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category: "Foreign Government"
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tags:
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- Organization
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- SovietUnion
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- AcademyOfSciences
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- RadioEngineering
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- Psychoenergetics
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- Biofield
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- Psychokinesis
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- ColdWar
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aliases:
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- Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics
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- Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics
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- Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics
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- Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the USSR Academy of Sciences
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- IRE
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- IRE AN SSSR
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- IRE RAS
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- IRE Academy of Sciences
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- IRE imeni V. A. Kotelnikova
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- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics
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- Institut radiotekhniki i elektroniki
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summary: "Moscow Academy of Sciences institute led by Vladimir Kotelnikov, home of Yuri Kobzarev's 1975 to 1978 psychoenergetics review and of a 1981 to 1985 state laboratory on physical fields of biological objects."
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location: "Moscow, Soviet Union"
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start: 1953
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relations:
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- type: member_of
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with: "[[Soviet Academy of Sciences]]"
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start: 1953
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role: "radio engineering institute of the Academy, created in 1953 with Vladimir Kotelnikov as deputy director and, from 1954, director"
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fn: 1
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- type: subject_of
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with: "[[Defense Intelligence Agency]]"
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start: 1982-03-22
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role: "named in the report The Soviet Psychoenergetics Research Program as the Academy institute where considerable psychoenergetics research was known to occur"
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fn: 5
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- type: participant_in
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with: "[[Kobzarev Commission]]"
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start: 1975
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end: 1978
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role: "the DIA stated that key members of the review commission were leading scientists and directors of the institute"
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fn: 5
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created: 2026-10-05
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updated: 2026-10-05
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---
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The Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IRE) of the [[Soviet Academy of Sciences]] was created in 1953. [[Vladimir Kotelnikov]] was elected a full member of the Academy that year, was named deputy director of the new institute, and became its director in 1954; his work there included the first radar mapping of planets, for which he and collaborators received the Lenin Prize in 1964.[^1] The physicist [[Yuri Gulyaev]] entered its graduate program in 1958 after the [[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]], became a corresponding member of the Academy in 1979 and a full member in 1984, and was director of the institute by 1995.[^2] [[Yuri Kobzarev]], the radar pioneer, worked there from 1955 part time, headed a department from 1968 and became an adviser to the directorate in 1980; a biography of him in the [[Heroes of the Country]] database states that "on his initiative" a scientific and engineering center for biomedical radioelectronics was created at the institute, "whose task was the study of the human organism by radiophysical methods."[^3] The physicist [[Alexander Taratorin]], who worked in its biological-fields laboratory, wrote in 1997 that the institute had a [[Moscow]] part on Marx Prospect and a closed part at [[Fryazino]] with more than a thousand staff, and that its work covered electronics, semiconductor physics, radar of the planets of the solar system and radar mapping of Venus.[^4]
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### Review commission of 1975 to 1978
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A report of the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] dated March 22, 1982 stated that "key members of the special review commission that recommended creation of the [[Bioelectronics Section]] are leading scientists/directors in the IRE and have leading positions with the USSR Academy of Sciences." The commission began its activities in 1975, was chaired by Kobzarev, described in a footnote as "Member, Academy of Sciences, and leading radar researcher at the Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics (IRE), Moscow," and was "under the direction of V. A. Kotel'nikov, vice president of the Academy of Science and director of IRE." Its members included directors and deputy directors of institutes, members of the Academy, and Party officials; the report concluded that its composition suggested a Scientific Problems Council appointed by the Academy or by the [[State Committee for Science and Technology]]. It spanned about three years, reviewed earlier work, in particular that of the [[Popov Society]] laboratory under [[I. M. Kogan]], "arranged experiments and took part in them as observers," and produced documents on the validity of the phenomena, among them a statement signed by Kobzarev in 1978 and a similar one signed by Kotelnikov, Kobzarev and others affirming the reality of psychokinetic phenomena.[^5] The commission's recommendations led to a resolution of the [[Popov Society]] of October 31, 1978 (Protocol No. 14) creating a Bioelectronics Section, chaired by the philosopher and corresponding member of the Academy [[Alexander Spirkin]], whose bureau included a representative of the missile design bureau [[VYMPEL]] and three [[Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union|Ministry of Defense]] members, two of them colonels.[^5]
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The same DIA report stated that the institute "became actively involved in psychoenergetics research in 1977 or 1978," that since then "IRE's main research has been centered on psychokinetic phenomena," with Deputy Director Gulyaev the principal investigator using acoustic, electromagnetic, ultraviolet and infrared sensors, and that experiments with [[Ninel Kulagina]] "and with healers (probably including Davitashvili)" were said to be positive in that sensors showed signals coincident with attempts. The intended effects included moving non-metallic objects, influencing a surface acoustic wave device and producing images on sealed photographic plates. It added that in 1977 Gulyaev visited a U.S. parapsychology laboratory and said remote viewing would also be examined at his facility.[^5] A DIA briefing for the U.S. Air Force in June and July 1987 was described in DIA's cover note as reviewing Soviet research "with emphasis on the recent integrated efforts of several U.S.S.R Academy of Science laboratories," and its slides reproduced Kobzarev's and Kotelnikov's statements on Kulagina.[^6]
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### Laboratory of physical fields of biological objects, 1981 to 1985
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The physicist [[Eduard Godik]] wrote that in the autumn of 1981 a group of ministry officials and senior scientists met in the office of Gulyaev, then deputy director, and were told of a Party instruction to look into healers and psychics; he drafted a program within a weekend, proposing to use the passive remote-sensing methods developed at the institute "under the direction of Academician V. A. Kotel'nikov" to map the physical fields and radiations of the human body in six channels.[^7] The journalist [[Lev Kolodny]] reported in 1990 and later that the program began with the support of the [[Gosplan]] chairman [[Nikolai Baibakov]], the academicians [[Guriy Marchuk]] (chairman of the State Committee for Science and Technology) and [[Anatoly Aleksandrov]] (president of the Academy), and Kotelnikov; a [[Central Intelligence Agency]] news abstract of Kolodny's article in [[Moskovskaya Pravda]] of October 10, 1990 records that Baibakov backed the project over objections from the health minister and the president of the [[Academy of Medical Sciences of the Soviet Union|Academy of Medical Sciences]], that Baibakov persuaded General Secretary [[Leonid Brezhnev]] the research was worthwhile, and that [[Dzhuna Davitashvili]] received permission to reside in Moscow.[^8] The abstract states that two groups were formed, one under Godik at IRE and one under Rakhimov in the physics school of [[Moscow State University]], and that demonstrations with an infrared imager and a computer convinced Baibakov, Aleksandrov and Kotelnikov that she had infrared detection capability; an order signed by Aleksandrov and the health minister then directed Academy staff to continue the work and Academy of Medical Sciences staff to study the "D" phenomenon therapeutically. The group received equipment for measurements in seven channels (electric and magnetic fields, infrared, radiothermal, optical and acoustic radiation, and chemical fields), and the abstract states that its work was interrupted in April 1985, a suspension that Kolodny linked to the death of Brezhnev and changes in Party leadership.[^8]
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Kolodny quoted Gulyaev as saying that Marchuk summoned him and the physicist [[Yevgeny Velikhov]] and said Brezhnev had asked whether Dzhuna was "treating or maiming" him, that the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]] secretary [[Andrei Kirilenko]] asked what they needed, and that Velikhov answered "a million dollars and ten million rubles apiece," which was granted at once. Kolodny stated that the laboratory occupied a building in Starosadsky Pereulok.[^9][^10] Taratorin wrote in 1997 that the Central Committee call was made to Kotelnikov, that the laboratory was assigned to Gulyaev and led by Godik from room 14 of the institute's basement, that the funds were foreign currency and staff positions of about half a million dollars, and that the [[Politburo]]'s assignment was to investigate Dzhuna's healing effect and report to the forthcoming Party congress. He wrote that Dzhuna was enrolled in secret as a senior researcher, the Politburo having first favored a professorship, which Kotelnikov insisted on lowering.[^11] Kolodny wrote that she was enrolled without a dissertation at a salary of 180 rubles a month.[^9]
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The laboratory published an interview with Gulyaev and Godik, "Physical Fields of Biological Objects," in the [[Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR]] (no. 8, 1983), of which Kotelnikov was listed in his obituary as chief editor, and a paper in [[Doklady Akademii Nauk]] on the sensitivity of human skin to infrared thermal flows.[^12][^13] Kolodny wrote that the editor of the Vestnik, after visiting the laboratory, asked the authors to cut the paragraph explaining the phenomena, on the ground that readers would conclude that "science had confirmed" them, and that Dzhuna's name was left out.[^10] The scientific results Godik later described were that the infrared thermal radiation of the hand lies within the sensitivity of human skin, that a healer's effect could be accounted for by sensing and responding to weak signals below conscious thresholds, and, in the account of Kolodny quoting Godik's book, that after Dzhuna's passes the disturbed circulation in the feet of a patient with endarteritis was practically restored, and that in a later test patients with the same disease were treated by a qigong master who sat on a chair for half an hour, circulation in the foot being fully restored.[^7][^10] Godik and Gulyaev explained Kulagina's effects in terms of electrically charged sweat from her palms.[^10][^14]
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The newspaper [[Izvestiya]] described the laboratory in public on July 3, 1986, in an article by its science observer B. Konovalov: a laboratory of radioelectronic methods of investigating biological objects had been organized "especially," headed by the physicist E. E. Godik, a specialist in infrared detection, with an institute group under Gulyaev having studied Dzhuna Davitashvili "in greater detail in Moscow" and "willingly cooperated." It described the passive remote sounding methods the institute had used on soil moisture and the stars, and reported that in her "working regime" the physical fields near the wrists of "extrasenses, primarily Ye. Yu. Davitashvili," showed changed infrared radiation, a rise in very weak optical luminescence, an increased magnetic field and low-frequency electric oscillations; that a human hand notes at several centimeters a heat flow equal to a rise of several tenths of a degree in another person's body temperature; and that when a glass wall opaque to infrared was placed between patient and healer the patient's skin did not warm. It added that "at the beginning of 1978 a group of Moscow scientists headed by academician Yu. B. Kobzarev investigated" Kulagina, with Gulyaev detecting acoustic clicks, and closed by saying that talk of "mysticism, quackery, and the notorious biofield" at general meetings of the Academy only hampered a constructive approach.[^15]
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In September 1983 [[Russell Targ]], [[Keith Harary]] and Targ's daughter [[Elisabeth Targ|Elisabeth]] visited Moscow on an invitation from the Academy, and Gulyaev received them at the institute, in an office "overlooking [[Gorky Park]]." They wrote that he and Godik were measuring the electromagnetic and visible radiation emitted by the human body and had counted photons with a spectrometer, finding "some physical evidence" for auras, and that he gave them a copy of Kogan's book on applied information theory.[^16] Taratorin wrote that Targ and "[[Edwin May]]" visited around 1983, that "the first department" of the institute took exception, that they were not admitted to the laboratory, and that Gulyaev and Godik steered the conversation to the physical fields around any biological object and showed two open publications in Doklady.[^11] Taratorin also wrote that after 1983 generals and admirals visited the basement, that a colonel presented a lecture on irradiating the psyche of an enemy army with a radar antenna, and that the KGB proposed viewing the General Secretary's face remotely by infrared camera.[^11] Kolodny described a photograph taken at the laboratory door in September 1985 of Aleksandrov, Kotelnikov and Baibakov, who he wrote were briefed for four hours on the results.[^17]
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### Later accounts
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At a joint session of the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Medical Sciences the physicist [[Yakov Zeldovich]] criticized the philosopher Alexander Spirkin, who had led a public laboratory studying the phenomena, saying that "scientists, especially members of the Academy, should not succumb to hypnosis even on the part of healers," and Aleksandrov added that "members of the Academy of Sciences may not support pseudoscientific directions," according to Kolodny.[^9] Godik emigrated to the United States in 1993 and Taratorin and other laboratory members went to California; Taratorin wrote that he hoped "science will someday return to research like that begun in Moscow in 1982."[^9][^11] Kolodny wrote in 2016 that he had learned the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences consulted Gulyaev about Dzhuna and that Gulyaev stated there had been no Dzhuna phenomenon apart perhaps from an ability to influence a person.[^10] The engineer [[Serge Kernbach]], in a 2013 review of Russian open sources, described a Central Committee and [[Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union|Council of Ministers]] resolution No. 137-47 of January 27, 1986 on a program for "management of living objects" and a Center of Non-Traditional Technologies formed by Decree No. 724 of December 22, 1989; he stated that the 1986 text is not public and quoted a note of May 1991 from the academician [[Evgeny Aleksandrov|E. B. Aleksandrov]] to the [[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union|Supreme Soviet]]'s science committee that from the mid-1980s defense agencies and the KGB financed "disjointed pseudoscientific closed developments" on communication, weapons and drug-free influence on humans, consolidated in 1986 in a Council of Ministers document.[^18]
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: "In memory of V. A. Kotel'nikov," *Automation and Remote Control* 66, no. 4 (2005), pp. 674-675. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10513-005-0111-4.pdf
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[^2]: "Yuri Vasilyevich Gulyaev (on his 60th birthday)," *Akusticheskiy Zhurnal* 42, no. 2 (1996), pp. 293-294. https://www.akzh.ru/pdf/1996_2_293-294.pdf
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[^3]: "Kobzarev Yuri Borisovich," Heroes of the Country (Geroi Strany), biography by Sergei Kargapoltsev. http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=14432
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[^4]: Alexander Taratorin, "Nevydumannaya istoriya ekstrasensov v Rossii" (1997), lib.ru. http://lib.ru/ZHURNAL/istoria.txt_with-big-pictures.html Sole source for the passages so cited, written by a member of the laboratory.
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[^5]: Defense Intelligence Agency, Defense Technical Intelligence Report DST-1810D-948-82-RPT-4, "The Soviet Psychoenergetics Research Program (U)," March 22, 1982, sections I.B, II.A, III.A-B and Appendix II, declassified in part 2011, NSA-RDP96X00790R000100020003-3. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-nsa-rdp96x00790r000100020003-3
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[^6]: Henry E. Shinol, Headquarters USAF, to the Defense Intelligence Agency, "Soviet Parapsychology Research Briefing," June 12, 1987, DIA note of July 14, 1987 and slides "Soviet Activities in Psychoenergetics," CIA-RDP96-00789R002600320001-8 to -004-5. https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP96-00789R002600320004-5
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[^7]: "Professor Eduard Godik ob ekstrasensakh s tochki zreniya fiziki," FIAN-Inform, report on the presentation of Godik's book *Zagadka ekstrasensov: chto uvideli fiziki* at the Lebedev Physical Institute. http://www.fian-inform.ru/sobytiya-i-meropriyatiya/item/334-professor-eduard-godik-ob-ekstrasensakh-s-tochki-zreniya-fiziki
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[^8]: Lev Kolodny, "Biofield Researchers' Equipment, Support from Country's Leaders Noted," *Moskovskaya Pravda*, October 10, 1990, no. 232, p. 3, as abstracted in the Daily SNAP (item SNAP 901023), CIA-RDP96-00792R000500470003-9. https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP96-00792R000500470003-9
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[^9]: Lev Kolodny, preface to *Dzhuna. Tayna velikoy tselitelnitsy* (first published as *Fenomen "D" i drugie*, Politizdat, 1991). https://mybook.ru/author/lev-kolodnyj/dzhuna-tajna-velikoj-celitelnicy/read/
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[^10]: Lev Kolodny, "Mify i pravda o Dzhune," *Moskovsky Komsomolets*, October 14, 2016. https://www.mk.ru/social/2016/10/14/mify-i-pravda-o-dzhune-esli-ne-izvinitsya-to-zadumatsya.html
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[^11]: Taratorin (note 4). Sole source for the passages so cited.
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[^12]: A. I. Kozlova, interview with Yu. V. Gulyaev and E. E. Godik, "Fizicheskie polya biologicheskikh obektov," *Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR*, no. 8 (1983), as listed in the bibliography of Serge Kernbach, "Unconventional research in USSR and Russia: short overview," arXiv:1312.1148 (2013). https://arxiv.org/pdf/1312.1148
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[^13]: Kotelnikov obituary (note 1), listing him as chief editor of *Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR*; Kolodny (note 10) on the *Doklady* paper.
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[^14]: "A chto nauka? Smogli li uchenye razgadat zagadku ekstrasensov," *Argumenty i Fakty*, no. 42, October 14, 2014. https://aif.by/social/a_chto_nauka_smogli_li_uchenye_razgadat_zagadku_ekstrasensov
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[^15]: B. Konovalov, "Extrasense Through the Eyes of Physics," *Izvestiya*, July 3, 1986, p. 6, as translated in JPRS-UBB-86-022, *USSR Report: Life Sciences, Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences*, December 5, 1986, pp. 105-108. https://archive.org/details/jprs-report_jprs-ubb-86-022
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[^16]: Russell Targ and Keith Harary, *The Mind Race* (Villard Books, 1984), "From Moscow to Yerevan," as excerpted in CIA-RDP96-00792R000500400002-7 and CIA-RDP96-00792R000600150005-1. https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP96-00792R000600150005-1
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[^17]: Kolodny (note 10), describing the photograph taken at the laboratory door in September 1985.
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[^18]: Serge Kernbach, "Unconventional research in USSR and Russia: short overview," arXiv:1312.1148 (2013), section on the 1980s; the secondary overview names its own sources. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1312.1148
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@ -45,49 +45,49 @@ relations:
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start: 1951-12
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role: "scientific support contract for UFO reports under the Air Technical Intelligence Center (Project Bear, Project Stork)"
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fn: 5
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- type: contracted_with
|
||||
- type: contractor_to
|
||||
with: "[[Altamira Technologies]]"
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||||
reverse: true
|
||||
start: 2014-10-03
|
||||
role: "ATEP II contract FA860415D7977 (ceiling $2,200,000,000) and NOVASTAR contract FA860422DB005 (28 listed orders, $159,269,313 obligated as of October 4, 2026)"
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fn: 14
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- type: contracted_with
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||||
- type: contractor_to
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||||
with: "[[KBR Wyle Services]]"
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||||
reverse: true
|
||||
start: 2014-10-03
|
||||
role: "ATEP II contract FA860415D7975 (ceiling $1,240,000,000; 149 orders, $285,894,298)"
|
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fn: 14
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- type: contracted_with
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||||
- type: contractor_to
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||||
with: "[[Epsilon C5I]]"
|
||||
reverse: true
|
||||
start: 2022-08-19
|
||||
role: "NOVASTAR contract FA860422DB006 (16 listed orders, $63,766,638 obligated as of October 4, 2026)"
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fn: 14
|
||||
- type: contracted_with
|
||||
- type: contractor_to
|
||||
with: "[[Xandar LLC]]"
|
||||
reverse: true
|
||||
start: 2022-08-19
|
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role: "NOVASTAR contract FA860422DB009 (15 listed orders, $50,856,348 obligated as of October 4, 2026)"
|
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fn: 14
|
||||
- type: contracted_with
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||||
- type: contractor_to
|
||||
with: "[[Ball Aerospace]]"
|
||||
reverse: true
|
||||
start: 2009-07-08
|
||||
role: "ATEP I contract FA860409D7976 (217 listed orders, $396,247,022 obligated as of October 4, 2026)"
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fn: 13
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- type: contracted_with
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||||
- type: contractor_to
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||||
with: "[[General Dynamics Mission Systems]]"
|
||||
reverse: true
|
||||
start: 2009-07-08
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||||
role: "ATEP I contract FA860409D7977 (87 listed orders, $120,731,319 obligated as of October 4, 2026)"
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fn: 13
|
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- type: contracted_with
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||||
- type: contractor_to
|
||||
with: "[[Northrop Grumman]]"
|
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reverse: true
|
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start: 2009-07-08
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||||
role: "ATEP I contract FA860409D7975 (14 listed orders, $6,983,794 obligated as of October 4, 2026)"
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fn: 13
|
||||
- type: contracted_with
|
||||
- type: contractor_to
|
||||
with: "[[HII Mission Technologies]]"
|
||||
reverse: true
|
||||
start: 2013-02-01
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@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
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---
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category: "U.S. Government"
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aliases:
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- Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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- JPL
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- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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- Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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- Jet Propulsion Lab
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- Jet Lab
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tags:
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- Organization
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- Rocketry
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- Caltech
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||||
- NASA
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- Army
|
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- Pasadena
|
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- GALCIT
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- SecurityClearance
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- Space
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summary: "Caltech laboratory in Pasadena that grew from GALCIT Project No. 1 in 1944, built Army missiles until 1958, and transferred to NASA on December 3, 1958; its staff figured in several 1950 security cases."
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location: "Pasadena, California"
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relations:
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- type: owned
|
||||
with: "[[California Institute of Technology]]"
|
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reverse: true
|
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start: 1944-06
|
||||
role: "laboratory under contract to the Army, then NASA"
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fn: 1
|
||||
- type: contractor_to
|
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with: "[[United States Army]]"
|
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start: 1944
|
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end: 1958-12-03
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||||
role: "developer of the Private, WAC Corporal, Corporal and Sergeant missiles and the Explorer 1 satellite work with the Army Ballistic Missile Agency"
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fn: 2
|
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- type: contractor_to
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||||
with: "[[NASA]]"
|
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start: 1958-12-03
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||||
role: "formally transferred from the Army to NASA"
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fn: 6
|
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- type: director_of
|
||||
with: "[[Frank Malina]]"
|
||||
start: 1944-06
|
||||
end: 1946
|
||||
role: "laboratory directed by Malina"
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fn: 1
|
||||
- type: employed_by
|
||||
with: "[[Qian Xuesen]]"
|
||||
reverse: true
|
||||
start: 1944
|
||||
end: 1950
|
||||
role: "section chief and theoretician, Jet Propulsion Laboratory"
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fn: 3
|
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- type: employed_by
|
||||
with: "[[Sidney Weinbaum]]"
|
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reverse: true
|
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end: 1950-06
|
||||
role: "laboratory employee, reported by FBI informants as county organizer of Professional Unit 122"
|
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fn: 3
|
||||
created: 2026-10-05
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updated: 2026-10-05
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
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The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a laboratory of the [[California Institute of Technology]] in the Arroyo Seco at Pasadena. Its historian, Erik Conway, writes that GALCIT Project No. 1 "officially became the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in June 1944," remaining a Caltech organization though not yet a division of the Institute, with [[Theodore von Kármán]] as chair of its executive board.[^1] The project's history is given at [[GALCIT Rocket Research Project]].
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### Army period
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[[Frank Malina]] drew on Caltech faculty and outside hires: the electrical engineer [[William Pickering]] set up guidance and controls, the aeronautics professor [[Louis Dunn]] became assistant director and later director, and [[Homer J. Stewart]] headed research and analysis.[^1] The laboratory built three series of complete rockets: the Private (about eight feet tall, range about ten miles, first complete rocket), the WAC Corporal (first fired October 11, 1945 at [[White Sands Proving Ground]], New Mexico) and the guided Corporal, which the Army in 1950 asked to be made a deployable nuclear-weapon system; in May 1952 the Army ordered 200 Corporal missiles.[^1] Conway records that Malina and [[Qian Xuesen]] enlarged some of the Private's fins into wings, with unsuccessful results.[^1] The Sergeant contract followed in 1954, shortly before Pickering became the third director.[^1] The laboratory worked with the [[Army Ballistic Missile Agency]] at [[Redstone Arsenal]], where Army leaders had settled [[Wernher von Braun]]'s group, and the launch of Explorer 1 took place at about 2:00 a.m. on February 1, 1958.[^2]
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### Security cases of 1950 to 1952
|
||||
|
||||
The laboratory's staff and records appear in the FBI files of 1950 to 1952.
|
||||
|
||||
The FBI's Los Angeles reports on [[Sidney Weinbaum]], a Jet Propulsion Laboratory employee, record Informant T-2 as stating that he was a member of Professional Unit 122 of the Communist Party in Pasadena and its county organizer, and that Qian, then section chief at the laboratory, had been entertained at the Weinbaum home and had corresponded with the Weinbaums before Weinbaum's hiring.[^3] The report also notes that "as of a recent date" Weinbaum had been terminated from the laboratory; he was arrested for perjury on June 16, 1950, the same date on which the "denial of consent" to Qian dated June 6, 1950 was delivered to Caltech.[^3] Weinbaum was convicted.[^3]
|
||||
|
||||
When the FBI recovered seven GALCIT Project No. 1 reports from [[Jack Parsons]] in December 1950, the laboratory advised the FBI by letter of December 29, 1950 that, in the present active sense, three were confidential, one restricted and three unclassified, and that all could be downgraded to unclassified; it stated that it had no authority to downgrade them because the Air Force had sponsored the research. The FBI recorded a statement that security regulations at the laboratory during Parsons's employment had been lax, with no charge-out system for reports.[^4] The Army's Counter Intelligence Division advised in 1951 that the work had continued under the administrative direction of the Army Chief of Ordnance and that some papers contained proprietary information of [[Aerojet]] and [[Thiokol]].[^4]
|
||||
|
||||
Malina, the laboratory's first director, was the subject of the 1952 sealed indictment described on his page.[^5]
|
||||
|
||||
### Transfer to NASA
|
||||
|
||||
The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, signed July 29, did not change the status of JPL or the [[Army Ballistic Missile Agency]]. Pickering and the NASA administrator T. Keith Glennan wanted the laboratory moved into [[NASA]], the Army resisted, and JPL was formally transferred on December 3, 1958. Pickering said the principal consideration for Caltech was the opportunity to leave classified military research for space science.[^6]
|
||||
|
||||
### Footnotes
|
||||
|
||||
[^1]: Conway, Erik M., "From Rockets to Spacecraft: Making JPL a Place for Planetary Science," Engineering & Science (Caltech), no. 4 (2007), pp. 4-8, calteches.library.caltech.edu/702/2/Spacecraft.pdf.
|
||||
[^2]: Conway, Engineering & Science no. 4 (2007), pp. 8-10.
|
||||
[^3]: FBI, "Hsue-Shen Tsien," Los Angeles file 65-4857, reports of 1949 and 1950 (Informant T-2; Weinbaum; denial of consent letter of June 6, 1950; Weinbaum arrest June 16, 1950), archive.org/details/fbi-file-tsien-hsue-shen (FBIFile_Tsien_Part1 and Part2).
|
||||
[^4]: FBI, "John Whiteside Parsons," file 65-59589, Part 2 (reports of December 1950 and January 1951; Army and Air Force memoranda of 1951), archive.org/details/JohnParsons.
|
||||
[^5]: FBI, "Frank J. Malina," Los Angeles file 100-8196, memoranda of 1952 and 1953, archive.org/details/FrankMalina (Frank Malina 02).
|
||||
[^6]: Conway, Engineering & Science no. 4 (2007), p. 10.
|
||||
|
|
@ -16,48 +16,50 @@ alias:
|
|||
location: "Redstone Arsenal, Alabama"
|
||||
summary: "Defense Intelligence Agency element at Redstone Arsenal whose 2025 briefing traces it to the Army Ballistic Missile Agency in 1956, which analyzes and exploits foreign weapon systems with contractor support."
|
||||
relations:
|
||||
- type: subsidiary_of
|
||||
- type: owned
|
||||
with: "[[Defense Intelligence Agency]]"
|
||||
reverse: true
|
||||
start: 1992
|
||||
role: "transferred to the Defense Intelligence Agency in 1992"
|
||||
fn: 1
|
||||
- type: subsidiary_of
|
||||
- type: owned
|
||||
with: "[[Army Intelligence Agency]]"
|
||||
reverse: true
|
||||
start: 1985
|
||||
end: 1992
|
||||
role: "intelligence community element of the Army Intelligence Agency from 1985"
|
||||
fn: 1
|
||||
- type: contracted_with
|
||||
- type: contractor_to
|
||||
with: "[[Dynetics]]"
|
||||
start: 2015-01
|
||||
role: "$172 million support contract reported January 26, 2015 (work expected complete January 25, 2020); HHM402-19-D-0023, $737,992,267 ceiling, reported November 6, 2019"
|
||||
fn: 16
|
||||
- type: contracted_with
|
||||
- type: contractor_to
|
||||
with: "[[Parsons Government Services]]"
|
||||
start: 2018-05
|
||||
role: "HHM402-18-D-0004, $164,693,682 ceiling; Parsons Corporation 2026 position on COMET announced August 25, 2026"
|
||||
fn: 3
|
||||
- type: contracted_with
|
||||
- type: contractor_to
|
||||
with: "[[COLSA Corp.]]"
|
||||
start: 2016-09-28
|
||||
role: "potential five-year, $103 million scientific computing contract announced September 28, 2016"
|
||||
fn: 17
|
||||
- type: contracted_with
|
||||
- type: contractor_to
|
||||
with: "[[COLSA Corp.]]"
|
||||
start: 2021-09-28
|
||||
role: "Scientific Computing Operations, Analysis, and Applications contract HHM402-21-D-0151; total contract ceiling value stated as $217,439,429.92 in the justification dated August 31, 2023"
|
||||
fn: 22
|
||||
- type: contracted_with
|
||||
- type: contractor_to
|
||||
with: "[[Science Applications International Corporation]]"
|
||||
start: 2026-08-31
|
||||
role: "position on COMET stated in Form 8-K exhibit of August 31, 2026"
|
||||
fn: 9
|
||||
- type: contracted_with
|
||||
- type: contractor_to
|
||||
with: "[[Integration Innovation]]"
|
||||
start: 2026-09-08
|
||||
role: "announced Small Business position on COMET"
|
||||
fn: 11
|
||||
- type: contracted_with
|
||||
- type: contractor_to
|
||||
with: "[[Intuitive Research and Technology Corporation]]"
|
||||
start: 2026-09-17
|
||||
role: "announced prime position on COMET"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue