seven channels (electric and magnetic fields, infrared, radiothermal, optical and acoustic radiation, and chemical fields), and the abstract states that its work was interrupted in April 1985, a suspension that Kolodny linked to the death of Brezhnev and changes in Party leadership.[^8]
+
+Kolodny quoted Gulyaev as saying that Marchuk summoned him and the physicist [[Yevgeny Velikhov]] and said Brezhnev had asked whether Dzhuna was "treating or maiming" him, that the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]] secretary [[Andrei Kirilenko]] asked what they needed, and that Velikhov answered "a million dollars and ten million rubles apiece," which was granted at once. Kolodny stated that the laboratory occupied a building in Starosadsky Pereulok.[^9][^10] Taratorin wrote in 1997 that the Central Committee call was made to Kotelnikov, that the laboratory was assigned to Gulyaev and led by Godik from room 14 of the institute's basement, that the funds were foreign currency and staff positions of about half a million dollars, and that the [[Politburo]]'s assignment was to investigate Dzhuna's healing effect and report to the forthcoming Party congress. He wrote that Dzhuna was enrolled in secret as a senior researcher, the Politburo having first favored a professorship, which Kotelnikov insisted on lowering.[^11] Kolodny wrote that she was enrolled without a dissertation at a salary of 180 rubles a month.[^9]
+
+The laboratory published an interview with Gulyaev and Godik, "Physical Fields of Biological Objects," in the [[Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR]] (no. 8, 1983), of which Kotelnikov was listed in his obituary as chief editor, and a paper in [[Doklady Akademii Nauk]] on the sensitivity of human skin to infrared thermal flows.[^12][^13] Kolodny wrote that the editor of the Vestnik, after visiting the laboratory, asked the authors to cut the paragraph explaining the phenomena, on the ground that readers would conclude that "science had confirmed" them, and that Dzhuna's name was left out.[^10] The scientific results Godik later described were that the infrared thermal radiation of the hand lies within the sensitivity of human skin, that a healer's effect could be accounted for by sensing and responding to weak signals below conscious thresholds, and, in the account of Kolodny quoting Godik's book, that after Dzhuna's passes the disturbed circulation in the feet of a patient with endarteritis was practically restored, and that in a later test patients with the same disease were treated by a qigong master who sat on a chair for half an hour, circulation in the foot being fully restored.[^7][^10] Godik and Gulyaev explained Kulagina's effects in terms of electrically charged sweat from her palms.[^10][^14]
+
+The newspaper [[Izvestiya]] described the laboratory in public on July 3, 1986, in an article by its science observer B. Konovalov: a laboratory of radioelectronic methods of investigating biological objects had been organized "especially," headed by the physicist E. E. Godik, a specialist in infrared detection, with an institute group under Gulyaev having studied Dzhuna Davitashvili "in greater detail in Moscow" and "willingly cooperated." It described the passive remote sounding methods the institute had used on soil moisture and the stars, and reported that in her "working regime" the physical fields near the wrists of "extrasenses, primarily Ye. Yu. Davitashvili," showed changed infrared radiation, a rise in very weak optical luminescence, an increased magnetic field and low-frequency electric oscillations; that a human hand notes at several centimeters a heat flow equal to a rise of several tenths of a degree in another person's body temperature; and that when a glass wall opaque to infrared was placed between patient and healer the patient's skin did not warm. It added that "at the beginning of 1978 a group of Moscow scientists headed by academician Yu. B. Kobzarev investigated" Kulagina, with Gulyaev detecting acoustic clicks, and closed by saying that talk of "mysticism, quackery, and the notorious biofield" at general meetings of the Academy only hampered a constructive approach.[^15]
+
+In September 1983 [[Russell Targ]], [[Keith Harary]] and Targ's daughter [[Elisabeth Targ|Elisabeth]] visited Moscow on an invitation from the Academy, and Gulyaev received them at the institute, in an office "overlooking [[Gorky Park]]." They wrote that he and Godik were measuring the electromagnetic and visible radiation emitted by the human body and had counted photons with a spectrometer, finding "some physical evidence" for auras, and that he gave them a copy of Kogan's book on applied information theory.[^16] Taratorin wrote that Targ and "[[Edwin May]]" visited around 1983, that "the first department" of the institute took exception, that they were not admitted to the laboratory, and that Gulyaev and Godik steered the conversation to the physical fields around any biological object and showed two open publications in Doklady.[^11] Taratorin also wrote that after 1983 generals and admirals visited the basement, that a colonel presented a lecture on irradiating the psyche of an enemy army with a radar antenna, and that the KGB proposed viewing the General Secretary's face remotely by infrared camera.[^11] Kolodny described a photograph taken at the laboratory door in September 1985 of Aleksandrov, Kotelnikov and Baibakov, who he wrote were briefed for four hours on the results.[^17]
+
+### Later accounts
+
+At a joint session of the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Medical Sciences the physicist [[Yakov Zeldovich]] criticized the philosopher Alexander Spirkin, who had led a public laboratory studying the phenomena, saying that "scientists, especially members of the Academy, should not succumb to hypnosis even on the part of healers," and Aleksandrov added that "members of the Academy of Sciences may not support pseudoscientific directions," according to Kolodny.[^9] Godik emigrated to the United States in 1993 and Taratorin and other laboratory members went to California; Taratorin wrote that he hoped "science will someday return to research like that begun in Moscow in 1982."[^9][^11] Kolodny wrote in 2016 that he had learned the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences consulted Gulyaev about Dzhuna and that Gulyaev stated there had been no Dzhuna phenomenon apart perhaps from an ability to influence a person.[^10] The engineer [[Serge Kernbach]], in a 2013 review of Russian open sources, described a Central Committee and [[Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union|Council of Ministers]] resolution No. 137-47 of January 27, 1986 on a program for "management of living objects" and a Center of Non-Traditional Technologies formed by Decree No. 724 of December 22, 1989; he stated that the 1986 text is not public and quoted a note of May 1991 from the academician [[Evgeny Aleksandrov|E. B. Aleksandrov]] to the [[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union|Supreme Soviet]]'s science committee that from the mid-1980s defense agencies and the KGB financed "disjointed pseudoscientific closed developments" on communication, weapons and drug-free influence on humans, consolidated in 1986 in a Council of Ministers document.[^18]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: "In memory of V. A. Kotel'nikov," *Automation and Remote Control* 66, no. 4 (2005), pp. 674-675. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10513-005-0111-4.pdf
+[^2]: "Yuri Vasilyevich Gulyaev (on his 60th birthday)," *Akusticheskiy Zhurnal* 42, no. 2 (1996), pp. 293-294. https://www.akzh.ru/pdf/1996_2_293-294.pdf
+[^3]: "Kobzarev Yuri Borisovich," Heroes of the Country (Geroi Strany), biography by Sergei Kargapoltsev. http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=14432
+[^4]: Alexander Taratorin, "Nevydumannaya istoriya ekstrasensov v Rossii" (1997), lib.ru. http://lib.ru/ZHURNAL/istoria.txt_with-big-pictures.html Sole source for the passages so cited, written by a member of the laboratory.
+[^5]: Defense Intelligence Agency, Defense Technical Intelligence Report DST-1810D-948-82-RPT-4, "The Soviet Psychoenergetics Research Program (U)," March 22, 1982, sections I.B, II.A, III.A-B and Appendix II, declassified in part 2011, NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020003-3. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-nsa-rdp96x00790r000100020003-3
+[^6]: Henry E. Shinol, Headquarters USAF, to the Defense Intelligence Agency, "Soviet Parapsychology Research Briefing," June 12, 1987, DIA note of July 14, 1987 and slides "Soviet Activities in Psychoenergetics," CIA-RDP96-00789R002600320001-8 to -004-5. https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP96-00789R002600320004-5
+[^7]: "Professor Eduard Godik ob ekstrasensakh s tochki zreniya fiziki," FIAN-Inform, report on the presentation of Godik's book *Zagadka ekstrasensov: chto uvideli fiziki* at the Lebedev Physical Institute. http://www.fian-inform.ru/sobytiya-i-meropriyatiya/item/334-professor-eduard-godik-ob-ekstrasensakh-s-tochki-zreniya-fiziki
+[^8]: Lev Kolodny, "Biofield Researchers' Equipment, Support from Country's Leaders Noted," *Moskovskaya Pravda*, October 10, 1990, no. 232, p. 3, as abstracted in the Daily SNAP (item SNAP 901023), CIA-RDP96-00792R000500470003-9. https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP96-00792R000500470003-9
+[^9]: Lev Kolodny, preface to *Dzhuna. Tayna velikoy tselitelnitsy* (first published as *Fenomen "D" i drugie*, Politizdat, 1991). https://mybook.ru/author/lev-kolodnyj/dzhuna-tajna-velikoj-celitelnicy/read/
+[^10]: Lev Kolodny, "Mify i pravda o Dzhune," *Moskovsky Komsomolets*, October 14, 2016. https://www.mk.ru/social/2016/10/14/mify-i-pravda-o-dzhune-esli-ne-izvinitsya-to-zadumatsya.html
+[^11]: Taratorin (note 4). Sole source for the passages so cited.
+[^12]: A. I. Kozlova, interview with Yu. V. Gulyaev and E. E. Godik, "Fizicheskie polya biologicheskikh obektov," *Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR*, no. 8 (1983), as listed in the bibliography of Serge Kernbach, "Unconventional research in USSR and Russia: short overview," arXiv:1312.1148 (2013). https://arxiv.org/pdf/1312.1148
+[^13]: Kotelnikov obituary (note 1), listing him as chief editor of *Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR*; Kolodny (note 10) on the *Doklady* paper.
+[^14]: "A chto nauka? Smogli li uchenye razgadat zagadku ekstrasensov," *Argumenty i Fakty*, no. 42, October 14, 2014. https://aif.by/social/a_chto_nauka_smogli_li_uchenye_razgadat_zagadku_ekstrasensov
+[^15]: B. Konovalov, "Extrasense Through the Eyes of Physics," *Izvestiya*, July 3, 1986, p. 6, as translated in JPRS-UBB-86-022, *USSR Report: Life Sciences, Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences*, December 5, 1986, pp. 105-108. https://archive.org/details/jprs-report_jprs-ubb-86-022
+[^16]: Russell Targ and Keith Harary, *The Mind Race* (Villard Books, 1984), "From Moscow to Yerevan," as excerpted in CIA-RDP96-00792R000500400002-7 and CIA-RDP96-00792R000600150005-1. https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP96-00792R000600150005-1
+[^17]: Kolodny (note 10), describing the photograph taken at the laboratory door in September 1985.
+[^18]: Serge Kernbach, "Unconventional research in USSR and Russia: short overview," arXiv:1312.1148 (2013), section on the 1980s; the secondary overview names its own sources. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1312.1148
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/USA/Foreign
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/USA/Foreign
@ -45,49 +45,49 @@ relations:
    start: 1951-12
    role: "scientific support contract for UFO reports under the Air Technical Intelligence Center (Project Bear, Project Stork)"
    fn: 5
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Altamira Technologies]]"
    reverse: true
    start: 2014-10-03
    role: "ATEP II contract FA860415D7977 (ceiling $2,200,000,000) and NOVASTAR contract FA860422DB005 (28 listed orders, $159,269,313 obligated as of October 4, 2026)"
    fn: 14
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[KBR Wyle Services]]"
    reverse: true
    start: 2014-10-03
    role: "ATEP II contract FA860415D7975 (ceiling $1,240,000,000; 149 orders, $285,894,298)"
    fn: 14
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Epsilon C5I]]"
    reverse: true
    start: 2022-08-19
    role: "NOVASTAR contract FA860422DB006 (16 listed orders, $63,766,638 obligated as of October 4, 2026)"
    fn: 14
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Xandar LLC]]"
    reverse: true
    start: 2022-08-19
    role: "NOVASTAR contract FA860422DB009 (15 listed orders, $50,856,348 obligated as of October 4, 2026)"
    fn: 14
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Ball Aerospace]]"
    reverse: true
    start: 2009-07-08
    role: "ATEP I contract FA860409D7976 (217 listed orders, $396,247,022 obligated as of October 4, 2026)"
    fn: 13
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[General Dynamics Mission Systems]]"
    reverse: true
    start: 2009-07-08
    role: "ATEP I contract FA860409D7977 (87 listed orders, $120,731,319 obligated as of October 4, 2026)"
    fn: 13
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Northrop Grumman]]"
    reverse: true
    start: 2009-07-08
    role: "ATEP I contract FA860409D7975 (14 listed orders, $6,983,794 obligated as of October 4, 2026)"
    fn: 13
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[HII Mission Technologies]]"
    reverse: true
    start: 2013-02-01
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/USA/Jet
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/USA/Jet
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+---
+category: "U.S. Government"
+aliases:
+  - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
+  - JPL
+  - NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
+  - Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory
+  - Jet Propulsion Lab
+  - Jet Lab
+tags:
+  - Organization
+  - Rocketry
+  - Caltech
+  - NASA
+  - Army
+  - Pasadena
+  - GALCIT
+  - SecurityClearance
+  - Space
+summary: "Caltech laboratory in Pasadena that grew from GALCIT Project No. 1 in 1944, built Army missiles until 1958, and transferred to NASA on December 3, 1958; its staff figured in several 1950 security cases."
+location: "Pasadena, California"
+relations:
+  - type: owned
+    with: "[[California Institute of Technology]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 1944-06
+    role: "laboratory under contract to the Army, then NASA"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: contractor_to
+    with: "[[United States Army]]"
+    start: 1944
+    end: 1958-12-03
+    role: "developer of the Private, WAC Corporal, Corporal and Sergeant missiles and the Explorer 1 satellite work with the Army Ballistic Missile Agency"
+    fn: 2
+  - type: contractor_to
+    with: "[[NASA]]"
+    start: 1958-12-03
+    role: "formally transferred from the Army to NASA"
+    fn: 6
+  - type: director_of
+    with: "[[Frank Malina]]"
+    start: 1944-06
+    end: 1946
+    role: "laboratory directed by Malina"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Qian Xuesen]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 1944
+    end: 1950
+    role: "section chief and theoretician, Jet Propulsion Laboratory"
+    fn: 3
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Sidney Weinbaum]]"
+    reverse: true
+    end: 1950-06
+    role: "laboratory employee, reported by FBI informants as county organizer of Professional Unit 122"
+    fn: 3
+created: 2026-10-05
+updated: 2026-10-05
+---
+
+The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a laboratory of the [[California Institute of Technology]] in the Arroyo Seco at Pasadena. Its historian, Erik Conway, writes that GALCIT Project No. 1 "officially became the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in June 1944," remaining a Caltech organization though not yet a division of the Institute, with [[Theodore von Kármán]] as chair of its executive board.[^1] The project's history is given at [[GALCIT Rocket Research Project]].
+
+### Army period
+
+[[Frank Malina]] drew on Caltech faculty and outside hires: the electrical engineer [[William Pickering]] set up guidance and controls, the aeronautics professor [[Louis Dunn]] became assistant director and later director, and [[Homer J. Stewart]] headed research and analysis.[^1] The laboratory built three series of complete rockets: the Private (about eight feet tall, range about ten miles, first complete rocket), the WAC Corporal (first fired October 11, 1945 at [[White Sands Proving Ground]], New Mexico) and the guided Corporal, which the Army in 1950 asked to be made a deployable nuclear-weapon system; in May 1952 the Army ordered 200 Corporal missiles.[^1] Conway records that Malina and [[Qian Xuesen]] enlarged some of the Private's fins into wings, with unsuccessful results.[^1] The Sergeant contract followed in 1954, shortly before Pickering became the third director.[^1] The laboratory worked with the [[Army Ballistic Missile Agency]] at [[Redstone Arsenal]], where Army leaders had settled [[Wernher von Braun]]'s group, and the launch of Explorer 1 took place at about 2:00 a.m. on February 1, 1958.[^2]
+
+### Security cases of 1950 to 1952
+
+The laboratory's staff and records appear in the FBI files of 1950 to 1952.
+
+The FBI's Los Angeles reports on [[Sidney Weinbaum]], a Jet Propulsion Laboratory employee, record Informant T-2 as stating that he was a member of Professional Unit 122 of the Communist Party in Pasadena and its county organizer, and that Qian, then section chief at the laboratory, had been entertained at the Weinbaum home and had corresponded with the Weinbaums before Weinbaum's hiring.[^3] The report also notes that "as of a recent date" Weinbaum had been terminated from the laboratory; he was arrested for perjury on June 16, 1950, the same date on which the "denial of consent" to Qian dated June 6, 1950 was delivered to Caltech.[^3] Weinbaum was convicted.[^3]
+
+When the FBI recovered seven GALCIT Project No. 1 reports from [[Jack Parsons]] in December 1950, the laboratory advised the FBI by letter of December 29, 1950 that, in the present active sense, three were confidential, one restricted and three unclassified, and that all could be downgraded to unclassified; it stated that it had no authority to downgrade them because the Air Force had sponsored the research. The FBI recorded a statement that security regulations at the laboratory during Parsons's employment had been lax, with no charge-out system for reports.[^4] The Army's Counter Intelligence Division advised in 1951 that the work had continued under the administrative direction of the Army Chief of Ordnance and that some papers contained proprietary information of [[Aerojet]] and [[Thiokol]].[^4]
+
+Malina, the laboratory's first director, was the subject of the 1952 sealed indictment described on his page.[^5]
+
+### Transfer to NASA
+
+The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, signed July 29, did not change the status of JPL or the [[Army Ballistic Missile Agency]]. Pickering and the NASA administrator T. Keith Glennan wanted the laboratory moved into [[NASA]], the Army resisted, and JPL was formally transferred on December 3, 1958. Pickering said the principal consideration for Caltech was the opportunity to leave classified military research for space science.[^6]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Conway, Erik M., "From Rockets to Spacecraft: Making JPL a Place for Planetary Science," Engineering & Science (Caltech), no. 4 (2007), pp. 4-8, calteches.library.caltech.edu/702/2/Spacecraft.pdf.
+[^2]: Conway, Engineering & Science no. 4 (2007), pp. 8-10.
+[^3]: FBI, "Hsue-Shen Tsien," Los Angeles file 65-4857, reports of 1949 and 1950 (Informant T-2; Weinbaum; denial of consent letter of June 6, 1950; Weinbaum arrest June 16, 1950), archive.org/details/fbi-file-tsien-hsue-shen (FBIFile_Tsien_Part1 and Part2).
+[^4]: FBI, "John Whiteside Parsons," file 65-59589, Part 2 (reports of December 1950 and January 1951; Army and Air Force memoranda of 1951), archive.org/details/JohnParsons.
+[^5]: FBI, "Frank J. Malina," Los Angeles file 100-8196, memoranda of 1952 and 1953, archive.org/details/FrankMalina (Frank Malina 02).
+[^6]: Conway, Engineering & Science no. 4 (2007), p. 10.
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/USA/Missile
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/USA/Missile
@ -16,48 +16,50 @@ alias:
 location: "Redstone Arsenal, Alabama"
 summary: "Defense Intelligence Agency element at Redstone Arsenal whose 2025 briefing traces it to the Army Ballistic Missile Agency in 1956, which analyzes and exploits foreign weapon systems with contractor support."
 relations:
-  - type: subsidiary_of
+  - type: owned
    with: "[[Defense Intelligence Agency]]"
+    reverse: true
    start: 1992
    role: "transferred to the Defense Intelligence Agency in 1992"
    fn: 1
-  - type: subsidiary_of
+  - type: owned
    with: "[[Army Intelligence Agency]]"
+    reverse: true
    start: 1985
    end: 1992
    role: "intelligence community element of the Army Intelligence Agency from 1985"
    fn: 1
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Dynetics]]"
    start: 2015-01
    role: "$172 million support contract reported January 26, 2015 (work expected complete January 25, 2020); HHM402-19-D-0023, $737,992,267 ceiling, reported November 6, 2019"
    fn: 16
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Parsons Government Services]]"
    start: 2018-05
    role: "HHM402-18-D-0004, $164,693,682 ceiling; Parsons Corporation 2026 position on COMET announced August 25, 2026"
    fn: 3
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[COLSA Corp.]]"
    start: 2016-09-28
    role: "potential five-year, $103 million scientific computing contract announced September 28, 2016"
    fn: 17
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[COLSA Corp.]]"
    start: 2021-09-28
    role: "Scientific Computing Operations, Analysis, and Applications contract HHM402-21-D-0151; total contract ceiling value stated as $217,439,429.92 in the justification dated August 31, 2023"
    fn: 22
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Science Applications International Corporation]]"
    start: 2026-08-31
    role: "position on COMET stated in Form 8-K exhibit of August 31, 2026"
    fn: 9
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Integration Innovation]]"
    start: 2026-09-08
    role: "announced Small Business position on COMET"
    fn: 11
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Intuitive Research and Technology Corporation]]"
    start: 2026-09-17
    role: "announced prime position on COMET"
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Apogee
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Apogee
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ alias:
 summary: "Colorado Springs defense contractor and one of four holders of the $866 million NASIC ASTRA advisory and assistance contract, awarded May 6, 2026."
 location: "Colorado Springs, Colorado"
 relations:
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]]"
    start: 2026-07-01
    role: "holder of IDIQ FA8604-26-D-B003, Advisory Support and Technical Requirement Administration (ASTRA), $866,563,163 ceiling"
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Argent
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Argent
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ alias:
  - Argent Financial Group, Inc.
 summary: "Trustee of the Radiance Technologies employee stock ownership trust under an agreement dated September 5, 2017, and a defendant, with Argent Financial Group and Stephen A. Martin, in Berry v. Bailey."
 relations:
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Radiance Technologies]]"
    start: 2017-09-05
    role: "successor trustee of the Radiance Technologies, Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Trust under a trust agreement dated September 5, 2017"
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ relations:
    start: 2017-09-05
    role: "Senior Vice President; signed the trust agreement for Argent Trust Company; pleaded in Berry v. Bailey as Senior Vice President and Senior Fiduciary Consultant of Argent Financial and Argent Trust"
    fn: 2
-  - type: defendant_in
+  - type: subject_of
    with: "[[Berry v. Bailey]]"
    start: 2024-04-25
    end: 2025-09-18
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/BDM
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/BDM
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ In 1988 Braddock was listed to speak on "Continuing Modernization of Soviet Forc

 ### Stubblebine and the 1985 Conference

-[[Albert Stubblebine]] commanded the [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command]] from May 1981 to June 1984. [[Jim Schnabel]] wrote in [[The Independent]] of August 27, 1995 that Stubblebine "retired from the Army in 1984 to become an executive at BDM Corporation, a Washington-area defence and intelligence contractor," and "left BDM a few years ago."[^24] A [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] addendum to a memorandum for the record dated December 10, 1985 lists "Stubblebine, Albert MG (Ret.)," as commanding general of INSCOM from May 1981 to June 1984 and "presently employed by BDM Corp. in the Wash., D.C. area."[^25] Stubblebine's own biography on the website of a Canadian company on whose board he sat states that "upon retirement, he served as the Vice President for Intelligence at BDM and ran his own consulting firm."[^26] [[John B. Alexander]] wrote in 2011 that Stubblebine went to work for BDM "as Vice President for Intelligence Operations."[^27] [[George P. Hansen]] wrote in *The Trickster and the Paranormal* that [[Karl Pflock]] worked for BDM International between 1989 and 1992 and that Stubblebine, chairman of Psi Tech, "also worked for the company" during that time; the Loose Threads authors also quote a transcript in which Admiral [[Bobby Ray Inman]] told an interviewer that a retired rear admiral and former Director of [[Office of Naval Intelligence|Naval Intelligence]], [[Sumner Shapiro]], "has been a Vice President of BDM."[^28] No source opened gives the date on which Stubblebine left the company.
+[[Albert Stubblebine]] commanded the [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command]] from May 1981 to June 1984. [[Jim Schnabel]] wrote in [[The Independent]] of August 27, 1995 that Stubblebine "retired from the Army in 1984 to become an executive at BDM Corporation, a Washington-area defence and intelligence contractor," and "left BDM a few years ago."[^24] A [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] addendum to a memorandum for the record dated December 10, 1985 lists "Stubblebine, Albert MG (Ret.)," as commanding general of INSCOM from May 1981 to June 1984 and "presently employed by BDM Corp. in the Wash., D.C. area."[^25] Stubblebine's own biography on the website of a Canadian company on whose board he sat states that "upon retirement, he served as the Vice President for Intelligence at BDM and ran his own consulting firm."[^26] [[John B. Alexander]] wrote in 2011 that Stubblebine went to work for BDM "as Vice President for Intelligence Operations."[^27] [[George P. Hansen]] wrote in *The Trickster and the Paranormal* that [[Karl Pflock]] worked for BDM International between 1989 and 1992 and that Stubblebine, chairman of Psi Tech, "also worked for the company" during that time; the Loose Threads authors also quote a transcript in which Admiral [[Bobby Ray Inman]] told an interviewer that a retired rear admiral and former Director of [[Office of Naval Intelligence|Naval Intelligence]], [[Sumner Shapiro]], "has been a Vice President of BDM."[^28]

 Alexander wrote that the initial meetings of his "[[Advanced Theoretical Physics Working Group|ATP]]" group "would be held in the BDM secure facilities" at Tysons Corner, and that he informed Braddock, "the 'B' of BDM," who "seemed mildly curious, but exhibited no strong interest one way or another."[^27] A [[Department of Energy]] form DOE F 5631.20 dated May 8, 1985 requests admission for three [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] employees to "the BDM McLean secure facility, 7915 Jonesbrook Rd.," on May 20 to 25, 1985 for an "Advance Theoretical Physics Conference," at TOP SECRET/RESTRICTED DATA access.[^27] James Shannon's handwritten attendee list places "Bert Stubblebine" under the organization "BDM" and carries a separate unnamed line marked BDM.[^27] [[Jacques Vallee]]'s journal entry of May 11, 1986 and [[Eric Davis]]'s notes of an October 2002 meeting, which mention a "BDM thing" and "AP-10," are described on the working group's page.[^27]

--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/BGC
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/BGC
@ -30,8 +30,9 @@ alias:
 summary: "Interdealer broker and financial-technology company, successor to eSpeed and BGC Partners and controlled by Cantor Fitzgerald, whose subsidiaries paid $25 million in 2019 over foreign exchange options brokering."
 location: "New York, New York"
 relations:
-  - type: subsidiary_of
+  - type: owned
    with: "[[Cantor Fitzgerald]]"
+    reverse: true
    role: "controlled by Cantor and CFGM through BGC Class B common stock; 96.2 percent of Class B at December 31, 2025"
    start: 2008-04-01
    fn: 1
@ -54,13 +55,13 @@ relations:
    role: "board member from February 18, 2025"
    start: 2025-02-18
    fn: 2
-  - type: owner_of
+  - type: owned
    with: "[[Newmark Group]]"
    role: "real estate services business transferred to Newmark December 13, 2017; Newmark initial public offering December 19, 2017; spin-off to BGC stockholders November 30, 2018"
    start: 2017-12-13
    end: 2018-11-30
    fn: 6
-  - type: acquired
+  - type: owned
    with: "[[GFI Group]]"
    role: "GFI merger completed January 12, 2016, after BGC's acquisition of Jersey Partners, GFI's largest shareholder"
    start: 2016-01-12
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Cantor
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Cantor
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ relations:
    role: "Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Cantor"
    start: 2025-02-18
    fn: 2
-  - type: owner_of
+  - type: owned
    with: "[[BGC Group]]"
    role: "controlling stockholder through Class B common stock held by Cantor and CFGM; 105.3 million Class B shares at December 31, 2025"
    start: 2008-04-01
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ relations:
    role: "launched the eSpeed electronic Treasury trading system in 1996; eSpeed initial public offering December 10, 1999"
    start: 1996
    fn: 6
-  - type: investor_in
+  - type: funded
    with: "[[AdFin Solutions]]"
    role: "through CVAFH I LLC: 800,000 shares of Series A preferred stock for $350,000 (July 23, 2013) and a $2,000,000 convertible note (December 26, 2013)"
    start: 2013-07-23
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Center
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Center
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ relations:
    start: 2019-01
    role: "55 million dollars over five years, raised by 42 million in 2021 to more than 100 million through 2025"
    fn: 1
-  - type: part_of
+  - type: member_of
    with: "[[Georgetown University]]"
    role: "Walsh School of Foreign Service"
    fn: 2
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Dynetics.md
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Dynetics.md
@ -19,26 +19,22 @@ alias:
 summary: "Huntsville, Alabama engineering and weapons-systems company founded in 1974, employee-owned until Leidos bought it for $1.65 billion on January 31, 2020, and holder of FCC experimental licence WK2XCW with a Sierra Blanca, Texas site."
 location: "Huntsville, Alabama"
 relations:
-  - type: subsidiary_of
+  - type: owned
    with: "[[Leidos]]"
+    reverse: true
    start: 2020-01-31
    role: "Leidos, Inc. completed the stock purchase of DYHC, Inc. (Dynetics) from the Dynetics, Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Trust for $1.65 billion in cash; the purchase agreement was dated December 17, 2019"
    fn: 2
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[DARPA]]"
    start: 2017-08-21
    role: "team lead for one of three Phase 1 agreements in the Mobile Force Protection program; FCC filings cite DARPA agreement HR0011-17-9-0017"
    fn: 8
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Aviation and Missile Technology Consortium]]"
    start: 2021-02
    role: "AMTC member named on project 20-01-017, 'Air and Missile Defense Radio Frequency Sensor Prototypes', $20M, listed in the February 2021 block of the consortium awards page"
    fn: 12
-  - type: licensed_by
-    with: "[[Federal Communications Commission]]"
-    start: 2023-01-16
-    role: "experimental licence WK2XCW; the 2023 to 2026 filings list a Sierra Blanca, Texas site (31 20 05 N, 105 30 16 W, 10 km radius)"
-    fn: 15
 created: 2026-10-04
 updated: 2026-10-04
 ---
@ -67,7 +63,7 @@ A Leidos release datelined Huntsville, January 22, 2024 states that the company

 A public interest statement filed with the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (Dynetics' application for a two-year conventional experimental licence) states: "This experiment, a continuation of the Huntsville, AL and Eglin AFB operations previously authorized under STA (WN9XIR), involves the testing of a tracking and discrimination radar. This activity is necessary to support DARPA agreement No. HR0011-17-9-0017." It names a DARPA point of contact, lists the Dynetics Huntsville rooftop or ground sites and "Eglin AFB (Range B-70), FL," gives beam widths of 16.1 by 16.5 degrees (Configuration 1) and 8 by 8 degrees (Configuration 2) and a boresight elevation of less than 60 degrees, and adds: "Additional confidential information regarding the purpose and nature of the experiment is contained at Confidential Exhibit 3." The exhibit text carries no file number or date; the PDF's embedded metadata gives a creation date of February 19, 2019.[^10]

-The "HR0011-XX-9-XXXX" form is the numbering DARPA uses in its sample other-transaction agreement for prototypes.[^11] No DARPA document opened places the number HR0011-17-9-0017 beside the Mobile Force Protection program, and the filing does not name a program.
+The "HR0011-XX-9-XXXX" form is the numbering DARPA uses in its sample other-transaction agreement for prototypes.[^11] The filing does not name a program.

 ### Aviation and Missile Technology Consortium project 20-01-017

--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/EG&G.md
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/EG&G.md
@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ Research on masking the aircraft's radar image under [[Project RAINBOW]], done b

 ### The McCarran building and the Janet flights

-Aviation writers state that the passenger shuttle known by the radio call sign [[Janet (airline)|Janet]], which carries government and contractor employees from a private terminal at [[Las Vegas]] to sites in the [[Nevada Test and Training Range]], was long operated by EG&G; one such account dates the first Janet flights to 1972 and traces the contract through URS (which acquired EG&G Technical Services in 2002) and [[AECOM]] (which acquired URS in 2014) on the basis of URS's history of providing the service and its job postings, including a 2010 notice for [[Boeing]] 737 flight attendants requiring a Single Scope Background Investigation.[^7] An Air Force request for information of November 7, 2023 for a ten-year contract to operate six Boeing 737-600 aircraft and five Beechcraft King Airs from Las Vegas, described as "transportation operations out of a variety of locations, including both open commercial airfields and restricted access, highly secure, government-controlled sites," was reported by the trade press, which lists the current contractor as a successor to the same chain.[^7] The annual reports of EG&G and URS opened for this page do not mention Janet or [[Groom Lake]].[^2][^4]
+Aviation writers state that the passenger shuttle known by the radio call sign [[Janet (airline)|Janet]], which carries government and contractor employees from a private terminal at [[Las Vegas]] to sites in the [[Nevada Test and Training Range]], was long operated by EG&G; one such account dates the first Janet flights to 1972 and traces the contract through URS (which acquired EG&G Technical Services in 2002) and [[AECOM]] (which acquired URS in 2014) on the basis of URS's history of providing the service and its job postings, including a 2010 notice for [[Boeing]] 737 flight attendants requiring a Single Scope Background Investigation.[^7] An Air Force request for information of November 7, 2023 for a ten-year contract to operate six Boeing 737-600 aircraft and five Beechcraft King Airs from Las Vegas, described as "transportation operations out of a variety of locations, including both open commercial airfields and restricted access, highly secure, government-controlled sites," was reported by the trade press, which lists the current contractor as a successor to the same chain.[^7] The annual reports of EG&G and URS do not mention Janet or [[Groom Lake]].[^2][^4]

 [[Bob Lazar]] said on Las Vegas television that the [[United States Navy|Navy]] was his employer, that "it was EG&G where I got the job," that when he was told to go to work he "drove there parked my car there and got in a plane" at [[McCarran International Airport]], "there was special projects EG&G building," flew to Groom Lake, and was taken by bus to the [[S-4 (Area 51)|S-4]] site near [[Papoose Lake]]. A transcript of a [[KLAS-TV]] report by [[George Knapp]] states that [[Los Alamos]] officials said they had no records of Lazar, that "EG&G which is where Lazar says he was interviewed for the job at s4 also has no records," and that a 1982 Los Alamos telephone directory and newspaper clipping listed Lazar there.[^8] Notes attributed to the physicist [[Eric Davis]], dated October 16, 2002, begin "Rich says to go to EG&G Special Projects building at Grice and Paradise. 'Meet at 10 A.M.'" and record that Vice Admiral [[Thomas R. Wilson]], the former director of the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], arrived at 10:10 and that the two sat in his car behind the EG&G building until 11:20; Wilson told the [[Sarasota Herald-Tribune]] reporter [[Billy Cox]] in 2020 "It's all fiction" and that he "definitely did not sit with him in a car for an hour in Las Vegas." The "Rich" in the notes who gives Davis the meeting place is a contact of Davis and Wilson whom the notes tie to the [[Association of Former Intelligence Officers]] and the [[National Nuclear Security Administration]], and who is named in the notes together with a "Doug"; the notes do not identify him further.[^9] The Wilson-Davis notes are discussed further on the page for the [[Wilson-Davis Memo]].

 ### Frost v. Perry and Kasza v. Browner

-The reported decisions in the Groom Lake waste cases, [[Frost v. Perry]] and [[Kasza v. Browner]], do not name EG&G. The [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|Ninth Circuit]]'s opinion of January 8, 1998 describes the plaintiffs as "Former workers at a classified facility operated by the [[U.S. Air Force|United States Air Force]]," lists the defendants in Frost v. Perry as [[William Perry]], then Secretary of Defense, [[Anthony Lake]], then National Security Advisor, and [[Sheila Widnall]], Secretary of the Air Force, and the defendant in Kasza v. Browner as [[Carol Browner]], Administrator of the [[Environmental Protection Agency]], and records the appearances of [[Jonathan Turley]] and [[Joan Manley]] of [[George Washington University]] for the plaintiffs and of the [[Department of Justice]] for the government.[^10] The district court's order of May 4, 1995 on a motion to compel concerned an interrogatory asking the Air Force to identify the names used for "the operating location near Groom Lake" and quotes Secretary Widnall's unclassified declaration that the location "has no official name."[^11] The [[Las Vegas Sun]] reported on October 14, 1996 that the workers alleged "the Air Force and its contractors" filled 55-gallon drums with toxic waste in the 1980s and burned them in trenches, and on March 7, 1996 that [[Helen Frost]], a plaintiff who had unsuccessfully sued over her husband's death in 1993, said that [[Robert Frost]] had worked as a sheet-metal worker at Groom Lake in the 1980s; [[The Village Voice]] described [[Wally Kasza]] as a 69-year-old sheet metal worker from the base who replaced Frost as an industrial supervisor there after Frost died. No opinion, order or news report opened for this page names the employer of Robert Frost or Wally Kasza.[^12] Cox News Service reported on August 16, 1994, in the [[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]], that Jonathan Turley had sued the Environmental Protection Agency for failing to enforce environmental laws at a secret air base in Nevada, that he said he represented unidentified current and former workers at "Area 51," and that the suit alleged that the burning of hazardous and toxic wastes at the base caused serious injuries to employees and at least one death; the report described the base as also known as "Dreamland," on the edge of Groom Dry Lake, and the portion read does not mention EG&G.[^13]
+The reported decisions in the Groom Lake waste cases, [[Frost v. Perry]] and [[Kasza v. Browner]], do not name EG&G. The [[United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|Ninth Circuit]]'s opinion of January 8, 1998 describes the plaintiffs as "Former workers at a classified facility operated by the [[U.S. Air Force|United States Air Force]]," lists the defendants in Frost v. Perry as [[William Perry]], then Secretary of Defense, [[Anthony Lake]], then National Security Advisor, and [[Sheila Widnall]], Secretary of the Air Force, and the defendant in Kasza v. Browner as [[Carol Browner]], Administrator of the [[Environmental Protection Agency]], and records the appearances of [[Jonathan Turley]] and [[Joan Manley]] of [[George Washington University]] for the plaintiffs and of the [[Department of Justice]] for the government.[^10] The district court's order of May 4, 1995 on a motion to compel concerned an interrogatory asking the Air Force to identify the names used for "the operating location near Groom Lake" and quotes Secretary Widnall's unclassified declaration that the location "has no official name."[^11] The [[Las Vegas Sun]] reported on October 14, 1996 that the workers alleged "the Air Force and its contractors" filled 55-gallon drums with toxic waste in the 1980s and burned them in trenches, and on March 7, 1996 that [[Helen Frost]], a plaintiff who had unsuccessfully sued over her husband's death in 1993, said that [[Robert Frost]] had worked as a sheet-metal worker at Groom Lake in the 1980s; [[The Village Voice]] described [[Wally Kasza]] as a 69-year-old sheet metal worker from the base who replaced Frost as an industrial supervisor there after Frost died. No opinion, order or news report names the employer of Robert Frost or Wally Kasza.[^12] Cox News Service reported on August 16, 1994, in the [[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]], that Jonathan Turley had sued the Environmental Protection Agency for failing to enforce environmental laws at a secret air base in Nevada, that he said he represented unidentified current and former workers at "Area 51," and that the suit alleged that the burning of hazardous and toxic wastes at the base caused serious injuries to employees and at least one death; the report described the base as also known as "Dreamland," on the edge of Groom Dry Lake, and the portion read does not mention EG&G.[^13]

 ### Footnotes

--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/ENNEA
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/ENNEA
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ The agreement effective November 19, 2025 between ENNEA LLC ("a limited liabilit

 The domain ennea.io was registered January 5, 2024 and transferred March 11, 2024; the registrant name is redacted and mail is handled by Google Workspace. Captures of May 22 and August 9, 2024 show the tagline "The central node for capital, research, and relationships fueling contrarian ideas." with an email sign-up box. Captures from November 4, 2024 show the title "The Explorer's Club by Ennea. Inaugural gathering at the Esalen Institute October 14th-18th, 2024." and the text: "An invitational community of patrons, entrepreneurs, scientists, and mystics working at the forefront of consciousness." "What if a higher form of intelligence has been visiting this planet? And remains here right now, to this day?" "Our inaugural event is a highly curated, patron-funded, invite-only experience focused on exploring how new discoveries related to consciousness, higher intelligence, and the mysterious energy field that connects our universe will usher in a new scientific paradigm." The application form at /explorersclub/request asks name, phone, email, "Are you a Patron or Practitioner/Researcher?", "Why do you want to join?" and "Relevant links." No captured page names an organizer, address or legal entity.[^10][^4]

-No Form D, Senate lobbying filing, federal contract recipient record or [[Federal Election Commission]] contributor under the name ENNEA, Ennea LLC or Skywatcher was found in searches of October 3 to 4, 2026, and the company files no public Form 990 on the Florida record. No source opened names the patrons.[^11]
+No Form D, Senate lobbying filing, federal contract recipient record or [[Federal Election Commission]] contributor under the name ENNEA, Ennea LLC or Skywatcher was found in searches of October 3 to 4, 2026, and the company files no public Form 990 on the Florida record. No source names the patrons.[^11]

 ### Footnotes

--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Ignite
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Ignite
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ relations:
    start: 2025-05-08
    role: "Ignite Fueling Innovation, Inc. Federal Political Action Committee (C00830901), $2,500 to Susie Lee for Congress"
    fn: 11
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[JBS Solutions]]"
    start: 2024-07-29
    role: "mentor in a Small Business Administration mentor-protege agreement (naics 541715), protege JBS Solutions, Inc. (EDWOSB, WOSB, 8(a))"
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ Largest awards by type:
 - Army, TRAC and White Sands: contract W91QF407D0004 (May 3, 2007, $0 obligated at the contract level) is described as "TRAC-WSMR missions related to analysis, studies, modeling, simulation and information technology." Orders under it and later vehicles carry descriptions such as "ONESAF scenario modeling and exercise support" (order 0043, $1,266,116, 2009 to 2010), "Combat XXI support" (order 0060, $1,951,043, 2011 to 2012), "Brigade combat team analysis support service" (order 0024, $773,937, 2008), "JIEDDO modeling and simulation support" (order 0036, $266,650, 2009), "Analytical engineering support services" (W9115122F0264, $1,158,538, June 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023), "Labor - TRAC WSMR CombatXXI" (W9115124F0091, $1,081,193, May 1, 2024 to April 30, 2025) and "TRAC security task order" (W9115125F0060, $620,383, 2025).[^22]
 - Air Force: FA877119F0021, $36,220,973, May 29, 2019 to November 28, 2024, "Transportation Family of Systems (Trans FOS)"; FA877125F0010, $11,262,704, November 29, 2024 to August 31, 2026, "support services for the cargo and personnel movement product line"; and FA460025F0048, $4,255,740, May 16, 2025 to March 31, 2027, "Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Ops Center."[^22]

-Of 151 award records read under the recipient name, the only description containing an intelligence term is one 2011 Army order of $849,933 described as "IEW support." No award description names the Defense Intelligence Agency, the [[Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program]], the [[All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office]] or unidentified anomalous phenomena, and no NASA Marshall Space Flight Center award appeared. No document opened ties any award to Redstone Arsenal.[^22]
+Of 151 award records read under the recipient name, the only description containing an intelligence term is one 2011 Army order of $849,933 described as "IEW support." No award description names the Defense Intelligence Agency, the [[Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program]], the [[All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office]] or unidentified anomalous phenomena, and no NASA Marshall Space Flight Center award appeared.[^22]

 ### Federal registration identifiers

--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Mile
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Mile
@ -18,31 +18,11 @@ alias:
 summary: "Texas limited liability company chartered February 26, 2014 at Sierra Blanca; the name appears in Raytheon's October 2015 Pike munition release and in 2025 and 2026 FCC filings for a range on Skunk Canyon Road."
 location: "Sierra Blanca, Texas"
 relations:
-  - type: hosted
-    with: "[[Raytheon]]"
-    start: 2015-10-12
-    role: "Pike 40 mm guided-munition flight tests 'at Mile High Resources in Texas' (Raytheon release datelined Tucson, October 12, 2015); Next Generation Short Range Interceptor radio filings of 2025 and 2026 naming the 'Mile High Resources Range, 2000 Skunk Canyon Rd.'"
-    fn: 7
-  - type: part_of
+  - type: member_of
    with: "[[Sierra Blanca, Texas]]"
    start: 2014-02-26
    role: "chartered with a Sierra Blanca taxpayer address; the Mile High Resources Range lies inside the airspace polygon of FAA notice 5/3497"
    fn: 1
-  - type: hosted
-    with: "[[RADA Technologies]]"
-    start: 2023-07-14
-    role: "radar product tests at the 'Mile High Range in Texas' for customer BAE, special temporary authority WV9XWE (1443-EX-ST-2023, requested August 1, 2023 to January 1, 2024); earlier filing 0384-EX-ST-2023 (February 20, 2023) names 'Mile High'"
-    fn: 13
-  - type: licensed_by
-    with: "[[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]]"
-    start: 2026-09
-    role: "Mile High Ordnance, LLC listed on the September 2026 Texas Federal Firearms Licensee list with licence type code 10 (defined on the ATF application form as manufacturer of destructive devices, ammunition for destructive devices or armor piercing ammunition) at 201 Four Section Road, Sierra Blanca"
-    fn: 2
-  - type: shares_mailbox_with
-    with: "[[Walker's Flying W Ranch]]"
-    start: 2018-08-03
-    role: "FCC licence WRBZ759 of Walker's Flying W Ranch, LLC gives the same post office box and a milehighresources.com e-mail domain"
-    fn: 4
 created: 2026-10-04
 updated: 2026-10-04
 ---
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Modern
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Modern
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ relations:
    start: 2026-09-02
    role: "announced position on the Defense Intelligence Agency's Contract Operations for Missile Evaluation and Testing (COMET) vehicle"
    fn: 14
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[General Services Administration]]"
    start: 2026-09-08
    role: "order 47QFSA26F0035 (MES III) under OASIS+ contract 47QRCA25DU655, description citing the ESOP pilot authority of sections 874 and 872"
@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ relations:
    start: 2017-10-30
    role: "prime on contracts HQ014718C0003 (signed October 30, 2017) and HQ086020C0006 (signed September 17, 2020)"
    fn: 15
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Leidos]]"
    start: 2025-04-09
    role: "prime on NOVASTAR order FA860425FB121, with a subaward to Leidos, Inc. of $9,696,280.59 reported April 9, 2025; five Leidos subaward rows totaling $29,404,516.34 across NOVASTAR orders"
    fn: 12
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[HII Mission Technologies]]"
    start: 2018-02-15
    role: "subawardee ('TECHNICAL SERVICES', subaward DSC3105-B) under General Services Administration award GS05T13BMC0003, 'Foreign Materiel Exploitation Engineering and Maintenance Support' funded by the National Air and Space Intelligence Center"
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Radiance
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Radiance
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ relations:
    start: 2002-04-05
    role: "Radiance Technologies, Inc. Political Action Committee disbursements totaling $65,300 in 22 records to Robert Aderholt for Congress through October 27, 2023"
    fn: 71
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Honeywell]]"
    start: 2023
    role: "alleged in Radiance's complaints against Heath Berry and Jade Baker: subcontract negotiations and preliminary work with Honeywell on a program called Looking Glass, ended by a Honeywell stop-work order after Baker left Radiance in 2023"
@ -115,12 +115,12 @@ relations:
    start: 2024-07-12
    role: "sole-source awards SPRRA224C0020 ($15 million ceiling, July 12, 2024) and SPRRA226C0009 ($149,683,593.02, April 10, 2026) for range work at the Reagan Test Site"
    fn: 51
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Ignite Fueling Innovation]]"
    start: 2024-05-23
    role: "mentor in an SBA mentor-protege agreement (NAICS 541512, protege certifications SDVOSB and VOSB); Ignite subawardee to Radiance in 2013 and 2026"
    fn: 17
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Offset Strategic Services]]"
    start: 2024-11-04
    role: "mentor in an SBA mentor-protege agreement (NAICS 541715, protege certifications SDVOSB and VOSB)"
@ -185,22 +185,22 @@ relations:
    end: 2023
    role: "listed as an affiliated organization on Venn Strategies' lobbying reports for the Roundtable (amended 2019 reports filed December 4, 2020 through the first-quarter 2023 report)"
    fn: 83
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Warren Averett]]"
    start: 2016
    role: "independent accountant for the Radiance Technologies, Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Plan on Schedule H of the Form 5500 for plan years 2016 through 2024 (spelled Warren Averitt on the 2020 to 2024 filings)"
    fn: 58
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Peraton]]"
    start: 2023-06-02
    role: "team member on the Peraton 'SCAR' task order ($284 million, one-year base and four option years) under the Defense Intelligence Agency Solutions for Intelligence Analysis 3 program for the Missile and Space Intelligence Center"
    fn: 13
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Science Applications International Corporation]]"
    start: 2026-09-09
    role: "position on a COMET team led by SAIC, as stated in Radiance's release of September 9, 2026 and SAIC's Form 8-K exhibit of August 31, 2026"
    fn: 15
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[HII Mission Technologies]]"
    start: 2017-09-14
    role: "subawardee ('TECHNICAL SERVICES', subaward DSC3104B, eleven rows) under General Services Administration award GS05T13BMC0003, 'Foreign Materiel Exploitation Engineering and Maintenance Support'"
@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ The same article states that Liberation Times "has been unable to further substa

 ### Political contributions

-The [[Federal Election Commission]] lists Radiance Technologies, Inc. Political Action Committee (C00372979, nonqualified PAC, first filed February 12, 2002). Its Schedule B disbursements to Mike Rogers for Congress (C00367862, an Alabama committee whose candidate identifier H2AL03032 is that of Michael Rogers, Alabama, House district 3) total $37,100 across 15 records from September 9, 2003 to February 5, 2024, the last four of $5,000 each (March 13, 2019; February 19, 2020; October 12, 2021; February 5, 2024). Disbursements to [[Citizens for Turner]] (C00373001, an Ohio committee whose candidate identifier H2OH03067 is that of Michael R. Turner, Ohio, House district 10) total $51,250 across 20 records (August 10, 2007 to June 18, 2024). Disbursements to Turner Victory Fund (C00611962, registered in Georgia as a joint fundraising committee, no sponsoring candidate listed in the FEC record) total $25,000 across 5 records (October 1, 2020 to June 23, 2025); no record opened ties that committee to Mike Turner. Two other recipients matched the search term "Rogers," Hal Rogers for Congress ($10,000) and an individual-named committee ($1,000), and are excluded. Liberation Times stated that "since 2010, over $30,000 was given by Radiance Technologies to Representative Rogers and over $60,000 to Representative Turner."[^22][^23]
+The [[Federal Election Commission]] lists Radiance Technologies, Inc. Political Action Committee (C00372979, nonqualified PAC, first filed February 12, 2002). Its Schedule B disbursements to Mike Rogers for Congress (C00367862, an Alabama committee whose candidate identifier H2AL03032 is that of Michael Rogers, Alabama, House district 3) total $37,100 across 15 records from September 9, 2003 to February 5, 2024, the last four of $5,000 each (March 13, 2019; February 19, 2020; October 12, 2021; February 5, 2024). Disbursements to [[Citizens for Turner]] (C00373001, an Ohio committee whose candidate identifier H2OH03067 is that of Michael R. Turner, Ohio, House district 10) total $51,250 across 20 records (August 10, 2007 to June 18, 2024). Disbursements to Turner Victory Fund (C00611962, registered in Georgia as a joint fundraising committee, no sponsoring candidate listed in the FEC record) total $25,000 across 5 records (October 1, 2020 to June 23, 2025). Two other recipients matched the search term "Rogers," Hal Rogers for Congress ($10,000) and an individual-named committee ($1,000), and are excluded. Liberation Times stated that "since 2010, over $30,000 was given by Radiance Technologies to Representative Rogers and over $60,000 to Representative Turner."[^22][^23]

 ### Bid protest

--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Sky
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Sky
@ -27,11 +27,6 @@ relations:
    reverse: true
    role: "co-founder and financier, per NewsNation; registered the skywatcher.ai domain in his name in December 2024, per the UAP Files writer Jimmy"
    fn: 2
-  - type: hosted
-    with: "[[All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office]]"
-    role: "NewsNation reported on April 7, 2025 that Skywatcher said it had hosted AARO representatives at its private base; no AARO statement on the visit was located"
-    start: 2025-04
-    fn: 3
  - type: subject_of
    with: "[[NewsNation]]"
    role: "NewsNation reporting by Ross Coulthart, January 2025 to August 2026"
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Sol
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Sol
@ -85,25 +85,6 @@ relations:
    start: 2023-09-15
    role: "San Francisco law firm; a paralegal of the firm prepared the Articles of Dissolution of the Alabama corporation"
    fn: 11
-  - type: designator_of
-    with: "[[Garry Nolan]]"
-    reverse: true
-    start: 2023-08-17
-    role: "Designator of the California corporation under the Bylaws (Article III, Section 1); named in the amendment clause of the original Articles of July 7, 2023"
-    fn: 9
-  - type: designator_of
-    with: "[[Peter Skafish]]"
-    reverse: true
-    start: 2023-08-17
-    role: "Designator of the California corporation under the Bylaws (Article III, Section 1); named in the amendment clause of the original Articles of July 7, 2023; secretary signing the Certificate of Amendment and Restatement"
-    fn: 9
-  - type: named_approver_of
-    with: "[[David Grusch]]"
-    reverse: true
-    start: 2023-07-07
-    end: 2023-08-17
-    role: "named, as 'Dave Grusch,' with Nolan and Skafish in the amendment-approval clause of the original Articles of Incorporation (File No. 5810665); the clause was replaced on August 17, 2023"
-    fn: 9
 created: 2026-10-03
 updated: 2026-10-04
 ---
@ -162,7 +143,7 @@ The expense lines include $117,000 for management fees, $269,797 for conferences

 Schedule I lists one grant to an individual: $10,000 as a "research grant for white paper on geopolitical implications of unidentified anomalous phenomena." Its supplemental statement says the organization grants funds to experts "in exchange for white papers," that grantees are selected by the board of directors and that the papers are published on its website. Schedule O describes the November 22 to 23, 2024 symposium at the [[Fort Mason Center]] in [[San Francisco]].[^7]

-The [[UAP Disclosure Fund]], a San Francisco 501(c)(4) in care of [[Yuan Fung]] (EIN 99-2834592, IRS ruling date July 2025), has Fung as its executive director on the November 12, 2024 scientists' letter to Congress that Nolan, Skafish, Pasulka, Gallaudet and others signed, and Gallaudet's House biography lists him as an advisory board member of both the Fund and the Sol Foundation.[^26][^23] The [[Sol Foundation Inc]] of [[Carmel, Indiana]] (EIN 99-3863647; 1051 Oswego Road, in care of [[Lawrence Baker]]; IRS ruling date August 2024; private non-operating foundation) is a separate entity. Its Form 990-PF for the period December 24 to December 31, 2024 (submitted November 14, 2025; prepared by [[L M Henderson & Company LLP]] of [[Indianapolis]]) reports $25,000,000 in contributions received, $17,976 in interest and dividends, $89,482 in expenses, $24,928,494 in assets, no grants paid, and three directors, Lawrence Baker, [[Patricia Baker]] and [[Charles Hertlein]], each at one hour a week and unpaid. It lists no website and a telephone number in the 513 area code. Nothing in that filing refers to unidentified anomalous phenomena, to the California corporation or to any of its officers, and no document opened for this entry links the two organizations.[^27]
+The [[UAP Disclosure Fund]], a San Francisco 501(c)(4) in care of [[Yuan Fung]] (EIN 99-2834592, IRS ruling date July 2025), has Fung as its executive director on the November 12, 2024 scientists' letter to Congress that Nolan, Skafish, Pasulka, Gallaudet and others signed, and Gallaudet's House biography lists him as an advisory board member of both the Fund and the Sol Foundation.[^26][^23] The [[Sol Foundation Inc]] of [[Carmel, Indiana]] (EIN 99-3863647; 1051 Oswego Road, in care of [[Lawrence Baker]]; IRS ruling date August 2024; private non-operating foundation) is a separate entity. Its Form 990-PF for the period December 24 to December 31, 2024 (submitted November 14, 2025; prepared by [[L M Henderson & Company LLP]] of [[Indianapolis]]) reports $25,000,000 in contributions received, $17,976 in interest and dividends, $89,482 in expenses, $24,928,494 in assets, no grants paid, and three directors, Lawrence Baker, [[Patricia Baker]] and [[Charles Hertlein]], each at one hour a week and unpaid. It lists no website and a telephone number in the 513 area code. Nothing in that filing refers to unidentified anomalous phenomena, to the California corporation or to any of its officers.[^27]

 No filing under the client name Sol Foundation appears in the [[United States Senate]] lobbying disclosure database, and no contribution record under the names of Skafish, Berte or Mindrila appears in the Federal Election Commission database.[^28]

--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Southern
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Southern
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ relations:
    role: "Series A preferred purchaser: 1,142,857 shares for $499,999.94 (April 10, 2013) and 285,714 shares for $124,999.87 (July 23, 2013); 4.50 percent of the company with options on January 4, 2018"
    start: 2013-04-10
    fn: 12
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[CVAFH I LLC]]"
    role: "co-purchaser in the AdFin Series A closing set of July 23, 2013, and co-consenting holder on the December 26, 2013 bridge-loan stockholder consent"
    start: 2013-07-23
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Ulster
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Ulster
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ By December 2013 its list included [[John Harvey]]'s *Race and Equality: The Nat

 ### Mankind Quarterly

-Mankind Quarterly's own history states that it was published in [[Edinburgh]] from 1961, by the Council for Social and Economic Studies in Washington, "chaired by [[Roger Pearson]]," from 1979 to 2014, and from January 2015 by "the Ulster Institute for Social Research, a non-profit organization in London, England."[^2][^7] The editorial panel in April 2015 listed [[Gerhard Meisenberg]] of [[Dominica]] as editor-in-chief and Lynn of Bristol as assistant editor, with an advisory board that included [[Jüri Allik]], [[Salah Eldin Farah Attallah Bakhiet]], [[Adel Batterjee]], Jelena Čvorović, Edward Dutton, [[Lee Ellis]], [[Aurelio José Figueredo]], Edward M. Miller of [[New Orleans]] and [[Goran Štrkalj]].[^2] The panel in August 2020 listed Lynn as editor-in-chief.[^7] The Pioneer Fund's returns list an Edward Miller as secretary-treasurer; the records opened do not state whether he is the Edward M. Miller of the journal's board.[^7][^21]
+Mankind Quarterly's own history states that it was published in [[Edinburgh]] from 1961, by the Council for Social and Economic Studies in Washington, "chaired by [[Roger Pearson]]," from 1979 to 2014, and from January 2015 by "the Ulster Institute for Social Research, a non-profit organization in London, England."[^2][^7] The editorial panel in April 2015 listed [[Gerhard Meisenberg]] of [[Dominica]] as editor-in-chief and Lynn of Bristol as assistant editor, with an advisory board that included [[Jüri Allik]], [[Salah Eldin Farah Attallah Bakhiet]], [[Adel Batterjee]], Jelena Čvorović, Edward Dutton, [[Lee Ellis]], [[Aurelio José Figueredo]], Edward M. Miller of [[New Orleans]] and [[Goran Štrkalj]].[^2] The panel in August 2020 listed Lynn as editor-in-chief.[^7] The Pioneer Fund's returns list an Edward Miller as secretary-treasurer.[^7][^21]

 ### Officers and Advisers

@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ The institute's website in February 2017 listed Lynn as president, [[Sophy Carro

 [[University College London]]'s investigation report on the London Conference on Intelligence, drafted in January 2018 and released in redacted form in March 2020, states that the conferences ran on the campus between 2014 and 2017 without the university's knowledge, hosted by an honorary senior lecturer, and that they were booked and paid for as an external event. The report records 16 talks in 2015, 19 in 2016 and 22 in 2017, with 13 of the 2017 presentations from people who had presented in the two previous years, and names Thompson as the organizer who paid the room charges himself.[^31]

-[[London Student]] reported in January 2018 that Lynn, as president of the Ulster Institute, spoke at the 2015 and 2016 conferences along with four of the six members of the institute's academic advisory council, that Thompson was a member of the council, and that 82 percent of those who spoke at both the 2015 and 2016 conferences were directly associated with the institute or Mankind Quarterly. It reported that John Fuerst, "a fellow of the UISR," spoke in 2015 and 2016, and that Emil Kirkegaard attended all four conferences and designed the conference website.[^32] The Human Phenome Diversity Foundation's returns list a John Fuerst as vice president; the records opened do not state that he is the same person.[^22][^23]
+[[London Student]] reported in January 2018 that Lynn, as president of the Ulster Institute, spoke at the 2015 and 2016 conferences along with four of the six members of the institute's academic advisory council, that Thompson was a member of the council, and that 82 percent of those who spoke at both the 2015 and 2016 conferences were directly associated with the institute or Mankind Quarterly. It reported that John Fuerst, "a fellow of the UISR," spoke in 2015 and 2016, and that Emil Kirkegaard attended all four conferences and designed the conference website.[^32] The Human Phenome Diversity Foundation's returns list a John Fuerst as vice president.[^22][^23]

 ### Ulster University

--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Urramoor
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Urramoor
@ -17,26 +17,17 @@ alias:
 summary: "English private limited company no. 08424933, incorporated February 28, 2013 and dissolved April 1, 2025, named in a 2013 Cantor Fitzgerald term sheet and listing \"Hrh Andrew Inverness\" among its persons with significant control."
 location: "London, United Kingdom"
 relations:
-  - type: person_with_significant_control
+  - type: owned
    with: "[[Prince Andrew]]"
+    reverse: true
    start: 2016-04-06
    role: 'listed on the Companies House register of persons with significant control as "Hrh Andrew Inverness," notified April 6, 2016, nature of control "Has significant influence or control over the trustees of a trust"'
    fn: 3
-  - type: negotiated_with
+  - type: partner_of
    with: "[[Cantor Fitzgerald]]"
    start: 2013-08-29
-    role: 'named as the second partner in the August 29, 2013 term sheet for a joint venture to be known as Cantor Urramoor Asset Management (preliminary draft; "not a commitment to form the Company")'
+    role: 'named as the second partner in the August 29, 2013 preliminary term sheet for Cantor Urramoor Asset Management ("not a commitment to form the Company")'
    fn: 5
-  - type: negotiated_with
-    with: "[[Cantor Opportunities]]"
-    start: 2013-11
-    role: 'party "Urramoor Limited" ("UML") to a draft "Agreement for Referrals" dated "as of the day of November, 2013," with blank signature blocks'
-    fn: 8
-  - type: negotiated_with
-    with: "[[Cantor Fitzgerald]]"
-    start: 2013-11-14
-    role: 'draft agreement with the file name "LEGAL-#67891-v1-UML_Cantor_agreement_re_asset_management.docx," sent November 14, 2013 by a Cantor Fitzgerald managing director and deputy general counsel in a message addressed "David," which David Stern forwarded to Jeffrey Epstein at 7:36 PM'
-    fn: 9
  - type: subject_of
    with: "[[BBC]]"
    start: 2026-07-14
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Walker's
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Walker's
@ -15,19 +15,13 @@ alias:
 summary: "Sierra Blanca limited liability company registered in 2007; holder of FCC licence WRBZ759 in the Quitman Mountains and payee of a 2014 sole-source International Boundary and Water Commission award for radio tower site access."
 location: "Sierra Blanca, Texas"
 relations:
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[International Boundary and Water Commission]]"
    start: 2014-09-10
    end: 2019-08-31
    role: "sole-source agreement IBM14P0145, $13,301.40, access to the Quitman Mountain site for maintenance of a radio tower and equipment for the American Dam Field Office"
    fn: 4
-  - type: licensed_by
-    with: "[[Federal Communications Commission]]"
-    start: 2018-08-03
-    end: 2028-08-03
-    role: "Industrial/Business Pool licence WRBZ759 (base station 152.315 MHz) at a pole site in the Quitman Mountains"
-    fn: 2
-  - type: part_of
+  - type: member_of
    with: "[[Sierra Blanca, Texas]]"
    start: 2007-09-24
    role: "registered with the Texas Secretary of State with a Sierra Blanca taxpayer address"
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/WiSC
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/WiSC
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ alias:
 summary: "Chantilly, Virginia veteran-owned ISR and GEOINT support firm, founded in 2008, whose June 2026 posting for a Wright-Patterson analyst lists Foreign Materiel Exploitation among its NASIC mission areas."
 location: "Chantilly, Virginia"
 relations:
-  - type: contracted_with
+  - type: contractor_to
    with: "[[Alion Science and Technology]]"
    start: 2016-06-16
    role: "subawardee, subaward STM1241301-000, $238,986.15, on Alion award 0085 (AFRL Rome, collection management)"