vault backup: 2026-10-05 15:03:22

vault backup: 2026-10-05 15:03:18
2026-10-05 15:03:22 -04:00 · 2026-10-05 15:03:18 -04:00
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--- a/META/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/META/CHANGELOG.md
@ -1,3 +1,85 @@
+- 2026-10-05T1502 · [[Igor Smirnov]]
+- 2026-10-05T1502 · [[Louis Andre]]
+- 2026-10-05T1502 · [[Amnon Rubinstein]]
+- 2026-10-05T1502 · [[Walter Levy]]
+- 2026-10-05T1502 · [[Stefan Kanfer]]
+- 2026-10-05T1502 · [[John L. Wilhelm]]
+- 2026-10-05T1502 · [[Steven Shaw]]
+- 2026-10-05T1502 · [[James Randi]]
+- 2026-10-05T1502 · [[Ray Hyman]]
+- 2026-10-05T1501 · [[George Otis]]
+- 2026-10-05T1501 · [[Ricky Ross]]
+- 2026-10-05T1501 · [[Matthew Livelsberger]]
+- 2026-10-05T1500 · [[Mike Russo]]
+- 2026-10-05T1500 · [[Mike Russo]]
+- 2026-10-05T1500 · [[Louis Andre]]
+- 2026-10-05T1500 · [[Stefan Kanfer]]
+- 2026-10-05T1500 · [[John L. Wilhelm]]
+- 2026-10-05T1500 · [[Steven Shaw]]
+- 2026-10-05T1500 · [[James Randi]]
+- 2026-10-05T1500 · [[Ray Hyman]]
+- 2026-10-05T1459 · [[_FOIA_P6_b]]
+- 2026-10-05T1459 · [[_NOTES_P6_b]]
+- 2026-10-05T1459 · [[Amnon Rubinstein]]
+- 2026-10-05T1459 · [[_FOIA_P6_a]]
+- 2026-10-05T1459 · [[_NOTES_P6_a]]
+- 2026-10-05T1459 · [[Walter Levy]]
+- 2026-10-05T1458 · [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]
+- 2026-10-05T1458 · [[Don Curtis]]
+- 2026-10-05T1458 · [[Peter Crane]]
+- 2026-10-05T1458 · [[Ron Robertson]]
+- 2026-10-05T1458 · [[R. S. Hawke]]
+- 2026-10-05T1458 · [[_DELTA_Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory_P3]]
+- 2026-10-05T1458 · [[Don Curtis]]
+- 2026-10-05T1457 · [[Peter Crane]]
+- 2026-10-05T1457 · [[Ron Robertson]]
+- 2026-10-05T1457 · [[R. S. Hawke]]
+- 2026-10-05T1456 · [[_FOIA_P3]]
+- 2026-10-05T1456 · [[_NOTES_P3]]
+- 2026-10-05T1454 · [[_FNFIX_Shimon Peres]]
+- 2026-10-05T1454 · [[_FNFIX_Ricky Ross]]
+- 2026-10-05T1454 · [[_FNFIX_George Otis]]
+- 2026-10-05T1454 · [[_FNFIX_Matthew Livelsberger]]
+- 2026-10-05T1452 · [[CLAUDE]]
+- 2026-10-05T1452 · [[THE INFO WEB]]
+- 2026-10-05T1451 · [[_FOIA_P6_c]]
+- 2026-10-05T1451 · [[_NOTES_P6_c]]
+- 2026-10-05T1448 · [[Griffin Bell]]
+- 2026-10-05T1445 · [[_RULES]]
+- 2026-10-05T1444 · [[Wilson-Davis Memo]]
+- 2026-10-05T1444 · [[Laurance Rockefeller]]
+- 2026-10-05T1444 · [[Morris K. Jessup]]
+- 2026-10-05T1444 · [[Jack Vorona]]
+- 2026-10-05T1444 · [[Dale Graff]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Honduras]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Colombia]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Remote Viewing]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Psychoenergetics]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[New Orleans Truck Attack]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Stargate Project]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Project Aquarius]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Cali Drug Cartel]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Russell Targ]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Murray Watt]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Edmund Thompson]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Pat Price]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Ingo Swann]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Genady Sergeyev]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Garrison Rapmund]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Bill Ray]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Tom McNear]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Ronald Lister]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Ninel Kulagina]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Hella Hammid]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Edwin May]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[David Morehouse]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Charles Manson]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Robert M. Collins]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Marcus Foster]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Manfred Gale]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[Lyn Buchanan]]
+- 2026-10-05T1443 · [[James Fox (filmmaker)]]
 - 2026-10-05T1437 · [[Black Mass (1975 film)]]
 - 2026-10-05T1437 · [[In the Year of the Pig]]
 - 2026-10-05T1437 · [[PROMIS Software Scandal]]
@ -9,14 +91,6 @@
 - 2026-10-05T1437 · [[Leo Goldstein]]
 - 2026-10-05T1437 · [[Art Carduner]]
 - 2026-10-05T1435 · [[James Forrestal]]
- 2026-10-05T1435 · [[MOC - Psychics & Remote Viewers]]
- 2026-10-05T1435 · [[MOC - Key Figures]]
- 2026-10-05T1435 · [[KEY INDIVIDUALS]]
- 2026-10-05T1434 · [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]
- 2026-10-05T1434 · [[Mike Russo]]
- 2026-10-05T1434 · [[Don Curtis]]
- 2026-10-05T1434 · [[Peter Crane]]
- 2026-10-05T1434 · [[Wilson-Davis Memo]]
 - 2026-10-05T1434 · [[Area 51]]
 - 2026-10-05T1434 · [[Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Disclosure Act]]
 - 2026-10-05T1434 · [[Walker's Flying W Ranch]]
@ -24,77 +98,3 @@
 - 2026-10-05T1434 · [[Sol Foundation]]
 - 2026-10-05T1434 · [[Galileo Project]]
 - 2026-10-05T1434 · [[Donald Rumsfeld]]
- 2026-10-05T1434 · [[Jesse Michels]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Sky Watcher]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Counter Extremism Project]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[The Aviary]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[SALT Fund Management LLC]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Radiance Ignite Technologies]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[NCITE]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Mellon Family]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Mega Group]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Jane Street Capital]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Human Potential Foundation]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Associated Press]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Order of Nine Angles]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Regina Louf]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Linda Moulton Howe]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[John E. Mack]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[James E. McDonald]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Count Maurice Auguste Lippens]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Count Leopold Lippens]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Christine Van Hees]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Bryan Johnson]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Alex Klokus]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Avi Loeb]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Tim Gallaudet]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Ron Blackburn]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Robert M. Collins]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Richard Doty]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Richard D'Amato]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Paul Bennewitz]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Christopher Mellon]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Masha Drokova]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Luis Elizondo]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Leopold Aschenbrenner]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[James R. Bath]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Jake Barber]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Earl Brian]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[David Marks]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Dave Fravor]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Angela Dellafiora]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Foreign Technology Division]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Department of Government Efficiency]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Russell Targ]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Ben Wagner]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Ronald Pandolfi]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Pat Price]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Lee Rawls]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Karl Nell]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Jay Stratton]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Jaime Shandera]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Peter Skafish]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Harry Reid]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Garry Nolan]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Diana Walsh Pasulka]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Ben Rich]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Anthony Scaramucci]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[William L. Moore]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Remote Viewing]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[December 2017 New York Times AATIP Report]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Dark Enlightenment]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[UFO Cover-Up Live]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Majestic-12]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[X-Dossier]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[PROMIS]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Project Aquarius]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Advanced Theoretical Physics Working Group]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Wackenhut Corporation]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science]]
- 2026-10-05T1433 · [[Russian Imperial Movement]]
- 2026-10-05T1426 · [[Kit Green]]
- 2026-10-05T1425 · [[Stargate Project]]
- 2026-10-05T1425 · [[MOC - Skeptics & Critics]]
- 2026-10-05T1425 · [[West Virginia]]
--- a/META/THE
+++ b/META/THE
@ -9,14 +9,6 @@ Welcome to The Info Web, a living, growing research garden where the threads of

 Our effort is to illuminate hidden connections and illegal activities, building an interconnected web of knowledge to better understand the forces shaping our world. We invite you to explore the depths of this vault.

-**Where to begin your journey:**
-
- [[KEY INDIVIDUALS]] - Discover the pioneers, psychics, and power players who shaped these hidden histories.
- [[KEY ORGANIZATIONS]] - Uncover the government agencies, private entities, and shadowy groups involved in the pursuit of the unknown.
- [[KEY PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS]] - Delve into the secret initiatives, from psychic spying to mind control, that pushed the boundaries of human understanding.
- [[KEY EVENTS]] - Witness the pivotal moments, from Cold War experiments to modern incidents, that reveal the unfolding narrative.
- [[KEY CONCEPTS AND TECH]] - Grasp the scientific theories, esoteric ideas, and advanced technologies that underpin these extraordinary claims.
-
 For those with a more open perspective of our world and our place within it, try exploring [[The Phenomenon]] or [[Stargate Project]]. For the conspiracy-minded, you may find your starting point with [[SOFTWARE_PROJECTS/PROMIS|PROMIS]].

 Or you can always check the [[CHANGELOG]] to see where research is happening.
--- a/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Dale
+++ b/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Dale
@ -27,19 +27,19 @@ Graff attended the first meeting of the Defense Department's Grill Flame committ

 On *Nightline* in November 1995, identified as the physicist who had directed the DIA's project for five years, Graff said of the Dozier kidnapping, "we had one viewer come up with the name of the city, Padua. We had another one come up with the name of the building he was in," and of the Jordan search, "we like to count it as a success."[^3]

-Graff attended the Defense Department's Grill Flame committee meeting of November 27, 1979, listed from Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, at which the working group moved to demand sight of the [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]]'s report "prior to it being given to any other party or group."[^900]
+Graff attended the Defense Department's Grill Flame committee meeting of November 27, 1979, listed from Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, at which the working group moved to demand sight of the [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]]'s report "prior to it being given to any other party or group."[^4]

-Graff attended the meeting of the DoD Committee on Remote Viewing Activities in Vorona's conference room on August 24, 1978, as "Mr. Dale Graff, Air Force/FTD," with Vorona, Colonel Jack Capps of the Army staff and Charlie Carter of the Missile Intelligence Agency.[^901]
+Graff attended the meeting of the DoD Committee on Remote Viewing Activities in Vorona's conference room on August 24, 1978, as "Mr. Dale Graff, Air Force/FTD," with Vorona, Colonel Jack Capps of the Army staff and Charlie Carter of the Missile Intelligence Agency.[^5]

 ### The Documents

-A cable from the Foreign Technology Division at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base to the CIA's Office of Technical Service, "Request for OTS Report," held in two copies, one dated April 13, 1976, stated that "in recent discussion with OTS regarding Stanford Research Institute (SRI) investigations on remote sensing, we were informed of an OTS published study related to this effort. Our office is investigating intelligence estimates regarding possible USSR applications of such a technique," and named "the OPR within FTD for this subject" as "Mr. Dale E. Graff/XRQ"; the undated copy is filed with [[David Brandwein]]'s memorandum of February 20, 1976, terminating OTS support. A request of May 15, 1978, asked that "Mr. Dale Graff of your organization be made available to assist DIA in their presentation by conducting an informal discussion/briefing on your most recent publication," the FTD report "Paraphysics R&D - Warsaw Pact." He sat at the meeting of August 24, 1978, and on the DoD Grill Flame committee as "Dale Graff FTD/TQTR," where in May 1979 he "briefed the Committee on the FTD Special Search project," in July "volunteered that he had already produced an ICR," and at the committee's meeting of November 28, 1978, "suggested that a cover story be developed for the program." A meeting at SRI on September 13 and 14, 1978, "to discuss experiments to test tactical applications of the remote viewing phenomenon" listed him with John W. Kramar and Colonel Albert De Prospero of AMSAA, Marion Bryson of CDEC, Major [[William Stoner]], and SRI's Puthoff, Targ, [[Edwin May]], [[Charles Tart]] and [[Ingo Swann]]. A tasking record of December 1984 notes a "follow-up interview conducted (date unknown) by D. Graff at RVer's location."[^900]
+A cable from the Foreign Technology Division at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base to the CIA's Office of Technical Service, "Request for OTS Report," held in two copies, one dated April 13, 1976, stated that "in recent discussion with OTS regarding Stanford Research Institute (SRI) investigations on remote sensing, we were informed of an OTS published study related to this effort. Our office is investigating intelligence estimates regarding possible USSR applications of such a technique," and named "the OPR within FTD for this subject" as "Mr. Dale E. Graff/XRQ"; the undated copy is filed with [[David Brandwein]]'s memorandum of February 20, 1976, terminating OTS support. A request of May 15, 1978, asked that "Mr. Dale Graff of your organization be made available to assist DIA in their presentation by conducting an informal discussion/briefing on your most recent publication," the FTD report "Paraphysics R&D - Warsaw Pact." He sat at the meeting of August 24, 1978, and on the DoD Grill Flame committee as "Dale Graff FTD/TQTR," where in May 1979 he "briefed the Committee on the FTD Special Search project," in July "volunteered that he had already produced an ICR," and at the committee's meeting of November 28, 1978, "suggested that a cover story be developed for the program." A meeting at SRI on September 13 and 14, 1978, "to discuss experiments to test tactical applications of the remote viewing phenomenon" listed him with John W. Kramar and Colonel Albert De Prospero of AMSAA, Marion Bryson of CDEC, Major [[William Stoner]], and SRI's Puthoff, Targ, [[Edwin May]], [[Charles Tart]] and [[Ingo Swann]]. A tasking record of December 1984 notes a "follow-up interview conducted (date unknown) by D. Graff at RVer's location."[^6]

 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
 [^2]: Defense Intelligence Agency, minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee, November 28, 1978 (enclosed in Progress Report #1), July 12, 1979 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130008-9), November 27, 1979 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1), and January 10, 1980 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
 [^3]: "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room.
-[^900]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 27 November 1979," S-1168/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1, and "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 10 January 1980," S-1008/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1, both signed Jack Vorona, chairman. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^901]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the Meeting of the DoD Committee on Remote Viewing Activities," August 24, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140009-7; Vorona to the Army assistant chief of staff for intelligence, S-1862/DT-1, September 6, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410015-9; Commander, Naval Intelligence Command, to DIA, September 14, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410025-8; DIA to the 902d Military Intelligence Group, September 22, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140015-0; James L. Brown, Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, USAF, to Vorona, September 29, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410026-7; Army ACSI (DAMI-ISH) to Vorona, October 4, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410024-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^900]: Foreign Technology Division (XRQ) to CIA/OTS, "Request for OTS Report," cable of April 13, 1976, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200020005-5 and R000200020001-9; "Sensory Technology Assessment," November 14, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00787R000500120001-5; DoD Grill Flame Committee minutes of May 3, July 12 and September 25, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130022-3, R002000130020-5, R002000130009-8; "Paraphysics R&D - Warsaw Pact," May 15, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000160008-6; minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee, November 28, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140013-2; "QRT Tasking," December 4, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001800220001-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^4]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 27 November 1979," S-1168/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1, and "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 10 January 1980," S-1008/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1, both signed Jack Vorona, chairman. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^5]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the Meeting of the DoD Committee on Remote Viewing Activities," August 24, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140009-7; Vorona to the Army assistant chief of staff for intelligence, S-1862/DT-1, September 6, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410015-9; Commander, Naval Intelligence Command, to DIA, September 14, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410025-8; DIA to the 902d Military Intelligence Group, September 22, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140015-0; James L. Brown, Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, USAF, to Vorona, September 29, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410026-7; Army ACSI (DAMI-ISH) to Vorona, October 4, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410024-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^6]: Foreign Technology Division (XRQ) to CIA/OTS, "Request for OTS Report," cable of April 13, 1976, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200020005-5 and R000200020001-9; "Sensory Technology Assessment," November 14, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00787R000500120001-5; DoD Grill Flame Committee minutes of May 3, July 12 and September 25, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130022-3, R002000130020-5, R002000130009-8; "Paraphysics R&D - Warsaw Pact," May 15, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000160008-6; minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee, November 28, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140013-2; "QRT Tasking," December 4, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001800220001-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Don
+++ b/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Don
@ -1,18 +1,43 @@
 ---
-category: "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
+aliases:
+  - Don Curtis
+  - Don Kurtis
+category: "Scientists & Researchers"
 tags:
  - Person
  - Pseudonym
-  - Stargate
  - Physicist
-  - RemoteViewer
-summary: "Don Curtis is the pseudonym Jim Schnabel gave a Lawrence Livermore physicist who, with his wife, saw a hovering one-armed man in a gray suit after the group's Geller tests."
+  - LawrenceLivermore
+  - UriGeller
+  - KitGreen
+summary: "Pseudonym (spelled Don Kurtis in the Grey Lodge Occult Review) used by Jim Schnabel for a Livermore physicist who, with his wife, saw a hovering one-armed figure with a hook for a hand."
+location: "Livermore, California"
+relations:
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]"
+    start: 1974
+    role: "physicist; pseudonym of an unnamed person in Schnabel (1997)"
+    fn: 2
+created: 2026-05-22
+updated: 2026-10-05
 ---

+Don Curtis is the name [[Jim Schnabel]] gave to a physicist at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL) in *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies* (1997); the *Grey Lodge Occult Review* spelled it "Don Kurtis" in stating that "the names Richard Kennett, Peter Crane, Mike Russo and Don Kurtis... are pseudonyms employed by Mr. Schnabel."[^1]

-Don Curtis is the pseudonym [[Jim Schnabel]] gave a physicist at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] in *[[Remote Viewers]]* (1997); the *Grey Lodge Occult Review* spelled it Don Kurtis.[^2] In Schnabel's account he was part of the group that investigated [[Uri Geller]]'s psychokinetic abilities. After the group ceased its research activities with Geller, Curtis and his wife experienced one of the last bizarre apparitions: a hovering, holographic, one-armed man in a gray suit with a hook for a hand. This unsettling experience prompted [[Kit Green]] to demand a meeting with [[Hal Puthoff]] and [[Russell Targ]] to understand the phenomena.[^1]
+### The hooked arm

---
+In Schnabel's account, the Livermore group that had tested [[Uri Geller]] stopped its work after [[Mike Russo]] complained of a telephone call from a metallic voice. "One of the last such apparitions sprang itself upon a Livermore physicist named Don Curtis and his wife. They were sitting in their living room one evening, soberly, uneventfully, not talking about Geller or the paranormal, when suddenly there was this... arm... hovering holographically in the middle of the room." The arm was clothed as if in a plain gray suit, with no stump at the shoulder, and ended "where a hand should have been" in a hook; it twisted around for a few seconds and disappeared.[^2]

-[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies*. Dell, 1997.
-[^2]: Havenstein, Rudy. "Dr. Green and the Goblins of Langley." Substack, July 11, 2025, https://rudy.substack.com/p/dr-green-and-the-goblins-of-langley, quoting *Grey Lodge Occult Review* 1, no. 5: "The names Richard Kennett, Peter Crane, Mike Russo and Don Kurtis which appear below are pseudonyms employed by Mr. Schnabel."
+Curtis related the story to the CIA analyst Schnabel calls Richard Kennett (identified by the *Grey Lodge Occult Review* as [[Kit Green]]), and "for some reason, it seemed to push the CIA officer over the edge." Kennett telephoned [[Hal Puthoff]] and [[Russell Targ]] of the [[Stanford Research Institute]] and demanded a meeting on their next trip to Washington. Schnabel writes that Kennett did not quite believe they could have produced the apparitions with SRI lasers as holograms, but expected their experience of Geller to bear on it.[^2]
+
+Puthoff and Targ met Kennett at their hotel close to midnight. As Kennett described the arm ("It was a false arm," he said), Schnabel writes, there was a sharp, heavy pounding at the door; Targ hid behind the curtains and Puthoff stood in the bathroom. Kennett opened the door to a nondescript middle-aged man who walked slowly and stiffly to the middle of the room and said, in "an oddly stilted voice," "Oh! I guess... I must... be... in... the wrong... room," then left, "giving all of them time to see that one sleeve of his gray suit, pinned to his side, was empty."[^2]
+
+### Other accounts
+
+The review of Jonathan Margolis's *The Secret Life of Uri Geller* in *Lobster* states, naming the CIA officer Kit Green as the source, that at Livermore "one man, Don Gregory, was visited by a disembodied arm with a hook instead of a hand," and describes a meeting with two CIA officers interrupted by a middle-aged man with one arm who apologized and wandered out. The reviewer's "Don Gregory" differs from Schnabel's pseudonym.[^3]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Rudy Havenstein, "Dr. Green and the Goblins of Langley," Substack, July 11, 2025, https://rudy.substack.com/p/dr-green-and-the-goblins-of-langley, quoting *Grey Lodge Occult Review* 1, no. 5.
+[^2]: Jim Schnabel, *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies* (Dell, 1997), as excerpted at the Havenstein URL above. Sole source for the passages so cited.
+[^3]: *Lobster* 67 (2014), review of Jonathan Margolis, *The Secret Life of Uri Geller: CIA Masterspy?* (Watkins, 2013), https://www.lobster-magazine.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/lob67-higher-strangeness.pdf. Sole source for the "Don Gregory" rendering.
--- a/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Griffin
+++ b/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Griffin
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ created: 2026-10-01
 updated: 2026-10-01
 ---

-Griffin Boyette Bell (October 31, 1918 to January 5, 2009) was a Georgia lawyer, a partner of the [[Atlanta]] firm [[King & Spalding]], a judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit]] from 1961 to 1976, and [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] of the [[United States]] under President [[Jimmy Carter]] from January 26, 1977 to August 16, 1979.[^1] As Attorney General he testified in support of the bill that became the [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act]], countersigned the commutation of [[G. Gordon Liddy]]'s sentence, and headed the Department of Justice when former [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] officials [[W. Mark Felt]] and [[Edward S. Miller]] and two [[ITT Corporation|ITT]] executives were charged. After leaving office he conducted an internal investigation for the brokerage [[E.F. Hutton]] and in 1992 was asked by President [[George H.W. Bush]] to assist in seeking release of Bush's [[MOC - Iran-Contra|Iran-Contra]] deposition.
+Griffin Boyette Bell (October 31, 1918 to January 5, 2009) was a Georgia lawyer, a partner of the [[Atlanta]] firm [[King & Spalding]], a judge of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit]] from 1961 to 1976, and [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] of the [[United States]] under President [[Jimmy Carter]] from January 26, 1977 to August 16, 1979.[^1] As Attorney General he testified in support of the bill that became the [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act]], countersigned the commutation of [[G. Gordon Liddy]]'s sentence, and headed the Department of Justice when former [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] officials [[W. Mark Felt]] and [[Edward S. Miller]] and two [[ITT Corporation|ITT]] executives were charged. After leaving office he conducted an internal investigation for the brokerage [[E.F. Hutton]] and in 1992 was asked by President [[George H.W. Bush]] to assist in seeking release of Bush's [[Iran-Contra Affair|Iran-Contra]] deposition.

 ### Georgia Practice, the Vandiver Administration and the Fifth Circuit

--- a/PEOPLE/(A-G)/James
+++ b/PEOPLE/(A-G)/James
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ relations:
    with: "[[The Phenomenon (2020 film)]]"
    role: "director and producer; studio listed as CE3 LLC; released October 6, 2020"
    start: 2020
-    fn: 1
+    fn: 3
  - type: director_of
    with: "[[The Program (2024 film)]]"
    role: "director and producer with Lance Mungia; executive producers Jim Martin and Henry Marx of Lab 9 Films; sales by Verve Ventures"
@ -26,27 +26,27 @@ created: 2026-10-03
 updated: 2026-10-03
 ---

-James Fox is an American documentary filmmaker whose features on unidentified flying objects include "Out of the Blue," broadcast on the [[Sci-Fi Channel]], "I Know What I Saw," broadcast on the [[History (TV channel)|History channel]], and "UFOs: 50 Years of Denial?"; an October 19, 2020 item on [[Open Minds]] by [[Alejandro Rojas]] describes him as executive producer and director of those films and calls "[[The Phenomenon]]" his "fourth UFO documentary."[^4] In a 2024 statement he said "I've been making films on the topic of UFOs (now referred to as UAP) since the early 1990s."[^2]
+James Fox is an American documentary filmmaker whose features on unidentified flying objects include "Out of the Blue," broadcast on the [[Sci-Fi Channel]], "I Know What I Saw," broadcast on the [[History (TV channel)|History channel]], and "UFOs: 50 Years of Denial?"; an October 19, 2020 item on [[Open Minds]] by [[Alejandro Rojas]] describes him as executive producer and director of those films and calls "[[The Phenomenon]]" his "fourth UFO documentary."[^1] In a 2024 statement he said "I've been making films on the topic of UFOs (now referred to as UAP) since the early 1990s."[^2]

 ### The Phenomenon, 2020

-[[Apple TV]] lists "The Phenomenon" (2020, 1 hour 40 minutes, narrated by [[Peter Coyote]], studio "CE3 LLC") with Fox as director and producer, [[Dan Farah]], [[Marc Barasch]], [[Hanson Tse]] and [[Tony Cataldo]] as producers, and appearances by [[Christopher Mellon]], [[Kim Arnold]] and [[George Knapp]].[^1] The Open Minds item quotes [[Harry Reid]] as saying "The Phenomenon makes the incredible credible."[^4]
+[[Apple TV]] lists "The Phenomenon" (2020, 1 hour 40 minutes, narrated by [[Peter Coyote]], studio "CE3 LLC") with Fox as director and producer, [[Dan Farah]], [[Marc Barasch]], [[Hanson Tse]] and [[Tony Cataldo]] as producers, and appearances by [[Christopher Mellon]], [[Kim Arnold]] and [[George Knapp]].[^3] The Open Minds item quotes [[Harry Reid]] as saying "The Phenomenon makes the incredible credible."[^1]

 ### Moment of Contact, 2022

-Apple TV lists "Moment of Contact" (2022, 1 hour 47 minutes), on the 1996 events at [[Varginha UFO incident|Varginha]], [[Brazil]], with Fox as director and interviews with [[Stanton Friedman]], [[Brazilian Air Force]] general José Carlos Pereira and the Brazilian researcher [[Ademar José Gevaerd]].[^5] A 2025 follow-up, "Moment of Contact: New Revelations of Alien Encounters," is listed in the same catalog.[^5]
+Apple TV lists "Moment of Contact" (2022, 1 hour 47 minutes), on the 1996 events at [[Varginha UFO incident|Varginha]], [[Brazil]], with Fox as director and interviews with [[Stanton Friedman]], [[Brazilian Air Force]] general José Carlos Pereira and the Brazilian researcher [[Ademar José Gevaerd]].[^4] A 2025 follow-up, "Moment of Contact: New Revelations of Alien Encounters," is listed in the same catalog.[^4]

 ### The Program, 2024

-[[The Hollywood Reporter]] reported on September 25, 2024 that Fox directed "The Program," "exploring the unprecedented bipartisan congressional effort to uncover what intelligence agencies really know about UFOs, now referred to as UAP," narrated by Coyote, produced by Fox and [[Lance Mungia]], with [[Jim Martin]] and [[Henry Marx]] of [[Lab 9 Films]] as executive producers, and [[Verve Ventures]] "handling sales," with the film "set to screen for buyers."[^2] Interviewees named in that report were Christopher Mellon (described as the former deputy assistant secretary of defense for intelligence), [[Garry Nolan]] of [[Stanford University]], [[Jason Sands]] ("a master sergeant in the [[U.S. Air Force|United States Air Force]]"), [[Craig Lindsay]], [[Nick Pope]], Representatives [[Andre Carson]] and [[Tim Burchett]], Senator Harry Reid and [[Kirk McConnell]], formerly of the [[Senate Armed Services Committee]].[^2] [[The Oxford Eagle]] reported on December 10, 2024 that "The Program" would be released on December 16, 2024 on Apple TV, [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Prime]], [[Hulu]] and [[Vimeo]], with [[Percy Townes]], an [[University of Mississippi|Ole Miss]] alumnus, as associate producer.[^6]
+[[The Hollywood Reporter]] reported on September 25, 2024 that Fox directed "The Program," "exploring the unprecedented bipartisan congressional effort to uncover what intelligence agencies really know about UFOs, now referred to as UAP," narrated by Coyote, produced by Fox and [[Lance Mungia]], with [[Jim Martin]] and [[Henry Marx]] of [[Lab 9 Films]] as executive producers, and [[Verve Ventures]] "handling sales," with the film "set to screen for buyers."[^2] Interviewees named in that report were Christopher Mellon (described as the former deputy assistant secretary of defense for intelligence), [[Garry Nolan]] of [[Stanford University]], [[Jason Sands]] ("a master sergeant in the [[U.S. Air Force|United States Air Force]]"), [[Craig Lindsay]], [[Nick Pope]], Representatives [[Andre Carson]] and [[Tim Burchett]], Senator Harry Reid and [[Kirk McConnell]], formerly of the [[Senate Armed Services Committee]].[^2] [[The Oxford Eagle]] reported on December 10, 2024 that "The Program" would be released on December 16, 2024 on Apple TV, [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Prime]], [[Hulu]] and [[Vimeo]], with [[Percy Townes]], an [[University of Mississippi|Ole Miss]] alumnus, as associate producer.[^5]

-In a December 18, 2024 interview Fox described attending a congressional hearing weeks earlier at which Rear Admiral [[Tim Gallaudet]] testified, said he had been "told" the plan "is to at least disclose the fact that we have definitive proof that we're not alone by 2030," and, in the interviewer's paraphrase, said his research indicated the Department of Energy oversees many unacknowledged special access programs.[^7] He also recounted a conversation with a general who said "we have overwhelming data" of "structured craft of unknown origin."[^7]
+In a December 18, 2024 interview Fox described attending a congressional hearing weeks earlier at which Rear Admiral [[Tim Gallaudet]] testified, said he had been "told" the plan "is to at least disclose the fact that we have definitive proof that we're not alone by 2030," and, in the interviewer's paraphrase, said his research indicated the Department of Energy oversees many unacknowledged special access programs.[^6] He also recounted a conversation with a general who said "we have overwhelming data" of "structured craft of unknown origin."[^6]

 ### Footnotes

-[^1]: Apple TV, "The Phenomenon," credits and studio listing. https://tv.apple.com/gb/movie/the-phenomenon/umc.cmc.e8djkr1rhg7vubj9zgnv7b0a
+[^1]: Alejandro Rojas, "Rojas Report: Filmmaker James Fox on new documentary The Phenomenon," Open Minds, October 19, 2020. https://openminds.tv/rojas-report-filmmaker-james-fox-on-new-documentary-the-phenomenon/
 [^2]: Mia Galuppo, "UFO Doc 'The Program' From James Fox (Exclusive)," The Hollywood Reporter, September 25, 2024. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/ufo-doc-the-program-james-fox-1236011733/
-[^4]: Alejandro Rojas, "Rojas Report: Filmmaker James Fox on new documentary The Phenomenon," Open Minds, October 19, 2020. https://openminds.tv/rojas-report-filmmaker-james-fox-on-new-documentary-the-phenomenon/
-[^5]: Apple TV, "Moment of Contact." https://tv.apple.com/movie/umc.cmc.eq4hi5uneea0v3a7e1sqrq9f
-[^6]: Staff report, "Director James Fox, Ole Miss alumnus Percy Townes to release UFO documentary," The Oxford Eagle, December 10, 2024. https://oxfordeagle.com/?p=162243
-[^7]: Higgypop, "Interview: James Fox's New Documentary 'The Program' Explores The 'Unprecedented' Push For Disclosure," December 18, 2024. https://www.higgypop.com/news/james-fox-interview/
+[^3]: Apple TV, "The Phenomenon," credits and studio listing. https://tv.apple.com/gb/movie/the-phenomenon/umc.cmc.e8djkr1rhg7vubj9zgnv7b0a
+[^4]: Apple TV, "Moment of Contact." https://tv.apple.com/movie/umc.cmc.eq4hi5uneea0v3a7e1sqrq9f
+[^5]: Staff report, "Director James Fox, Ole Miss alumnus Percy Townes to release UFO documentary," The Oxford Eagle, December 10, 2024. https://oxfordeagle.com/?p=162243
+[^6]: Higgypop, "Interview: James Fox's New Documentary 'The Program' Explores The 'Unprecedented' Push For Disclosure," December 18, 2024. https://www.higgypop.com/news/james-fox-interview/
--- a/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Louis
+++ b/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Louis
@ -1,18 +1,59 @@
 ---
-aliases:
- Louis Andre
-category: "Skeptics & Critics"
+category: "Intelligence & Government"
 tags:
  - Person
-  - Skeptic
-summary: "Louis Andre was an analyst with the DIA who worked on the case of William Richard Higgins, a Marine Lieutenant Colonel abducted in Lebanon in 1988."
+  - DIA
+  - Analyst
+  - SunStreak
+  - Stargate
+  - Lebanon
+  - Hostages
+alias:
+  - Louis Andre
+  - Lou Andre
+summary: "Defense Intelligence Agency analyst who told Annie Jacobsen that remote-viewing sessions by Angela Dellafiora were useful in the search for Marine Lieutenant Colonel William Higgins, abducted in Lebanon in 1988."
+location: "Washington, D.C."
+relations:
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Defense Intelligence Agency]]"
+    start: 1988
+    role: "analyst on the William Higgins abduction case; the Sun Streak sessions on the case were reported to the DIA customer at the DIA Analysis Center, Bolling Air Force Base"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: investigated
+    with: "[[William Richard Higgins]]"
+    start: 1988-02-17
+    role: "analyst working the abduction case that Sun Streak project 8808 was tasked against"
+    fn: 2
+created: 2026-05-14
+updated: 2026-10-05
 ---

-Louis Andre was an analyst with the [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]] who worked on the case of [[William Richard Higgins]], a Marine Lieutenant Colonel abducted in [[Lebanon]] in 1988. Andre had never spoken to a reporter before, and noted that many aspects of the operation remained classified due to its sensitive nature[^1].
+Louis Andre was an analyst with the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] (DIA) assigned to the case of [[William Richard Higgins]], the [[United States Marine Corps]] lieutenant colonel who headed a [[United Nations Truce Supervision Organization]] observer group and was abducted near [[Tyre]], [[Lebanon]], on February 17, 1988.[^1][^2] He told [[Annie Jacobsen]] that he had never before spoken to a reporter, and that much of the operation remained classified.[^1]

-Andre was initially highly skeptical of [[Remote Viewing]], but he came to accept that the information provided by [[Angela Dellafiora]], one of the DIA's remote viewers, was valuable to the overall mission. Dellafiora identified where she thought Higgins was being held and perceived him to be alive. She also produced phonetically the name of one of the Amal Militia commanders involved in the Higgins case, providing accurate details about his role and family members[^1].
+### The Higgins case

-Andre found Dellafiora's ability to access such sensitive information astonishing. He observed that her talents continued to be applied throughout the 113 sessions dedicated to the search for Higgins[^1].
+On February 24, 1988, the DIA's Directorate for Scientific and Technical Intelligence (office symbol DT-S) sent its deputy director an interim "SUN STREAK Operational Report - 8808" covering results obtained by three remote viewers between February 22 and 24, 1988, on the question of who was involved in the abduction. The memorandum states that information on the target's identity was shielded from the viewers and that the data were maintained by the customer at the DIA Analysis Center at [[Bolling Air Force Base]].[^2] [[Sun Streak]] was the designation of the DIA remote-viewing unit at [[Fort Meade]] in this period, and project number 8808 was the Higgins tasking.[^2][^3]
+
+In that memorandum, Viewer 079 described a 47-to-50-year-old Lebanese Christian who until about early December 1987 had served with [[Amal]] forces as a "District Manager" with the rank of major, knew of the abduction, and had no direct role in planning or carrying it out. The viewer described him as short, dark, olive-complected and bearded, married with three children whose family was not with him in [[Beirut]], and recorded attempts to obtain his name as phonetics in an enclosure.[^2] The project 8808 session reports for Viewer 079 are headed "WRV" (written remote viewing), the method of [[Angela Dellafiora]].[^3][^4] Andre told Jacobsen that Dellafiora gave a phonetic rendering of the name of an Amal commander involved in the Higgins case, together with accurate details of his role and family, and that she identified where she believed Higgins was held and perceived him to be alive.[^1]
+
+Andre described himself as initially highly skeptical of [[Remote Viewing]]. He told Jacobsen that he came to regard Dellafiora's information as valuable to the overall mission, called her access to such sensitive information astonishing, and said her sessions continued through 113 sessions dedicated to the search for Higgins.[^1]
+
+### The Sun Streak session record
+
+The mirror of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] STARGATE collection holds several hundred project 8808 items. The first Viewer 079 session in the series is dated February 18, 1988, the day after the abduction.[^3] The session sheets carry a standard header ("PROJECT SUN STREAK," "PROJECT NUMBER: 8808," "CLASSIFIED BY: DIA (DT)," "DECLASSIFY: OADR") and a mission line. A February 28, 1988 session by Viewer 011, conducted at the DIA on Bolling Air Force Base, took as its mission to determine the present location of Higgins and to describe his state and experiences; the session comments record that the viewer worked in unfamiliar surroundings, felt pressure because of the importance of the target, and was disturbed by aircraft noise from [[Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport]].[^5]
+
+A July 1988 Viewer 079 session (reported July 7, 1988) was tasked to "determine the projected date and describe the circumstances related to the release" of Higgins, the eight other American hostages, the West German [[Rudolf Cordes]] and [[Terry Waite]], taking into account the shooting down of an Iranian airliner by the [[USS Vincennes]] on July 4, 1988, the trial of [[Mohammed Ali Hamadei]] in West Germany, and Lebanese broadcasts threatening retaliatory killings of [[Edward Tracy]], [[Joseph Cicippio]] and [[Terry Anderson]]. The viewer's summary placed Higgins near [[Anan]] and two reservoirs north of "Hill 1006," described the captors as "tired and drained" and "somewhat disgruntled with instructions being received from Iran," and proposed that Israeli voice-intercept direction finding could locate him in transit.[^6]
+
+The series continued into 1989. A Viewer 079 session of August 3, 1989 (project number 8925, session 64) carried the mission to determine whether Higgins was dead or alive; its summary placed him at two locations, stated that it could not be determined whether he was alive, located Cicippio, Waite, [[Alan Steen]] and Tracy near Qaytulah, and described [[Abdul Karim Obeid]] as a "planner" in the kidnapping of Higgins.[^7]
+
+The session sheets identify the customer only as the DIA Analysis Center.[^2]

 ### Footnotes
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+
+[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017. Sole source for the passages so cited (Andre's statements, his initial skepticism, the 113 sessions).
+[^2]: Defense Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C., memorandum DT-S for Deputy Director for Scientific and Technical Intelligence, "SUN STREAK Operational Report - 8808 (U)," February 24, 1988, CIA-RDP96-00789R003400980001-7. https://archive.org/download/CIA-RDP96-00789R003400980001-7/CIA-RDP96-00789R003400980001-7_djvu.txt
+[^3]: "8808 WRV Session 1 - 18 Feb 88, Source 079, Summary, Notes & Drawings," CIA-RDP96-00789R003400750002-1; "8808 WRV Session 18 Report - 7 Jul 88, Source 079, Summary & Maps," CIA-RDP96-00789R003400640002-3. Titles as catalogued in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^4]: Dellafiora's use of written remote viewing: see the [[Angela Dellafiora]] page, citing the same collection.
+[^5]: "PROJECT SUN STREAK," project 8808, date of session February 28, 1988, Viewer 011, CIA-RDP96-00789R003401110001-1. https://archive.org/download/CIA-RDP96-00789R003401110001-1/CIA-RDP96-00789R003401110001-1_djvu.txt
+[^6]: "PROJECT SUN STREAK," project 8808, session of July 1988, report of July 7, 1988, with summary of information, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100100005-3 and CIA-RDP96-00789R002100100006-2. https://archive.org/download/CIA-RDP96-00789R002100100005-3/CIA-RDP96-00789R002100100005-3_djvu.txt
+[^7]: "8808-B Solo Session 64 Report, 3 Aug 89, Source 079, Summary & Notes," CIA-RDP96-00789R000400960001-2. https://archive.org/download/CIA-RDP96-00789R000400960001-2/CIA-RDP96-00789R000400960001-2_djvu.txt
--- a/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Lyn
+++ b/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Lyn
@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ After retiring from the Army, Buchanan founded Problems - Solutions - Innovation

 In 2003, Buchanan published *The Seventh Sense: The Secrets of Remote Viewing as Told by a "Psychic Spy" for the U.S. Military* (Hampton Roads Publishing), an account of his Army remote viewing experience and his understanding of the CRV process. The book drew on his experience as both viewer and unit data manager and provided one of the more technically detailed accounts of operational military remote viewing from the Fort Meade period.[^1]

-[[Edwin May]] wrote from the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory on September 21, 1995, that he had obtained a tape of "an hour program that aired a few weeks ago in England," Channel 4's version of [[Jim Schnabel]]'s Independent article, which "features [[Mel Riley]] and [[Ed Dames]] but includes interviews with MG (ret) [[Edmund Thompson|Ed Thompson]] (former ARMY ACSI), Adm. [[Stansfield Turner|Turner]], Dr. [[Hal Puthoff|Puthoff]], Lyn Buchanan, and [[John B. Alexander|John Alexander]]"; "in my opinion, the show is sensational and makes no attempt to separate fact from fiction. By implication it attempts (and perhaps accomplishes) to raise the credibility of Dames, Riley, and Alexander by association with generals, admirals and the Intelligence community."[^900]
+[[Edwin May]] wrote from the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory on September 21, 1995, that he had obtained a tape of "an hour program that aired a few weeks ago in England," Channel 4's version of [[Jim Schnabel]]'s Independent article, which "features [[Mel Riley]] and [[Ed Dames]] but includes interviews with MG (ret) [[Edmund Thompson|Ed Thompson]] (former ARMY ACSI), Adm. [[Stansfield Turner|Turner]], Dr. [[Hal Puthoff|Puthoff]], Lyn Buchanan, and [[John B. Alexander|John Alexander]]"; "in my opinion, the show is sensational and makes no attempt to separate fact from fiction. By implication it attempts (and perhaps accomplishes) to raise the credibility of Dames, Riley, and Alexander by association with generals, admirals and the Intelligence community."[^2]

 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017. Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997.
-[^900]: May, Edwin, Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, "Re: Publicity and things," September 21, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030077-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: May, Edwin, Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, "Re: Publicity and things," September 21, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030077-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Manfred
+++ b/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Manfred
@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ Manfred Gale, of the Army staff at the Pentagon (office symbol DAMA-ZD, under th

 The Defense Department's Grill Flame committee under [[Jack Vorona]] of [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]] heard on November 27, 1979, that the report "had not been completed," one member "questioned the substantive expertise of the Gale Committee," and the group asked to see it "prior to it being given to any other party or group." Gale briefed it on January 10, 1980: "Mr. Gale's briefing was not received favorably by the Grill Flame group. There were many substantive reservations based upon errors in both facts and analysis. The report was, in the view of the group, misleading and inadequate." Major [[William Stoner]], the committee's own coordinator, wrote after Gale's briefing of January 14 that Gale "has, in briefing the report here and elsewhere, done a great deal of verbalizing (shading) issues, personal opinion, 'faction,' and general guesswork not contained anywhere in the report. Some of it is just plain misleading"; that his claim of having "rejected two people who had pronounced tendencies to be nonobjective" was false as to [[Ray Hyman]], "rejected not because of any action by Gale, but because of a protest memo from MG [[Edmund Thompson|Thompson]] to Dr LaBerge"; that "the Gale report is big, but weak"; and that Gale, "selling the report around the Pentagon," "should be thanked by the DoD Steering Committee and allowed or told to quietly go his way." On January 25, 1980, Gale asked Stoner to distribute 27 copies of the report, with LaBerge's "official copy by Monday, 28 Jan."[^2]

-Gale's Army title was "Advisor for RDA Analysis, ODCSRDA." On August 8, 1979, the Under Secretary's military assistant wrote that "the Under Secretary would like you to brief" [[Ruth Davis]] and a Mr. Nealsen "with the same informal briefing that you gave him," that Nealsen "will also ask that you brief Admiral Murphy in the same way," and that "Dr. LaBerge discussed your proposed change in test design with USAMSAA. They are taking action to implement the proposal at this time." A month earlier his office had been told that [[Harry Snyder]] "has been asked in place of Dr. Hyman." Lieutenant Colonel [[Murray Watt]]'s message of November 1979 from Fort Meade recorded that "Mr Manfred Gale (Team Chief) assured LTC Watt that INSCOM would be provided with a copy of the team's report when it was finalized," and that his office was "anxious to see their recommendations concerning our program in particular and the DoD program as a whole."[^903]
+Gale's Army title was "Advisor for RDA Analysis, ODCSRDA." On August 8, 1979, the Under Secretary's military assistant wrote that "the Under Secretary would like you to brief" [[Ruth Davis]] and a Mr. Nealsen "with the same informal briefing that you gave him," that Nealsen "will also ask that you brief Admiral Murphy in the same way," and that "Dr. LaBerge discussed your proposed change in test design with USAMSAA. They are taking action to implement the proposal at this time." A month earlier his office had been told that [[Harry Snyder]] "has been asked in place of Dr. Hyman." Lieutenant Colonel [[Murray Watt]]'s message of November 1979 from Fort Meade recorded that "Mr Manfred Gale (Team Chief) assured LTC Watt that INSCOM would be provided with a copy of the team's report when it was finalized," and that his office was "anxious to see their recommendations concerning our program in particular and the DoD program as a whole."[^3]

 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
 [^2]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 27 November 1979," S-1168/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1, and "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 10 January 1980," S-1008/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1, both signed Jack Vorona, chairman. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Stoner, William L., Major, GS, "Memorandum of Conversation, Subject: Gale Briefing to ZA, Science Evaluation Group Final Report on GRILL FLAME, 14 Jan 80," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230017-7. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Gale, M., "Distribution of GRILL FLAME Reports," memorandum for Major Stoner, ACSI, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Research, Development and Acquisition, January 25, 1980, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230023-0; three CIA Reading Room items of February 13, 1980, are titled "Scientific Evaluation Committee (SEC) Grill Flame Report, Dated November 1979" (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000250025-7, R001100080007-6, R001200230026-7). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^903]: "Grill Flame Review Panel Members," undated roster, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230008-7; Office of the Under Secretary of the Army, memorandum for Mr. Manny Gale, July 17, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230004-1; K. Lytle, Major, Military Assistant, memorandum for Mr. Gale, Advisor for RDA Analysis, ODCSRDA, "Briefing for Dr. Ruth Davis and Mr. Nealsen," August 8, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230013-1; Snyder to Gale, undated (catalogued May 11, 1979, but referring to October and a visit of September 28), CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230038-4, and November 19, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230042-9; "Findings," "Recommendations," "Estimated Costs," unsigned, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230043-8; SSO Meade to SSO ACSI DA, "Grill Flame DoD Science Evaluation Team Report," LTC Watt, November 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230047-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: "Grill Flame Review Panel Members," undated roster, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230008-7; Office of the Under Secretary of the Army, memorandum for Mr. Manny Gale, July 17, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230004-1; K. Lytle, Major, Military Assistant, memorandum for Mr. Gale, Advisor for RDA Analysis, ODCSRDA, "Briefing for Dr. Ruth Davis and Mr. Nealsen," August 8, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230013-1; Snyder to Gale, undated (catalogued May 11, 1979, but referring to October and a visit of September 28), CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230038-4, and November 19, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230042-9; "Findings," "Recommendations," "Estimated Costs," unsigned, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230043-8; SSO Meade to SSO ACSI DA, "Grill Flame DoD Science Evaluation Team Report," LTC Watt, November 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230047-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Marcus
+++ b/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Marcus
@ -12,25 +12,25 @@ location: Oakland, California
 created: 2026-06-03
 updated: 2026-06-03
 ---
-Marcus Albert Foster was born March 31, 1923, in [[Athens]], [[Georgia]], and moved to [[Philadelphia]] at age three as part of the Great Migration. He earned a doctorate in education from the [[University of Pennsylvania]] and built a distinguished career in the Philadelphia public school system from 1957 to 1970, rising from teacher to principal to Associate Superintendent for Community Relations.[^3]
+Marcus Albert Foster was born March 31, 1923, in [[Athens]], [[Georgia]], and moved to [[Philadelphia]] at age three as part of the Great Migration. He earned a doctorate in education from the [[University of Pennsylvania]] and built a distinguished career in the Philadelphia public school system from 1957 to 1970, rising from teacher to principal to Associate Superintendent for Community Relations.[^1]

 ### Oakland Superintendency

-In 1970, Foster was appointed the first African-American superintendent of [[Oakland]], [[California]]'s public school system, a district serving predominantly minority students in communities facing poverty and underinvestment. He was known for raising academic expectations, negotiating with diverse political factions, and working to improve educational outcomes in underserved schools. He developed a proposed student identification card system designed to reduce vagrancy and keep non-student drug dealers off campus, though the program was already being modified in response to community concerns.[^3]
+In 1970, Foster was appointed the first African-American superintendent of [[Oakland]], [[California]]'s public school system, a district serving predominantly minority students in communities facing poverty and underinvestment. He was known for raising academic expectations, negotiating with diverse political factions, and working to improve educational outcomes in underserved schools. He developed a proposed student identification card system designed to reduce vagrancy and keep non-student drug dealers off campus, though the program was already being modified in response to community concerns.[^1]

 ### Assassination

-On November 6, 1973, Foster was shot eight times with hollow-point bullets packed with cyanide as he left a school board meeting. His deputy superintendent, [[Robert Blackburn]], was critically wounded but survived. The [[Symbionese Liberation Army]], led by [[Donald DeFreeze]], claimed responsibility. According to later accounts, SLA member [[Patricia Soltysik]] fired the fatal shots while [[DeFreeze]] wounded [[Blackburn]] with a shotgun. The SLA justified the killing by citing Foster's student ID proposal, characterizing it as "fascist."[^1][^3]
+On November 6, 1973, Foster was shot eight times with hollow-point bullets packed with cyanide as he left a school board meeting. His deputy superintendent, [[Robert Blackburn]], was critically wounded but survived. The [[Symbionese Liberation Army]], led by [[Donald DeFreeze]], claimed responsibility. According to later accounts, SLA member [[Patricia Soltysik]] fired the fatal shots while [[DeFreeze]] wounded [[Blackburn]] with a shotgun. The SLA justified the killing by citing Foster's student ID proposal, characterizing it as "fascist."[^1][^2]

 ### The Intelligence Dimension

-Two weeks before the assassination, a neo-Nazi group had distributed a flyer predicting Foster's death. Witnesses described "Black men" fleeing the scene, but the arrested suspects were white. Blackface makeup was discovered in their apartments. The SLA at the time of the murder was led by Donald DeFreeze, a career criminal and [[Los Angeles Police Department|LAPD]] informant who had been recruited at [[Vacaville]] prison by [[CIA]] psychological warfare specialist [[Colston Westbrook]], an employee of CIA proprietary [[Pacific Architects and Engineers]]. The assassination of a prominent Black educator by a manufactured radical group led by an informant and mentored by a CIA operative raised questions about whether the killing served broader counterintelligence objectives.[^1]
+Two weeks before the assassination, a neo-Nazi group had distributed a flyer predicting Foster's death. Witnesses described "Black men" fleeing the scene, but the arrested suspects were white. Blackface makeup was discovered in their apartments. The SLA at the time of the murder was led by Donald DeFreeze, a career criminal and [[Los Angeles Police Department|LAPD]] informant who had been recruited at [[Vacaville]] prison by [[CIA]] psychological warfare specialist [[Colston Westbrook]], an employee of CIA proprietary [[Pacific Architects and Engineers]]. The assassination of a prominent Black educator by a manufactured radical group led by an informant and mentored by a CIA operative raised questions about whether the killing served broader counterintelligence objectives.[^2]

 ### Memorials and Convictions

-The Oakland Education Institute was renamed the [[Marcus A. Foster Education Institute]] in his honor. Fellowships and scholarships were established at the University of Pennsylvania and [[UC Berkeley]]. [[Joe Remiro]] was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment, serving 47 years before receiving parole. [[Russ Little]] was released after serving five years.[^3]
+The Oakland Education Institute was renamed the [[Marcus A. Foster Education Institute]] in his honor. Fellowships and scholarships were established at the University of Pennsylvania and [[UC Berkeley]]. [[Joe Remiro]] was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment, serving 47 years before receiving parole. [[Russ Little]] was released after serving five years.[^1]

 ### Footnotes

-[^1]: Curt Rowlett, "Project Mind Kontrol: Did the U.S. Government Actually Create Programmed Assassins?," Steamshovel Press #16, 1998.
-[^3]: "50 Years After He Was Assassinated, Why Marcus Foster Is More Relevant Than Ever," *EdSource*, November 2023. https://edsource.org/2023/50-years-after-he-was-assassinated-why-marcus-foster-is-more-relevant-than-ever/688423; "Marcus A. Foster (1923-1973)," BlackPast.org. https://blackpast.org/african-american-history/marcus-foster-1923-1973/; "The Assassination of Oakland Schools Chief Marcus Foster by Members of the SLA," Local News Matters, November 27, 2018. https://localnewsmatters.org/2018/11/27/the-assassination-of-oakland-schools-chief-marcus-foster-by-members-of-the-sla/
+[^1]: "50 Years After He Was Assassinated, Why Marcus Foster Is More Relevant Than Ever," *EdSource*, November 2023. https://edsource.org/2023/50-years-after-he-was-assassinated-why-marcus-foster-is-more-relevant-than-ever/688423; "Marcus A. Foster (1923-1973)," BlackPast.org. https://blackpast.org/african-american-history/marcus-foster-1923-1973/; "The Assassination of Oakland Schools Chief Marcus Foster by Members of the SLA," Local News Matters, November 27, 2018. https://localnewsmatters.org/2018/11/27/the-assassination-of-oakland-schools-chief-marcus-foster-by-members-of-the-sla/
+[^2]: Curt Rowlett, "Project Mind Kontrol: Did the U.S. Government Actually Create Programmed Assassins?," Steamshovel Press #16, 1998.
--- a/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Peter
+++ b/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Peter
@ -1,19 +1,53 @@
 ---
-category: "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
+aliases:
+  - Peter Crane
+category: "Scientists & Researchers"
 tags:
  - Person
  - Pseudonym
-  - RemoteViewer
-summary: "Peter Crane is the pseudonym Jim Schnabel gave a Lawrence Livermore physicist who ran off-hours tests of Uri Geller in late 1974 and called the CIA's Kit Green about the apparitions that followed."
+  - Physicist
+  - LawrenceLivermore
+  - UriGeller
+  - KitGreen
+  - Psychokinesis
+summary: "Pseudonym used by Jim Schnabel in Remote Viewers (1997) for the Livermore physicist who led unofficial Geller tests in late 1974 and telephoned the CIA analyst called Richard Kennett."
+location: "Livermore, California"
+relations:
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]"
+    start: 1974
+    role: "physicist; pseudonym of an unnamed person in Schnabel (1997)"
+    fn: 3
+  - type: investigated
+    with: "[[Uri Geller]]"
+    start: 1974
+    role: "organized after-hours metal-bending and laser tests with colleagues, per Schnabel"
+    fn: 3
+created: 2026-05-22
+updated: 2026-10-05
 ---

-Peter Crane is the pseudonym [[Jim Schnabel]] gave a physicist at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL) in *[[Remote Viewers]]* (1997).[^2] In Schnabel's account, in late 1974, concerned about the potential security threat posed by psychic abilities, Crane, along with security officer [[Ron Robertson]] and others, began conducting their own experiments with [[Uri Geller]] outside of work hours.[^1]
+Peter Crane is the name [[Jim Schnabel]] gave to a physicist at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL) in *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies* (Dell, 1997). The *Grey Lodge Occult Review*, quoted by Rudy Havenstein, stated that "the names Richard Kennett, Peter Crane, Mike Russo and Don Kurtis... are pseudonyms employed by Mr. Schnabel," and identified "Kennett" as [[Kit Green]].[^1] [[Uri Geller]] and [[Charles Panati]] name the engineer [[R. S. Hawke]] as Geller's 1974 host at the laboratory.[^2]

-Crane and his group tested Geller's psychokinetic abilities, including metal-bending and attempts to deflect laser beams. While their tests concluded that Geller's abilities were not effective over long distances, Crane was one of the Livermore personnel who experienced a series of bizarre, hallucination-inducing phenomena after their involvement with Geller. These included visions of hovering, monochrome flying saucers and strange animals.[^1]
+### Schnabel's account

-Overwhelmed by these experiences, Crane contacted [[Kit Green]] of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] for help. Green investigated the situation, which included a strange metallic voice on an audiotape that pronounced the code name of a highly classified government project unknown to Crane or his colleagues. The apparitions eventually ceased after the Livermore group stopped their research activities with Geller.[^1]
+In Schnabel's narrative, in late 1974 a group at Livermore, concerned that psychokinesis might threaten nuclear weapons, ran its own off-hours experiments with Geller; the group included the security officer [[Ron Robertson]].[^3] Crane's group recorded a Geller metal-bending session on audiotape, videotape and still film, including an infrared camera. According to Schnabel, the developed film showed "two diffuse patches of radiation" on an upper laboratory wall that grew for a few frames and faded, and the audiotape held "a distinctive, metallic-sounding voice, unheard during the actual experiment," speaking "a few apparently random words strung together."[^3]

---
+In the following days and weeks, Schnabel writes, "Peter Crane and some of the others in the Livermore group quickly found themselves involved in more strangeness than they could handle." Members of the group, in the laboratory together or at home with their wives and children, saw a hovering, gray monochrome flying saucer about eight inches across, "almost comically stereotypical"; a physicist he calls [[Mike Russo]] and his wife saw a giant raven-like bird at the foot of their bed. After a few weeks, Schnabel writes, "Peter Crane decided to call for help," and telephoned Richard Kennett.[^3]

-[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies*. Dell, 1997.
-[^2]: Havenstein, Rudy. "Dr. Green and the Goblins of Langley." Substack, July 11, 2025, https://rudy.substack.com/p/dr-green-and-the-goblins-of-langley, quoting *Grey Lodge Occult Review* 1, no. 5: "The names Richard Kennett, Peter Crane, Mike Russo and Don Kurtis which appear below are pseudonyms employed by Mr. Schnabel."
+Schnabel's Kennett had already visited Livermore as a CIA analyst to ask Crane and the others about their Geller results. On a Saturday morning "at the end of an otherwise unrelated trip to the San Francisco Bay Area" he met Crane in a coffee shop in the town of Livermore, and then held long meetings with Russo and the others. Schnabel gives Kennett's reasoning that Crane, Russo and the rest "had no history of involvement in the occult" and held top-secret clearances that had required psychological screening.[^3] The two or three intelligible words on the audiotape, Schnabel writes, were recognized by Kennett as "the code name of a very closely held government project" unconnected to psychic research and unknown to the Livermore group; Kennett reported the incident to CIA security, which "filed it away, and wondered if Dr. Kennett might be getting a little too close to his subject matter."[^3]
+
+Schnabel states that the matter ended after Russo complained of a telephone call from the metallic voice demanding that the group stop its Geller work; the group stopped and "within a month, the bizarre apparitions faded away."[^3] The last apparition, to a physicist he calls [[Don Curtis]], led Kennett to demand a meeting with [[Hal Puthoff]] and [[Russell Targ]] in Washington, during which a one-armed man in a gray suit knocked on the hotel room door.[^3]
+
+### Other accounts
+
+[[Annie Jacobsen]]'s *Phenomena* (2017) places the Livermore tests in the winter of 1975, in a wooden World War II barracks, with the AEC officer Ron Robertson, not a physicist, telephoning Kit Green after the second day.[^4] A CIA staff report records a telephone call of October 23, 1974 in which an AEC security officer at Livermore reported two days of testing Geller with forty AEC scientists.[^5] The review of Jonathan Margolis's *The Secret Life of Uri Geller* in *Lobster* summarizes the episode as a "group of scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory... working on 'the Geller effect'," and gives Kit Green as the source of the story.[^6]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Rudy Havenstein, "Dr. Green and the Goblins of Langley," Substack, July 11, 2025, https://rudy.substack.com/p/dr-green-and-the-goblins-of-langley, quoting *Grey Lodge Occult Review* 1, no. 5: "The names Richard Kennett, Peter Crane, Mike Russo and Don Kurtis which appear below are pseudonyms employed by Mr. Schnabel."
+[^2]: Charles Panati, ed., *The Geller Papers* (Houghton Mifflin, 1976), introduction, https://urigeller.com/scientific-paranormal/the-geller-papers/introduction/; Uri Geller and Guy Lyon Playfair, *The Geller Effect* (Jonathan Cape, 1986).
+[^3]: Jim Schnabel, *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies* (New York: Dell, 1997), chapter on Kennett and Livermore, as excerpted at https://rudy.substack.com/p/dr-green-and-the-goblins-of-langley. Sole source for the passages so cited; Schnabel uses pseudonyms for the Livermore physicists.
+[^4]: Annie Jacobsen, *Phenomena* (Little, Brown, 2017).
+[^5]: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010023-0, https://archive.org/download/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp79-00999a000200010023-0/cia-rdp79-00999a000200010023-0_djvu.txt.
+[^6]: *Lobster* 67 (2014), review of Jonathan Margolis, *The Secret Life of Uri Geller: CIA Masterspy?* (Watkins, 2013), https://www.lobster-magazine.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/lob67-higher-strangeness.pdf.
--- a/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Robert
+++ b/PEOPLE/(A-G)/Robert
@ -30,40 +30,40 @@ relations:
    with: "[[UFO Cover-Up Live]]"
    start: 1988-10-14
    role: "shadowed interviewee code-named Condor, as alleged by Collins; identified to Robert Hastings in December 1988 by a member of the production team, per Hastings"
-    fn: 3
+    fn: 2
 created: 2026-10-03
 updated: 2026-10-03
 ---

-Robert M. Collins wrote that he came to the UFO subject in the summer of 1985 as an analyst in theoretical and applied physics at the [[Foreign Technology Division]] (FTD) of [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]], [[Ohio]], now the [[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]], and that in the group around [[William L. Moore]] he was given the bird name Condor.[^1] [[Robert Hastings]] reported on March 1, 1989 that a member of the production team of [[UFO Cover-Up Live]] had identified the second source on the program, Condor, as Collins, then recently a captain in the [[U.S. Air Force]] at [[Kirtland Air Force Base]], and that "both Doty and Collins deny any involvement in the [[Majestic-12|MJ-12]] affair."[^3] The copyright page of *[[Exempt from Disclosure]]: The Black World of UFOs* ([[Peregrine Communications]], 2010) names Collins as author, with [[Richard Doty]] and [[Timothy S. Cooper]] as "contributors and writers."[^1]
+Robert M. Collins wrote that he came to the UFO subject in the summer of 1985 as an analyst in theoretical and applied physics at the [[Foreign Technology Division]] (FTD) of [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]], [[Ohio]], now the [[National Air and Space Intelligence Center]], and that in the group around [[William L. Moore]] he was given the bird name Condor.[^1] [[Robert Hastings]] reported on March 1, 1989 that a member of the production team of [[UFO Cover-Up Live]] had identified the second source on the program, Condor, as Collins, then recently a captain in the [[U.S. Air Force]] at [[Kirtland Air Force Base]], and that "both Doty and Collins deny any involvement in the [[Majestic-12|MJ-12]] affair."[^2] The copyright page of *[[Exempt from Disclosure]]: The Black World of UFOs* ([[Peregrine Communications]], 2010) names Collins as author, with [[Richard Doty]] and [[Timothy S. Cooper]] as "contributors and writers."[^1]

 ### Service, as described by Collins

-Collins wrote that his FTD assignment began in the summer of 1985 and that he had "18 years" in the subject by the time of writing, against Doty's "20 + years."[^1] He described himself as an FTD analyst in the areas of theoretical and applied physics, and in the account of his meetings in 1988 as "stationed at Kirtland AFB, [[Air Force Weapons Laboratory|Air Force Weapons Lab]]."[^1] Hastings, who wrote that he knew "very little" about Collins, reported that at his departure from the Air Force, in late 1988, Collins was a captain assigned to a plasma physics group at [[Sandia National Laboratories]] on Kirtland.[^3] [[Mark Pilkington]] called Collins "a former Air Force physicist."[^4] Collins wrote that he once had a "[[Detachment 22|DET 22]]" escort on a mission in [[Germany]] and [[France]]; that detachment, he wrote, accompanies personnel in technical intelligence capacities on risky travel.[^1]
+Collins wrote that his FTD assignment began in the summer of 1985 and that he had "18 years" in the subject by the time of writing, against Doty's "20 + years."[^1] He described himself as an FTD analyst in the areas of theoretical and applied physics, and in the account of his meetings in 1988 as "stationed at Kirtland AFB, [[Air Force Weapons Laboratory|Air Force Weapons Lab]]."[^1] Hastings, who wrote that he knew "very little" about Collins, reported that at his departure from the Air Force, in late 1988, Collins was a captain assigned to a plasma physics group at [[Sandia National Laboratories]] on Kirtland.[^2] [[Mark Pilkington]] called Collins "a former Air Force physicist."[^3] Collins wrote that he once had a "[[Detachment 22|DET 22]]" escort on a mission in [[Germany]] and [[France]]; that detachment, he wrote, accompanies personnel in technical intelligence capacities on risky travel.[^1]

 ### The group around Moore

 Collins wrote that FTD led him to ask about stories of bodies stored at Wright-Patterson, and so to retired Lieutenant Colonel [[Ernie Kellerstrauss|Ernie Kellerstrass]], whose last assignment had been FTD and who in 1985 worked for [[Systems Research Laboratories]] in [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]]. According to Collins, Kellerstrass named [[Anthony J. Cacioppo]], then chief FTD scientist, and [[Dale Graff]], reassigned from FTD to the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]], as informed, and described a meeting at a ski lodge north of [[Albuquerque]] in 1968 about a wave of sightings.[^1] In the spring of 1986, on a temporary duty trip to consult the technical staff of [[TRW]] in [[Los Angeles]], Collins met Moore in his motel room for about an hour; Moore mentioned a "Mr. X" who had contacted him in 1980.[^1] Collins wrote that from 1986 onward Moore, [[Jaime Shandera]], Kellerstrass, Doty, [[Hal Puthoff]] (from 1987), [[Kit Green]] (from 1989) and he held a series of meetings, referring to MJ-12 as "the Committee," while the introduction to the same book dates the group's coming together to 1985.[^1]

-In the fall of 1987, he wrote, Kellerstrass hosted Moore, Shandera, Puthoff, Colonel [[John B. Alexander]], "Scott Jones (assistant for Senator Pell)" ([[C.B. Scott Jones]], aide to [[Claiborne Pell]]) and Collins at dinner at his house in [[Beavercreek, Ohio]].[^1] The bird names, by his account, were Doty "the surrogate 'Falcon' when the real Falcon (DIA's, Dale Graff?) couldn't be found," Kellerstrass "Hawk," Puthoff "Partridge," Jones "Hummingbird," Green "Blue Jay," Alexander "Chickadee," and himself "Condor."[^1] He also wrote of "Heron ([[Jerry Miller]])."[^1] In the references he wrote that "in June/July 2012 the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Falcon was disclosed as none other than" [[Harry Rositzke]], who died on November 4, 2002 in [[Warrenton, Virginia]]; that "very few people were in a position to know who the real Falcon was," the two he knew of being Moore and Doty; that Moore "provided a name to his friend [[Greg Bishop]] in 2005"; that [[Brian Parks]], who had known Moore closely from the early 1980s until he left UFO research around 1994, "gave Brian the very same name as Bishop had"; and, in another reference, that "according to Bill Moore and known by Rick Doty it's Harry August Rositzke, born in [[New York]], 1910." He added a redacted 1961 [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] memorandum on Rositzke supplied by Parks and Parks's statement of "07-20-012." The name is Collins's report of what Moore said to others; Moore did not publish it.[^1] Moore had said in 1989 that he and Jaime Shandera invented the name Falcon in 1984 and that hints in 1987 that Doty was Falcon were a diversion.[^7] Pilkington asked whether Colonel [[Barry Hennessey]], who ran the AFOSI special projects unit at the [[Pentagon]] during the MJ-12 release and the Bennewitz affair and later directed Air Force counterintelligence and special program security, was Falcon, and wrote that Hennessey and Moore had both denied it.[^4]
+In the fall of 1987, he wrote, Kellerstrass hosted Moore, Shandera, Puthoff, Colonel [[John B. Alexander]], "Scott Jones (assistant for Senator Pell)" ([[C.B. Scott Jones]], aide to [[Claiborne Pell]]) and Collins at dinner at his house in [[Beavercreek, Ohio]].[^1] The bird names, by his account, were Doty "the surrogate 'Falcon' when the real Falcon (DIA's, Dale Graff?) couldn't be found," Kellerstrass "Hawk," Puthoff "Partridge," Jones "Hummingbird," Green "Blue Jay," Alexander "Chickadee," and himself "Condor."[^1] He also wrote of "Heron ([[Jerry Miller]])."[^1] In the references he wrote that "in June/July 2012 the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] Falcon was disclosed as none other than" [[Harry Rositzke]], who died on November 4, 2002 in [[Warrenton, Virginia]]; that "very few people were in a position to know who the real Falcon was," the two he knew of being Moore and Doty; that Moore "provided a name to his friend [[Greg Bishop]] in 2005"; that [[Brian Parks]], who had known Moore closely from the early 1980s until he left UFO research around 1994, "gave Brian the very same name as Bishop had"; and, in another reference, that "according to Bill Moore and known by Rick Doty it's Harry August Rositzke, born in [[New York]], 1910." He added a redacted 1961 [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] memorandum on Rositzke supplied by Parks and Parks's statement of "07-20-012." The name is Collins's report of what Moore said to others; Moore did not publish it.[^1] Moore had said in 1989 that he and Jaime Shandera invented the name Falcon in 1984 and that hints in 1987 that Doty was Falcon were a diversion.[^4] Pilkington asked whether Colonel [[Barry Hennessey]], who ran the AFOSI special projects unit at the [[Pentagon]] during the MJ-12 release and the Bennewitz affair and later directed Air Force counterintelligence and special program security, was Falcon, and wrote that Hennessey and Moore had both denied it.[^3]

 ### Howe and Lear, November 1987

-Hastings wrote that [[Linda Moulton Howe]] told him that in November 1987 Collins was "frantically" trying to meet her in Albuquerque; that at the meeting, also attended by [[John Lear]], Collins showed them MJ-12 documents "primarily relating to a live alien allegedly held captive by the U.S. Government"; and that Collins said he had worked "behind the scenes" with Moore for years.[^3] Howe's own book does not name Collins.[^5]
+Hastings wrote that [[Linda Moulton Howe]] told him that in November 1987 Collins was "frantically" trying to meet her in Albuquerque; that at the meeting, also attended by [[John Lear]], Collins showed them MJ-12 documents "primarily relating to a live alien allegedly held captive by the U.S. Government"; and that Collins said he had worked "behind the scenes" with Moore for years.[^2] Howe's own book does not name Collins.[^5]

 ### The program, 1988

-Collins wrote that in August 1988 he, Moore, Shandera, Doty and Kellerstrass met at a state park near Dayton under arrangements Kellerstrass drew up, with the executive producer [[Michael Seligman]] present; that Seligman wanted to see picture identification and engaged a congressional investigator, and that the men "all checked out."[^1] In September 1988, in Albuquerque, Moore and Shandera filmed him as Condor.[^1] He wrote that after the broadcast of October 14 two high-level contacts approached Moore and Shandera, and that in April 1989 he attended a "mini-summit" at an Albuquerque motel with Puthoff, Green, Doty, Moore and Shandera on "the aftershocks" and "disclosure strategies" proposed by Green.[^1] Howe quoted Condor on the program as saying that an agreement had been signed with the extraterrestrials under which "we won't disclose your (ET) existence if you do not interfere in our (Earth human) society," and that the base was at [[Area 51]], "Dreamland."[^5] Moore said on July 1, 1989 that he was "convinced that at least some of that information falls under the category of disinformation" and "equally convinced that some of it is true."[^7] [[Barry Greenwood]] wrote in *[[Just Cause]]* in September 1989 that "a fair portion of the last hour [was] wasted in presenting what Moore admits to be false data."[^6]
+Collins wrote that in August 1988 he, Moore, Shandera, Doty and Kellerstrass met at a state park near Dayton under arrangements Kellerstrass drew up, with the executive producer [[Michael Seligman]] present; that Seligman wanted to see picture identification and engaged a congressional investigator, and that the men "all checked out."[^1] In September 1988, in Albuquerque, Moore and Shandera filmed him as Condor.[^1] He wrote that after the broadcast of October 14 two high-level contacts approached Moore and Shandera, and that in April 1989 he attended a "mini-summit" at an Albuquerque motel with Puthoff, Green, Doty, Moore and Shandera on "the aftershocks" and "disclosure strategies" proposed by Green.[^1] Howe quoted Condor on the program as saying that an agreement had been signed with the extraterrestrials under which "we won't disclose your (ET) existence if you do not interfere in our (Earth human) society," and that the base was at [[Area 51]], "Dreamland."[^5] Moore said on July 1, 1989 that he was "convinced that at least some of that information falls under the category of disinformation" and "equally convinced that some of it is true."[^4] [[Barry Greenwood]] wrote in *[[Just Cause]]* in September 1989 that "a fair portion of the last hour [was] wasted in presenting what Moore admits to be false data."[^6]

 ### Later publications

-Pilkington wrote that Collins and Doty "would reunite in 2005 as the authors of *Exempt from Disclosure*," cited the book as published by Peregrine Communications in 2006, and described Collins as one of the people who might be reached by telephone during the 2005 [[Serpo]] episode alongside Doty.[^4] Collins signed the book's introduction "Author: http://www.ufoconspiracy.com/."[^1] The archive.org copy carries a copyright notice of 2010 and refers to events of June and July 2012, so the passages on Rositzke come from a later revision than the editions Pilkington cited.[^1] Among the "Bird Code" samples the book prints, dated "87/88," one reads that "the Eagle mated with the Blue Jay," that "the new breed and rarest bird is called the Condor," and that "the Condor must open the apartment."[^1]
+Pilkington wrote that Collins and Doty "would reunite in 2005 as the authors of *Exempt from Disclosure*," cited the book as published by Peregrine Communications in 2006, and described Collins as one of the people who might be reached by telephone during the 2005 [[Serpo]] episode alongside Doty.[^3] Collins signed the book's introduction "Author: http://www.ufoconspiracy.com/."[^1] The archive.org copy carries a copyright notice of 2010 and refers to events of June and July 2012, so the passages on Rositzke come from a later revision than the editions Pilkington cited.[^1] Among the "Bird Code" samples the book prints, dated "87/88," one reads that "the Eagle mated with the Blue Jay," that "the new breed and rarest bird is called the Condor," and that "the Condor must open the apartment."[^1]

 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: Robert Collins and Richard Doty, *Exempt from Disclosure: The Black World of UFOs*, introduction, Section 1 (Chapter 1, "FTD Is Not a Florist," with the sections "Go west as they say," "Summits without the Cocktails, the fall of 1987," "And We Became Birds: The Aviary," "August 1988: Cloak & Dagger," "September 1988," "April 1989") and Section 2, Chapter 4 with references; Internet Archive copy, https://archive.org/details/exempt-from-disclosure (copyright notice 2010, Peregrine Communications; text cites material of June and July 2012; ISBN printed as 09766426-2-/ and 978-0976642626). Collins's account is the sole source for the passages so cited.
-[^3]: Robert Hastings, "The MJ-12 Affair: Facts, Questions, Comments," March 1, 1989, Wayback Machine capture of October 28, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20161028084620/http://www.sacred-texts.com/ufo/hastings.htm. The production-team member who named Collins is not identified in the text. Howe's account of November 1987 reaches the page through Hastings only.
-[^4]: Mark Pilkington, *Mirage Men* (Constable, 2010), chapters on Doty and on Serpo and chapter notes, https://avalonlibrary.net/ebooks/Mark%20Pilkington%20-%20Mirage%20Men%20-%20A%20Journey%20into%20Disinformation,%20Paranoia%20and%20UFOs.pdf
+[^2]: Robert Hastings, "The MJ-12 Affair: Facts, Questions, Comments," March 1, 1989, Wayback Machine capture of October 28, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20161028084620/http://www.sacred-texts.com/ufo/hastings.htm. The production-team member who named Collins is not identified in the text. Howe's account of November 1987 reaches the page through Hastings only.
+[^3]: Mark Pilkington, *Mirage Men* (Constable, 2010), chapters on Doty and on Serpo and chapter notes, https://avalonlibrary.net/ebooks/Mark%20Pilkington%20-%20Mirage%20Men%20-%20A%20Journey%20into%20Disinformation,%20Paranoia%20and%20UFOs.pdf
+[^4]: William L. Moore, address to the MUFON International UFO Symposium, Las Vegas, July 1, 1989, from the caption transcript of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUfimKiS-po (video of the Ron Regehr recording, Internet Archive item bill-moore-1989-mufon); names corrected from mis-rendered captions.
 [^5]: Howe, *An Alien Harvest*, 2nd ed., pp. 195 to 196 (statements of "Falcon" and "Condor" in the broadcast of October 14, 1988); the book's index lists "Condor" at p. 196 and has no entry for Collins.
 [^6]: "E B E's," part 17, UFO BBS file UFO1036, http://textfiles.com/ufo/UFOBBS/1000/1036.ufo, quoting Barry Greenwood, *Just Cause*, September 1989.
-[^7]: William L. Moore, address to the MUFON International UFO Symposium, Las Vegas, July 1, 1989, from the caption transcript of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUfimKiS-po (video of the Ron Regehr recording, Internet Archive item bill-moore-1989-mufon); names corrected from mis-rendered captions.
--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Charles
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Charles
@ -13,23 +13,23 @@ location: Corcoran, California
 created: 2026-06-03
 updated: 2026-06-03
 ---
-Charles Milles Manson was born November 12, 1934, in [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]], and spent his childhood in and out of institutions. By the time he arrived in [[San Francisco]]'s [[Haight-Ashbury]] district in 1967, following his release from the federal penitentiary at [[Terminal Island]], Manson had spent more than half his life in correctional facilities. What happened next, the transformation of a petty criminal into a cult leader who ordered the murders of seven people over two August nights in 1969, has remained one of the most scrutinized criminal cases in American history.[^1][^3]
+Charles Milles Manson was born November 12, 1934, in [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]], and spent his childhood in and out of institutions. By the time he arrived in [[San Francisco]]'s [[Haight-Ashbury]] district in 1967, following his release from the federal penitentiary at [[Terminal Island]], Manson had spent more than half his life in correctional facilities. What happened next, the transformation of a petty criminal into a cult leader who ordered the murders of seven people over two August nights in 1969, has remained one of the most scrutinized criminal cases in American history.[^1][^2]

 ### The Haight-Ashbury Period

-Manson was released from prison on March 21, 1967, the same year the [[CIA]] launched [[Operation CHAOS]], a domestic surveillance program targeting anti-war and counterculture movements under Director of Central Intelligence [[Richard Helms]]. In San Francisco, Manson's parole officer was [[Roger Smith]], based at the [[Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic]] founded by Dr. [[David E. Smith|David Smith]]. The clinic was a nexus for counterculture health services, but it also sat directly adjacent to a facility operated by [[Louis Jolyon West|Dr. Louis Jolyon West]], the [[UCLA]] psychiatrist who headed [[MKULTRA]] Subproject 43 and had been cleared at Top Secret level by the CIA. Manson attended weekly meetings with his parole officer at the clinic, and members of the Manson Family used the clinic for medical treatment.[^3]
+Manson was released from prison on March 21, 1967, the same year the [[CIA]] launched [[Operation CHAOS]], a domestic surveillance program targeting anti-war and counterculture movements under Director of Central Intelligence [[Richard Helms]]. In San Francisco, Manson's parole officer was [[Roger Smith]], based at the [[Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic]] founded by Dr. [[David E. Smith|David Smith]]. The clinic was a nexus for counterculture health services, but it also sat directly adjacent to a facility operated by [[Louis Jolyon West|Dr. Louis Jolyon West]], the [[UCLA]] psychiatrist who headed [[MKULTRA]] Subproject 43 and had been cleared at Top Secret level by the CIA. Manson attended weekly meetings with his parole officer at the clinic, and members of the Manson Family used the clinic for medical treatment.[^2]

 ### The Parole Question

-Research into the case found that parole officer Roger Smith should have recommended Manson's return to prison for repeated drug violations but instead tried to arrange for Manson to live in [[Mexico]], which would have made supervision impossible. A retired deputy district attorney involved in the investigation stated that "somebody wanted him out there."[^3] Manson's criminal record, drug use, and probation violations provided ample grounds for revocation, yet authorities at every level permitted him to continue operating freely in the Haight-Ashbury and later in [[Los Angeles]].[^3]
+Research into the case found that parole officer Roger Smith should have recommended Manson's return to prison for repeated drug violations but instead tried to arrange for Manson to live in [[Mexico]], which would have made supervision impossible. A retired deputy district attorney involved in the investigation stated that "somebody wanted him out there."[^2] Manson's criminal record, drug use, and probation violations provided ample grounds for revocation, yet authorities at every level permitted him to continue operating freely in the Haight-Ashbury and later in [[Los Angeles]].[^2]

 ### LSD, Conditioning, and the Family's Programming Methods

-Manson's methods for controlling his followers paralleled documented MKULTRA techniques with striking precision. He used massive doses of [[LSD]] to break down personality structures, employed sleep deprivation, sensory overload, and repeated psychological conditioning to rewrite his followers' identities. The [[Process Church of the Final Judgment]], founded in [[London]] in 1966 by [[Robert DeGrimston]] and [[Mary Ann MacLean]], had documented contacts with Manson. Manson reportedly claimed "Moor and I are one and the same," referencing DeGrimston's birth name. The group published an essay by Manson in their 1971 Death issue. While a direct intelligence connection to the Process Church has never been established, the FBI maintained files on the organization.[^3]
+Manson's methods for controlling his followers paralleled documented MKULTRA techniques with striking precision. He used massive doses of [[LSD]] to break down personality structures, employed sleep deprivation, sensory overload, and repeated psychological conditioning to rewrite his followers' identities. The [[Process Church of the Final Judgment]], founded in [[London]] in 1966 by [[Robert DeGrimston]] and [[Mary Ann MacLean]], had documented contacts with Manson. Manson reportedly claimed "Moor and I are one and the same," referencing DeGrimston's birth name. The group published an essay by Manson in their 1971 Death issue. While a direct intelligence connection to the Process Church has never been established, the FBI maintained files on the organization.[^2]

 ### The Helter Skelter Narrative

-The official prosecution theory, advanced by Los Angeles District Attorney [[Vincent Bugliosi]], held that Manson ordered the Tate-LaBianca murders to ignite a race war he called "Helter Skelter," framing the [[Black Panthers]] for the crimes. This narrative conveniently served Operation CHAOS objectives, which included discrediting the counterculture and Black radical organizations. Subsequent investigation found that the prosecution's case contained deliberate misrepresentations: "The facts that were presented to the public are not true. And, in the case of the prosecution of Charles Manson and the Manson Family, many things were, in fact, deliberately lied about."[^3]
+The official prosecution theory, advanced by Los Angeles District Attorney [[Vincent Bugliosi]], held that Manson ordered the Tate-LaBianca murders to ignite a race war he called "Helter Skelter," framing the [[Black Panthers]] for the crimes. This narrative conveniently served Operation CHAOS objectives, which included discrediting the counterculture and Black radical organizations. Subsequent investigation found that the prosecution's case contained deliberate misrepresentations: "The facts that were presented to the public are not true. And, in the case of the prosecution of Charles Manson and the Manson Family, many things were, in fact, deliberately lied about."[^2]

 ### Manson at Vacaville and the DeFreeze Network

@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ After his conviction, Manson was incarcerated at [[Vacaville]] Medical Facility

 ### Assessment of CIA Connections

-Independent investigators stopped short of claiming definitive proof that Manson was a witting CIA asset, but concluded there was a "good likelihood that Manson is a product of MKULTRA, whether he was knowledgeable about it or not." The circumstantial evidence cited includes the failure to revoke Manson's parole, the proximity to Dr. West's operations, the alignment of the murders with Operation CHAOS objectives, and the deliberate distortions in the official prosecution narrative. West's files from the Haight-Ashbury period have reportedly gone missing.[^3]
+Independent investigators stopped short of claiming definitive proof that Manson was a witting CIA asset, but concluded there was a "good likelihood that Manson is a product of MKULTRA, whether he was knowledgeable about it or not." The circumstantial evidence cited includes the failure to revoke Manson's parole, the proximity to Dr. West's operations, the alignment of the murders with Operation CHAOS objectives, and the deliberate distortions in the official prosecution narrative. West's files from the Haight-Ashbury period have reportedly gone missing.[^2]

 ### Death

-Manson died of natural causes at [[Corcoran State Prison]] in California on November 19, 2017, at age 83.[^3]
+Manson died of natural causes at [[Corcoran State Prison]] in California on November 19, 2017, at age 83.[^2]

 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: Curt Rowlett, "Project Mind Kontrol: Did the U.S. Government Actually Create Programmed Assassins?," Steamshovel Press #16, 1998.
-[^3]: O'Neill, Tom, and Dan Piepenbring. *Chaos: Charles Manson, the CIA, and the Secret History of the Sixties*. Little, Brown and Company, 2019.
+[^2]: O'Neill, Tom, and Dan Piepenbring. *Chaos: Charles Manson, the CIA, and the Secret History of the Sixties*. Little, Brown and Company, 2019.
--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/David
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/David
@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ The reception among former unit colleagues was largely negative. [[Joe McMoneagl

 Despite these criticisms, *Psychic Warrior* introduced the Fort Meade program to a large popular audience and helped establish the commercial remote viewing training market that emerged after STAR GATE's 1995 declassification. Morehouse subsequently built a civilian career offering remote viewing training seminars.[^1]

-An undated memorandum in the CIA's Star Gate files, headed "Will the Real [[C.B. Scott Jones|Scott Jones]] Please Stand Up?," records: "[[Ed Dames|Edward A. Dames]] serves as President of [[Psi Tech]], and David A. Morehouse is Vice President. They are based in [[Jessup, Maryland]], but there are rumors that they are planning to move to [[New Mexico]]." No other legible mention of him appears in the released collection.[^900]
+An undated memorandum in the CIA's Star Gate files, headed "Will the Real [[C.B. Scott Jones|Scott Jones]] Please Stand Up?," records: "[[Ed Dames|Edward A. Dames]] serves as President of [[Psi Tech]], and David A. Morehouse is Vice President. They are based in [[Jessup, Maryland]], but there are rumors that they are planning to move to [[New Mexico]]." No other legible mention of him appears in the released collection.[^2]

 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997. Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017. Morehouse, David. *Psychic Warrior: Inside the CIA's Stargate Program, the True Story of a Soldier's Espionage and Awakening.* St. Martin's Press, 1996.
-[^900]: "Will the Real Scott Jones Please Stand Up?," undated memorandum, CIA-RDP96-00792R000400300004-7. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: "Will the Real Scott Jones Please Stand Up?," undated memorandum, CIA-RDP96-00792R000400300004-7. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Edwin
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Edwin
@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ In 1991, SRI withdrew from the remote viewing research contract. May negotiated

 When the CIA, which had taken custody of the program from the DIA in 1995 at the direction of Congress, contracted the American Institutes for Research in June 1995 to evaluate it ([[1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate]]), May, as principal investigator, was asked "to list those studies which he believes provide the strongest evidence" and every unique study since the 1988 [[National Research Council]] report. His memorandum of July 25, 1995, listed ten SAIC experiments, among them "Entropy II" (90 trials, effect size 0.550, p = 9.1 × 10^-8), "ERD AC Behavior" (70 trials, 0.303), "Remote observation" (48 trials, 0.361), and "AC with binary coding" (40 trials, −0.067). [[Jessica Utts]] took them, with the 1988 analysis of the SRI database, as establishing that "psychic functioning has been well established"; [[Ray Hyman]] agreed the effects were "too large and consistent to be dismissed as statistical flukes" but held that ten experiments from one laboratory could not establish a phenomenon. May told the panel that "approximately 20 percent of the information supplied by a viewer is accurate," and AIR noted that throughout the experiments "only one judge, apparently the Principal Investigator, was used in assessing matches." The report of September 29, 1995, recommended against continuing the operational program. May's commentary in the *Journal of Parapsychology* the next year described the review as the result of "a Congressionally Directed Activity" and gave the report's public release as November 28, 1995.[^1]

-The CIA's chronology of the transfer records for February 28, 1995: "CIA met with DIA principal investigator at SAIC, Dr. Ed May. All-day technical exchange." An ORD memorandum for the record of April 20, 1995, its author redacted, states that "Ed May of SAIC called this morning and volunteered to send me unsolicited information he had obtained from a 'remote viewer' named 'Joe' relating to the [[Oklahoma City bombing|Oklahoma City Bombing]]," that ORD had no means of "tasking or disseminating this type of information," that May asked for a law-enforcement contact and, told to send it to his former contracting officer's representative at DIA, "said they didn't get along"; given an FBI number that evening, "he asked if this would be a 'cold call' because he didn't want to sound like a 'lunatic,'" and "agreed reluctantly" to call. The Director of Research and Development's covering memorandum to the [[Counterterrorist Center]] the same day: "We attach no credibility to this information, and currently have no way to evaluate it. We have asked Dr. Ed May of SAIC to forward this information to you directly. Please direct any questions regarding how the information was acquired to Dr. May. He has been the primary contract investigator in this area, and we have not completed our evaluation of his past efforts."[^900]
+The CIA's chronology of the transfer records for February 28, 1995: "CIA met with DIA principal investigator at SAIC, Dr. Ed May. All-day technical exchange." An ORD memorandum for the record of April 20, 1995, its author redacted, states that "Ed May of SAIC called this morning and volunteered to send me unsolicited information he had obtained from a 'remote viewer' named 'Joe' relating to the [[Oklahoma City bombing|Oklahoma City Bombing]]," that ORD had no means of "tasking or disseminating this type of information," that May asked for a law-enforcement contact and, told to send it to his former contracting officer's representative at DIA, "said they didn't get along"; given an FBI number that evening, "he asked if this would be a 'cold call' because he didn't want to sound like a 'lunatic,'" and "agreed reluctantly" to call. The Director of Research and Development's covering memorandum to the [[Counterterrorist Center]] the same day: "We attach no credibility to this information, and currently have no way to evaluate it. We have asked Dr. Ed May of SAIC to forward this information to you directly. Please direct any questions regarding how the information was acquired to Dr. May. He has been the primary contract investigator in this area, and we have not completed our evaluation of his past efforts."[^2]

 ### The 1996 Commentary

-May "was asked by the CIA to provide administrative support, technical documents, and briefings on an as-needed basis for the review," under a small contract to SAIC, from which he resigned on November 28, 1995, the day the report was released. His commentary in the *Journal of Parapsychology* argued that "there is compelling evidence that the CIA set the outcome with regard to intelligence usage before the evaluation had begun," by "limiting the research and operations data sets to exclude positive findings, by purposefully not interviewing historically significant participants, by ignoring previous extensive Department of Defense program reviews, and by using the questionable National Research Council's investigation of parapsychology as the starting point." He noted that AIR's president, [[David Goslin]], had also overseen the NRC's 1988 report; that of the seventeen members of the SRI and SAIC oversight committees and review board "only one was contacted by the CIA"; that his memorandum of June 6, 1995, "the existence of anomalous mental phenomena cannot be statistically determined from the results of a single laboratory," was "ignored by fiat"; and that a Senate staff member told him the CIA's briefing to Congress gave eight bullet points to Hyman's conclusions and four to Utts's. He quoted Jessica Utts's letter of December 19, 1995: "I was explicitly asked by AIR staff NOT to mention the NRC report in my review!" and "we were shown very little of the 'operational' remote-viewing work"; and [[Robert Rosenthal]] on the NRC's 1988 request that he omit his ganzfeld section, "censorship did not occur." He quoted [[Joe McMoneagle]]'s 1984 Legion of Merit citation, "more than 200 missions, addressing over 150 essential elements of information," reported "at the highest echelons," and traced a line from ARPA's George Lawrence and Hyman being refused access at SRI in 1974, through Lawrence's commissioning of the NRC study in 1985, to Goslin's AIR review. Of the program's last years: a 1993 attempt to move it to the CIA "found no willing recipient," the last DIA officer "had little knowledge of the program," and "the program was in shambles." "I am forced to conclude that either the AIR investigators were not competent to conduct a proper review of such a complex program, a view to which I do not subscribe, or they knew exactly what they were doing: They wanted to demonstrate that AC lacked usefulness for intelligence operations. They did so by construction rather than by careful analysis." On *Nightline* that November he said: "I think about 15% of our data, over 1500 separate remote viewing trials, are of such a quality that you might think they were sketched," and, after [[Robert Gates]] said the work was "better done on the outside": "I couldn't agree with Director Gates more."[^2]
+May "was asked by the CIA to provide administrative support, technical documents, and briefings on an as-needed basis for the review," under a small contract to SAIC, from which he resigned on November 28, 1995, the day the report was released. His commentary in the *Journal of Parapsychology* argued that "there is compelling evidence that the CIA set the outcome with regard to intelligence usage before the evaluation had begun," by "limiting the research and operations data sets to exclude positive findings, by purposefully not interviewing historically significant participants, by ignoring previous extensive Department of Defense program reviews, and by using the questionable National Research Council's investigation of parapsychology as the starting point." He noted that AIR's president, [[David Goslin]], had also overseen the NRC's 1988 report; that of the seventeen members of the SRI and SAIC oversight committees and review board "only one was contacted by the CIA"; that his memorandum of June 6, 1995, "the existence of anomalous mental phenomena cannot be statistically determined from the results of a single laboratory," was "ignored by fiat"; and that a Senate staff member told him the CIA's briefing to Congress gave eight bullet points to Hyman's conclusions and four to Utts's. He quoted Jessica Utts's letter of December 19, 1995: "I was explicitly asked by AIR staff NOT to mention the NRC report in my review!" and "we were shown very little of the 'operational' remote-viewing work"; and [[Robert Rosenthal]] on the NRC's 1988 request that he omit his ganzfeld section, "censorship did not occur." He quoted [[Joe McMoneagle]]'s 1984 Legion of Merit citation, "more than 200 missions, addressing over 150 essential elements of information," reported "at the highest echelons," and traced a line from ARPA's George Lawrence and Hyman being refused access at SRI in 1974, through Lawrence's commissioning of the NRC study in 1985, to Goslin's AIR review. Of the program's last years: a 1993 attempt to move it to the CIA "found no willing recipient," the last DIA officer "had little knowledge of the program," and "the program was in shambles." "I am forced to conclude that either the AIR investigators were not competent to conduct a proper review of such a complex program, a view to which I do not subscribe, or they knew exactly what they were doing: They wanted to demonstrate that AC lacked usefulness for intelligence operations. They did so by construction rather than by careful analysis." On *Nightline* that November he said: "I think about 15% of our data, over 1500 separate remote viewing trials, are of such a quality that you might think they were sketched," and, after [[Robert Gates]] said the work was "better done on the outside": "I couldn't agree with Director Gates more."[^3]

 ### Post-STARGATE Research

@ -51,5 +51,5 @@ May continued to serve as a consultant on anomalous cognition research for acade
 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: Mumford, Michael D., Andrew M. Rose, and David A. Goslin. *An Evaluation of Remote Viewing: Research and Applications.* American Institutes for Research, September 29, 1995, pp. 2-3, 3-18, 3-67, 5-2. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB438/docs/doc_57.pdf May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, 1996, pp. 3-23, abstract only.
-[^2]: May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 3-23. The letter of December 19, 1995, is printed at pp. 15-17 as Utts's reply to May's e-mail of December 17, checked against the page images. "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room.
-[^900]: "Star Gate Transfer Chronology: 1995," memorandum for the record, undated, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190017-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Memorandum for the record and memorandum for CTC from the Director, Research and Development, "Star Gate Program Issues," April 20, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030036-6. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: "Star Gate Transfer Chronology: 1995," memorandum for the record, undated, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190017-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Memorandum for the record and memorandum for CTC from the Director, Research and Development, "Star Gate Program Issues," April 20, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030036-6. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 3-23. The letter of December 19, 1995, is printed at pp. 15-17 as Utts's reply to May's e-mail of December 17, checked against the page images. "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room.
--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Hella
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Hella
@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ Hammid was a subject in the formal SRI remote viewing experiments described in P

 The SRI protocol for Hammid and other subjects involved an outbound experimenter who traveled to a randomly selected location within thirty minutes' driving distance. The subject remained at SRI with Puthoff or Targ and attempted to describe the target location through spontaneous description and drawing. Independent judges matched the descriptions to the target locations blind, without knowing which description came from which trial.[^1]

-[[David Marks]] wrote in 1982 that of the six transcripts of her series shown to him by the SRI judge [[Arthur Hastings]], "four of the six Hammid transcripts actually carried dates" and "one transcript even carried the name of the associated target"; he listed twenty-four cues ("This is the 18th of September," "Russell Targ has gone to the remote site," "Hal has gone to a second target," "Hella has made a drawing of Hal's first location") from which a judge in [[New Zealand]], using no descriptive material, matched the transcripts better than Hastings had, and reported that Hastings had received three target lists, one randomized and two not. Targ and Puthoff's own account of her had been that she was "a friend: 'I (R.T.) had known Hella for more than a dozen years.'"[^901]
+[[David Marks]] wrote in 1982 that of the six transcripts of her series shown to him by the SRI judge [[Arthur Hastings]], "four of the six Hammid transcripts actually carried dates" and "one transcript even carried the name of the associated target"; he listed twenty-four cues ("This is the 18th of September," "Russell Targ has gone to the remote site," "Hal has gone to a second target," "Hella has made a drawing of Hal's first location") from which a judge in [[New Zealand]], using no descriptive material, matched the transcripts better than Hastings had, and reported that Hastings had received three target lists, one randomized and two not. Targ and Puthoff's own account of her had been that she was "a friend: 'I (R.T.) had known Hella for more than a dozen years.'"[^2]

 ### The 1974 Record

-SRI's first progress report of March 1974 records "a preliminary remote viewing pilot experiment" with "a subject (H.H.) previously screened by the EEG correlates experiment": "The target chosen at random was a small red clapboard schoolhouse structure with a bell steeple on top in a miniature golf course. The subject's response was that she saw a red clapboard structure with a steeple that seemed to be artificial as in a movie set." An outside reviewer noted that of six subjects in the EEG work, "one of the six subjects, HH, showed a consistent alpha blocking effort. Therefore, this subject was studied further and most of the data recorded is based on HH's performance." A CIA officer who observed her in 1974 wrote: "Hella is very alert and outgoing; although not insightful. She is very concerned with her performance. Her aim seems to be pleasing the experimenters rather than proving anything to herself." "She does very badly on absolute size estimates. She does very well on indicating lighting conditions, including the presence of steady or pulsing lights. She does not often describe colors, but is very accurate when she does." "There can be no question that Hella can repeatably, although not reliably, produce information not available through normal means." Set to describe an electric typewriter on which the officer had typed for ten minutes, she missed, while [[Russell Targ]], who had been questioning her throughout, "gave a nearly perfect account of the target." Called in by a police lieutenant named Konar, who "had exhausted all available leads" in the murder of a young woman in the [[Stanford University|Stanford]] chapel, she "gave details of the crime location, described the victim and her assailant, indicated the exact location of the fatal wound, alluded to the ritualistic tone of the crime, and traced the victim's movements before the crime as well as the relocation of the body afterwards," the only known error being earrings; Konar wrote SRI a letter and followed her leads; but "none of the data that Hella generated, that has been verified, was unknown to Lt. Konar at the time of this experiment. Therefore, it is possible that Hella received all of her information from the Lt., by some unknown means." The same officer warned that if funding lapsed Puthoff and Targ "will publish everything they have generated," including "their association with unreliable subjects." A cassette of September 19, 1974, is catalogued "Tape 'N' Text Editor and Drill Press, Beacon Russell Targ, Viewer Hella Hammid."[^2]
+SRI's first progress report of March 1974 records "a preliminary remote viewing pilot experiment" with "a subject (H.H.) previously screened by the EEG correlates experiment": "The target chosen at random was a small red clapboard schoolhouse structure with a bell steeple on top in a miniature golf course. The subject's response was that she saw a red clapboard structure with a steeple that seemed to be artificial as in a movie set." An outside reviewer noted that of six subjects in the EEG work, "one of the six subjects, HH, showed a consistent alpha blocking effort. Therefore, this subject was studied further and most of the data recorded is based on HH's performance." A CIA officer who observed her in 1974 wrote: "Hella is very alert and outgoing; although not insightful. She is very concerned with her performance. Her aim seems to be pleasing the experimenters rather than proving anything to herself." "She does very badly on absolute size estimates. She does very well on indicating lighting conditions, including the presence of steady or pulsing lights. She does not often describe colors, but is very accurate when she does." "There can be no question that Hella can repeatably, although not reliably, produce information not available through normal means." Set to describe an electric typewriter on which the officer had typed for ten minutes, she missed, while [[Russell Targ]], who had been questioning her throughout, "gave a nearly perfect account of the target." Called in by a police lieutenant named Konar, who "had exhausted all available leads" in the murder of a young woman in the [[Stanford University|Stanford]] chapel, she "gave details of the crime location, described the victim and her assailant, indicated the exact location of the fatal wound, alluded to the ritualistic tone of the crime, and traced the victim's movements before the crime as well as the relocation of the body afterwards," the only known error being earrings; Konar wrote SRI a letter and followed her leads; but "none of the data that Hella generated, that has been verified, was unknown to Lt. Konar at the time of this experiment. Therefore, it is possible that Hella received all of her information from the Lt., by some unknown means." The same officer warned that if funding lapsed Puthoff and Targ "will publish everything they have generated," including "their association with unreliable subjects." A cassette of September 19, 1974, is catalogued "Tape 'N' Text Editor and Drill Press, Beacon Russell Targ, Viewer Hella Hammid."[^3]

 ### Project Deep Quest

@ -52,5 +52,5 @@ Hammid was not herself a CIA employee or contractor; she was a civilian research
 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research." *Proceedings of the IEEE* 64, no. 3 (March 1976): 329-354 (the primary published SRI remote viewing experimental results).
-[^2]: Puthoff, Harold E. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* progress report no. 1, March 12, 1974, SRI Project 3183, CIA-RDP96-00787R000100010001-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Review of Perceptual Augmentation Techniques," unsigned review of SRI progress reports 1 to 3, c. August 1974, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200230001-6. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Experiments with Hella Hammid," CIA memoranda of 1974 with an officer's trip report of November 1974, author's name redacted, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200070006-9 and CIA-RDP96-00787R000200070002-3; cassette catalogue card of September 19, 1974, CIA-RDP79-00999A000400040013-3. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^901]: Marks, David F. "Remote Viewing Revisited." *Skeptical Inquirer,* vol. 6, no. 4, Summer 1982, pp. 18-29. https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/1982/07/22165420/p20.pdf Snyder, Harry L., and Arlene G. Snyder. *Summary and Critical Evaluation of Research in Remote Viewing,* Report RV-79-1, final technical report, contract 77F104420, Systemetrics, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, June 1, 1979, parts 1 and 2, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100440001-9 and CIA-RDP96-00787R000100260003-2. The sponsor of the contract is not named in the report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: Marks, David F. "Remote Viewing Revisited." *Skeptical Inquirer,* vol. 6, no. 4, Summer 1982, pp. 18-29. https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/1982/07/22165420/p20.pdf Snyder, Harry L., and Arlene G. Snyder. *Summary and Critical Evaluation of Research in Remote Viewing,* Report RV-79-1, final technical report, contract 77F104420, Systemetrics, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, June 1, 1979, parts 1 and 2, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100440001-9 and CIA-RDP96-00787R000100260003-2. The sponsor of the contract is not named in the report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: Puthoff, Harold E. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* progress report no. 1, March 12, 1974, SRI Project 3183, CIA-RDP96-00787R000100010001-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Review of Perceptual Augmentation Techniques," unsigned review of SRI progress reports 1 to 3, c. August 1974, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200230001-6. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Experiments with Hella Hammid," CIA memoranda of 1974 with an officer's trip report of November 1974, author's name redacted, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200070006-9 and CIA-RDP96-00787R000200070002-3; cassette catalogue card of September 19, 1974, CIA-RDP79-00999A000400040013-3. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Matthew
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Matthew
@ -11,30 +11,33 @@ Matthew Alan Livelsberger was born July 22, 1987 in Arizona. He was raised in Bu

 He attended Norwich University from 2016-2019 and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Strategic Studies and Defense Analysis (Summa Cum Laude).
 ### Army Service
-In January 2006, he joined the [[U.S. Army]] where he served actively until March 2011. He then joined the [[National Guard]] from March 2011 to July 2012. During this period he briefly worked for [[General Dynamics]] (July 2011-May 2012) as a hyperspectral Imaging Integrator on the “Lightguard Minotaur system.”[^7] This was followed by rejoining the [[Army Reserve]] from July 2012 to December 2012. He then reenlisted into active duty in the [[U.S. Army]] as part of the [[Special Operations Group|Special Operations]] where he served in active duty until his death January 1, 2025 in the [[Cybertruck Trump Hotel Bombing]] as a potential [[act of terrorism]].[^5]
+In January 2006, he joined the [[U.S. Army]] where he served actively until March 2011. He then joined the [[National Guard]] from March 2011 to July 2012. During this period he briefly worked for [[General Dynamics]] (July 2011-May 2012) as a hyperspectral Imaging Integrator on the “Lightguard Minotaur system.”[^1] This was followed by rejoining the [[Army Reserve]] from July 2012 to December 2012. He then reenlisted into active duty in the [[U.S. Army]] as part of the [[Special Operations Group|Special Operations]] where he served in active duty until his death January 1, 2025 in the [[Cybertruck Trump Hotel Bombing]] as a potential [[act of terrorism]].[^2]

-He served in Afghanistan (2017-2019), Ukraine (2016), the Republic of Congo (2014), Tajikistan (2016), and Georgia as a [[Green Berets]].[^1] He was awarded two Bronze stars and an Army Commendation Medal. In Dec 2016 he received the Department of State Meritorious Honor Award (DMSHA) for work in Central Asian States. At one point he was stationed at [[Fort Bragg]], but most of his career he was stationed at [[Fort Carson]][^3]. His last assignment as a Master Sargent was to the 10th group in Germany as a "systems manager” and involved building drones. He was on leave in the days preceding the bombing and his death.
+He served in Afghanistan (2017-2019), Ukraine (2016), the Republic of Congo (2014), Tajikistan (2016), and Georgia as a [[Green Berets]].[^3] He was awarded two Bronze stars and an Army Commendation Medal. In Dec 2016 he received the Department of State Meritorious Honor Award (DMSHA) for work in Central Asian States. At one point he was stationed at [[Fort Bragg]], but most of his career he was stationed at [[Fort Carson]][^4]. His last assignment as a Master Sargent was to the 10th group in Germany as a "systems manager” and involved building drones. He was on leave in the days preceding the bombing and his death.

 There were social media posts made that suggested he was helping to connect soldiers to recruiters for Ukraine.
 ### Personal Life
-Livelsberger was married twice (first divorced in 2018) and had a young daughter from his most recent merger. His latest wife allegedly broke up with him in the days preceding the explosion over Matthew’s adultery.[^2]
+Livelsberger was married twice (first divorced in 2018) and had a young daughter from his most recent merger. His latest wife allegedly broke up with him in the days preceding the explosion over Matthew’s adultery.[^5]

 On the drive to [[Las Vegas]], he was texting [[Alicia Arritt]], an old girlfriend, about the cyber truck.
 > “I rented a Tesla Cybertruck. It’s the shit”
 > "I feel like Batman or halo”
-> “I'm building drones in my new position”[^3]
+> “I'm building drones in my new position”[^4]

 He was on a history channel reality show at one point.[^6]
 ### Medical History
-Matthew had back surgery twice from his time as a paratrooper[^3]. In 2019, following his service in Afghanistan, he suffered a traumatic brain injury causing behavior change. He did not seek treatment.
+Matthew had back surgery twice from his time as a paratrooper[^4]. In 2019, following his service in Afghanistan, he suffered a traumatic brain injury causing behavior change. He did not seek treatment.
 ### Politics
 Livelsberger was allegedly a supporter of Donald Trump and voted for him in Novemeber 2024.
 ### Manifesto
-The day prior to his death, Livelsberger allegedly sent a manifesto ([[Cybertruck Trump Hotel Bombing#^5630d3|manifesto text]]) to [[Sam Shoemate]] (@samosaur) on December 31, 2024[^4] alleging, among other things, that the [[New Jersey Drones|NJ Drones]] are Chinese [[anti-gravitic]] devices, that the United States also possesses this technology, that he is aware of war crimes committed in 2019 by the United States, and that he has TSSCI with [[UAP Task Force]] [[Special Access Programs|USAP]] access. He indicated that these craft were controlled from a building at Groom Lake.
+The day prior to his death, Livelsberger allegedly sent a manifesto ([[Cybertruck Trump Hotel Bombing#^5630d3|manifesto text]]) to [[Sam Shoemate]] (@samosaur) on December 31, 2024 alleging, among other things, that the [[New Jersey Drones|NJ Drones]] are Chinese [[anti-gravitic]] devices, that the United States also possesses this technology, that he is aware of war crimes committed in 2019 by the United States, and that he held "an active TSSCI with UAP [[Special Access Programs|USAP]] access."[^7] He wrote that "our OPCEN location for this activity in the box is below"; the map pin that accompanied the text was at 37.2475372, -115.8155235 in Lincoln County, Nevada, at [[Groom Lake]].[^8]
 ### Footnotes
-[^1]: [Man who rented Cybertruck that exploded in Las Vegas a Green Beret, official says](https://archive.is/RKsXC)
-[^2]: [Cybertruck bomber Matthew Livelsberger’s wife broke up with him days before explosion outside Trump hotel in Las Vegas: sources](https://archive.is/V3mds)
-[^3]: [ What Matthew Livelsberger texted ex days before Cybertruck explosion at Trump hotel in Las Vegas](https://archive.is/L0NjZ)
-[^5]: [US Army statement](https://archive.is/Sebb4)
+
+[^1]: [Livelsberger LinkedIn Page Archive](https://archive.is/ylhFG)
+[^2]: [US Army statement](https://archive.is/Sebb4)
+[^3]: [Man who rented Cybertruck that exploded in Las Vegas a Green Beret, official says](https://archive.is/RKsXC)
+[^4]: [ What Matthew Livelsberger texted ex days before Cybertruck explosion at Trump hotel in Las Vegas](https://archive.is/L0NjZ)
+[^5]: [Cybertruck bomber Matthew Livelsberger’s wife broke up with him days before explosion outside Trump hotel in Las Vegas: sources](https://archive.is/V3mds)
 [^6]: [History channel show](https://x.com/InsideEdition/status/1875312049443758517) ([archive](https://archive.is/T0L86))
-[^7]: [Livelsberger LinkedIn Page Archive](https://archive.is/ylhFG)
+[^7]: Sam Shoemate, a retired U.S. Army intelligence officer posting as @samosaur, stated that Livelsberger emailed him the text on December 31, 2024 with the request "Please do not release until 1JAN and keep my identity private until then." "Livelsberger Reportedly Sent 'Manifesto' Before Vegas Hotel Blast," Casino.org, January 3, 2025, https://www.casino.org/news/matthew-livelsberger-reportedly-sent-manifesto-before-trump-hotel-explosion/; Collin Woodard, Jalopnik, January 6, 2025, https://jalopnik.com/las-vegas-cybertruck-bomber-claimed-nj-drones-are-ultra-1851733106; [Tweet by @samosaur](https://archive.is/BLh0q).
+[^8]: [coordinates](https://archive.is/6iV4v)
--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Morris
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Morris
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ The annotations are in three hands, identified in the introduction as Mr. A, Mr.

 ### Death

-Barker's 1973 preface opens with the statement that "on the evening of April 20, 1959, an astronomer committed suicide in Dade County Park, Florida," that he inhaled automobile exhaust which he had run by hose from the tail pipe into his station wagon, and that he died "unheralded and almost unrecognized in his discipline."[^2] The coroner's file was not available for this draft. The [[Miami Herald]] of April 22, 1959 reported under the headline "Author A Suicide, Police Say" that Metro detectives said on Tuesday, April 21, that Morris K. Jessup, 59, an astronomer and author of several books on flying space objects, had committed suicide by asphyxiating himself; that his body was found on Monday, April 20, in his parked car at [[Matheson Hammock Park|Matheson Hammock]]; and that investigators said a hose ran from the car's exhaust pipe to the inside of the automobile. The item states that he was survived by his wife, Ruby, that he lived at 1531 Saragossa Avenue in [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]], having moved there six months earlier, and that he was a onetime instructor at the University of Michigan and Drake University and the author of The Case for the UFO, a 1955 publication, with another book on outer space flight before his publishers at his death. It gives no time of death and does not mention Varo or Allende. The Herald calls the vehicle a car and gives Monday as the day of discovery; Barker calls it a station wagon and gives the evening of April 20 as the time of death.[^6] Barker added that a "tradition of bad luck or strange circumstances" attached to owners of the Varo Edition: a house destroyed by fire, the heart attack of Captain [[Edward J. Ruppelt]], former head of [[Project Blue Book]], "allegedly shortly after he read a borrowed copy," and the early death of the author [[Robert Loftin]]. He wrote that "except for the deaths, this is purely hearsay."[^2] Barker also wrote that "at least two national magazine articles explored Jessup's death and his connection with the book," and that [[Brad Steiger]] published reduced reproductions of three pages in [[Saga]] magazine for November 1967, in the article "Fantastic Key to the Flying Saucer Mystery," from a microfilm copy owned by [[Stephen Yankee]].[^2]
+Barker's 1973 preface opens with the statement that "on the evening of April 20, 1959, an astronomer committed suicide in Dade County Park, Florida," that he inhaled automobile exhaust which he had run by hose from the tail pipe into his station wagon, and that he died "unheralded and almost unrecognized in his discipline."[^2] The [[Miami Herald]] of April 22, 1959 reported under the headline "Author A Suicide, Police Say" that Metro detectives said on Tuesday, April 21, that Morris K. Jessup, 59, an astronomer and author of several books on flying space objects, had committed suicide by asphyxiating himself; that his body was found on Monday, April 20, in his parked car at [[Matheson Hammock Park|Matheson Hammock]]; and that investigators said a hose ran from the car's exhaust pipe to the inside of the automobile. The item states that he was survived by his wife, Ruby, that he lived at 1531 Saragossa Avenue in [[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]], having moved there six months earlier, and that he was a onetime instructor at the University of Michigan and Drake University and the author of The Case for the UFO, a 1955 publication, with another book on outer space flight before his publishers at his death. It gives no time of death and does not mention Varo or Allende. The Herald calls the vehicle a car and gives Monday as the day of discovery; Barker calls it a station wagon and gives the evening of April 20 as the time of death.[^6] Barker added that a "tradition of bad luck or strange circumstances" attached to owners of the Varo Edition: a house destroyed by fire, the heart attack of Captain [[Edward J. Ruppelt]], former head of [[Project Blue Book]], "allegedly shortly after he read a borrowed copy," and the early death of the author [[Robert Loftin]]. He wrote that "except for the deaths, this is purely hearsay."[^2] Barker also wrote that "at least two national magazine articles explored Jessup's death and his connection with the book," and that [[Brad Steiger]] published reduced reproductions of three pages in [[Saga]] magazine for November 1967, in the article "Fantastic Key to the Flying Saucer Mystery," from a microfilm copy owned by [[Stephen Yankee]].[^2]

 Barker acquired an original copy in 1971 from a friend of Jessup to whom Jessup had given one, decided in July 1972 to publish, and issued a facsimile through [[Saucerian Press]] in 1973, stating the run would be no more than 500 copies.[^2] The transcription at the [[Internet Archive]] was prepared by the [[Quantum Future Group]] of Castelnau-Barbarens, [[France]], in 2003.[^2]

--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Ninel
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Ninel
@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ Another experiment involved Kulagina attempting to increase the heart rate of a

 Kulagina's alleged abilities contributed to the [[Pentagon]]'s decision to launch a joint intelligence assessment of the "Soviet psychoenergetic threat," a term coined to encompass Soviet research into anomalous mental phenomena and [[Electromagnetic Weapons|electromagnetic weapons]] programs[^1]. Her work, along with that of [[Qian Xuesen|H. S. Tsien]] in [[China]], highlighted the perceived need for the U.S. to invest in its own psychic research programs.

-A DIA briefing on Soviet psychoenergetics given to the Air Force in 1987 quoted [[Yuri Kobzarev|Yu. B. Kobzerev]], "radar pioneer, member USSR Academy of Science": "I am persuaded that the phenomena demonstrated by N. Kulagina (psychokinesis), and by L. Korabelnikova (extrasensory perception), are by no means tricks but rather the existence of the manifestation of unusual capabilities in man. My conviction is shared by many people including a group of professors and academicians," and [[Vladimir Kotelnikov|V. A. Kotel'nikov]], vice president of the Academy: "Psychokinetic abilities of N. Kulagina are real."[^900]
+A DIA briefing on Soviet psychoenergetics given to the Air Force in 1987 quoted [[Yuri Kobzarev|Yu. B. Kobzerev]], "radar pioneer, member USSR Academy of Science": "I am persuaded that the phenomena demonstrated by N. Kulagina (psychokinesis), and by L. Korabelnikova (extrasensory perception), are by no means tricks but rather the existence of the manifestation of unusual capabilities in man. My conviction is shared by many people including a group of professors and academicians," and [[Vladimir Kotelnikov|V. A. Kotel'nikov]], vice president of the Academy: "Psychokinetic abilities of N. Kulagina are real."[^2]

 ### Footnotes
+
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
-[^900]: Henry E. Shinol, Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff, Studies and Analyses, Headquarters USAF, to the Defense Intelligence Agency, "Soviet Parapsychology Research Briefing," June 12, 1987, and cover note of July 14, 1987, with paper briefing slides "Soviet Activities in Psychoenergetics," CIA-RDP96-00789R002600320001-8 to -004-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: Henry E. Shinol, Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff, Studies and Analyses, Headquarters USAF, to the Defense Intelligence Agency, "Soviet Parapsychology Research Briefing," June 12, 1987, and cover note of July 14, 1987, with paper briefing slides "Soviet Activities in Psychoenergetics," CIA-RDP96-00789R002600320001-8 to -004-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/R.
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/R.
@ -1,20 +1,96 @@
 ---
 aliases:
- R. S. Hawke
-category: "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
+  - R. S. Hawke
+  - Ronald S. Hawke
+  - Ronald Hawke
+  - Ron Hawke
+  - Dr. Hawke
+category: "Scientists & Researchers"
 tags:
  - Person
-  - RemoteViewer
-summary: "Hawke documented the results of one of these tests, stating that 'The magnetic pattern stored in the iron oxide layer of a magnetic program card was erased.' He concluded that 'Further experiments are warranted,' indicating a measurable effect from Geller's alleged abilities."
-updated: 2026-09-22
+  - Physicist
+  - Engineer
+  - LawrenceLivermore
+  - Psychokinesis
+  - UriGeller
+  - AcousticEmission
+  - Railgun
+  - Stargate
+  - GrillFlame
+summary: "Livermore electronics engineer who tested Uri Geller on magnetic program cards in 1974, built an acoustic emission experiment for metal bending, and was visited in 1979 by the Army's Grill Flame committee."
+location: "Livermore, California"
+relations:
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]"
+    role: "research physicist, Engineering Research Division, Electronics Engineering Department"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: investigated
+    with: "[[Uri Geller]]"
+    start: 1974
+    role: "invited Geller to Livermore in 1974 to alter magnetic program cards; wrote 'Magnetic Pattern Erasure'"
+    fn: 3
+  - type: investigated
+    with: "[[Psychokinesis]]"
+    start: 1978
+    role: "acoustic emission experiments with two subjects reputed to bend metal paranormally, outlined January 11, 1979"
+    fn: 7
+  - type: subject_of
+    with: "[[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]]"
+    start: 1979
+    end: 1979-12
+    role: "laboratory visited by committee members; Annex 7 of the December 1979 report evaluates his experiments"
+    fn: 11
+created: 2026-09-22
+updated: 2026-10-05
 ---

-R. S. Hawke was one of the scientists at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] who conducted classified [[Psychokinesis|psychokinesis]] tests with [[Uri Geller]] in the winter of 1975. These tests aimed to determine if Geller could interfere with high-quality lasers and affect magnetic computer program cards[^1].
+Ronald S. Hawke, who signed his technical writing "R. S. Hawke," was a research physicist in the Engineering Research Division of the Electronics Engineering Department at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (then Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, University of California) in the 1970s.[^1] His published and patented work at the laboratory concerned electromagnetic railguns and hypervelocity launchers: the May 8, 1979 preprint UCRL-82677, "Magnetic Propulsion Railguns: Their Design and Capabilities," written with Jonathan K. Scudder for the Second International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation, concluded that projectiles could be accelerated to more than 20 kilometers per second; a July 1979 companion paper (UCRL-82296) examined railgun impactors for generating pressures of 1 to 10 terapascals; and United States Patent 4,343,223, "Multiple stage railgun," was filed May 23, 1980 by Hawke, Scudder and Kristian Aaland and issued August 10, 1982.[^1][^2] The laboratory's report series carries his name on railgun and plasma armature papers through 1991, among them "Results of Railgun Experiments" (UCRL-88703, 1983, with [[Los Alamos]] authors) and a 1991 progress report on a transition armature technology project.[^2]

-Hawke documented the results of one of these tests, stating that "The magnetic pattern stored in the iron oxide layer of a magnetic program card was erased." He concluded that "Further experiments are warranted," indicating a measurable effect from Geller's alleged abilities[^1].
+### Geller at Livermore, 1974

-The Army's [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]] visited "Dr. Hawke" at Lawrence Livermore in November 1979 and wrote that "Committee members who visited Dr. Hawke's laboratory were very impressed by the scientific approach used in his investigations." Its annex on his work: "Highly specific physical phenomena are recovered by instruments while PK 'intent' is being 'exerted' by a Subject. Thus a definite 'result' is measured in terms of a physical phenomenon (e.g., grain fracture measured by physical measuring apparatus commonly used for such metallurgical experiments)." "Hawke's experiments are the most objective and scientific of the investigations we have reviewed... His type of PK experiments are, in my view, vastly more valuable than the PK effects on random number generators." "A means exists for conduct of these experiments on a compartmentalized basis: Since the experiments utilize measuring equipment commonly used in weapons development, 'cover' and access restrictions are relatively straightforward. As an example, NWC China Lake is just now initiating development of contact fuzing utilizing (for the first time in the fuzing community) acoustic emission of materials transitioning the plastic deformation regime. A small development project on 'AE applications to guided missile fuzing' would provide easily administered and controlled PK experiments by Hawke."[^900]
+In his 1976 anthology *The Geller Papers*, [[Charles Panati]] wrote that during one of his West Coast trips [[Uri Geller]] visited "Ronald Hawke, an engineer working at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory" in late 1974, and that "no formal testing with Geller was undertaken," although Hawke and his colleagues "did observe events in their laboratory that they feel call for further scientific investigation."[^3] Panati's account of Hawke's contribution, titled "Magnetic Pattern Erasure: A Proposed Method of Scientific Study," says the targets were four computer cards carrying magnetic programs under a plastic coating, and that Geller's goal was to alter or erase them. Twice he failed, once when a card was sealed in a glass bottle and once when he was not allowed to touch a card. Two other cards were handed to him and he rubbed his fingers across their surfaces; Hawke stated that rubbing alone cannot alter the magnetic programs, yet when the cards were fed to a computer they were rejected as "ambiguous," and Hawke wrote that "subsequent inspection with a magnetic viewer after the meeting with Geller revealed that the magnetic patterns had been altered."[^3]
+
+Geller's own account (1986, with Guy Lyon Playfair) names Hawke as "the physicist who invited me there," says Hawke "had published several articles in his highly specialized fields," and describes two successes in four attempts, the cards being "fed into a Hewlett Packard 65 calculator" and rejected by it although accepted before he touched them. Geller thanked "Ron Hawke and family" in the book's acknowledgements and listed Hawke among the 1974 investigators "all of whom produced positive reports."[^4]
+
+A CIA staff report released in 2014, filed with a Reuters item of November 4, 1974 about a Geller prediction of war in the Middle East, records a telephone call received "on 23 October" from a "Security Officer" of the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, who said "they had just spent two days in the laboratory testing Geller." The document states that forty AEC scientists took part in a month-long program designing the experiments, that the equipment cost $20,069, that Geller showed "unequivical evidence" of paranormal ability under conditions the Livermore project team "certified" fraud and cheat-proof, and that he was monitored by four kinds of magnetometers, neutron counters, active and passive infrared, low-light video and motion picture film, in part covertly. It also records that "predetermined portions of HP" program cards were erased, that a second series was planned at Livermore for the second week of December, and that arrangements had been made for testing at [[NASA Ames Research Center]] (Moffett Field). The writer adds that the information "was received anecdotally" from a security officer who had not been one of the experimenters. The document names neither Hawke nor the security officer. Other paragraphs of the same report concern "LSD personnel" and a career development course for "LSD."[^5]
+
+[[Annie Jacobsen]]'s *Phenomena* (2017) describes classified [[Psychokinesis]] tests of Geller by Livermore scientists in the winter of 1975, with high-quality lasers and magnetic computer program cards, and attributes to Hawke the written result "The magnetic pattern stored in the iron oxide layer of a magnetic program card was erased."[^6]
+
+### Acoustic emission experiments, 1978 to 1979
+
+Hawke's later work with metal-bending subjects is documented in a paper titled "Outline of Acoustic Emission Experiments Performed with a Person Reputed to Have Paranormal Metal Bending Abilities," dated January 11, 1979 and stamped "In Strict Confidence." Its cover letter, on Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Electronics Engineering Department letterhead (reference WT 79-0027A), was addressed to an office designated DT-1A at 1735 North Lynn Street in Arlington, Virginia, and said the outline was the one "you requested during our meeting on December 4, 1978." Copies went to A. E. Brown, H. C. McDonald, E. K. Miller, A. J. Poggio and C. A. Tatro, and the outline's reference note thanked A. E. Brown and C. A. Tatro for help with design, implementation and interpretation.[^7]
+
+The outline gives the reasoning for the method. Acoustic emission responds to "a single intragranular or intergranular fracture or grain boundary slip," its "high sensitivity requires non-contact, hence decreases possibility of deception," and the signals "are very distinct from all forms of touching, rubbing and other noise." The sensor was a lead zirconate titanate element resonant at 140 kilohertz, epoxied to the bowl of a standard stainless steel spoon clamped in a vise; other instruments included a logic probe recording electric field on the spoon, an air-core coil for magnetic field, an AM radio tuned to 1600 kilohertz, a video recorder that stored the acoustic signal on the video channel, and a helium-neon laser reflected from the underside of the spoon bowl onto a target to register any bending. Sessions lasted about an hour with the subject and two or three observers present; the subject was told that touching the spoon spoiled the record.[^7]
+
+Results: during one session, with one subject, "at least 4 clear instances of A.E. events occurred" while the spoon and vise were untouched, typical of single-grain or grain-boundary fracture; "no anomalous A.E. events were recorded during dry runs"; no elastic or plastic deformation large enough to shift the laser beam was observed; "fewer but similar results were obtained with one other subject." The abstract said the results were "consistent with those of Crussard" (C. Crussard and J. Bouvaist, *Mémoires Scientifiques Revue de Métallurgie*, February 1978) and that "further experiments are warranted."[^7] The Stargate collection holds the same outline in several copies; the abstract in the copy filed under CIA-RDP96-00787R000200130003-5 reads "no significant bending was observed," where the copy filed under CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100001-9 reads "large amounts of bending were not observed."[^7][^8]
+
+A routing note in the same file, unsigned, reads: "This piece may offer us excellent opportunity to bring in some other (than SRI) minds to work the problem. There is absolutely no reason to believe that the scientist, Hawke, might have manipulated the data/experiment. Might be a good idea to invite him to brief his work to the Science Monitoring Team when they visit California in late July 79."[^9] The file also contains a Hawke envelope addressed to Major Bill Stoner at DAMI 2E453 in the Pentagon (the Army's Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence) and an Army routing slip forwarding a visit request form that was "retained on file in DAMI-RMA."[^10]
+
+### Grill Flame visit and the Department of Energy briefing, 1979
+
+The Army's [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]], chaired by [[Manfred Gale]], listed Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and "Dr. Hawke" among the places and individuals contacted in the autumn of 1979 (Annex 2). Its December 1979 report states that "Committee members who visited Dr. Hawke's laboratory were very impressed by the scientific approach used in his investigations," and that his experiments were "considerably more valuable than PK effects on random number generators." Annex 7 records that "highly specific physical phenomena are recovered by instruments while PK 'intent' is being 'exerted' by a Subject," with control experiments performed and no mechanisms adduced; "Hawke's experiments are the most objective and scientific of the investigations we have reviewed... vastly more valuable than the PK effects on random number generators." The annex adds: "A means exists for conduct of these experiments on a compartmentalized basis: Since the experiments utilize measuring equipment commonly used in weapons development, 'cover' and access restrictions are relatively straightforward," proposing as an example that Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, which "is just now initiating development of contact fuzing utilizing... acoustic emission of materials transitioning the plastic deformation regime," could host "a small development project on 'AE applications to guided missile fuzing'" that "would provide easily administered and controlled PK experiments by Hawke." Elsewhere in the report, the committee's discussion of the Army MICOM random-number experiment says that an experiment using "the modification of the physical aspect of a structure" might be more convincing, and that "the acoustic emission experiment by Hawke might be an example of an attempt to do this."[^11][^12]
+
+On November 28, 1979, Hawke met Dr. Ruth M. Davis, Assistant for Research Applications at the [[Department of Energy]], and Dr. W. LaBerge of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. In a letter of December 26, 1979 (EMS79-0117) he wrote that, after talking to the laboratory's acoustic emission, metallurgy and ceramics staff, "the equivalent of 5-7 full employees would be the optimum," with tasks distributed "among 10-15 researchers, technicians and other consultants and advisors," enough in a one-year program "to obtain reliable data or nearly exhaust the possibility of obtaining such data." He had sounded out Henry McDonald (Associate Director for Engineering) and Dale Nielsen (Associate Director for Administration), who said "such types of multidisciplinary and discrete research are within the capability of LLL," and reported that director Roger Batzel "has been informed that such a project might be suggested by DOE and/or DOD"; Batzel was named as the person to contact. Copies went to Batzel, McDonald, Nielsen and LaBerge.[^13]
+
+### After 1979
+
+After the December 1979 letter, the laboratory's published record under Hawke's name consists of the railgun and launcher papers listed above.[^2]
+
+Accounts of a Livermore group that experienced apparitions after its Geller sessions come from [[Jim Schnabel]], who gives the physicists the pseudonyms [[Peter Crane]], [[Mike Russo]] and [[Don Curtis]]; Schnabel's account does not name Hawke.[^14]

 ### Footnotes
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
-[^900]: *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+
+[^1]: R. S. Hawke, "Outline of Acoustic Emission Experiments Performed with a Person Reputed to Have Paranormal Metal Bending Abilities," January 11, 1979, cover letter signed "R. S. Hawke, Engineering Research Division, Electronics Engineering Department," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100001-9 (archive.org mirror of the CIA STARGATE collection, https://archive.org/download/CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100001-9/CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100001-9_djvu.txt) and CIA-RDP96-00787R000500110001-6.
+[^2]: R. S. Hawke and J. K. Scudder, "Magnetic Propulsion Railguns: Their Design and Capabilities," UCRL-82677, May 8, 1979, https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6255454; Hawke and Scudder, "Prospects for Generating 1-10 TPa Pressures with a Railgun," UCRL-82296, July 13, 1979, https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5974977; Hawke, Brooks, Fowler and Peterson, "Results of Railgun Experiments," UCRL-88703, 1983, https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6263329; Hawke, "Transition Armature Technology Project, Progress Report No. 1, June 1-July 31, 1991," UCRL-ID-114847, https://www.osti.gov/biblio/10107228; U.S. Patent 4,343,223, "Multiple stage railgun," inventors Ronald S. Hawke, Jonathan K. Scudder and Kristian Aaland, https://patents.google.com/patent/US4343223A/en.
+[^3]: Charles Panati, ed., *The Geller Papers: Scientific Observations on the Paranormal Powers of Uri Geller* (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1976), introduction, as reproduced at https://urigeller.com/scientific-paranormal/the-geller-papers/introduction/.
+[^4]: Uri Geller and Guy Lyon Playfair, *The Geller Effect* (London: Jonathan Cape, 1986), chapters on 1974 investigators and on computers; acknowledgements; index entry "Hawke, Ronald S." http://www.mbdodd.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/1/6/14162844/the_geller_effect_-_uri_geller_and_guy_lyon_playfair.pdf. Geller is the sole source for his account of two successes in four attempts.
+[^5]: CIA document CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010023-0, "Declassified in Part, Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2014/01/09," archive.org item cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp79-00999a000200010023-0, https://archive.org/download/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp79-00999a000200010023-0/cia-rdp79-00999a000200010023-0_djvu.txt. Sole source for the passages so cited; the writer and the caller are not named.
+[^6]: Annie Jacobsen, *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis* (Little, Brown, 2017). Sole source for the passages so cited; Hawke's own wording in *The Geller Papers* differs (note 3).
+[^7]: Hawke, outline of January 11, 1979, as in note 1; cover letter, reference WT 79-0027A.
+[^8]: Hawke outline, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200130003-5, https://archive.org/download/CIA-RDP96-00787R000200130003-5/CIA-RDP96-00787R000200130003-5_djvu.txt.
+[^9]: Unsigned note, "101-06 Lawrence Livermore Lab. Metal Bending - R.S. Hawke," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100002-8, https://archive.org/download/CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100002-8/CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100002-8_djvu.txt.
+[^10]: Envelope addressed to Maj. Bill Stoner, DAMI 2E453, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100005-5; Army routing slip, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100008-2.
+[^11]: *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee*, December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5, Chapter 2 paragraph 4b, Annex 2 (places visited, p. 43) and Annex 7 (pp. 66-67). https://archive.org/download/CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5/CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5_djvu.txt.
+[^12]: Same report, critique of the Army [[MICOM]] random-number experiment.
+[^13]: R. S. Hawke to Dr. Ruth M. Davis, December 26, 1979, EMS79-0117, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100003-7, https://archive.org/download/CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100003-7/CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100003-7_djvu.txt.
+[^14]: Jim Schnabel, *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies* (Dell, 1997), as excerpted in Rudy Havenstein, "Dr. Green and the Goblins of Langley," July 11, 2025, https://rudy.substack.com/p/dr-green-and-the-goblins-of-langley.
--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Ray
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Ray
@ -1,47 +1,135 @@
 ---
 created: 2026-05-15
-updated: 2026-09-22
+updated: 2026-10-05
 title: Ray Hyman
 aliases:
  - Ray Hyman
+  - Raymond Hyman
+  - Dr. Hyman
+  - Hyman
 category: "Skeptics & Critics"
 tags:
  - Person
  - Skeptic
-  - PSI
+  - Psychologist
+  - Magician
+  - CSICOP
+  - UriGeller
+  - SRI
  - Stargate
  - AIR
-  - SRI
-  - 1970s
-  - 1990s
-summary: "University of Oregon psychologist and skeptic who evaluated Uri Geller for DARPA in 1973 and, for the 1995 AIR review, judged ten SAIC experiments too few to establish remote viewing."
+  - NationalResearchCouncil
+  - GrillFlame
+  - Parapsychology
+summary: "University of Oregon psychologist who observed Uri Geller at SRI for the Defense Department in 1972, sat on CSICOP's Executive Council, and wrote the skeptical half of the 1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate."
 born: 1928-06-23
-location: "Chelsea, Massachusetts"
+location: "Eugene, Oregon"
+relations:
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Harvard University]]"
+    start: 1953-07
+    end: 1961-06
+    role: "assistant professor of social psychology"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[University of Oregon]]"
+    start: 1961-09
+    role: "associate professor of psychology, professor from September 1964"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Stanford University]]"
+    start: 1982-09
+    end: 1983-06
+    role: "visiting professor of psychology, Thomas Welton Stanford Chair for Psychical Research"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: investigated
+    with: "[[Uri Geller]]"
+    start: 1972-11
+    end: 1972-12
+    role: "observed a day of tests at SRI as consultant to the Department of Defense; wrote that the tests were performed with 'incredible sloppiness'"
+    fn: 3
+  - type: member_of
+    with: "[[Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal]]"
+    role: "Executive Council member"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: member_of
+    with: "[[Skeptical Inquirer]]"
+    role: "editorial board, 1994"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: member_of
+    with: "[[National Research Council]]"
+    start: 1985
+    end: 1991
+    role: "Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance; led the parapsychology section"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: contractor_to
+    with: "[[American Institutes for Research]]"
+    start: 1995-06
+    end: 1995-09-11
+    role: "reviewer of the SRI/SAIC anomalous mental phenomena program for the CIA, with Jessica Utts"
+    fn: 12
 ---

-Ray Hyman is a psychologist and a prominent figure in the scientific skepticism movement. He was contracted by [[DARPA]] in 1973 to evaluate [[Uri Geller]]'s purported psychic abilities at [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]]. Along with [[George Lawrence]] and [[Robert Van de Castle]], Hyman concluded that anyone who believed in Geller's powers was falling for the "ridiculous"[^1].
+Raymond Hyman was born on June 23, 1928 in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He took a bachelor's degree with honors in psychology from Boston University in 1950, a master's degree in 1952 and a doctorate in February 1953 from [[Johns Hopkins University]], and was an assistant professor of social psychology at [[Harvard University]] from July 1953 to June 1961. From 1958 to 1961 he was a consultant in behavioral research to the General Electric Company, and in January to July 1953 a consultant to the Systems Coordination Division of the [[Naval Research Laboratory]]. He joined the [[University of Oregon]] as associate professor of psychology in September 1961 and has been professor there since September 1964. From September 1982 to June 1983 he was visiting professor of psychology at [[Stanford University]], holding the Thomas Welton Stanford Chair for Psychical Research. His 1994 vita lists him on the Executive Council of the [[Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal]] and on the editorial board of the *[[Skeptical Inquirer]]*, and states that he earned his way through college "performing mentalism and reading palms" and has published articles in magic journals.[^1]

-Hyman, along with [[Martin Gardner]], joined forces in an anti-Geller crusade. He was critical of [[Hal Puthoff]] and [[Russell Targ]]'s methodology, echoing Gardner's criticisms of [[J. B. Rhine]]'s research, citing loose laboratory controls, skewing of data, and the influence of experimenter bias[^1].
+His vita states that "since 1953, I have been called upon by various governmental agencies to investigate or evaluate paranormal claims," and lists among examples "the evaluation of a lady who allegedly could read with her fingertips; the evaluation of the claim by a group of engineers that they could teach psychics to gather information from photographs; the assessment of parapsychological research by American and foreign investigators; and the observation of metal bending and other alleged miracles by Uri Geller."[^1]

-In 1983, Hyman weighed in on the [[James Randi]] hoax against the McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research, stating that Randi was "very upset by Geller’s using trickery to deceive scientists. He thought it was very immoral. And he felt that it was a prostitution of his beloved magic"[^1].
+### SRI and Uri Geller, 1972 and 1973

-Hyman was considered for the Army's [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]] in 1979. Its coordinator, Major [[William Stoner]], wrote in January 1980, against the chairman's claim to have "rejected two people who had pronounced tendencies to be nonobjective," that "one person himself declined the offer to participate, claiming potential flak from his corporation. The other, Dr Ray Hyman, was rejected not because of any action by Gale, but because of a protest memo from MG [[Edmund Thompson|Thompson]] to Dr [[Walter LaBerge|LaBerge]]."[^900]
+*[[Time]]* of March 12, 1973 described Hyman as "a psychology professor from the University of Oregon who is used frequently by DOD as a consultant." According to the magazine, news of the work at the [[Stanford Research Institute]] "reached the Department of Defense, and investigators were soon on the scene": Hyman, [[George Lawrence]], the [[DARPA]] projects manager, and Lawrence's companion [[Robert Van de Castle]], a University of Virginia psychologist. Van de Castle "decided that Geller was 'an interesting subject for further study,'" while "neither Lawrence nor Hyman was impressed." After a day with [[Uri Geller]], [[Russell Targ]] and [[Hal Puthoff]], Hyman said he "was able to spot the 'loopholes and inconclusiveness' of each feat." *Time* reported two episodes. In the first, Geller asked Lawrence to write a number between one and ten on a pad as large as possible while Geller covered his eyes with his hands, and Hyman saw Geller's open eyes through his fingers and the arm motions that identified the number. In the second, Geller turned a compass needle about five degrees, Lawrence moved his body and made the needle deflect further, Geller accused Lawrence of trickery, and Targ examined Lawrence for hidden magnets, while Hyman noted that Targ did not feel it necessary to search Geller. Hyman wrote in a letter to a friend that the SRI tests were conducted with "incredible sloppiness" and that the earlier records Targ and Puthoff offered were "the most uncontrolled and poorly recorded data I have ever encountered." The magazine added that his impressions were "admittedly based on observations made on a day when normal testing routine was not in effect."[^2]

-A memorandum from the Under Secretary of the Army's office to Gale of July 17, 1979, reads: "Reference the 'few additional experts,' Dr. Orlansky has accepted. Dr. [[Harry Snyder|Snyder]] of VPI has been asked in place of Dr. Hyman - at this time he has not accepted the invitation." Snyder's own evaluation of remote-viewing research, delivered that June, cited "R. Hyman, personal communication" for its statement that [[Arthur Hastings]], the SRI judge, "is a professional magician."[^901]
+*New Scientist*, in an issue of October 17, 1974 on the Geller research, places the visit in two ways. One passage says Hyman was "called in to see Geller at SRI by a government agency to whom Russell Targ and Dr Hal Puthoff had applied for funding," and that one of Geller's demonstrations for him "at SRI in December 1972" was to guess a number written by another person, where Hyman could "see his eyes through his hands" and the number 10 from "George's arm motions." Another passage says Hyman "observed a day of SRI tests on Geller in November 1972" and concluded that "they don't know how to observe. Targ and Puthoff recounted incidents we just saw in completely the reverse order, making them miracles." The same article records a story Hyman told, confirmed by another person present who asked not to be identified, about a Geller "premonition" of a plane crash in Washington during a half hour in which a newspaper report could have reached him.[^3]
+
+[[Annie Jacobsen]] wrote that Hyman, Lawrence and Van de Castle concluded that anyone who believed in Geller's powers was falling for the "ridiculous," and that Hyman and [[Martin Gardner]] joined in what she called an anti-Geller crusade, criticizing Puthoff and Targ for loose laboratory controls, skewed data and experimenter bias, the charges Gardner had made against [[J. B. Rhine]]. She also wrote that Hyman, in 1983, said of [[James Randi]]'s campaign against Geller that Randi was "very upset by Geller's using trickery to deceive scientists. He thought it was very immoral. And he felt that it was a prostitution of his beloved magic."[^4] [[Edwin May]], in a 1996 commentary, wrote of the visit that Hyman, Lawrence and Van de Castle were refused access to an experiment in progress, and gave the date as 1973 or 1974.[^5]
+
+In a 1985 paper Hyman wrote that "parapsychologists blamed me, rather than Geller, for the fact that Geller cheated in my presence because, as they put it, I did not impose sufficiently stringent conditions to prevent him from cheating."[^6]
+
+### CSICOP
+
+[[Paul Kurtz]] recorded that CSICOP was established on April 30 and May 1, 1976 at a conference at the State University of New York at Buffalo, Amherst campus. The call announcing the committee was signed by, among others, [[George Abell]], [[Isaac Asimov]], [[Antony Flew]], Gardner, [[Sidney Hook]], [[Philip Klass]], [[Ernest Nagel]], [[W. V. Quine]], [[B. F. Skinner]], Randi and [[Marcello Truzzi]]. In 1996 Kurtz listed Hyman, [[James Alcock]] and [[Susan Blackmore]] among the Executive Council members who had examined "in cooperation with parapsychologists, claims of psychic phenomena," set beside Gardner and Randi in "fearlessly debunking" popular claims, and named among efforts to discredit the committee "Hyman's tangle with parapsychologists."[^7]
+
+### Grill Flame, 1979
+
+Hyman was considered for the Army's [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]] in 1979. Its coordinator, Major [[William Stoner]], wrote in January 1980, against the chairman's claim to have "rejected two people who had pronounced tendencies to be nonobjective," that "one person himself declined the offer to participate, claiming potential flak from his corporation. The other, Dr Ray Hyman, was rejected not because of any action by Gale, but because of a protest memo from MG [[Edmund Thompson|Thompson]] to Dr [[Walter LaBerge|LaBerge]]."[^8]
+
+A memorandum from the Under Secretary of the Army's office to [[Manfred Gale]] of July 17, 1979, reads: "Reference the 'few additional experts,' Dr. Orlansky has accepted. Dr. [[Harry Snyder|Snyder]] of VPI has been asked in place of Dr. Hyman - at this time he has not accepted the invitation." Snyder's own evaluation of remote-viewing research, delivered that June, cited "R. Hyman, personal communication" for its statement that [[Arthur Hastings]], the SRI judge, "is a professional magician."[^9]
+
+### Project Alpha, 1979 to 1983
+
+Hyman held the Stanford psychical research chair during the academic year in which [[James Randi]] ended Project Alpha. Randi's account is that he placed two young magicians, [[Steven Shaw]] and [[Michael Edwards]], as subjects in the [[McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research]] at [[Washington University]] beginning in 1979, and revealed the arrangement at a press conference on January 28, 1983. Hyman is named in the August 1987 *Zetetic Scholar* among those who gave Truzzi critical commentary on the preliminary draft of his essay about Alpha, and is listed on its masthead as an associate editor. In it Truzzi recorded that Hyman had pointed out that even a psychic who performed a feat could not repeat it under exactly the same conditions, so a test of a conjuror against a psychic would require both to attempt the same feat under conditions agreed to by proponents, critics and agnostics.[^10]
+
+### Research criticism, 1985 to 1994
+
+Hyman's "Parapsychological Research: A Tutorial Review and Critical Appraisal" appeared in the *Proceedings of the IEEE* in June 1985 and is held in the CIA's STARGATE collection. Its abstract states that "each generation of parapsychologists has set aside the work of earlier generations and offered up as sufficient scientific evidence the best work of its own day," and that "two systematic evaluations of the best contemporary research programs in parapsychology revealed that the experiments departed from the minimal standards of adequate randomization of targets, appropriate use of statistical inference, and controls against sensory leakage."[^6] He was a member of the [[National Research Council]]'s Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance from 1985 to 1991, and Edwin May's 1996 commentary describes [[George Lawrence]] as commissioning that study in 1985 with Hyman leading its parapsychology section.[^1][^5]
+
+In *Psychological Bulletin* in 1994, in "Anomaly or Artifact? Comments on Bem and Honorton," Hyman wrote that although the autoganzfeld experiments of [[Charles Honorton]] were "methodologically superior to previous parapsychological experiments, the tests of their randomization procedures were inadequate," and that "we have to wait for independent replications of these experiments before we can conclude that a replicable anomaly or psi has been demonstrated." The paper is in the same STARGATE files.[^11]

 ### The 1995 Evaluation

-In 1995 the [[American Institutes for Research]], under contract to the CIA, engaged Hyman and the statistician [[Jessica Utts]] to review the research of the [[Stargate Project|Star Gate program]] ([[1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate]]). His report of September 11, 1995, took the ten [[Science Applications International Corporation|SAIC]] experiments as "the only ones for which we have adequate documentation," agreed with Utts that they "were free of the methodological weaknesses that plagued the early SRI research" and that "the effect sizes reported in the SAIC experiments are too large and consistent to be dismissed as statistical flukes," and then answered no to three questions: whether the effects established anomalous cognition, whether "the possibility of methodological flaws" had been "completely eliminated," and whether the results were consistent with other laboratories. "Ten experiments, especially from one laboratory," he wrote, "is far too few to establish reliable relationships in almost any area of inquiry." He compared the field's negatively defined anomaly with the discovery of Neptune from the perturbations of Uranus, and told anyone relying on operational hits to read [[David Marks]] and [[Richard Kammann]] on subjective validation. Of operations he recorded [[Edwin May]]'s estimate that "approximately 20 percent of the information supplied by a viewer is accurate": "If May is correct, then 80% of all the information supplied by this talented viewer will be erroneous."[^2]
+On June 12, 1995 Hyman faxed his curriculum vitae from the University of Oregon psychology department to "Mike" with a handwritten cover note, a document filed in the CIA's "Misc. Stargate Notes/Memos - 1995 Chrono."[^1] In 1995 the [[American Institutes for Research]], under contract to the CIA, engaged Hyman and the statistician [[Jessica Utts]] to review the research of the [[Stargate Project|Star Gate program]] ([[1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate]]). The panel convened at AIR's Palo Alto office; AIR's Michael Mumford and Andrew Rose served as panel members and staff, [[Lincoln Moses]] of Stanford as statistical resource, and [[David Goslin]], AIR's president, as reviewer and coordinator. Utts and Hyman wrote independent reports, took part in conference calls to identify points of agreement and disagreement, and Utts wrote a reply to Hyman's statement of those points.[^12]

-Writing in the *[[Skeptical Inquirer]]* in 1996, he said the CIA "abandoned this program in the late 1970s because it showed no promise," that under the DIA it "consisted of three components," one tracking foreign work, an operations program of "six, and later three, psychics on the government payroll," and the laboratory research at SRI and SAIC; that "because of some controversies within the program, a Senate committee decided to transfer the program from the DIA back to the CIA"; that "May helped identify the ten best studies for Utts and me to evaluate"; and that the panel "all agreed that any scientifically meaningful evaluation of these operational psychic intelligence uses was impossible." He ended: "It is premature to draw any conclusions. We will simply have to wait and see. If history is a guide, then this will be a long wait, indeed."[^3]
+A preliminary draft by Hyman, titled "Preliminary Evaluation of SRI/SAIC Anomalous Mental Phenomena Program" and dated August 29, 1995, was faxed from his office to AIR on August 30, 1995. It opens with a passage from William James of 1909, calls the investigators' conclusion that anomalous cognition was "clearly demonstrated" "premature," and describes his work as "the tentative outcome of a quick first pass." It records that he was "unimpressed by the results of meta-analysis on the psychoenergetic research conducted at SRI International from 1973-1988," which covered 25,449 trials, and describes a "fatal flaw" in the original Targ and Puthoff judging protocol: because a subject learned each target after a session, successive trials were not independent, and a subject might avoid describing anything resembling earlier targets, which he illustrated with the Hoover Tower and the Palo Alto train station. It credits [[David Marks]] with discovering that transcripts given to judges contained clues, and recommends that the project, if continued, contract with several independent laboratories and "some non-parapsychological, neutral investigators" to replicate its key findings. The Hoover Tower illustration does not appear in his report of September 11 as reproduced in the AIR report.[^13][^12]

-On *Nightline* on November 28, 1995, he said: "My considered judgment, if someone pushed me hard right now, I'd have to say the odds are 99 to 1 that there's nothing to remote viewing." Edwin May's commentary of 1996 traced "a thread of bias" from the visit to SRI (1973 or 1974, the accounts differ) at which Hyman, George Lawrence of ARPA, and Robert Van de Castle were refused access to an experiment in progress, and *Time* quoted Hyman on the tests' "incredible sloppiness," through Lawrence's commissioning of the [[National Research Council]] study in 1985 with Hyman leading its parapsychology section, to the AIR review under [[David Goslin]], who had administered the NRC report.[^4]
+His report of September 11, 1995, reproduced in the AIR report at pp. 3-41 to 3-75, took the ten [[Science Applications International Corporation|SAIC]] experiments as "the only ones for which we have adequate documentation," agreed with Utts that they "were free of the methodological weaknesses that plagued the early SRI research" and that "the effect sizes reported in the SAIC experiments are too large and consistent to be dismissed as statistical flukes," and then answered no to three questions: whether the effects established anomalous cognition, whether "the possibility of methodological flaws" had been "completely eliminated," and whether the results were consistent with other laboratories. "Ten experiments, especially from one laboratory," he wrote, "is far too few to establish reliable relationships in almost any area of inquiry." He compared the field's negatively defined anomaly with the discovery of Neptune from the perturbations of Uranus, and told anyone relying on operational hits to read Marks and [[Richard Kammann]] on subjective validation. Of operations he recorded Edwin May's estimate that "approximately 20 percent of the information supplied by a viewer is accurate": "If May is correct, then 80% of all the information supplied by this talented viewer will be erroneous."[^12]
+
+Writing in the *Skeptical Inquirer* in 1996, he said the CIA "abandoned this program in the late 1970s because it showed no promise," that under the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] it "consisted of three components," one tracking foreign work, an operations program of "six, and later three, psychics on the government payroll," and the laboratory research at SRI and SAIC; that "because of some controversies within the program, a Senate committee decided to transfer the program from the DIA back to the CIA"; that "May helped identify the ten best studies for Utts and me to evaluate"; and that the panel "all agreed that any scientifically meaningful evaluation of these operational psychic intelligence uses was impossible." He ended: "It is premature to draw any conclusions. We will simply have to wait and see. If history is a guide, then this will be a long wait, indeed."[^14]
+
+On *Nightline* of [[ABC News]] on November 28, 1995, he said: "My considered judgment, if someone pushed me hard right now, I'd have to say the odds are 99 to 1 that there's nothing to remote viewing." May's commentary of 1996 traced "a thread of bias" from the visit to SRI, at which Hyman, George Lawrence and Robert Van de Castle were refused access to an experiment in progress, and *Time* quoting Hyman on the tests' "incredible sloppiness," through Lawrence's commissioning of the National Research Council study in 1985 with Hyman leading its parapsychology section, to the AIR review under David Goslin, who had administered the NRC report.[^15]

 ### Footnotes

-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
-[^2]: Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of Program on Anomalous Mental Phenomena," September 11, 1995, reproduced in the AIR report, pp. 3-41 to 3-75, and published in *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 31-58. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB438/docs/doc_57.pdf
-[^3]: Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of the Military's Twenty-Year Program on Psychic Spying," *Skeptical Inquirer,* March-April 1996, pp. 21-23.
-[^4]: "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room. May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 3-23.
-[^900]: Stoner, William L., Major, GS, "Memorandum of Conversation, Subject: Gale Briefing to ZA, Science Evaluation Group Final Report on GRILL FLAME, 14 Jan 80," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230017-7. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^901]: "Grill Flame Review Panel Members," undated roster, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230008-7; Office of the Under Secretary of the Army, memorandum for Mr. Manny Gale, July 17, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230004-1; K. Lytle, Major, Military Assistant, memorandum for Mr. Gale, Advisor for RDA Analysis, ODCSRDA, "Briefing for Dr. Ruth Davis and Mr. Nealsen," August 8, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230013-1; Snyder to Gale, undated (catalogued May 11, 1979, but referring to October and a visit of September 28), CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230038-4, and November 19, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230042-9; "Findings," "Recommendations," "Estimated Costs," unsigned, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230043-8; SSO Meade to SSO ACSI DA, "Grill Flame DoD Science Evaluation Team Report," LTC Watt, November 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230047-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Snyder, Harry L., and Arlene G. Snyder. *Summary and Critical Evaluation of Research in Remote Viewing,* Report RV-79-1, final technical report, contract 77F104420, Systemetrics, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, June 1, 1979, parts 1 and 2, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100440001-9 and CIA-RDP96-00787R000100260003-2. The sponsor of the contract is not named in the report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^1]: Hyman, Ray, "Curriculum Vitae," September 1994, faxed from the University of Oregon Department of Psychology June 12, 1995, in "Misc. Stargate Notes/Memos - 1995 Chrono," CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030044-7; Hyman's vita as reproduced in Appendix A of *An Evaluation of Remote Viewing: Research and Applications,* American Institutes for Research, September 29, 1995, https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB438/docs/doc_57.pdf. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: "The Magician and the Think Tank," *Time,* March 12, 1973, pp. 111-112, CIA-RDP96-00787R000400100023-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: Hanlon, Joseph, "Uri Geller and science," *New Scientist,* vol. 64, no. 919, October 17, 1974, CIA-RDP96-00787R000700110020-3. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^4]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^5]: May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 3-23.
+[^6]: Hyman, Ray, "Parapsychological Research: A Tutorial Review and Critical Appraisal," *Proceedings of the IEEE,* June 1985, CIA-RDP96-00789R003800330001-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^7]: Kurtz, Paul, "CSICOP at Twenty," *Skeptical Inquirer,* July/August 1996, pp. 5-8, https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/1996/07/22165034/p05.pdf
+[^8]: Stoner, William L., Major, GS, "Memorandum of Conversation, Subject: Gale Briefing to ZA, Science Evaluation Group Final Report on GRILL FLAME, 14 Jan 80," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230017-7. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^9]: "Grill Flame Review Panel Members," undated roster, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230008-7; Office of the Under Secretary of the Army, memorandum for Mr. Manny Gale, July 17, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230004-1; K. Lytle, Major, Military Assistant, memorandum for Mr. Gale, Advisor for RDA Analysis, ODCSRDA, "Briefing for Dr. Ruth Davis and Mr. Nealsen," August 8, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230013-1; Snyder to Gale, undated (catalogued May 11, 1979, but referring to October and a visit of September 28), CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230038-4, and November 19, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230042-9; "Findings," "Recommendations," "Estimated Costs," unsigned, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230043-8; SSO Meade to SSO ACSI DA, "Grill Flame DoD Science Evaluation Team Report," LTC Watt, November 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230047-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Snyder, Harry L., and Arlene G. Snyder. *Summary and Critical Evaluation of Research in Remote Viewing,* Report RV-79-1, final technical report, contract 77F104420, Systemetrics, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, June 1, 1979, parts 1 and 2, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100440001-9 and CIA-RDP96-00787R000100260003-2. The sponsor of the contract is not named in the report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^10]: Truzzi, Marcello, "Reflections on 'Project Alpha': Scientific Experiment or Conjuror's Illusion?," *Zetetic Scholar,* nos. 12 and 13 (issue numbers printed 11 and 12), August 1987, https://archive.org/details/alpha-project-zetetic-scholar-nos-12-13; Randi, James, "The Project Alpha Experiment: Part 1. The First Two Years," *Skeptical Inquirer,* Summer 1983, https://archive.org/details/JamesRandiTheProjectAlpha
+[^11]: Hyman, Ray, "Anomaly or Artifact? Comments on Bem and Honorton," *Psychological Bulletin,* vol. 115, no. 1, 1994, pp. 19-24, CIA-RDP96-00789R003200100001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^12]: Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of Program on Anomalous Mental Phenomena," September 11, 1995, reproduced in the AIR report, pp. 3-41 to 3-75, and published in *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 31-58; panel composition and procedure at AIR report pp. 2-2 to 2-5. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB438/docs/doc_57.pdf
+[^13]: Hyman, Ray, "Preliminary Evaluation of SRI/SAIC Anomalous Mental Phenomena Program," August 29, 1995, fax transmittal to American Institutes for Research, August 30, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00789R003200290001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^14]: Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of the Military's Twenty-Year Program on Psychic Spying," *Skeptical Inquirer,* March-April 1996, pp. 21-23.
+[^15]: "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room. May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 3-23.
--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Ronald
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Ronald
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Ronald Jay Lister was a former southern California police officer who became [[D

 Before his criminal career, Lister spent nearly fifteen years as a police officer. He started as a military policeman for the U.S. Army and U.S. Army Reserve, stationed in Orange County with the 414th Military Police company. His service records show he held a degree in political science and was trained in processing prisoners of war captured during the Vietnam conflict. He regularly received excellent fitness reports. While an army reservist, Lister hired on as an officer with the police department of Maywood, a small suburb of [[Los Angeles]] that employed only a handful of uniformed patrolmen. He was also a reserve deputy for the [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office|L.A. County Sheriff's Office]] at the same time.[^1]

-Lister was called to active duty in the army for a few months in 1969, and later, when his enlistment ended, he volunteered for the U.S. Coast Guard, serving as a reserve port security officer at Terminal Island in San Pedro, California. In late 1973 he found a home with the [[Laguna Beach Police Department]], which patrols a posh Orange County suburb south of Los Angeles. There he rose through the ranks to become a detective in the burglary division.[^1] Lister's own account to the Justice Department's inspector general was about thirteen years in law enforcement: the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department from 1967, the Maywood police from 1969 to 1973 and the Laguna Beach police from 1973 to 1980. On leaving, he told the inspector general, he became owner of Terman International Security Consultants of Newport Beach, later Mundy's Security Group.[^7]
+Lister was called to active duty in the army for a few months in 1969, and later, when his enlistment ended, he volunteered for the U.S. Coast Guard, serving as a reserve port security officer at Terminal Island in San Pedro, California. In late 1973 he found a home with the [[Laguna Beach Police Department]], which patrols a posh Orange County suburb south of Los Angeles. There he rose through the ranks to become a detective in the burglary division.[^1] Lister's own account to the Justice Department's inspector general was about thirteen years in law enforcement: the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department from 1967, the Maywood police from 1969 to 1973 and the Laguna Beach police from 1973 to 1980. On leaving, he told the inspector general, he became owner of Terman International Security Consultants of Newport Beach, later Mundy's Security Group.[^2]

 Lieutenant Danielle Adams, who served with Lister, recalled him as "always very successful, very tenacious and got the job done." His former chief, [[Neil Purcell]], who was on the hiring board that gave Lister his job, offered a starkly different assessment: "The man, in my opinion, is a lying, conniving, manipulative person who likes to play with people's minds. He's very evasive and loves living on the edge. He's the biggest bullshitter that has ever been placed on this earth." Both agreed on one point: "Don't ever underestimate him. He's very, very bright and very tenacious," Adams warned.[^1]

@ -64,33 +64,33 @@ Between 1983 and 1986, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] opened five separ

 ### CIA Denials

-When defense attorneys tried in 1996 to quiz Blandón about Lister's alleged relationship with the CIA, a federal prosecutor immediately objected, and the jury was ordered out of the courtroom. During a whispered conversation with the judge, the prosecutor said that while it was true that "Lister made a claim... that he was an employee of the CIA," the government believed it was false, made only to "impress [his] illegal business partners," and was an attempt "to deter prosecution." Nevertheless the prosecutor asked the judge to halt that line of inquiry because it was "muddying the waters." The judge decided that since Blandón had denied that Lister worked for the government, there was no need for any more questions. An internal CIA investigation in 1997 declared that Lister had no relationship with the agency.[^1] The Justice Department's inspector general concluded that "we have found no credible evidence that Lister ever had a relationship with the CIA. The evidence does indicate, however, that Lister frequently told people that he had an association with the CIA in order to impress them and to hide his illegal activities." The FBI had closed a 1984 investigation of his attempt to sell equipment to foreign nationals because he could not supply it, concluding that he "clearly had intentions of violating U.S. export laws" but lacked the ability, and its [[San Francisco]] office called him the "quintessential con man." The CIA's inspector general confirmed that William Nelson, the retired security consultant Lister named as a contact, had once been the agency's Deputy Director for Operations.[^7]
+When defense attorneys tried in 1996 to quiz Blandón about Lister's alleged relationship with the CIA, a federal prosecutor immediately objected, and the jury was ordered out of the courtroom. During a whispered conversation with the judge, the prosecutor said that while it was true that "Lister made a claim... that he was an employee of the CIA," the government believed it was false, made only to "impress [his] illegal business partners," and was an attempt "to deter prosecution." Nevertheless the prosecutor asked the judge to halt that line of inquiry because it was "muddying the waters." The judge decided that since Blandón had denied that Lister worked for the government, there was no need for any more questions. An internal CIA investigation in 1997 declared that Lister had no relationship with the agency.[^1] The Justice Department's inspector general concluded that "we have found no credible evidence that Lister ever had a relationship with the CIA. The evidence does indicate, however, that Lister frequently told people that he had an association with the CIA in order to impress them and to hide his illegal activities." The FBI had closed a 1984 investigation of his attempt to sell equipment to foreign nationals because he could not supply it, concluding that he "clearly had intentions of violating U.S. export laws" but lacked the ability, and its [[San Francisco]] office called him the "quintessential con man." The CIA's inspector general confirmed that William Nelson, the retired security consultant Lister named as a contact, had once been the agency's Deputy Director for Operations.[^2]

 Lister dismissed any suggestion that he was "knowingly" working for the CIA. In an interview with police in 1996, he claimed "that if he were affiliated with an organization like the CIA, he wouldn't talk about it." The detectives noted that "Lister did display some knowledge of the U.S. intelligence community during our interview." Blandón's attorney [[Brad Brunon]] described Lister as "one of these guys who would boast about having bugging capabilities, would boast about having wiretap capabilities, you could get any information any time, one of those... I-can-uplink-to-the-satellite sort of guy." Brunon said of Lister: "I never knew what his true role was. I mean, he covertly insinuated that he was CIA. At least, if not a sworn member, whatever the hell they do to get to become employees - some sort of operative." Brunon "really didn't have much communication with the guy because he scared me."[^1]

 ### Mundy Security Group

-In mid-1983, Lister incorporated [[Mundy Security Group]] Inc. in Laguna Beach. Named as directors and officers were Lister, attorney Maurice Green, attorney Gary Shapiro, and reserve police officer Christopher W. Moore. A business card found in a 1986 drug raid identified Danilo Blandón as a vice president. The company was licensed with the U.S. State Department in 1983 to export U.S. Munitions List items to other countries, receiving three temporary export licenses (DSP-73s) for laser components and spare parts. Aside from burglar alarm installations, the company's main business activity was marketing a laser sighting device for AR-15 assault rifles designed by Lister's partner [[William Downing]].[^2]
+In mid-1983, Lister incorporated [[Mundy Security Group]] Inc. in Laguna Beach. Named as directors and officers were Lister, attorney Maurice Green, attorney Gary Shapiro, and reserve police officer Christopher W. Moore. A business card found in a 1986 drug raid identified Danilo Blandón as a vice president. The company was licensed with the U.S. State Department in 1983 to export U.S. Munitions List items to other countries, receiving three temporary export licenses (DSP-73s) for laser components and spare parts. Aside from burglar alarm installations, the company's main business activity was marketing a laser sighting device for AR-15 assault rifles designed by Lister's partner [[William Downing]].[^3]

-Moore described director Maurice Green as a self-proclaimed legal genius with a severe drug and alcohol problem who had a hollow wall built behind his desk for emergency escape. Green was prosecuted and disbarred in 1987 for forging prescriptions and sentenced to two years in prison in 1992 for grand theft and practicing law without a license. Director Gary Shapiro described an incident where angry doctors besieged the office over Green's financial mismanagement.[^2]
+Moore described director Maurice Green as a self-proclaimed legal genius with a severe drug and alcohol problem who had a hollow wall built behind his desk for emergency escape. Green was prosecuted and disbarred in 1987 for forging prescriptions and sentenced to two years in prison in 1992 for grand theft and practicing law without a license. Director Gary Shapiro described an incident where angry doctors besieged the office over Green's financial mismanagement.[^3]

 ### Connection to William Nelson

-Lister's most significant intelligence connection was [[William Nelson|Bill Nelson]], the CIA's former deputy director of operations from 1973 to 1976, who later became vice president for security at Fluor Corporation. During 1982 and 1983, Lister met with Nelson at Fluor's headquarters - described by Chris Moore as "Ron's big CIA contact." Former CIA officer John Vandewerker confirmed that Nelson and Lister knew each other. Nelson's name appeared at the top of a handwritten list of seven names that Lister prepared for his 1985 grand jury appearance, alongside Roberto D'Aubuisson and Ray Prendes.[^2]
+Lister's most significant intelligence connection was [[William Nelson|Bill Nelson]], the CIA's former deputy director of operations from 1973 to 1976, who later became vice president for security at Fluor Corporation. During 1982 and 1983, Lister met with Nelson at Fluor's headquarters - described by Chris Moore as "Ron's big CIA contact." Former CIA officer John Vandewerker confirmed that Nelson and Lister knew each other. Nelson's name appeared at the top of a handwritten list of seven names that Lister prepared for his 1985 grand jury appearance, alongside Roberto D'Aubuisson and Ray Prendes.[^3]

 ### FBI KGB Investigation and Grand Jury

-On April 3, 1985, two FBI agents, Richard Smith and David Cook, delivered a grand jury subpoena to Lister's home in Mission Viejo. They questioned him about contacts with Soviet bloc countries. Lister confirmed to police in 1996 that he had been the subject of a "grand jury investigation on my relationship with Soviet agents." He said he had sold an FBI "scrambler system" to someone overseas, and the FBI investigated only to find the equipment was declassified and available commercially.[^2]
+On April 3, 1985, two FBI agents, Richard Smith and David Cook, delivered a grand jury subpoena to Lister's home in Mission Viejo. They questioned him about contacts with Soviet bloc countries. Lister confirmed to police in 1996 that he had been the subject of a "grand jury investigation on my relationship with Soviet agents." He said he had sold an FBI "scrambler system" to someone overseas, and the FBI investigated only to find the equipment was declassified and available commercially.[^3]

-FBI agent Smith recalled that Lister was attempting to sell classified electronic equipment to Soviet [[KGB]] agents. The FBI conducted a sting operation with agents posing as KGB agents. Smith said Lister's activities were "completely illegal and clearly in violation of United States national security." Chief Purcell recalled the FBI was "absolutely convinced he was selling this stuff to the Russians" and showed him photographs of Lister meeting with Russians in San Francisco, New York, and the Embassy in Washington. But Purcell told the FBI: "Pardon me for laughing, but he's taking you guys for a ride." The FBI discovered Lister was overcharging the Russians four to five times retail for camera equipment. Smith claimed Lister was never prosecuted because he was "full of hot air" and lacked "present capability" to produce the equipment, though the case went to a grand jury.[^2]
+FBI agent Smith recalled that Lister was attempting to sell classified electronic equipment to Soviet [[KGB]] agents. The FBI conducted a sting operation with agents posing as KGB agents. Smith said Lister's activities were "completely illegal and clearly in violation of United States national security." Chief Purcell recalled the FBI was "absolutely convinced he was selling this stuff to the Russians" and showed him photographs of Lister meeting with Russians in San Francisco, New York, and the Embassy in Washington. But Purcell told the FBI: "Pardon me for laughing, but he's taking you guys for a ride." The FBI discovered Lister was overcharging the Russians four to five times retail for camera equipment. Smith claimed Lister was never prosecuted because he was "full of hot air" and lacked "present capability" to produce the equipment, though the case went to a grand jury.[^3]

 ### Seized Documents and National Security Classification

-When L.A. detectives tried to obtain FBI files on the Lister investigation in 1996, FBI Special Agent Tim Bezick stated that "the FBI reports and the transcripts of Lister's grand jury testimony were protected by the National Security Act." Joel Levin, chief of the Criminal Division of the San Francisco [[U.S. Attorney's office]], confirmed a court order would be required. The personnel files from Lister's old employers were also inaccessible: Maywood Police Department files were "sealed by the City of Maywood," and Laguna Beach Police Department files had been purged entirely.[^2]
+When L.A. detectives tried to obtain FBI files on the Lister investigation in 1996, FBI Special Agent Tim Bezick stated that "the FBI reports and the transcripts of Lister's grand jury testimony were protected by the National Security Act." Joel Levin, chief of the Criminal Division of the San Francisco [[U.S. Attorney's office]], confirmed a court order would be required. The personnel files from Lister's old employers were also inaccessible: Maywood Police Department files were "sealed by the City of Maywood," and Laguna Beach Police Department files had been purged entirely.[^3]

-Documents seized during a 1986 narcotics raid on Lister's house included a ten-page handwritten document chronicling weapons and equipment deals, including meetings with a customer named "Ivan" at the Fairmont Hotel in [[San Jose]] and a visit to the Russian embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]] Lister's monthly calendars for 1985 contained "frequent references to the Contras," including notations reading "SF Contras," "LA Contras," "D-Contra" and at least one reference to the DIA. Agents seized weapons code sheets and a handwritten note bearing the names of several CIA operatives working with [[Eden Pastora]]'s [[ARDE]] group.[^2]
+Documents seized during a 1986 narcotics raid on Lister's house included a ten-page handwritten document chronicling weapons and equipment deals, including meetings with a customer named "Ivan" at the Fairmont Hotel in [[San Jose]] and a visit to the Russian embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]] Lister's monthly calendars for 1985 contained "frequent references to the Contras," including notations reading "SF Contras," "LA Contras," "D-Contra" and at least one reference to the DIA. Agents seized weapons code sheets and a handwritten note bearing the names of several CIA operatives working with [[Eden Pastora]]'s [[ARDE]] group.[^3]

-A flow chart found in Lister's notes contained boxes labeled "Swiss Bank," "U.S. State Department," "H.K.," "X Country," and "Factory USA." [[U.S. Customs]] Service analysis concluded it diagrammed a scheme to illegally divert American-made weapons using fraudulent end-user certificates - precisely the method [[Oliver North]] used to arm the Contras after the congressional funding cutoff. The Justice Department's inspector general concluded that "whatever the legality of the transactions depicted in the flow chart, nothing indicates that it shows the sale of arms to the Contras, and certainly nothing suggests that it depicts the use of drug money in any of the deals," and that "the documents seized from Lister in 1986 largely corroborate his account of his relationship with Blandon and the Contras. Lister would have liked to sell military and security weaponry and equipment to the Contras and to factions in El Salvador but we found no evidence showing that he did."[^2][^7]
+A flow chart found in Lister's notes contained boxes labeled "Swiss Bank," "U.S. State Department," "H.K.," "X Country," and "Factory USA." [[U.S. Customs]] Service analysis concluded it diagrammed a scheme to illegally divert American-made weapons using fraudulent end-user certificates - precisely the method [[Oliver North]] used to arm the Contras after the congressional funding cutoff. The Justice Department's inspector general concluded that "whatever the legality of the transactions depicted in the flow chart, nothing indicates that it shows the sale of arms to the Contras, and certainly nothing suggests that it depicts the use of drug money in any of the deals," and that "the documents seized from Lister in 1986 largely corroborate his account of his relationship with Blandon and the Contras. Lister would have liked to sell military and security weaponry and equipment to the Contras and to factions in El Salvador but we found no evidence showing that he did."[^2][^3]

 ### Drug Trafficking Expertise

@ -100,18 +100,18 @@ Lister told CIA inspectors that he had been to Colombia with Blandón and observ

 ### Cocaine Distribution Operations

-As 1982 drew to a close, Blandón's cocaine trafficking business in Los Angeles expanded dramatically. Lister described the logistics to police: "I'd go over to D's [Blandón's] house, take my Mercedes over there, put three U-Haul boxes which will cover about 100 keys, about 33 per box plus one you'd squeeze in, in the trunk, go over to south L.A. It was the slickest deal you've ever seen."[^1] The Torres brothers told investigators that "Blandón is working with an ex-Laguna Beach police officer by the name of Ronnie, who lives in an expensive house in Mission Viejo and drives a new Mercedes automobile. Ronnie transported 100 kilos of [[Cocaine]] to the Black market and has transported millions of dollars to [[Miami]] for Danilo Blandón.".[^5]
+As 1982 drew to a close, Blandón's cocaine trafficking business in Los Angeles expanded dramatically. Lister described the logistics to police: "I'd go over to D's [Blandón's] house, take my Mercedes over there, put three U-Haul boxes which will cover about 100 keys, about 33 per box plus one you'd squeeze in, in the trunk, go over to south L.A. It was the slickest deal you've ever seen."[^1] The Torres brothers told investigators that "Blandón is working with an ex-Laguna Beach police officer by the name of Ronnie, who lives in an expensive house in Mission Viejo and drives a new Mercedes automobile. Ronnie transported 100 kilos of [[Cocaine]] to the Black market and has transported millions of dollars to [[Miami]] for Danilo Blandón.".[^4]

 ### October 1986 Raids

-On October 27, 1986, the [[LASD Major Violators]] raided Lister's former Mission Viejo house - where [[Aparicio Moreno]] was now living - and his new residence. At the new house, Deputy Bobby Juarez explained they were executing a drug warrant. Lister responded: "I know why you're here, but why are you here? Mr. Weekly knows what I'm doing and you're not supposed to be here." Lister told deputies he "had dealings in [[South America]] and worked with the CIA and added that his friends in Washington weren't going to like what was going on." Deputy Richard Love said Lister warned: "You don't know what you are doing. There's a bigger picture here. I'm working for the CIA. The government is allowing drug sales to go on in the United States." Lister also had "intimate details about a plane loaded with guns that crashed in Nicaragua" and "alluded to the fact that he had been on one of those planes before." No drugs were found. Seized evidence was logged as "miscellaneous CIA info" and included "a lot of Contra rebel correspondence."[^3]
+On October 27, 1986, the [[LASD Major Violators]] raided Lister's former Mission Viejo house - where [[Aparicio Moreno]] was now living - and his new residence. At the new house, Deputy Bobby Juarez explained they were executing a drug warrant. Lister responded: "I know why you're here, but why are you here? Mr. Weekly knows what I'm doing and you're not supposed to be here." Lister told deputies he "had dealings in [[South America]] and worked with the CIA and added that his friends in Washington weren't going to like what was going on." Deputy Richard Love said Lister warned: "You don't know what you are doing. There's a bigger picture here. I'm working for the CIA. The government is allowing drug sales to go on in the United States." Lister also had "intimate details about a plane loaded with guns that crashed in Nicaragua" and "alluded to the fact that he had been on one of those planes before." No drugs were found. Seized evidence was logged as "miscellaneous CIA info" and included "a lot of Contra rebel correspondence."[^5]

-Deputies found papers showing Lister had "regular meeting with DIA subcontractor [[Scott Weekly]]," handwritten weapons lists including antiaircraft weapons, 1,000 AR-15 rifles, and napalm bombs, and a list of names including William Nelson, Roberto D'Aubuisson, and Scott Weekly. Federal agents copied over 1,000 pages of seized documents, then nearly all copies disappeared. The CIA's Los Angeles office sent an "Immediate Director" cable asking for traces on Lister, Blandón, and Meneses. Lister denied the CIA claims, but Sergeant Art Fransen said Lister erupted in a "tirade": "You guys don't know what you are doing. I deal with the CIA. I got power!"[^3]
+Deputies found papers showing Lister had "regular meeting with DIA subcontractor [[Scott Weekly]]," handwritten weapons lists including antiaircraft weapons, 1,000 AR-15 rifles, and napalm bombs, and a list of names including William Nelson, Roberto D'Aubuisson, and Scott Weekly. Federal agents copied over 1,000 pages of seized documents, then nearly all copies disappeared. The CIA's Los Angeles office sent an "Immediate Director" cable asking for traces on Lister, Blandón, and Meneses. Lister denied the CIA claims, but Sergeant Art Fransen said Lister erupted in a "tirade": "You guys don't know what you are doing. I deal with the CIA. I got power!"[^5]

 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 6: "They were doing their patriotic duty"
-[^2]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 10: "Teach a man a craft and he's liable to practice it"
-[^3]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 18: "We bust our ass and the government's involved"
-[^5]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Ch. 9, Ch. 8.
-[^7]: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General. *The CIA-Contra-Crack Cocaine Controversy: A Review of the Justice Department's Investigations and Prosecutions.* December 1997, chapter V. https://oig.justice.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/special/9712/
+[^2]: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General. *The CIA-Contra-Crack Cocaine Controversy: A Review of the Justice Department's Investigations and Prosecutions.* December 1997, chapter V. https://oig.justice.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/special/9712/
+[^3]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 10: "Teach a man a craft and he's liable to practice it"
+[^4]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Ch. 9, Ch. 8.
+[^5]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 18: "We bust our ass and the government's involved"
--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Stefan
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Stefan
@ -1,17 +1,59 @@
 ---
-aliases:
- Stefan Kanfer
-category: "Skeptics & Critics"
+category: "Authors & Journalists"
 tags:
  - Person
-  - Skeptic
-summary: "Stefan Kanfer was a reporter for *Time* magazine."
+  - Journalist
+  - Time
+  - Critic
+  - Magician
+  - UriGeller
+  - SRI
+  - Parapsychology
+alias:
+  - Stefan Kanfer
+  - Steve Kanfer
+  - Kanfer
+summary: "Time associate editor who wrote the March 4, 1974 cover story on psychic phenomena, an amateur magician who treated Uri Geller and the SRI research as unproven and called for examiners with no prior belief."
 born: 1933-05-17
 died: 2018-06-19
 location: "New York City, New York, USA"
+relations:
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Time]]"
+    end: 1987
+    role: "writer, critic, associate editor and senior editor; wrote the March 4, 1974 cover story 'Boom Times on the Psychic Frontier'; resigned his staff position in 1987"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[City Journal]]"
+    start: 1995
+    role: "contributing writer, at the request of editor Myron Magnet"
+    fn: 3
+created: 2026-05-15
+updated: 2026-10-05
 ---

-Stefan Kanfer was a reporter for *Time* magazine. He was a vocal critic of the [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]]'s involvement in [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] research, particularly its work with [[Uri Geller]]. Kanfer targeted SRI for blame, stating, "SRI should be destroyed" for carrying out this kind of research, and that "That’s the way fascism began"[^1].
+Stefan Kanfer was born on May 17, 1933 and died on June 19, 2018, a month after his eighty-fifth birthday. He worked at [[Time]] for about three decades, edited its book review section, and wrote novels and biographies; he resigned his staff position in 1987 and stopped freelancing for the magazine about five years later. In a tribute in *[[City Journal]]*, [[Myron Magnet]] called him "by a long measure the best book and movie critic that *Time* magazine could boast, excepting only James Agee." Kanfer's other occupations, in that account, included playing the musical saw in Greenwich Village clubs, work in advertising, service as a military interrogator, and writing cartoon captions and television gags. He began writing for *City Journal* in 1995.[^1]
+
+### The March 4, 1974 cover story
+
+In the issue of *Time* dated March 4, 1974, the Publisher's Letter states that "Associate Editor Stefan Kanfer, who wrote the cover story, managed to remain free of psychic interruption last week," and quotes him: "I got into this topic through the back door, some would say front door, of magic and mentalism. There are many tricks with which one can duplicate paranormal phenomena." The letter describes Kanfer as an amateur magician who "astounded numerous TIME staffers" by guessing over the telephone cards drawn from a deck in the office of Senior Editor [[Leon Jaroff]], one floor above, and records that Jaroff, who brought "an admitted predisposition to skepticism" to the story, said that "belief in these matters is less a function of intelligence than of psychological need." The letter adds that Los Angeles Correspondent Richard Duncan had himself photographed by the Kirlian process at [[University of California, Los Angeles]], and that on closing night the magazine's computerized copy-processing system failed at about the moment the story was entered.[^2]
+
+The cover story, "Boom Times on the Psychic Frontier," opens with the assertion that the [[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] "assigns a team to investigate seemingly authentic psychic phenomena at the Stanford Research Institute." It describes [[Uri Geller]]'s work at [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI) as a film in which he picked a can containing an object from identical empty cans, influenced laboratory scales, reproduced drawings sealed in envelopes, deflected a magnetometer, and called the upper face of a die in a closed box eight times in eight tries. It reports that [[Ray Hyman]] of the [[University of Oregon]], assigned by the Department of Defense to report on the SRI work and accompanied by [[George Lawrence]], the DOD projects manager for ARPA, "caught Geller in some outright deceptions," and that Hyman called the SRI controls "incredible sloppiness."[^2]
+
+The story gives [[James Randi]] a paragraph, describing him as a television performer who "duplicates many of Uri Geller's achievements with a combination of sleight of hand, misdirected attention and patented paraphernalia." It records that on the *[[Tonight Show]]* [[Johnny Carson]] imposed controls at Randi's suggestion and that nothing Geller attempted during twenty minutes succeeded, and that Geller cancelled a British tour citing "death threats" after English magicians planned to observe him. It reviews [[Andrija Puharich]]'s forthcoming book *Uri* (Doubleday), quoting the passage in which [[Russell Targ]] told Geller that his account of outer-space intelligences agreed "very well with things that Hal [[Harold Puthoff]] and I believe but we can't prove," and asking why the SRI scientists had not mentioned Geller's claimed contacts with outer space.[^2]
+
+The same article lists connections it calls "questionable": that Puthoff is "a promoter of the bizarre and controversial cult of Scientology," which [[Ingo Swann]] also practices; that Putnam executive [[William Targ]] had contracted to publish astronaut [[Edgar Mitchell]]'s *Psychic Exploration* and said at the signing that "the real race now between the Russians and us is in the area of sciences like ESP"; and that Mitchell's [[Institute of Noetic Sciences]] "helped to fund S.R.I.'s Geller research, which was conducted largely by Puthoff and Russell Targ, who happens to be Editor Targ's son." It closes that "there is only one way to tell: by a thorough examination of the phenomena by those who do not express an a priori belief," and that "until such examiners are allowed to play the psychic game, it is unlikely that the paranormal will escape" the prohibition of Leviticus on mediums and wizards.[^2]
+
+The story was reproduced in the CIA's STARGATE collection (CIA-RDP96-00787R000700030001-3, with a second copy at CIA-RDP96-00787R000100030002-8). The April 16, 1974 CIA memorandum on a request by Time's former reporter [[John L. Wilhelm]] to interview Puthoff and Targ was written six weeks after its publication.[^4]
+
+### Statement attributed to Kanfer on SRI
+
+[[Annie Jacobsen]] reports that Kanfer blamed SRI for the psychic research and said "SRI should be destroyed" for carrying it out, adding "that's the way fascism began."[^5]

 ### Footnotes
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+
+[^1]: Magnet, Myron. "Irreplaceable Steve," *City Journal,* 2018. https://www.city-journal.org/article/irreplaceable-steve (birth date May 17, 1933 and death date June 19, 2018 as carried on the prior vault page; the tribute gives his eighty-fifth birthday as May 17, 2018).
+[^2]: "Boom Times on the Psychic Frontier," *Time,* March 4, 1974, cover story and Publisher's Letter, CIA-RDP96-00787R000700030001-3. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection: https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00787r000700030001-3
+[^3]: Magnet, Myron. "Irreplaceable Steve," *City Journal,* 2018. https://www.city-journal.org/article/irreplaceable-steve
+[^4]: Memorandum for the Record, "Request for Information about Stanford Research Institute (SRI) Paranormal Research Project by Mr. Wilhelm former Time Reporter," April 16, 1974, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200200023-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^5]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017. Sole source for the passages so cited.
--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Tom
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Tom
@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ Despite his proficiency, McNear did not want to remain part of the viewer unit a

 In 1985, the [[Department of Defense]] published a forty-one-page how-to manual, "Coordinate Remote Viewing, Stages I–VI and Beyond." The author of this manual, declassified in 2000, was Tom McNear[^1].

-The released CIA collection on the program carries no legible mention of McNear.[^900]
+The released CIA collection on the program carries no legible mention of McNear.[^2]

 ### Footnotes
+
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
-[^900]: The archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection, about 13,000 items under the identifiers cia-rdp96-*, searched by title and OCR text.
+[^2]: The archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection, about 13,000 items under the identifiers cia-rdp96-*, searched by title and OCR text.
--- a/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Walter
+++ b/PEOPLE/(H-M)/Walter
@ -1,16 +1,78 @@
 ---
-aliases:
- Walter Levy
-category: "Skeptics & Critics"
+category: "Scientists & Researchers"
 tags:
  - Person
-  - Skeptic
-summary: "Walter Levy was an assistant to J."
+  - Parapsychologist
+  - Fraud
+  - Durham
+  - InstituteForParapsychology
+  - Rhine
+  - AnimalPsi
+  - 1970s
+alias:
+  - Walter Levy
+  - Walter J. Levy
+  - Walter J. Levy Jr.
+  - Walter Jay Levy
+  - W. J. Levy
+  - W. Jay Levy
+  - Jay Levy
+  - Levy
+summary: "Director of J. B. Rhine's Institute for Parapsychology in Durham who resigned in June 1974 after colleagues recorded him altering the output of rat and gerbil psi experiments."
+location: "Durham, North Carolina"
+relations:
+  - type: director_of
+    with: "[[Institute for Parapsychology]]"
+    start: 1973
+    end: 1974-06
+    role: "laboratory director at the Foundation for Research on the Nature of Man, Durham; resigned after the June 11, 1974 observation"
+    fn: 3
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[J. B. Rhine]]"
+    start: 1973
+    end: 1974
+    role: "full-time researcher after graduating from the Medical College of Georgia in 1973; summer worker from 1969"
+    fn: 3
+  - type: subject_of
+    with: "[[James Kennedy]]"
+    start: 1974-05-10
+    end: 1974-06-11
+    role: "observed and recorded by Jerry Levin, Jim Davis and James Kennedy; chart recorder installed June 9, 1974"
+    fn: 5
+created: 2026-05-15
+updated: 2026-10-05
 ---

-Walter Levy was an assistant to [[J. B. Rhine]] at the [[Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory]]. In 1974, he was caught cheating in an experiment involving rats. The experiment was designed to test whether rats could use [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] to increase the number of pleasurable brain stimulations delivered by an apparatus[^1].
+Walter J. Levy Jr. (known as W. Jay Levy) was a medical student who began working at J. B. Rhine's parapsychology institute in Durham, North Carolina during his summer vacation in 1969. In March 1971 the *[[Journal of Parapsychology]]* published "Repetition of the French Precognition Experiments with Mice" by Levy, L. Allen Mayo Jr., Eve Andre and Anita McRae; the editors' note describes Levy as a second-year medical student at the [[Medical College of Georgia]], Mayo as a [[Duke University]] zoology graduate student, Andre as a librarian in Victoria, Australia, and McRae as a research assistant at the [[Institute for Parapsychology]]. The copy of that paper is in the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] STARGATE collection.[^1]

-Levy's research assistants discovered him tampering with the lab equipment and recorded him on videotape. When confronted with the evidence, Levy confessed and resigned. This scandal became fodder for skeptics of Rhine and his [[Parapsychology|parapsychology]] research[^1].
+### Directorship
+
+The Institute for Parapsychology, in Durham, was the successor to the Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory that [[J. B. Rhine]] had moved off campus on his retirement from Duke in 1965, and was part of the Foundation for Research on the Nature of Man.[^2] [[Time]] reported on August 26, 1974 that after Levy graduated from the Medical College of Georgia in 1973 Rhine "hired him as a full-time researcher; soon he was promoted to director," that he had "showed an unusual talent for automating experiments and recording data," and that his experiments tested the ability of rodents to anticipate events (extrasensory perception) or to affect physical changes by will (psychokinesis). In the rat experiments, electrodes implanted in a pleasure zone of the brain delivered stimuli at random intervals from a computer keyed to the decay of atoms in a strontium 90 sample; the expected rate without influence was 50 percent, and by early May 1974 Levy was reporting 54 percent.[^3] [[James Kennedy]] later wrote that the Levy case came shortly after Rhine's 1974 article on researcher fraud.[^4]
+
+### The 1974 exposure
+
+The chronology written in 1974 by James Kennedy, J. W. Davis and Jerry Levin records the sequence. On Friday, May 10, 1974, Levin observed Levy at the indicator panel of the small-rodent precognition work holding wires from the random generator "in a position where he could control the target chosen"; Levin did not witness a clear-cut manipulation, and taped the wires. About a week later he told Kennedy. On Saturday, June 8, Kennedy set up a rat implantation experiment (the effect of valium on psychokinesis scoring) with the wires to the rat left disconnected without Levy's knowledge, saw Levy with his hand in the equipment several times, and on entering the room after Levy left found "a long string of hits had just been recorded on paper tape punch, which was the official record." Levy had commented several times that positive results with valium "might lead to some financial support." On Sunday, June 9, Kennedy, Levin and Davis installed an Esterline Angus chart recorder in the basement to record the output of the random generator, and decided that Davis would watch from the porch off the experimenter room.[^5]
+
+On Tuesday, June 11, in an isolation experiment officially Kennedy's, Davis noticed that the mechanical counter sounded on every trial (every four seconds) but the paper punch, the official record, did not register on every trial while Levy was in the room. Comparing the punch record with the chart record afterward, "it was apparent that when a long string of hits occurred on the paper punch record, the misses were simply not recorded." From the porch Davis saw Levy enter the room and put his hand among the wires, and from the window saw that the plug carrying the channel that recorded misses had been removed; Levy returned twice more, and the plug was reinserted before Davis went back in. The three recorded that "for at least the past few months it has been Dr. Levy's practice to spend an excessive amount of time in close proximity to the equipment during studies involving his lines of research." Kennedy added in 2005 that he had left the rat's wires disconnected because he wished to test whether the experimenter or the animal produced the apparent effects, and had initially rejected Levin's suspicions because he "could not comprehend how someone would work so hard and be so devoted to a topic that he was fraudulently producing."[^5]
+
+The three reported to Rhine, who confronted Levy. Time wrote that Levy "confessed and resigned, later telling friends that he had been under great pressure to produce positive results and had been overburdened by administrative duties," insisted that this was the only time he had falsified data, and said that after failing to reproduce earlier positive tests he felt a need to force the data to reflect the results he expected; Rhine "set other staff members to work, checking the more important of Levy's earlier findings, and cautioned other psychic researchers not to rely on these data until they can be verified." The magazine called the case "the parapsychological equivalent of the famous case of the painted mice at Manhattan's Sloan-Kettering Institute."[^3]
+
+[[Annie Jacobsen]] writes that Levy was a Rhine assistant who was caught in 1974 cheating in an experiment in which rats were thought to use ESP to increase the number of pleasurable brain stimulations, that his research assistants found him tampering with the equipment and recorded him on videotape, and that he confessed and resigned when confronted.[^6] Kennedy's contemporaneous chronology describes a chart recorder and a human observer, and does not mention videotape.[^5]
+
+### Rhine's reports and later accounts
+
+Rhine published "A New Case of Experimenter Unreliability" in the *Journal of Parapsychology* in 1974 (volume 38, pages 215 to 225) and "A Second Report on a Case of Experimenter Fraud" in 1975 (volume 39, pages 306 to 325); the volume 38 index lists a comment on the first by Jule Eisenbud.[^7] Kennedy wrote that the extent of the fraud took about a year to investigate, that the investigation found evidence of fraud in all of Levy's lines of research (including a fully fabricated computerized game experiment with human subjects), and that he later posted the original summaries of three of Levy's four lines of work (maze, rat implantation and egg).[^8] Kennedy also disputed accounts by [[D. Scott Rogo]], [[Chris Roe]] and [[John Palmer]] of who first became suspicious, whether Rhine and others suppressed reporting, and whether the fraud was confined to a single experiment.[^8]
+
+The Levy case appears in the STARGATE collection in an abstract of Werner Eeman's article "Fraud" in *Psi-Forum* (1985), in *Parapsychology Abstracts International*, which states that "we should not dramatize these uncovered frauds, such as those of Soal and Levy."[^9]

 ### Footnotes
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+
+[^1]: Levy, Walter J., Jr., L. Allen Mayo, Jr., Eve Andre and Anita McRae. "Repetition of the French Precognition Experiments with Mice," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 35, no. 1, March 1971, CIA-RDP96-00787R000400100021-6. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Time (note 3) states Levy began working at the institute in the summer of 1969.
+[^2]: "Rhine Research Center," Psi Encyclopedia, Society for Psychical Research, https://psi-encyclopedia.spr.ac.uk/articles/rhine-research-center/ (states that testing continued at Duke until Rhine's retirement in 1965, when the laboratory moved off campus and was renamed the Foundation for the Research on the Nature of Man, which included the Institute for Parapsychology).
+[^3]: "Science: The Psychic Scandal," *Time,* August 26, 1974. https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,944971,00.html
+[^4]: Kennedy, J. E. "Researcher Fraud in Experimental Parapsychology," Psi Encyclopedia, https://psi-encyclopedia.spr.ac.uk/articles/researcher-fraud-in-experimental-parapsychology/ (gives Rhine's 1974 article on fraud as published shortly before the Levy case and records Rhine making Levy director in 1973).
+[^5]: Kennedy, J. E., J. W. Davis and J. Levin. "Chronology of Events in Exposing W.J. Levy," 1974, with additional information added by Kennedy in March 2005. https://www.jeksite.org/psi/fchron.pdf, linked from https://www.jeksite.org/psi/fraud.htm
+[^6]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^7]: *The Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 38 (1974) index, listing "a new case of experimenter unreliability, 215-25," https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-parapsychology_1974_38_index; Kennedy, "Notes on a Case of Scientific Fraud in Parapsychology," https://www.jeksite.org/psi/fraud.htm (gives the 1975 report as J. B. Rhine, "A Second Report on a Case of Experimenter Fraud," *Journal of Parapsychology,* 1975, pp. 306-325, and notes a "surprisingly accurate article" in Time on August 26, 1974).
+[^8]: Kennedy, J. E. "Notes on a Case of Scientific Fraud in Parapsychology," https://www.jeksite.org/psi/fraud.htm; Kennedy, "Researcher Fraud in Experimental Parapsychology," Psi Encyclopedia, https://psi-encyclopedia.spr.ac.uk/articles/researcher-fraud-in-experimental-parapsychology/
+[^9]: *Parapsychology Abstracts International,* abstract 02965, Eeman, Werner, "Fraud [Part 1]," *Psi-Forum,* 1985, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 82-94, CIA-RDP96-00792R000400040001-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Amnon
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Amnon
@ -1,22 +1,94 @@
 ---
-aliases:
- Amnon Rubinstein
-category: "Skeptics & Critics"
+category: "Political Figure"
 tags:
  - Person
-  - Skeptic
-summary: "Amnon Rubinstein was a prominent Israeli legal scholar, politician, and television talk show host."
+  - Israel
+  - Knesset
+  - Shinui
+  - Meretz
+  - ConstitutionalLaw
+  - UriGeller
+  - TelAvivUniversity
+alias:
+  - Amnon Rubinstein
+  - Prof. Amnon Rubinstein
+  - Dr. Amnon Rubinstein
+  - Rubinstein
+summary: "Israeli law professor and Knesset member (1977 to 2001), founder of Shinui and minister of communications and of education, whom Uri Geller named as the confidant to whom he confessed faking a trick in 1970."
 born: 1931-09-05
 died: 2024-01-18
 location: "Tel Aviv, Israel"
+relations:
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Tel Aviv University]]"
+    start: 1961
+    end: 1975
+    role: "professor of law; dean of the Faculty of Law, 1968 to 1973"
+    fn: 2
+  - type: founded
+    with: "[[Shinui]]"
+    start: 1974
+    role: "founded the Shinui (Change) movement after the Yom Kippur War"
+    fn: 3
+  - type: member_of
+    with: "[[Knesset]]"
+    start: 1977
+    end: 2001
+    role: "Democratic Movement for Change (9th Knesset), Shinui (9th to 12th), Meretz (12th to 15th)"
+    fn: 2
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Government of Israel]]"
+    start: 1984
+    end: 1987-05-26
+    role: "Minister of Communication, 21st and 22nd governments"
+    fn: 2
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Government of Israel]]"
+    start: 1992
+    end: 1993-06-07
+    role: "Minister of Science and Technology until December 31, 1992, then Minister of Energy and Infrastructure, 25th government"
+    fn: 2
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Government of Israel]]"
+    start: 1994-05-30
+    role: "Minister of Education, Culture and Sport, 25th and 26th governments"
+    fn: 2
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya]]"
+    role: "dean of the Radzyner School of Law, provost, and president for a year"
+    fn: 4
+created: 2026-05-15
+updated: 2026-10-05
 ---
-Amnon Rubinstein was a prominent [[Israel|Israeli]] legal scholar, politician, and television talk show host. Known as the founding father of Israeli constitutional law, he served in various ministerial roles, including Minister of Communications, Minister of Science and Technology and Space, and Minister of Energy and Infrastructure[^1].

-Rubinstein became a notable supporter of [[Uri Geller]]'s [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] and [[Psychokinesis|PK]] abilities since 1969. He first encountered Geller at a party, where Geller allegedly demonstrated a remarkable ability to influence Rubinstein's thoughts, making him choose a specific number that Geller had already written down. Rubinstein, initially skeptical, was astonished by this demonstration[^1].
+Amnon Rubinstein was born in [[Tel Aviv]] on September 5, 1931 and died there on January 18, 2024. He served as an officer in the [[Israel Defense Forces]], studied economics, international relations and law at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], was called to the Israel bar in 1963, and received a doctorate in law from the [[London School of Economics]] in 1966.[^1][^2]

-He conducted numerous informal tests with Geller in his own home, where Geller consistently demonstrated the ability to "plant a thought right in our mind," such as writing down a number or a capital city that Rubinstein or his family would then choose. Rubinstein considered this ability far more significant than spoon bending, stating, "This is a single phenomenon that casts doubt on many of the foundations of our rational world." He remained a staunch defender of Geller's powers against critics[^1].
+### Academic and journalistic career

-Rubinstein advised Geller to go to America to be tested at a serious research institute like [[Stanford Research Institute|Stanford]], which ultimately led to Geller's testing by the CIA[^1].
+Rubinstein was professor of law at [[Tel Aviv University]] from 1961 to 1975 and dean of its law faculty from 1968 to 1973; the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC) tribute of June 1, 2009 says he "laid the foundations of the faculty" as dean.[^1][^3] During the same period he wrote for *[[Haaretz]]* and held debates on Israeli television "during its first years."[^3] His curriculum vitae lists him later as political commentator for *Haaretz* and *[[Maariv]]*, and as the author of *Jurisdiction and Illegality* (Clarendon Press, Oxford), *Israel's Constitutional Law* (Hebrew, 6th edition, Schocken, 2005), *The Zionist Dream Revisited* (Schocken, New York, 1984) and *From Herzl to Rabin* (Holmes and Meier, 2000).[^2]
+
+### Uri Geller, 1969 to 1970
+
+[[Annie Jacobsen]] reports that Rubinstein became a supporter of [[Uri Geller]]'s extrasensory perception and psychokinesis from 1969, after meeting Geller at a party where Geller appeared to influence Rubinstein's thoughts, making him choose a number that Geller had already written down; that Rubinstein, "initially skeptical," was astonished; that Geller repeatedly "planted a thought right in our mind," such as a number or a capital city chosen by Rubinstein or his family, during informal tests at Rubinstein's home; that Rubinstein regarded this as more significant than spoon bending ("This is a single phenomenon that casts doubt on many of the foundations of our rational world"); and that he remained a defender of Geller against critics. Jacobsen further reports that Rubinstein advised Geller to go to the United States to be tested at a serious research institute such as [[Stanford Research Institute]], which led to Geller's testing by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]].[^5]
+
+Geller gives a different account on his own website. He writes that in 1970 a promoter at the Beit Hachayal auditorium in Tel Aviv asked him to fake a "clairvoyant" reveal of a car license plate number for a guest the promoter wished to impress, that he did so for "four or five performances," and that he then "confessed what I had done against my better judgment to a trusted and respected friend, Dr Amnon Rubinstein, who was then the dean of the Law School" (Geller places the school at the Hebrew University). Geller writes: "Amnon was horrified, and made me promise never to cheapen my talents again," and that Rubinstein told him he "should be co-operating with scientists and trying to find out" more about how the mind works.[^6]
+
+### Political career
+
+After the Yom Kippur War of 1973, according to the Jewish Virtual Library, Rubinstein concluded that he "could not rest only on his academic and journalistic laurels" and founded Shinui in 1974, a movement for free enterprise, electoral reform and a written constitution. It ran in the 1977 elections as part of the Democratic Movement for Change and became an independent Knesset faction in 1978, which Rubinstein chaired; in 1992 Shinui merged with Ratz and Mapam in [[Meretz]].[^3][^7] His curriculum vitae gives his Knesset service as 1977 to 2001 (the IDC tribute says 25 years), as a member of the Democratic Movement for Change in the Ninth Knesset, of Shinui in the Ninth to Twelfth and of Meretz in the Twelfth to Fifteenth.[^2][^3]
+
+His curriculum vitae lists these government posts: Minister of Communication in the 21st government (1984 to 1985) and the 22nd government (until May 26, 1987); in the 25th government Minister of Science and Technology until December 31, 1992, Minister of Energy and Infrastructure until June 7, 1993, and from May 30, 1994 Minister of Education, Culture and Sport, a post he also held in the 26th government. His committee posts included chairman of the Economics Committee (Fourteenth Knesset) and chairman of both the State Control Committee and the Constitution, Law and Justice Committee (Fifteenth).[^2] The IDC tribute credits him with passing the two Basic Laws on human rights and liberty and on free enterprise, and with opening academia to the public through colleges as education minister.[^3]
+
+### Later positions and honors
+
+After leaving the Knesset he was dean of the Radzyner School of Law at [[Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya]], then provost and, for a year, president. He was a board member and vice president of [[Liberal International]] and a member of the Israeli delegation to the [[Council of Europe]]'s [[Venice Commission]]. He received the [[Israel Prize]] in 2006, when the judges described him as the "father of constitutional law in Israel."[^3][^4]

 ### Footnotes
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+
+[^1]: "Amnon Rubinstein," Jewish Virtual Library, https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/amnon-rubinstein (education, bar admission 1963, doctorate 1966, professor 1961 to 1975, dean 1968 to 1973).
+[^2]: Rubinstein, Amnon. Curriculum Vitae, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, https://runi.ac.il/media/te4psgeq/profilecv-he-il.pdf (born 05/09/1931 in Tel Aviv; Knesset membership; government roles and dates; publications).
+[^3]: "The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya Pays Tribute to Amnon Rubinstein," Honorary Fellow citation signed by Prof. Uriel Reichman, June 1, 2009, https://runi.ac.il/media/fpvpfvlt/amnon-rubinstein.pdf
+[^4]: "Amnon Rubinstein," Jewish Virtual Library, https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/amnon-rubinstein (Israel Prize 2006, Liberal International, Venice Commission, death on January 18, 2024); "In Memoriam: LI Patron Professor Amnon Rubinstein," Liberal International, https://liberal-international.org/news-articles/in-memoriam-li-patron-professor-amnon-rubinstein/
+[^5]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017. Sole source for the passages so cited.
+[^6]: Geller, Uri. "Straightening the Record," https://urigeller.com/the-geller-effect/straightening-the-record/ (Geller's own account; sole source for the passages so cited).
+[^7]: "Amnon Rubinstein," Jewish Virtual Library, https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/amnon-rubinstein (Shinui founded 1974, Democratic Movement for Change 1977, independent faction 1978, Meretz merger 1992).
--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Bill
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Bill
@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ Bill Ray was one of the five remote viewers from [[United States Army Intelligen

 ### The Documents

-"CPT William G. Ray, presently G-2, 11th Signal Bde, Ft Huachuca, AZ, and currently on orders for assignment to HQ INSCOM, Ft Meade, effective 1 January 1984," was listed for [[Center Lane]]'s personnel spaces on August 2, 1983. On May 17, 1984, the project office recorded that "William G. Ray of this office reported that Congressman [[Charlie Rose|Rose]] had called Ingo Swann at SRI-I New York, 16 May 1984," and that Rose had told Swann that Dale Van Atta, "associate of [[Jack Anderson]]," had said "that although they had recently been under the influence of McRae, that this is no longer the case," and that "there would be a series of articles" in "a favorable vain, i.e., 'Why hasn't more been done?'" By December 10, 1985, he signed a memorandum on a telephone conversation with [[Hal Puthoff]] as "MAJ, MI, Ch, SSPD."[^900]
+"CPT William G. Ray, presently G-2, 11th Signal Bde, Ft Huachuca, AZ, and currently on orders for assignment to HQ INSCOM, Ft Meade, effective 1 January 1984," was listed for [[Center Lane]]'s personnel spaces on August 2, 1983. On May 17, 1984, the project office recorded that "William G. Ray of this office reported that Congressman [[Charlie Rose|Rose]] had called Ingo Swann at SRI-I New York, 16 May 1984," and that Rose had told Swann that Dale Van Atta, "associate of [[Jack Anderson]]," had said "that although they had recently been under the influence of McRae, that this is no longer the case," and that "there would be a series of articles" in "a favorable vain, i.e., 'Why hasn't more been done?'" By December 10, 1985, he signed a memorandum on a telephone conversation with [[Hal Puthoff]] as "MAJ, MI, Ch, SSPD."[^2]

 ### Footnotes
+
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
-[^900]: "Center Lane Personnel Spaces," August 2, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700300001-1; "Recent Jack Anderson 'Grill Flame' Articles," May 17, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200030001-6; "Conversation via Telephone with Puthoff," December 10, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700030002-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: "Center Lane Personnel Spaces," August 2, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700300001-1; "Recent Jack Anderson 'Grill Flame' Articles," May 17, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200030001-6; "Conversation via Telephone with Puthoff," December 10, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700030002-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Garrison
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Garrison
@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ Garrison Rapmund was a Major General and the Assistant Surgeon General of the [[

 His intention was to emphasize testing the physiology of the viewers. However, after several rounds of negotiations, the Office of the Surgeon General ultimately declined to take over the program[^1].

-On August 27, 1981, "at DIA, Pomponio Plaza," Rapmund, then "BG(P), CDR, USAMRDC, Ft Detrick," met [[Jack Vorona]] "to discuss the issue of human use and the need for a DoD research and development effort in the GRILL FLAME area"; he "stated that as long as the Perry letter... remained as DoD policy, R&D funds could not be spent in the field of parapsychology. However, in his opinion there was a need to begin a serious effort in this field." Vorona told the Center Lane office on August 31, 1984, that he and "MG Rapmund of the Army Medical R&D Command" had signed a memorandum of understanding under which Rapmund "will provide one million dollars during FY85, two million during FY86, and four million during FY87."[^900]
+On August 27, 1981, "at DIA, Pomponio Plaza," Rapmund, then "BG(P), CDR, USAMRDC, Ft Detrick," met [[Jack Vorona]] "to discuss the issue of human use and the need for a DoD research and development effort in the GRILL FLAME area"; he "stated that as long as the Perry letter... remained as DoD policy, R&D funds could not be spent in the field of parapsychology. However, in his opinion there was a need to begin a serious effort in this field." Vorona told the Center Lane office on August 31, 1984, that he and "MG Rapmund of the Army Medical R&D Command" had signed a memorandum of understanding under which Rapmund "will provide one million dollars during FY85, two million during FY86, and four million during FY87."[^2]

 ### Footnotes
+
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
-[^900]: "Project Contacts," August 1, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190048-5; "Key Players," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200270002-9; "Scientific Oversight Committee," CIA-RDP96-00789R003200130001-2; bibliography citing Vorona's testimony to the House Appropriations Committee defense subcommittee of April 12, 1983, in "RV Reliability Enhancement and Evaluation," 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001800150001-7; "OACSI Meeting About Grill Flame," April 13, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200060003-1; "Recent Actions Concerning Project Grill Flame," February 21, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100350001-2; "Center Lane Briefing 3-7 October 1983," CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270013-2; "Discussion with Dr. Jack Vorona," August 31, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001500090055-8; "Meeting With Dr. Vorona, 11 March 1985," CIA-RDP96-00788R001700290007-7; "Sun Streak Oversight Panel, Minutes of First Meeting," January 1986, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100200001-6; "Special Intelligence Support Relating to the Kidnapping of BG Dozier," December 22, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00789R002600180016-8; "Grill Flame Briefing for Director, NSA," June and July 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700230004-6; May, Edwin C., memorandum "Contacts," February 23, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190073-7; Jachim, R. J., "Meeting Between BG Rapmund and Dr. Jack Vorona," September 1, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440071-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: "Project Contacts," August 1, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190048-5; "Key Players," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200270002-9; "Scientific Oversight Committee," CIA-RDP96-00789R003200130001-2; bibliography citing Vorona's testimony to the House Appropriations Committee defense subcommittee of April 12, 1983, in "RV Reliability Enhancement and Evaluation," 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001800150001-7; "OACSI Meeting About Grill Flame," April 13, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200060003-1; "Recent Actions Concerning Project Grill Flame," February 21, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100350001-2; "Center Lane Briefing 3-7 October 1983," CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270013-2; "Discussion with Dr. Jack Vorona," August 31, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001500090055-8; "Meeting With Dr. Vorona, 11 March 1985," CIA-RDP96-00788R001700290007-7; "Sun Streak Oversight Panel, Minutes of First Meeting," January 1986, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100200001-6; "Special Intelligence Support Relating to the Kidnapping of BG Dozier," December 22, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00789R002600180016-8; "Grill Flame Briefing for Director, NSA," June and July 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700230004-6; May, Edwin C., memorandum "Contacts," February 23, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190073-7; Jachim, R. J., "Meeting Between BG Rapmund and Dr. Jack Vorona," September 1, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440071-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Genady
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Genady
@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ During the experiment, Sergeyev monitored Kulagina's physiological responses, wh

 Sergeyev also oversaw an experiment where Kulagina attempted to increase the heart rate of a skeptical physician, which reportedly reached dangerous levels. While some U.S. analysts suspected these demonstrations were part of a Soviet disinformation campaign, others in the U.S. military, particularly the Medical Intelligence Office of the [[U.S. Army]], considered the potential military applications of such abilities to be highly significant[^1].

-A DIA briefing on "Soviet Activities in Psychoenergetics," given to the Air Force in July 1987, dated Sergeyev's work to 1965-1970 in "Vasil'yev's lab," under the headings "communication (EEG code)," "remote action" and "N. Kulagina."[^900]
+A DIA briefing on "Soviet Activities in Psychoenergetics," given to the Air Force in July 1987, dated Sergeyev's work to 1965-1970 in "Vasil'yev's lab," under the headings "communication (EEG code)," "remote action" and "N. Kulagina."[^2]

 ### Footnotes
+
 [^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
-[^900]: Henry E. Shinol, Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff, Studies and Analyses, Headquarters USAF, to the Defense Intelligence Agency, "Soviet Parapsychology Research Briefing," June 12, 1987, and cover note of July 14, 1987, with paper briefing slides "Soviet Activities in Psychoenergetics," CIA-RDP96-00789R002600320001-8 to -004-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: Henry E. Shinol, Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff, Studies and Analyses, Headquarters USAF, to the Defense Intelligence Agency, "Soviet Parapsychology Research Briefing," June 12, 1987, and cover note of July 14, 1987, with paper briefing slides "Soviet Activities in Psychoenergetics," CIA-RDP96-00789R002600320001-8 to -004-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/George
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/George
@ -17,9 +17,8 @@ Otis authored or co-authored a dozen books, including his autobiography, "High A

 Otis was born in Payne, Ohio, and was an adventure-seeker from a young age. He took business classes at Earlham College and founded several electronics-related companies and later was general chairman of [[LearJet]]. 

-Otis was deeply involved in the Charismatic revival in the [[United States]], and he and [[Harold Bredesen]] were considered "Holy Spirit fathers" by [[Pat Boone]].[^2]
+Otis was deeply involved in the Charismatic revival in the [[United States]], and he and [[Harold Bredesen]] were considered "Holy Spirit fathers" by [[Pat Boone]].[^1]
 ### Footnotes

-  [^1]: Seymour, Cheri. The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro’s Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.
-  [^2]: "George K. Otis, Sr. Another Christian General Goes Home." Obituary. The Last Circle (provided text).I have updated the page for George Otis. I
-  will now check for an existing page for "Nita Scoggan".
+[^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro's Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal.* TrineDay, 2010.
+[^2]: "Christian Radio Pioneer George Otis Sr. Dies," *Charisma News,* July 24, 2007, https://mycharisma.com/?p=338046; Bob Slosser, *Reagan Inside Out* (Word Books, 1984), excerpt "The Prophecy," CBN, https://cbn.com/article/relationships/prophecy.
--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ingo
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ingo
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ SRI's SCANATE report records that "as a result of the experimentation carried ou

 At [[Maimonides Medical Center]], in an experiment reported to the American Physical Society in February 1976, [[Edwin May]] and [[Charles Honorton]] had him attempt to influence a noise-driven binary random generator: 29 runs gave a mean of 493 against 500 expected (p = 0.011), improving as he was moved twelve feet away behind "two double steel walls," while a control run after he left gave 499.7. "We conclude that Mr. Swann was successful in exerting a psychokinetic influence on the instrument." The SRI final report's instrumented magnetometer series of 1974 and 1975, thirteen ten-trial runs on a Develco gradiometer at four metres giving p = 0.004, was run with subject S1, the code that matches Pat Price's sessions, not S3; the "early research (1972)" perturbation "of a Josephson effect magnetometer" is described there as a pilot study of "a few hours" that "prevented a proper investigation." He visited the [[Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity]] on October 17, 1978, and was still reporting to Puthoff as a consultant in April 1984.[^2]

-The report of the Army's [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]] of December 1979 recorded that "in July 1978, DIA sponsored a series of four unique experiments" in which "the DIA Project Officer had prepared three sets of Soviet/Bloc target coordinates, and one US control set," and that "Swann provided a 'moderate to high', lengthy description of the last target, a Soviet strategic missile field east of Moscow... Swann passed through a silo cover, 'traveling' down until reaching a connecting tunnel. Going through this passageway he entered a command and control room. One comment, among many, stands out: 'The floors are paved in "white tiles".'" The same report put SRI's experiments with him at "7000+," "only a fraction" of them published.[^900]
+The report of the Army's [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]] of December 1979 recorded that "in July 1978, DIA sponsored a series of four unique experiments" in which "the DIA Project Officer had prepared three sets of Soviet/Bloc target coordinates, and one US control set," and that "Swann provided a 'moderate to high', lengthy description of the last target, a Soviet strategic missile field east of Moscow... Swann passed through a silo cover, 'traveling' down until reaching a connecting tunnel. Going through this passageway he entered a command and control room. One comment, among many, stands out: 'The floors are paved in "white tiles".'" The same report put SRI's experiments with him at "7000+," "only a fraction" of them published.[^3]

 ### Training the Army Program

@ -68,4 +68,4 @@ Swann maintained an active painting career throughout his life, exhibiting abstr

 [^1]: Stanford Research Institute, "Project SCANATE, Exploratory Research in Remote Viewing," 1973, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100480002-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* final report, part two, research report, December 1, 1975, SRI Project 3183, 153 pp., CIA-RDP96-00791R000100410001-2. The report codes its subjects; S3 and S1 are identified as Swann and Price by matching their responses to the named sessions in the SCANATE report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
 [^2]: May, Edwin C., and Charles Honorton. "A Dynamic PK Experiment with Ingo Swann," Maimonides Medical Center, abstract for the American Physical Society meeting of February 1976, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200130005-3. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* final report, part one, executive summary, SRI Project 3183, covering January 1974 to February 1975, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100420001-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* final report, part two, research report, December 1, 1975, SRI Project 3183, 153 pp., CIA-RDP96-00791R000100410001-2. The report codes its subjects; S3 and S1 are identified as Swann and Price by matching their responses to the named sessions in the SCANATE report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Visit of Ingo Swann to AMSAA, 17 October 1978," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200240010-3, and "Memo to Dr. H.E. Puthoff from I. Swann, Consultant, Subject: Work Report," April 15, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00792R000100140033-6, titles only.
-[^900]: *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/James
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/James
@ -1,36 +1,106 @@
 ---
+created: 2026-05-15
+updated: 2026-10-05
+title: James Randi
 aliases:
  - James Randi
  - The Amazing Randi
+  - Amazing Randi
+  - Randy
+  - Randall James Hamilton Zwinge
+  - Randall Zwinge
+  - Zwinge
+  - Randi
 category: "Skeptics & Critics"
 tags:
  - Person
  - Skeptic
  - Magician
-summary: "James Randi (1928–2020), known as 'The Amazing Randi,' was a Canadian-American stage magician, escape artist, and a prominent scientific skeptic."
+  - CSICOP
+  - UriGeller
+  - ProjectAlpha
+  - McDonnellLaboratory
+  - MacArthurFellow
+  - Debunker
+summary: "Canadian-American stage magician who campaigned against Uri Geller, co-founded CSICOP, ran Project Alpha against the McDonnell Laboratory (1979 to 1983), received a MacArthur fellowship in 1986 and left CSICOP in 1991 amid Geller's lawsuits."
 born: 1928-08-07
 died: 2020-10-20
 location: "Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
-updated: 2026-09-22
+relations:
+  - type: member_of
+    with: "[[Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal]]"
+    start: 1976-05-01
+    end: 1991-05
+    role: "signer of the founding call of 1976 and Executive Council member; resigned by a letter of May 11, 1991 because the committee was named in Geller's suits; wrote in 1995 that CSICOP 'essentially forced me to resign'"
+    fn: 7
+  - type: investigated
+    with: "[[McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research]]"
+    start: 1979
+    end: 1983-01-28
+    role: "placed Steven Shaw and Michael Edwards as subjects (Project Alpha); revealed the arrangement at a press conference on January 28, 1983"
+    fn: 8
+  - type: funded
+    with: "[[MacArthur Foundation]]"
+    reverse: true
+    start: 1986
+    role: "MacArthur fellowship of $272,000, class of 1986"
+    fn: 10
+  - type: subject_of
+    with: "[[Uri Geller]]"
+    start: 1991
+    end: 1995
+    role: "defendant with CSICOP in suits Geller filed from 1991; the courts ruled for the skeptics and ordered Geller to pay sanctions"
+    fn: 12
 ---

-James Randi (1928–2020), known as "The Amazing Randi," was a Canadian-American stage magician, escape artist, and a prominent scientific skeptic. He dedicated much of his life to investigating and debunking paranormal and pseudoscientific claims, often challenging individuals who claimed to possess supernatural abilities[^1].
+James Randi (born Randall James Hamilton Zwinge in Toronto on August 7, 1928; died October 20, 2020) was a stage magician and escape artist who became known as "The Amazing Randi." At twelve he was allowed to study independently outside the classroom and watched [[Harry Blackstone Sr.]] levitate a woman in a Toronto theater; at seventeen he joined a traveling carnival, and he has said he saw little point in finishing school. In 1995 *Scientific American* gave his count of television appearances as "more than 30 on the Tonight Show" and his main income as lecturing.[^1]

-Randi became a vocal critic of [[Uri Geller]], stating, "Geller brings disgrace to the craft I practice... Worse than that, he warps the thinking of a young generation of forming minds. And that is unforgivable." He spent two years writing a 308-page exposé of Geller, arguing that Geller's actions had "done more to destroy what authority [[Andrija Puharich]] once held in the scientific community"[^1]. Randi speculated that Geller's assistant, [[Shimshon Shtrang]], helped him cheat, leading the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] to deny Shtrang access to Geller during experiments[^1].
+### Uri Geller, 1973 to 1982

-Along with [[Martin Gardner]] and [[Ray Hyman]], Randi helped found the [[Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal]] (CSICOP) to promote scientific inquiry and combat pseudoscience[^1].
+Randi was present when [[Uri Geller]] performed at the New York offices of *[[Time]]*, a visit *Time* placed in the month before its issue of March 12, 1973 and *New Scientist* placed in March 1973. *Time* reported that after Geller left, Randi "duplicated each of his feats, explaining that any magician could perform them," and that the fork bending was sleight of hand.[^2] *New Scientist* of October 17, 1974 recorded that Randi and the picture editor of *Popular Photography*, Charles Reynolds, both said they saw Geller bend a key in his hand after asking for a beer can opener to divert attention, and that Randi had said stagehands told him that Geller specified a box of ten-penny nails for the Mike Douglas show and asked them to wrap some in a bundle an hour before airtime. Geller was asked about Randi's statement on the television program *Mid-Day Five* on May 3, 1974.[^3]

-In January 1983, Randi orchestrated a hoax against the McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research at Washington University, sending two young magicians, Steven Shaw and Michael Edwards, to pretend to be psychics. They used sleight of hand to simulate [[Psychokinesis|psychokinetic]] feats like spoon bending. Randi later held a press conference to expose the hoax, generating significant negative press for the parapsychology community[^1].
+*The Magic of Uri Geller* appeared in 1975. A fact sheet in the CIA's STARGATE files, unsigned and with no author or sponsor stated, answers the book point by point. It states that Randi's letter offering his services to [[Stanford Research Institute]] was dated September 6, 1973, "months after completion of the SRI work with Geller"; that [[Shimshon Shtrang]] ("Shipi Strang" in the book) and no other potential confederate was permitted in the target area; that the SRI team included an amateur magician of over twenty years' experience and that [[Milbourne Christopher]] had been brought in to critique film and videotape; and that Randi's quotations from [[Edgar Mitchell]] concerned a period before the experiments reported in *Nature*.[^4] [[Annie Jacobsen]] wrote that Randi spent two years writing a 308-page exposé of Geller, quoted him as saying "Geller brings disgrace to the craft I practice... Worse than that, he warps the thinking of a young generation of forming minds. And that is unforgivable," and wrote that Randi speculated Shtrang helped Geller cheat, leading the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] to deny Shtrang access to Geller during experiments.[^5]

-Randi's actions, while aimed at exposing fraud, sometimes led to controversy. He was involved in libel cases brought by Uri Geller, and his campaign against Geller ultimately cost him his position on CSICOP[^1].
+The Army's [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]] recorded in 1979 that [[Robert Lucky]] of Bell Labs "once proposed to Targ and Puthoff that they allow a 'debugger' like Randy the Magician to watch an SRI RV session. They refused on the grounds that no one believes them anyhow, and did not feel that permitting an extremely vocal critic to intrude into their lives/work would accomplish anything."[^6]

-In 2011, Randi was involved in a scandal when it was revealed that his Carlos-the-channeler hoax, which involved a young man named Jose Alvarez (Deyvi Orangel Peña Arteaga) pretending to be a channeler, constituted a federal crime due to identity theft and false statements on a passport application. Despite this, Randi continued to maintain his stance against the paranormal[^1].
+### CSICOP

-### Publications
-*   *The Magic of Uri Geller* (1975)
+[[Paul Kurtz]] recorded that the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal was established at a conference at the State University of New York at Buffalo on April 30 and May 1, 1976, and that the call announcing it was signed by, among others, [[George Abell]], [[Isaac Asimov]], [[Antony Flew]], [[Martin Gardner]], [[Sidney Hook]], [[Philip Klass]], [[Ernest Nagel]], [[W. V. Quine]], [[B. F. Skinner]], [[Marcello Truzzi]] and Randi. Jacobsen wrote that Randi, Gardner and [[Ray Hyman]] helped found it.[^7][^5] In 1996 Kurtz listed Gardner and Randi among Executive Council members "fearlessly debunking the various forms of nonsense offered as gospel truth on the popular scene," and named among efforts to destroy the committee "efforts by Uri Geller, Eldon Byrd, and others to embroil CSICOP and Randi in protracted and costly legal suits."[^7]

-The Army's [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]] recorded in 1979 that [[Robert Lucky]] of Bell Labs "once proposed to Targ and Puthoff that they allow a 'debugger' like Randy the Magician to watch an SRI RV session. They refused on the grounds that no one believes them anyhow, and did not feel that permitting an extremely vocal critic to intrude into their lives/work would accomplish anything."[^900]
+### Project Alpha, 1979 to 1983
+
+Randi's account, published in the *[[Skeptical Inquirer]]* in the summer and fall of 1983, is that when [[James S. McDonnell]], board chairman of [[McDonnell Douglas|McDonnell-Douglas Aircraft]], gave a $500,000 grant in 1979 to [[Washington University]] in St. Louis for the [[McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research]], he saw an opportunity for an experiment "contemplated for some time," coded "Project Alpha." The laboratory's director was the physicist [[Peter R. Phillips]]. Randi asked two young conjurors who had written to him, [[Steven Shaw]] ("Banachek," then 18, of Washington, Pennsylvania) and [[Michael Edwards]] (17, of Marion, Iowa), to write to the laboratory claiming psychic powers; the laboratory had considered some 300 applicants and chose only the two. Before the boys were tested he sent Phillips eleven "caveats" and offered to attend sessions at his own expense, and he continued to write offering to attend "all through the three-year period." Jacobsen counted twenty-two such letters, and wrote that Phillips dismissed the pair at one point and rehired them months later.[^8][^5]
+
+Randi wrote that he "leaked" hints of the project at a magicians' conference in Pittsburgh in July 1981, and that at the [[Parapsychological Association]] meeting in Syracuse that August Phillips showed a Randi-prepared videotape of fake metal bending alongside the laboratory's own tape of the two subjects, after Phillips had asked him for a tape; Randi supplied an analysis pointing out "positively unmistakable evidence of deception" on the laboratory's film. He wrote that he told the boys afterward that Alpha was "probably about to end," that the laboratory then tightened its protocol, and that Banachek and Edwards went on to be tested or entertained by other investigators, among them the psychiatrist [[Berthold Schwarz]] and Professor [[Walter Uphoff]], whose meeting in Madison, Wisconsin Randi attended in disguise as "Adam Jersin" while [[BBC]] producer Tony Edwards used a Randi-designed protocol that, Randi wrote, produced "zero mental-bending."[^8]
+
+At a press conference in New York on January 28, 1983, held with *[[Discover]]* magazine, which published the account in its March issue, Randi announced that Shaw and Edwards were conjurors who had conspired with him, and that they had agreed to answer any direct question about trickery with "Yes, and we were sent here by James Randi," but were never asked. He warned that a "Project Beta" was underway. His television special "Magic or Mystery?" was scheduled for February 8. The *Skeptical Inquirer* put the project on the cover of its Summer 1983 issue, and the matter was presented at CSICOP's conference in October 1983.[^9]
+
+[[Marcello Truzzi]] recorded the replies. Washington University's spokesman said the laboratory had never endorsed the boys' abilities and cited a statement of September 1981 that nothing they had done could not be done by normal means. Phillips said there were "ethical issues involved." Truzzi wrote that Randi had given Phillips a "Straight Spoon Award" on April 1, 1982, less than a year before the announcement, for redesigning his procedures; that Randi's April 1, 1983 "Uri Award" for a fictitious "Archaeus Project" grant followed a prank notice written by Dennis Stillings, whom Truzzi named among Randi's foes; that the laboratory's funding was $500,000 over five years; and that Shaw had posed as a psychic since 1977, before meeting Randi, according to articles of 1977 and 1979. Truzzi also wrote that he learned of Alpha in late July 1981 from another conjuror, that Randi "initially flatly denied the existence of the project," and that Randi's reply to Truzzi's invitation to correct factual errors in the draft was "an angry and vituperative letter." [[Martin Gardner]] wrote of Alpha as a "landmark in the history of PK research," and, later, in Truzzi's quotation, as a case of "entrapment."[^9]
+
+Jacobsen wrote that after the hoax Randi held a press conference and that Shaw "famously" stepped up to the microphone and said "I cheat."[^5]
+
+### Lawsuits, resignation and the MacArthur fellowship
+
+The [[MacArthur Foundation]] listed Randi in its 1986 class as an educator in communications and journalism, residing in Fort Lauderdale, with the description "an investigator of the paranormal."[^10] A news item of 1987 gave the grant as $272,000 and quoted him that the foundation "reached very far out, perhaps dangerously so," and that he intended to add a full-time researcher and a college scholarship for training "debunkers."[^11] *Scientific American* credited him with exposing the faith healer [[Peter Popoff]] in 1986 by intercepting radio transmissions from Popoff's wife, and with taking the tape to [[Johnny Carson]], after the California Attorney General's office declined to act.[^1]
+
+In a letter of May 11, 1991 to supporters, Randi wrote that Geller "has announced that he intends to sue me 'in every state and in every country,'" that Geller then had "four lawsuits against me, two of which I have won (at a cost of over $155,000 in legal fees)," and that "I have resigned from the Committee for Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal, since the Committee is always named in the suits, and in order that CSICOP will be spared further involvement."[^12] The suit concerned remarks Randi made to a reporter that Geller "fooled some scientists" and that his tricks were of the kind printed on cereal boxes. The court first ruled in favor of CSICOP on July 27, 1993, and Geller was ordered to pay up to $120,000, a first installment of $40,000 being reported in the *Skeptical Inquirer* of May and June 1995.[^13] *Scientific American* gave the sanctions as $150,000 and said CSICOP announced a settlement in March for somewhat less than that amount.[^1] In July 1995 *Scientific American* quoted Randi: "These lawsuits from psychics have wiped me out financially," including the $272,000 MacArthur fellowship; "They got wimpy on me," he said of CSICOP; "They essentially forced me to resign. They were afraid of my continuing to make statements about Geller." He said he was unsure whether he wanted to rejoin.[^1] Jacobsen wrote that Randi's campaign against Geller ultimately cost him his position on CSICOP and that Geller's libel suits were brought against him.[^5]
+
+### Later episodes
+
+In 2011, according to Jacobsen, it was revealed that Randi's "Carlos" channeler hoax involved a young man, Jose Alvarez (Deyvi Orangel Peña Arteaga), who had used another man's identity on a passport application, and Jacobsen described this as a federal crime, adding that Randi continued to maintain his stance against the paranormal.[^5]

 ### Footnotes
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
-[^900]: *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. The name is spelled "Randy" in the report.
+
+[^1]: "Profile: James Randi: A Skeptically Inquiring Mind," *Scientific American,* July 1995, pp. 34-35, in "Stargate Misc. Doc's and Memos," CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190022-3. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: "The Magician and the Think Tank," *Time,* March 12, 1973, p. 112, CIA-RDP96-00787R000400100023-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: Hanlon, Joseph, "Uri Geller and science," *New Scientist,* vol. 64, no. 919, October 17, 1974, CIA-RDP96-00787R000700110020-3. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^4]: "The Magic of Uri Geller by James Randi: Fact Sheet correcting errors with regard to SRI work with Geller," unsigned, undated, CIA-RDP96-00787R000500240021-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^5]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+[^6]: *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. The name is spelled "Randy" in the report.
+[^7]: Kurtz, Paul, "CSICOP at Twenty," *Skeptical Inquirer,* July/August 1996, pp. 5-8, https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/1996/07/22165034/p05.pdf
+[^8]: Randi, James, "The Project Alpha Experiment: Part 1. The First Two Years," *Skeptical Inquirer,* Summer 1983, and "Part 2. Beyond the Laboratory," Fall 1983, https://archive.org/details/JamesRandiTheProjectAlpha
+[^9]: Truzzi, Marcello, "Reflections on 'Project Alpha': Scientific Experiment or Conjuror's Illusion?," *Zetetic Scholar,* nos. 12 and 13, August 1987, "The Revelation of Project Alpha," https://archive.org/details/alpha-project-zetetic-scholar-nos-12-13 Sections cited: "Project Alpha's success was soon questioned," "Randi's Minnows," and "Epilogue: On Alpha and Me."
+[^10]: MacArthur Foundation, Fellows, class of 1986, James Randi, https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class-of-1986/james-randi
+[^11]: "Randi: amazing good fortune," *New Zealand Skeptics,* May 1, 1987, https://articles.skeptics.nz/1987/05/01/randi-amazing-good-fortune
+[^12]: Randi, James, letter of May 11, 1991, "Randi Needs Help," *New Zealand Skeptics,* August 1, 1991, https://articles.skeptics.nz/1991/08/01/randi-needs-help
+[^13]: McShane, Owen, "Justice Lives," *New Zealand Skeptics,* August 1, 1995, reporting *Skeptical Inquirer,* May/June 1995, https://articles.skeptics.nz/1995/08/01/justice-lives
--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Laurance
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Laurance
@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ Rockefeller's letter of April 26, 1994 reports that his group had gone to [[Corn

 On June 1, 1994 Rockefeller wrote that "it was Mel Laird who suggested that you should be the logical point of contact and coordination with the federal government," asked whether there were developments in the survey of information among federal agencies on Roswell that Gibbons had suggested, attached a letter from Laird, and mentioned "preliminary talks with those who might be interested in bringing about a United Nations Conference on extraterrestrial intelligence."[^34] Laird's letter, dated May 9, 1994 and replying to one from Rockefeller of April 25, stated that "you are proceeding properly by going through the President's Science Advisor," and that "any review will certainly disappoint some individuals who have built up some rather extreme antidotal and uncollaborated accounts."[^34] On July 27, 1994 Anne Bartley wrote to Gibbons about "follow-up on our meeting with Laurance S. Rockefeller and his associates," recalling that Gibbons had suggested "an informal inquiry into the availability of information within federal agencies about the 1947 Roswell, [[New Mexico]], event," asking about "prospects for a relaxation of the classification system," and stating that Rockefeller "has begun to wonder whether a U.N. Conference would be useful."[^35]

-On August 11, 1994 Jones wrote to Gibbons that [[Edgar Mitchell]], founder of the [[Institute of Noetic Sciences]], on whose board Pell sat, would be glad to meet Gibbons "in the area that Laurance, you and I have been discussing," and that Gibbons "may want to talk to [[R. James Woolsey|James Woolsey]] about what you are doing." The next lines, partly cut off in the scan, say that Woolsey "has a document search project under way" and "has not discovered anything of significance," and Jones adds: "If I had the responsibility to run a super safe black program on this subject, I would take it completely out of the government's" bureaucracy "and run it from the private sector, probably somewhere within" the aerospace community "or perhaps [[General Motors]]."[^36] On September 5, 1994 Rockefeller thanked Gibbons for a note that he had received a report from the Air Force; after the Air Force released the results of its Roswell investigation (in July 1994 in the General Accounting Office's account, and publicly available in September in Gibbons's)[^19][^37] he wrote on December 9 thanking Gibbons for "your initiative in stimulating the recent Air Force Review of the Roswell incident," adding that "we are continuing our citizens' reconnaissance of the extraterrestrial intelligence phenomenon."[^38] On February 9, 1995 Jones wrote that "there is some shadowy evidence that the administration is in the process of modifying the government's policy concerning secrecy and denial about UFO phenomena," that "Laurance mentioned that he was also considering a public relations approach" and that "he can afford a rather aggressive and expensive effort implementing that strategy, e.g., full page ads in major newspapers," and that after Rockefeller's last meeting with Gibbons "we are not going to get feedback from our attempts to get the [[White House]] to open the books on this subject."[^39] On April 11, 1995 Rockefeller wrote that he had reviewed the draft executive order revising national classification policy and that "my concern with government information involving extraterrestrial intelligence was stimulated by the widespread public belief that the government was withholding information about UFO incidents."[^40]
+On August 11, 1994 Jones wrote to Gibbons that [[Edgar Mitchell]], founder of the [[Institute of Noetic Sciences]], on whose board Pell sat, would be glad to meet Gibbons "in the area that Laurance, you and I have been discussing," and that Gibbons "may want to talk to [[R. James Woolsey|James Woolsey]] about what you are doing." The next lines say that Woolsey "has a document search project under way" and "has not discovered anything of significance," and Jones adds: "If I had the responsibility to run a super safe black program on this subject, I would take it completely out of the government's" bureaucracy "and run it from the private sector, probably somewhere within" the aerospace community "or perhaps [[General Motors]]."[^36] On September 5, 1994 Rockefeller thanked Gibbons for a note that he had received a report from the Air Force; after the Air Force released the results of its Roswell investigation (in July 1994 in the General Accounting Office's account, and publicly available in September in Gibbons's)[^19][^37] he wrote on December 9 thanking Gibbons for "your initiative in stimulating the recent Air Force Review of the Roswell incident," adding that "we are continuing our citizens' reconnaissance of the extraterrestrial intelligence phenomenon."[^38] On February 9, 1995 Jones wrote that "there is some shadowy evidence that the administration is in the process of modifying the government's policy concerning secrecy and denial about UFO phenomena," that "Laurance mentioned that he was also considering a public relations approach" and that "he can afford a rather aggressive and expensive effort implementing that strategy, e.g., full page ads in major newspapers," and that after Rockefeller's last meeting with Gibbons "we are not going to get feedback from our attempts to get the [[White House]] to open the books on this subject."[^39] On April 11, 1995 Rockefeller wrote that he had reviewed the draft executive order revising national classification policy and that "my concern with government information involving extraterrestrial intelligence was stimulated by the widespread public belief that the government was withholding information about UFO incidents."[^40]

 On December 2, 1994 Jones sent Gibbons critiques of the Air Force Roswell report and told him that the Foundation's conference would invite President and Mrs. Clinton; on December 13, 1994 he sent Gibbons the manuscript of [[Whitley Strieber]]'s *Breakthrough* with a copy to Rockefeller. The White House declined for Mrs. Clinton on December 15, 1994 ([[Patti Solis]], scheduling director for the First Lady) and for the President on December 21, 1994 ([[William M. Webster IV]], director of scheduling and advance).[^41] The Clinton Library's collection 2008-1575-F holds the invitations and brochures; none are scanned.[^42]

--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Mike
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Mike
@ -1,16 +1,45 @@
 ---
-category: "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
+aliases:
+  - Mike Russo
+category: "Scientists & Researchers"
 tags:
  - Person
  - Pseudonym
-  - RemoteViewer
-summary: "Mike Russo is the pseudonym Jim Schnabel gave a Lawrence Livermore physicist who, with other Livermore personnel, experienced apparitions after the group's involvement with Uri Geller."
---
-Mike Russo is the pseudonym [[Jim Schnabel]] gave a physicist at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL) in *[[Remote Viewers]]* (1997).[^2] In Schnabel's account he and other Livermore personnel experienced a series of bizarre, hallucination-inducing phenomena after their involvement with [[Uri Geller]]. These apparitions included hovering, monochrome flying saucers and strange animals, such as large raven-like birds.[^1]
-
-Russo and others began to seriously question their sanity due to these experiences. He was part of the group that met with [[Kit Green]] of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] to discuss the unsettling events. Russo also complained about a telephone call from a strange metallic voice that demanded the Livermore group cease its research activities with Geller, after which the apparitions faded away.[^1]
-
+  - Physicist
+  - LawrenceLivermore
+  - UriGeller
+  - KitGreen
+summary: "Pseudonym used by Jim Schnabel in Remote Viewers (1997) for a Livermore physicist who, with his wife, saw a giant bird in their bedroom and later complained of a telephone call from a metallic voice."
+location: "Livermore, California"
+relations:
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]"
+    start: 1974
+    role: "physicist; pseudonym of an unnamed person in Schnabel (1997)"
+    fn: 2
+created: 2026-05-22
+updated: 2026-10-05
 ---

-[^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies*. Dell, 1997.
-[^2]: Havenstein, Rudy. "Dr. Green and the Goblins of Langley." Substack, July 11, 2025, https://rudy.substack.com/p/dr-green-and-the-goblins-of-langley, quoting *Grey Lodge Occult Review* 1, no. 5: "The names Richard Kennett, Peter Crane, Mike Russo and Don Kurtis which appear below are pseudonyms employed by Mr. Schnabel."
+Mike Russo is the name [[Jim Schnabel]] gave to a physicist at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL) in *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies* (1997). The *Grey Lodge Occult Review* stated that "the names Richard Kennett, Peter Crane, Mike Russo and Don Kurtis... are pseudonyms employed by Mr. Schnabel."[^1]
+
+### Apparitions
+
+In Schnabel's account, members of the Livermore group that had tested [[Uri Geller]] began to see fantastic images in the days and weeks afterward, among them hovering gray monochrome saucers and "fantastic animals from the ecstatic lore of shamans," including large raven-like birds that were seen "traipsing through the yards of several members of the group." One of these "appeared briefly to a physicist named Mike Russo and his terrified wife": the two were lying around one morning when a giant bird stood staring at them from the foot of their bed. "After a few weeks of this, Russo and some of the others began seriously to wonder if they were losing their sanity," and [[Peter Crane]] telephoned the CIA analyst Schnabel calls Richard Kennett, identified by the *Grey Lodge Occult Review* as [[Kit Green]].[^2]
+
+### Meetings with Kennett and the telephone call
+
+After meeting Crane in a coffee shop in the town of Livermore, Schnabel writes, Kennett "was having long meetings with Russo and the others. They perspired, trembled, and even wept openly as they related some of the things that had happened to them."[^2] The same passage says the group's security clearances had required screening for psychological disorders, and that Kennett recognized, among a few intelligible words spoken by a metallic voice on an audiotape of a Geller session, the code name of a closely held government project that Russo, Crane and the others did not know. Schnabel does not give the code name.[^2]
+
+The situation "eventually resolved itself, after Russo complained about a telephone call from the strange metallic voice. The voice demanded that the Livermore group cease its research activities with Geller. The group did, and within a month, the bizarre apparitions faded away."[^2]
+
+### Other accounts
+
+[[Annie Jacobsen]]'s *Phenomena* (2017) has Green saying that the Livermore scientists "carried top-secret clearances," that they reported "raven-like birds on their bedposts" and orbs floating down hallways in their homes, and that "two of the Livermore scientists quit," taking events as a message that they should no longer work on nuclear weapons. The same book has a security officer, [[Ron Robertson]], telephoning Green after the second day of tests.[^3] A CIA staff report of late 1974 records an [[Atomic Energy Commission]] security officer's report, received on October 23, 1974, of two days of testing Geller at Livermore.[^4]
+
+### Footnotes
+
+[^1]: Rudy Havenstein, "Dr. Green and the Goblins of Langley," Substack, July 11, 2025, https://rudy.substack.com/p/dr-green-and-the-goblins-of-langley, quoting *Grey Lodge Occult Review* 1, no. 5.
+[^2]: Jim Schnabel, *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies* (Dell, 1997), as excerpted at the Havenstein URL above. Sole source for the passages so cited.
+[^3]: Annie Jacobsen, *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis* (Little, Brown, 2017), quoting Christopher Green; as quoted at https://schwabstack.substack.com/p/spies-of-the-superspectral-order.
+[^4]: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010023-0, https://archive.org/download/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp79-00999a000200010023-0/cia-rdp79-00999a000200010023-0_djvu.txt.
--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Pat
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Pat
@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ SRI's SCANATE report introduces him without a surname: "As a backup test, the co

 The Semipalatinsk experiment ran in three phases "under direct control of the COTR": Phase I with coordinates and the words "R&D test facility" only, Phase II after "the subject being made 'witting' (of the client) by client representatives who introduced themselves to the subject," and Phase III "the generation of unverifiable data concerning the Semipalatinsk site not available to the client, but of operational interest nonetheless," over two weeks. The Los Alamos analyst who reviewed the tapes of July 9 to 15, 1974, found that on the first day he "successfully evaded drawing a perimeter of the area even though he was asked to do this twice" and produced a 500-foot antenna, a swimming pool "for underwater testing," an array of telephone poles, and an airstrip that did not exist; that on the second "Price supplied the most positive evidence yet for the remote-viewing experiment with his sketch of the rail-mounted gantry crane. It seems inconceivable to imagine how he could have drawn such a likeness to the actual crane at URDF-3 unless: 1) he actually saw it through remote viewing, or 2) he was informed of what to draw by someone knowledgeable of URDF-3," adding, "I only mention this second possibility because the experiment was not controlled to discount the possibility that Price could talk to other people, such as the Disinformation Section of the KGB"; that on the third, shown the surface features of the underground Building 1, he said "No, that's a concrete apron, and there's nothing subterranean right in that particular area," which "was his most negative evidence yet"; and on the fourth admitted "he had been trying to force-fit a space-oriented situation to the target location." The conclusion: "I consider Price's remote-viewing experiment of URDF-3 to be unsuccessful. I recommend that the tapes be considered for use with the psychological stress evaluator." An outside reviewer of the SRI progress reports in 1974, under the heading "Remote Viewing by Mr. Price," wrote that "one cannot determine whether he was aware of the nine sites or had visited them prior to the experiment," and closed: "one still has the feeling that the prevailing philosophy is to 'prove' the existence of an information channel." When OTS briefed the House intelligence committee in November 1977 it left with the staff "a brief article on Mr. Pat Price."[^2]

-[[David Marks]] and [[Richard Kammann]] of the [[University of Otago]] argued in Nature in August 1978 that the judging of his nine-trial series depended on "multiple extraneous cues which were available in the original unedited transcripts," such as "Nothing like having three successes behind you" in the fourth, and on a target list given to the judge "in the correct order"; Puthoff, Targ and [[Charles Tart]] answered with a rejudging of edited transcripts in which "seven of the nine were correctly matched," and Puthoff conceded in 1980 that the list had been "inadvertently (through an error) given in the same order." The Snyders' evaluation of 1979 added: "It is alleged, although unverified by the authors, that Price had once worked for the organization that had control over that particular site" in West Virginia.[^901]
+[[David Marks]] and [[Richard Kammann]] of the [[University of Otago]] argued in Nature in August 1978 that the judging of his nine-trial series depended on "multiple extraneous cues which were available in the original unedited transcripts," such as "Nothing like having three successes behind you" in the fourth, and on a target list given to the judge "in the correct order"; Puthoff, Targ and [[Charles Tart]] answered with a rejudging of edited transcripts in which "seven of the nine were correctly matched," and Puthoff conceded in 1980 that the list had been "inadvertently (through an error) given in the same order." The Snyders' evaluation of 1979 added: "It is alleged, although unverified by the authors, that Price had once worked for the organization that had control over that particular site" in West Virginia.[^3]

 ### CIA Direct Work (1974-1975)

 In the autumn of 1974, Price left SRI and began working directly for the CIA outside the SRI institutional framework, including a period attempting to identify coal deposits in Huntington, West Virginia, using psychic methods for a commercial client. He also undertook CIA-tasked remote viewing sessions to attempt to confirm locations of foreign intelligence facilities. He passed initial CIA verification tests, accurately describing embassy layouts and interior details that were confirmed against classified records.

-The *Nature* paper of October 1974 reported his nine double-blind trials against Bay Area sites, six matched by a plurality of five judges, and gave him, with Hella Hammid, as one of "two of our subjects (H.H. and P.P.)" who "had not considered themselves to have unusual perceptual ability before their participation." Targ's memoir of 1996 quotes his words on July 10, 1974: "I am lying on my back on the roof of a two or three story brick building. It's a sunny day. The sun feels good. There's the most amazing thing. There's a giant gantry crane moving back and forth over my head," and his description of "a giant, 'sixty-foot diameter metal sphere'" assembled from "thick metal gores," which Targ set beside an *Aviation Week* report of May 2, 1977, of Soviet steel gores for "a large sphere estimated to be about 18 meters (57.8 feet) in diameter." In August 1977 [[Stansfield Turner]] told reporters that the agency "had found a man who could 'see' what was going on anywhere in the world," dropped in 1975: "He died, and we haven't heard from him since."[^3]
+The *Nature* paper of October 1974 reported his nine double-blind trials against Bay Area sites, six matched by a plurality of five judges, and gave him, with Hella Hammid, as one of "two of our subjects (H.H. and P.P.)" who "had not considered themselves to have unusual perceptual ability before their participation." Targ's memoir of 1996 quotes his words on July 10, 1974: "I am lying on my back on the roof of a two or three story brick building. It's a sunny day. The sun feels good. There's the most amazing thing. There's a giant gantry crane moving back and forth over my head," and his description of "a giant, 'sixty-foot diameter metal sphere'" assembled from "thick metal gores," which Targ set beside an *Aviation Week* report of May 2, 1977, of Soviet steel gores for "a large sphere estimated to be about 18 meters (57.8 feet) in diameter." In August 1977 [[Stansfield Turner]] told reporters that the agency "had found a man who could 'see' what was going on anywhere in the world," dropped in 1975: "He died, and we haven't heard from him since."[^4]

 ### Death and Disputed Circumstances

@ -66,5 +66,5 @@ Within the government's remote viewing program, Price's Semipalatinsk session wa

 [^1]: Stanford Research Institute, "Project SCANATE, Exploratory Research in Remote Viewing," 1973, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100480002-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* final report, part two, research report, December 1, 1975, SRI Project 3183, 153 pp., CIA-RDP96-00791R000100410001-2. The report codes its subjects; S3 and S1 are identified as Swann and Price by matching their responses to the named sessions in the SCANATE report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* final report, part one, executive summary, SRI Project 3183, covering January 1974 to February 1975, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100420001-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
 [^2]: Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. *Perceptual Augmentation Techniques,* final report, part two, research report, December 1, 1975, SRI Project 3183, 153 pp., CIA-RDP96-00791R000100410001-2. The report codes its subjects; S3 and S1 are identified as Swann and Price by matching their responses to the named sessions in the SCANATE report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "An Analysis of a Remote Viewing Experiment of URDF-3," report of the four sessions of July 9 to 15, 1974, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200240001-0, cited by Kress as the work of Dr. Stillman of Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, December 4, 1975. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Review of Perceptual Augmentation Techniques," unsigned review of SRI progress reports 1 to 3, c. August 1974, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200230001-6. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Brandwein, David S., Director, Office of Technical Service, memoranda "Stanford Research Institute Parapsychology Research," February 20, 1976 (CIA-RDP96-00787R000200020001-9), and "OTS Support to Research in Parapsychology," October 7, 1976 (CIA-RDP96-00787R000200020016-3); memorandum for the record, "Briefing for House Permanent Select Committee re OTS Involvement in ESP Research," OTS memo 287-77, November 17, 1977 (CIA-RDP96-00787R000200020020-8); memorandum for the record, "Discussions with OTS on the SRI Project," June 22, 1974 (CIA-RDP96-00787R000700110016-8). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^3]: Targ, Russell, and Harold Puthoff. "Information Transmission under Conditions of Sensory Shielding," *Nature,* vol. 251, October 18, 1974, pp. 602-607, read in the CIA Reading Room copy CIA-RDP96-00787R000100220001-8 on archive.org. Targ, Russell. "Remote Viewing at Stanford Research Institute in the 1970s: A Memoir," *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 77-88, reprinted from Targ and Katra, *Mind-to-Mind* (1996); read in a Wayback Machine copy of the journal's PDF.
-[^901]: Marks, David, and Richard Kammann. "Information transmission in remote viewing experiments." *Nature,* vol. 274, August 17, 1978, pp. 680-681, received July 2, 1977, accepted May 31, 1978. https://www.nature.com/articles/274680a0. Marks, David F. "Remote Viewing Revisited." *Skeptical Inquirer,* vol. 6, no. 4, Summer 1982, pp. 18-29. https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/1982/07/22165420/p20.pdf Puthoff, H. E., and Russell Targ, "Information Transmission in Remote Viewing Experiments: II," and Tart, Charles T., "Reanalysis of SRI Remote Viewing Experiments," January 1979, "submitted for publication to Nature," CIA-RDP96-00787R000200090017-5; published as Tart, Puthoff and Targ, *Nature,* vol. 284, 1980, p. 191. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Snyder, Harry L., and Arlene G. Snyder. *Summary and Critical Evaluation of Research in Remote Viewing,* Report RV-79-1, final technical report, contract 77F104420, Systemetrics, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, June 1, 1979, parts 1 and 2, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100440001-9 and CIA-RDP96-00787R000100260003-2. The sponsor of the contract is not named in the report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: Marks, David, and Richard Kammann. "Information transmission in remote viewing experiments." *Nature,* vol. 274, August 17, 1978, pp. 680-681, received July 2, 1977, accepted May 31, 1978. https://www.nature.com/articles/274680a0. Marks, David F. "Remote Viewing Revisited." *Skeptical Inquirer,* vol. 6, no. 4, Summer 1982, pp. 18-29. https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/1982/07/22165420/p20.pdf Puthoff, H. E., and Russell Targ, "Information Transmission in Remote Viewing Experiments: II," and Tart, Charles T., "Reanalysis of SRI Remote Viewing Experiments," January 1979, "submitted for publication to Nature," CIA-RDP96-00787R000200090017-5; published as Tart, Puthoff and Targ, *Nature,* vol. 284, 1980, p. 191. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Snyder, Harry L., and Arlene G. Snyder. *Summary and Critical Evaluation of Research in Remote Viewing,* Report RV-79-1, final technical report, contract 77F104420, Systemetrics, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, June 1, 1979, parts 1 and 2, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100440001-9 and CIA-RDP96-00787R000100260003-2. The sponsor of the contract is not named in the report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^4]: Targ, Russell, and Harold Puthoff. "Information Transmission under Conditions of Sensory Shielding," *Nature,* vol. 251, October 18, 1974, pp. 602-607, read in the CIA Reading Room copy CIA-RDP96-00787R000100220001-8 on archive.org. Targ, Russell. "Remote Viewing at Stanford Research Institute in the 1970s: A Memoir," *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 77-88, reprinted from Targ and Katra, *Mind-to-Mind* (1996); read in a Wayback Machine copy of the journal's PDF.
--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ricky
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ricky
@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ Ollie Newell had been convicted of drug charges in Indiana in the late 1980s and
 [^7]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 16: "It's a burn"
 [^8]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 20: "It is a sensitive matter"
 [^9]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 21: "I could go anywhere in the world and sell dope"
+[^10]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 24: "They're gonna forget I was a drug dealer"
 [^11]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 25: "Things are moving all around us"
 [^12]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 26: "That matter, if true, would be classified"
 [^13]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 27: "A very difficult decision"
--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ron
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Ron
@ -1,19 +1,47 @@
 ---
 aliases:
- Ron Robertson
+  - Ron Robertson
+  - Ronald Robertson
+  - Mr. Robertson
 category: "Intelligence & Government"
 tags:
  - Person
-  - Stargate
-  - CIA
-summary: "Ron Robertson was a security officer for the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)."
+  - AEC
+  - Security
+  - LawrenceLivermore
+  - UriGeller
+  - Psychokinesis
+summary: "Atomic Energy Commission security officer at Livermore who, as quoted in 1976, wondered whether a psychic could trigger a nuclear weapon, and who in Jacobsen's account called the CIA's Kit Green after Geller's tests."
+location: "Livermore, California"
+relations:
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Atomic Energy Commission]]"
+    start: 1974
+    role: "security officer assigned to Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (title and dates as given by Geller, 1986, and Jacobsen, 2017)"
+    fn: 1
+created: 2026-05-22
+updated: 2026-10-05
 ---

-Ron Robertson was a security officer for the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] (AEC). He was assigned to oversee national security issues between the AEC, [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|Livermore]], and the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] during [[Uri Geller]]'s classified [[Psychokinesis|psychokinesis]] tests in the winter of 1975[^1].
+Ron Robertson is named as a security officer of the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] (AEC) at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] in two published accounts of the laboratory's 1974 to 1975 sessions with [[Uri Geller]]: the Time correspondent [[John L. Wilhelm|John Wilhelm]]'s *The Search for Superman* (1976), as characterized by Geller, and [[Annie Jacobsen]]'s *Phenomena* (2017).[^1][^2]

-These tests, conducted at a laboratory adjacent to Livermore in an old wooden [[World War II]] barracks, involved firing high-quality lasers at a target and placing magnetic computer program cards in a lead container to see if Geller could interfere with them. Robertson's role was to ensure security protocols were maintained, especially given Geller's status as a foreign national and unresolved potential role with the [[Mossad]][^1].
+### The 1976 quotation

-After the second day of tests, Robertson called [[Kit Green]] at [[Central Intelligence Agency]] headquarters, reporting that several nuclear weapons engineers had seen inexplicable phenomena, including "items flying across the room. Lights flashing. A six-inch ball of light, rolling down the hallway. One scientist reported seeing a flying orb." These incidents, which Green privately thought sounded like "poltergeist events," caused concern at both the AEC and the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], leading Green to investigate whether the scientists were experiencing hallucinations[^1].
+In *The Geller Effect* (1986), Geller and Guy Lyon Playfair wrote: "While I was being tested at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, one of the security men there, Ron Robertson of the Atomic Energy Commission, wondered if somebody like me could trigger a nuclear explosion or, worse still, a malfunction. 'All it takes is the ability to move one-eighth of an ounce a quarter of an inch at a distance of one foot,' John Wilhelm quoted him as saying." The passage adds that Wilhelm mentioned reports of unexplained bomb explosions aboard American ships in the Vietnam area and noted that Geller had moved a one-twentieth-of-an-ounce weight on a pan balance at the [[Stanford Research Institute]]. Geller then wrote that "some time later" he was taken to a high-security installation in another country where someone with no connection to the Livermore scientists asked him to do what Robertson had in mind, with real, unarmed warheads hidden behind a screen.[^2]
+
+### The October 1974 telephone call
+
+A CIA staff report filed with a Reuters item of November 4, 1974 records that its writer received a telephone call "on 23 October" from a "Security Officer" of the AEC at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, who said the laboratory had "just spent two days in the laboratory testing Geller" with forty AEC scientists having spent a month designing the experiments. The document does not name the caller and says the information came "anecdotally" from a security officer who was not an experimenter.[^3]
+
+### Jacobsen's account, 1975
+
+Jacobsen places the tests in the winter of 1975 in a laboratory adjacent to Livermore, in an old wooden World War II barracks, with high-quality lasers fired at a target and magnetic computer program cards placed in a lead container, and has Robertson responsible for security arrangements given Geller's status as a foreign national and his unresolved possible role with the [[Mossad]]. After the second day, she writes, Robertson telephoned [[Kit Green]] at [[Central Intelligence Agency]] headquarters to report that several nuclear weapons engineers had seen "items flying across the room. Lights flashing. A six-inch ball of light, rolling down the hallway," and that one scientist reported a flying orb; Green privately thought the reports sounded like "poltergeist events" and began to investigate whether the scientists were hallucinating.[^1]
+
+[[Jim Schnabel]]'s *Remote Viewers* (1997) tells the sequence differently: the Livermore group, led by a physicist he calls [[Peter Crane]], began unofficial after-hours tests in late 1974, and it was Crane who telephoned the CIA analyst Schnabel calls "Richard Kennett," whom the *Grey Lodge Occult Review* identified as Kit Green.[^4]

 ### Footnotes
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+
+[^1]: Annie Jacobsen, *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis* (Little, Brown, 2017). Sole source for the barracks, the lead container, the call to Green and the quoted descriptions.
+[^2]: Uri Geller and Guy Lyon Playfair, *The Geller Effect* (London: Jonathan Cape, 1986), chapter on scientific research, citing John Wilhelm, *The Search for Superman* (New York: Pocket Books, 1976). PDF at http://www.mbdodd.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/1/6/14162844/the_geller_effect_-_uri_geller_and_guy_lyon_playfair.pdf. Geller is the sole source for the characterization of Wilhelm's quotation.
+[^3]: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010023-0, archive.org item cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp79-00999a000200010023-0, https://archive.org/download/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp79-00999a000200010023-0/cia-rdp79-00999a000200010023-0_djvu.txt. Sole source for the call.
+[^4]: Jim Schnabel, *Remote Viewers* (Dell, 1997), as excerpted in Rudy Havenstein, "Dr. Green and the Goblins of Langley," July 11, 2025, https://rudy.substack.com/p/dr-green-and-the-goblins-of-langley, quoting *Grey Lodge Occult Review* 1, no. 5: "The names Richard Kennett, Peter Crane, Mike Russo and Don Kurtis which appear below are pseudonyms employed by Mr. Schnabel."
--- a/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Steven
+++ b/PEOPLE/(N-S)/Steven
@ -1,16 +1,75 @@
 ---
+created: 2026-05-15
+updated: 2026-10-05
+title: Steven Shaw
 aliases:
- Steven Shaw
+  - Steven Shaw
+  - Steve Shaw
+  - Banachek
+  - Steve "Banachek" Shaw
+  - Steven Banachek
 category: "Skeptics & Critics"
 tags:
  - Person
  - Skeptic
  - Magician
-summary: "Steven Shaw was one of two young magicians, along with Michael Edwards, who participated in James Randi's hoax against the McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research at Washington University in 1983."
+  - Mentalist
+  - ProjectAlpha
+  - McDonnellLaboratory
+  - JREF
+summary: "Mentalist known as Banachek who, at 18, became a subject at the McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research as part of James Randi's Project Alpha and later directed the JREF million dollar challenge."
+born: 1960-11-30
+location: "England"
+relations:
+  - type: participant_in
+    with: "[[Project Alpha]]"
+    start: 1979
+    end: 1983-01-28
+    role: "posed as a psychic subject in Project Alpha at Randi's request; revealed January 28, 1983"
+    fn: 2
+  - type: subject_of
+    with: "[[McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research]]"
+    start: 1979
+    end: 1982
+    role: "subject of metal-bending, telepathy and fuse experiments directed by Peter R. Phillips"
+    fn: 2
+  - type: subject_of
+    with: "[[Berthold Schwarz]]"
+    start: 1981
+    end: 1982
+    role: "subject of the 51-page paper 'Taming the Poltergeist'; Schwarz and Shaw gave differing accounts of what Shaw said about healing"
+    fn: 2
+  - type: member_of
+    with: "[[James Randi Educational Foundation]]"
+    role: "director of its million dollar paranormal challenge, later president, as stated on his own website"
+    fn: 1
 ---
-Steven Shaw was one of two young magicians, along with [[Michael Edwards]], who participated in [[James Randi]]'s hoax against the McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research at Washington University in 1983. Shaw and Edwards pretended to be psychics capable of [[Psychokinesis|psychokinesis]], using sleight of hand to simulate feats like spoon bending[^1].

-They spent a total of five weeks in the lab over a three-year period. When Randi held a press conference to expose the hoax, Steven Shaw famously walked up to the microphone and said, "I cheat," revealing the deception[^1].
+Steven Shaw, who performs as Banachek, states on his own website that he was born in England on November 30, 1960, was educated in England, South Africa and the United States, saw magic first at fourteen at a school event in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, and moved to the United States in 1976. He credits a used copy of [[James Randi]]'s book on [[Uri Geller]] with changing his life.[^1] In 1983 Randi described him as "an English immigrant hospital employee in Washington, PA, and part time mentalist" who was eighteen when Project Alpha began.[^2]
+
+### Before Project Alpha
+
+[[Marcello Truzzi]] recorded that Shaw had presented himself as a genuine psychic since 1977, before he met Randi, citing a newspaper item of 1977 and a feature by Terry Hazlett, "Steve Shaw: Mentalist or Magician?," in the Pittsburgh *Observer-Reporter* of January 2, 1979. The *[[Skeptical Inquirer]]* of Fall 1980 had published "Downfall of a Would-Be Psychic" by Donald McBurney and Jack Greenberg about a young subject, and a later letter to the journal pointed out that this was Shaw. Truzzi wrote that Randi had told the McDonnell Laboratory about the article in late December 1981, that [[Peter R. Phillips]] replied the next month that the article showed only that Shaw failed to demonstrate psi when controls were introduced and that he "had not been caught cheating at all," and that Randi's explanation in the journal was that Shaw's presentation of himself as a psychic was part of his "cover."[^3]
+
+### Project Alpha, 1979 to 1983
+
+Randi wrote that when the [[McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research]] at [[Washington University]] announced in 1979 that it sought subjects, he asked two young conjurors who had written to him to apply, and that Shaw and [[Michael Edwards]], 18 and 17, were the only two chosen of some 300 applicants. The two had agreed that if an experimenter asked directly whether they used tricks they would answer, "Yes, and we were sent here by James Randi." Randi wrote that they were never asked.[^2]
+
+According to Randi, Shaw and Edwards switched paper tags on measured spoons and keys, peeked into envelopes closed with staples and restapled them through the same holes, reinserted blown fuses, and turned the "target" control of a video camera to make the picture "bloom," which the laboratory included in its film. He wrote that Shaw removed a metal rod from a groove in an acrylic slab, bent it and replaced it, an experiment the laboratory deemed impossible by trickery. He also described a sealed aquarium that the pair opened at night through an unlocked window, and a rotor under a glass dome turned by air from blowing at the base. After Phillips's tightened protocol of late 1981, which Randi said removed the pair's ability to use simple trickery, they were tested or entertained by other investigators. The psychiatrist [[Berthold Schwarz]] wrote a 51-page paper, "Taming the Poltergeist," on experiments with Shaw; Randi wrote that "actually, the experimenter was Banachek; Schwarz was the subject." Randi wrote that Shaw explained a swirl on 8-mm film, in which Schwarz saw faces, a UFO and other forms, by saying "he'd simply spat on the lens."[^2]
+
+Truzzi recorded that Schwarz became involved with Shaw because he hoped Shaw might use psychokinesis to help Schwarz's seriously ill daughter, that Schwarz said Shaw encouraged both of them in the search for a paranormal cure, and that when Truzzi asked Shaw about this at the 1983 [[Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal|CSICOP]] conference, where Shaw was a featured speaker, Shaw "flatly denied this description of the events." Truzzi noted that Schwarz said a tape existed of Shaw's remarks about telekinetic therapy at the National Institute for Rehabilitation Engineering in New Jersey. He also recorded that Phillips issued a public statement on research with Steve Shaw on September 1, 1981, and that later experiments with Shaw and Edwards reported at the 1982 [[Parapsychological Association]] meetings used controls the authors regarded as adequate and produced results "not indicative of psi."[^3]
+
+At Randi's press conference on January 28, 1983, [[Annie Jacobsen]] wrote, Shaw walked to the microphone and said "I cheat." Jacobsen wrote that Shaw and Edwards spent a total of five weeks in the laboratory over a three-year period; Randi's account gives "more than 160 hours during the four years of their lives" devoted to the experiment.[^4][^2]
+
+### After 1983
+
+[[Walter Uphoff]], whom Randi described as unable to explain his results after the exposure, asked a reporter, in Randi's quotation, "How do these kids know they're fakes?"[^2] [[Stanley Krippner]], quoted by Truzzi, was among parapsychologists who held that Alpha raised serious ethical issues.[^3]
+
+Shaw's website describes him as a former president of the [[James Randi Educational Foundation]] who oversaw its million dollar challenge, as having helped investigate the evangelist [[Peter Popoff]], as the creator of the "magic bullet" bullet catch that [[Penn & Teller]] later performed in their Las Vegas show, and as the first person to be buried six feet underground in chains and handcuffs and escape. It lists consulting for Penn & Teller, [[Criss Angel]] and [[David Blaine]].[^1]

 ### Footnotes
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+
+[^1]: Banachek, "About," https://banachek.com/about/ (self-published biography; sole source for the passages so cited on birth, upbringing, JREF role, the bullet catch and the burial escape).
+[^2]: Randi, James, "The Project Alpha Experiment: Part 1. The First Two Years," *Skeptical Inquirer,* Summer 1983, and "Part 2. Beyond the Laboratory," Fall 1983, https://archive.org/details/JamesRandiTheProjectAlpha
+[^3]: Truzzi, Marcello, "Reflections on 'Project Alpha': Scientific Experiment or Conjuror's Illusion?," *Zetetic Scholar,* nos. 12 and 13 (issue numbers printed 11 and 12), August 1987, https://archive.org/details/alpha-project-zetetic-scholar-nos-12-13
+[^4]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
--- a/PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Edmund
+++ b/PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Edmund
@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ Major General Edmund R. Thompson was the [[United States Army|Army]]'s assistant

 His eyes-only memorandum on the steering committee warned that Representative Charles Rose had an "oft-repeated desire to be kept up to date on a continuing basis" and that "a situation as before in which the last briefing was done at his instigation, forcing us to be reactors rather than action takers, should be avoided." By January 1980 he "has briefed the DDO on the INSCOM program." On April 16, 1981, he sat with Lieutenant Colonel Murray Watt to brief Rose, assuring him that the Army wished to keep working with SRI, and on May 8, 1981, asked the Secretary of the Army to approve work with civilian contractors under Procedure 18 of the Defense Department's rules on human subjects, granted on May 27 on condition that it serve "an important foreign intelligence or counterintelligence purpose." In 1981 his office transferred management of the project to INSCOM.[^4][^5]

-Thompson received a copy of [[Ruth Davis]]'s memorandum of November 20, 1978, on the oversight of the remote-viewing project; the report of the [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]] records that in the spring of 1978 "the Army ACSI was designated focal point to develop a DA program" of "moderate intensity, low profile," that he sat on the steering committee at its first meeting on February 13, 1979, and that in 1979 "MG Thompson requested the Surgeon General designate, by name, a fully qualified behavioral scientist to act as consultant during protocol development." According to Major [[William Stoner]], [[Ray Hyman]]'s candidacy for the committee ended "because of a protest memo from MG Thompson to Dr [[Walter LaBerge|LaBerge]]," and at the briefing of January 14, 1980, "when quizzed by MG Thompson on what the word 'proof' in the report findings meant, Gale responded with a flurry of scientific buzzwords and jargon, the bottom line of which is that SCIENTIFIC PROOF has not been demonstrated."[^900]
+Thompson received a copy of [[Ruth Davis]]'s memorandum of November 20, 1978, on the oversight of the remote-viewing project; the report of the [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]] records that in the spring of 1978 "the Army ACSI was designated focal point to develop a DA program" of "moderate intensity, low profile," that he sat on the steering committee at its first meeting on February 13, 1979, and that in 1979 "MG Thompson requested the Surgeon General designate, by name, a fully qualified behavioral scientist to act as consultant during protocol development." According to Major [[William Stoner]], [[Ray Hyman]]'s candidacy for the committee ended "because of a protest memo from MG Thompson to Dr [[Walter LaBerge|LaBerge]]," and at the briefing of January 14, 1980, "when quizzed by MG Thompson on what the word 'proof' in the report findings meant, Gale responded with a flurry of scientific buzzwords and jargon, the bottom line of which is that SCIENTIFIC PROOF has not been demonstrated."[^6]

-At Watt's briefing of Representative Rose on January 16, 1980, "Page 3 of Incl 1 was not provided to the audience at the direction of MG Thompson," and Thompson "had no objections to taping the briefing" for the subcommittee. An undated note of his to Lieutenant General [[Eugene Tighe|Tighe]] reads: "Reference my 3 October memo discussing the GRILL FLAME Steering Committee, Dr. LaBerge agreed that the principals should meet soon. My office was asked to coordinate."[^901]
+At Watt's briefing of Representative Rose on January 16, 1980, "Page 3 of Incl 1 was not provided to the audience at the direction of MG Thompson," and Thompson "had no objections to taping the briefing" for the subcommittee. An undated note of his to Lieutenant General [[Eugene Tighe|Tighe]] reads: "Reference my 3 October memo discussing the GRILL FLAME Steering Committee, Dr. LaBerge agreed that the principals should meet soon. My office was asked to coordinate."[^7]

 ### Footnotes

@ -42,5 +42,5 @@ At Watt's briefing of Representative Rose on January 16, 1980, "Page 3 of Incl 1
 [^3]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "INSCOM Project Grill Flame: Progress Report #1," February 21, 1979, with enclosures, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100070001-3. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
 [^4]: Thompson, E. R., Major General, memorandum "GRILL FLAME Steering Committee" to Dr. La Berge, eyes only, undated, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000250013-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Defense Intelligence Agency, minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee, November 28, 1978 (enclosed in Progress Report #1), July 12, 1979 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130008-9), November 27, 1979 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1), and January 10, 1980 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Watt, Murray B., memorandum for the record, "INSCOM GRILL FLAME Briefing for Congressman Rose, 16 April 1981," April 17, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100190007-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
 [^5]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Grill Flame - Action Memorandum," December 11, 1981, with the memorandum of Major General E. R. Thompson of May 8, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100240001-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^900]: Davis, Ruth M., Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (Research and Advanced Technology), memorandum for Dr. Jack Vorona, "'Remote Viewing' Project," November 20, 1978, with the letter of Charlie Rose, Chairman, Subcommittee on Evaluation, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, to Davis, October 25, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00787R000500240017-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Stoner, William L., Major, GS, "Memorandum of Conversation, Subject: Gale Briefing to ZA, Science Evaluation Group Final Report on GRILL FLAME, 14 Jan 80," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230017-7. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^901]: Watt, Murray B., memorandum for the record, "INSCOM GRILL FLAME Briefing for Congressman Rose, 16 January 1980," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100190001-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Thompson, E. R., "Note for: LTG Tighe," undated, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000250008-6. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^6]: Davis, Ruth M., Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (Research and Advanced Technology), memorandum for Dr. Jack Vorona, "'Remote Viewing' Project," November 20, 1978, with the letter of Charlie Rose, Chairman, Subcommittee on Evaluation, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, to Davis, October 25, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00787R000500240017-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Stoner, William L., Major, GS, "Memorandum of Conversation, Subject: Gale Briefing to ZA, Science Evaluation Group Final Report on GRILL FLAME, 14 Jan 80," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230017-7. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^7]: Watt, Murray B., memorandum for the record, "INSCOM GRILL FLAME Briefing for Congressman Rose, 16 January 1980," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100190001-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Thompson, E. R., "Note for: LTG Tighe," undated, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000250008-6. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Jack
+++ b/PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Jack
@ -35,15 +35,15 @@ Vorona chaired the Defense Department's Grill Flame committee, which grew out of

 Vorona arranged the briefing of Senator [[Claiborne Pell]] on September 29, 1982, two days before Congress ended the Army's funding; "Senator Pell had had previous briefings concerning parapsychology from Dr. Vorona." On October 5, 1983, with Hal Puthoff and the [[Center Lane]] officers, he briefed Senator [[Malcolm Wallop]], "the individual who was responsible for the project being eliminated," and asked him "to insert language in the Congressional Conference Report that would permit the program to be included in the FY 85 GDIP submission"; Wallop "replied that he is only one person." On October 7 the committees' staff asked "what is the benefit of placing the program back in the NFIP since DIA has Program 6 (P-6) money," and when he answered "security," told him "that there was no security in the NFIP, and since P-6 money is available, it could be dangerous to reintroduce the subject to the Congressional Committees. Dr. Vorona did not continue the debate and terminated the briefing." As chairman of the working group he had answered the [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]]'s report of December 1979 with a memorandum supporting its finding that "unexplained observations of human capabilities to generate data of potential utility to intelligence have been documented" and objecting that "many of the difficulties in the report, especially those of fact and incompleteness, could have been avoided if the report had been collectively reviewed in draft."[^4]

-In the report of the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee, "in August 1978, Dr. Vorona, DIA, chaired a meeting to develop a coordinated DOD program," and he sat at the first meeting of the Grill Flame steering committee on February 13, 1979, "standing in for LTG [[Eugene Tighe|Tighe]]." The committee visited him at DIA on September 26, 1979. On November 27, 1979, his working group moved that he "contact Mr. Gale and inform him of the working group's desire and need to see and be briefed on the Gale Committee's report prior to it being given to any other party or group," a discussion held "while the committee chairman was not present," after which "consultation with him reveals that his view of the Committee's goal and function is not one of oversight but one of coordination and liaison." His minutes of January 10, 1980, record that Gale's briefing "was not received favorably" and that the report was "misleading and inadequate"; according to Major [[William Stoner]], he wrote to Tighe on January 11 urging him "to intercede with Dr [[Walter LaBerge|LaBerge]] on the report" so that it "be put on hold until the Working Group, as part of its responsibilities, could provide a clear analysis of what the report says." His signed comments as chairman of the working group followed.[^900]
+In the report of the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee, "in August 1978, Dr. Vorona, DIA, chaired a meeting to develop a coordinated DOD program," and he sat at the first meeting of the Grill Flame steering committee on February 13, 1979, "standing in for LTG [[Eugene Tighe|Tighe]]." The committee visited him at DIA on September 26, 1979. On November 27, 1979, his working group moved that he "contact Mr. Gale and inform him of the working group's desire and need to see and be briefed on the Gale Committee's report prior to it being given to any other party or group," a discussion held "while the committee chairman was not present," after which "consultation with him reveals that his view of the Committee's goal and function is not one of oversight but one of coordination and liaison." His minutes of January 10, 1980, record that Gale's briefing "was not received favorably" and that the report was "misleading and inadequate"; according to Major [[William Stoner]], he wrote to Tighe on January 11 urging him "to intercede with Dr [[Walter LaBerge|LaBerge]] on the report" so that it "be put on hold until the Working Group, as part of its responsibilities, could provide a clear analysis of what the report says." His signed comments as chairman of the working group followed.[^5]

-The minutes of the meeting of August 24, 1978, in his conference room record him opening "with comments about the extreme sensitivity of the subject," that "the program will be established specifically to investigate the remote viewing phenomenon and the extraordinary collection potential it offers," and his decision "against the establishment of a restricted access list and a special codeword for the program, since this would only generate more paperwork"; his letters of September 6 to the service intelligence chiefs asked for "funding levels you might be able to sustain over the next five years."[^901]
+The minutes of the meeting of August 24, 1978, in his conference room record him opening "with comments about the extreme sensitivity of the subject," that "the program will be established specifically to investigate the remote viewing phenomenon and the extraordinary collection potential it offers," and his decision "against the establishment of a restricted access list and a special codeword for the program, since this would only generate more paperwork"; his letters of September 6 to the service intelligence chiefs asked for "funding levels you might be able to sustain over the next five years."[^6]

 ### Career in the Documents

-A "Project Contacts" list of August 1, 1995, in the CIA's files, its author redacted: "From 1975 to his retirement from DIA as DDS&TI in 1990, Jack had principal responsibility for the operational use of the phenomena. He has a list of contacts both active and retired of end-users who have already testified to a number of important governmental committees as to the utility of anomalous cognition. Since 1991, Jack has served as the chair of our Policy Oversight Committee." A "Key Players" list gives him as "Dr. Jack Vorona (GS-18)"; an oversight roster as "Jack Vorona, Ph.D."; his title is printed variously as Deputy Director, Assistant Vice Director and Assistant Deputy Director for Scientific and Technical Intelligence, office symbol DT. He testified to the House Appropriations Committee's defense subcommittee on April 12, 1983, in a GDIP budget overview. At an Army meeting of April 13, 1982, "it was decided that Dr. Vorona would be the 'point person' in defending the GRILL FLAME Program to Congress"; [[Lincoln D. Faurer|Lincoln Faurer]] of NSA "had been exposed to GRILL FLAME some time ago by Dr. Jack Vorona, DIA, who knew LTG Faurer when he was assigned at DIA"; [[Edwin May]] wrote in 1995 that "Senator [[William S. Cohen|Cohen]] first learned of the program from Jack Vorona." He signed the DIA information memorandum of December 22, 1981, on "Special Intelligence Support Relating to the Kidnapping of BG [[James L. Dozier|Dozier]]." In February 1983 he "has either obtained or received commitment for $200K from DARPA," "the amount that Dr Vorona stated was needed to keep SRI intact for FY 83," and after briefing [[Richard DeLauer|Richard De Lauer]] on October 3, 1983, "received $600,000 Program 6 money to continue his program."[^900]
+A "Project Contacts" list of August 1, 1995, in the CIA's files, its author redacted: "From 1975 to his retirement from DIA as DDS&TI in 1990, Jack had principal responsibility for the operational use of the phenomena. He has a list of contacts both active and retired of end-users who have already testified to a number of important governmental committees as to the utility of anomalous cognition. Since 1991, Jack has served as the chair of our Policy Oversight Committee." A "Key Players" list gives him as "Dr. Jack Vorona (GS-18)"; an oversight roster as "Jack Vorona, Ph.D."; his title is printed variously as Deputy Director, Assistant Vice Director and Assistant Deputy Director for Scientific and Technical Intelligence, office symbol DT. He testified to the House Appropriations Committee's defense subcommittee on April 12, 1983, in a GDIP budget overview. At an Army meeting of April 13, 1982, "it was decided that Dr. Vorona would be the 'point person' in defending the GRILL FLAME Program to Congress"; [[Lincoln D. Faurer|Lincoln Faurer]] of NSA "had been exposed to GRILL FLAME some time ago by Dr. Jack Vorona, DIA, who knew LTG Faurer when he was assigned at DIA"; [[Edwin May]] wrote in 1995 that "Senator [[William S. Cohen|Cohen]] first learned of the program from Jack Vorona." He signed the DIA information memorandum of December 22, 1981, on "Special Intelligence Support Relating to the Kidnapping of BG [[James L. Dozier|Dozier]]." In February 1983 he "has either obtained or received commitment for $200K from DARPA," "the amount that Dr Vorona stated was needed to keep SRI intact for FY 83," and after briefing [[Richard DeLauer|Richard De Lauer]] on October 3, 1983, "received $600,000 Program 6 money to continue his program."[^7]

-On August 27, 1981, he met Brigadier General [[Garrison Rapmund]] of the Army Medical Research and Development Command, who "stated that as long as the Perry letter... remained as DoD policy, R&D funds could not be spent in the field of parapsychology," and "solicited BG Rapmund's assistance in getting the Perry letter rescinded." Visiting the Center Lane office on August 31, 1984, he "said that he would like to see psychoenergetics turn into a major discipline. He envisions expanding the current program in a manner similar to that of the disciplines of ELINT, SIGINT, COMINT, etc.," "would like to expand the current program to include PK and medical/psychological assessment," and reported that he and Rapmund "has signed an MOU" under which Rapmund "will provide one million dollars during FY85, two million during FY86, and four million during FY87," besides "TIARA funds and another $600K of P6 funds"; "he will be the central manager of the program under DIA and we will work for him." On March 11, 1985, four days after the DIA memorandum of agreement, "Dr. Vorona granted approval to continue with the training," an approval that fell to him "because of the human use implications" once the project was DIA's. The Sun Streak Oversight Panel met first in January 1986 with "Mr. D. Latham (Asst SecDef, C3I)" as chairman, "Lt Gen L. Perroots" of DIA as member, and "Dr. J. Vorona (DIA/DT), advisory member"; the unit's training reports and annual reports of 1985 to 1988 are addressed "TO: DT (Dr. Vorona)."[^900]
+On August 27, 1981, he met Brigadier General [[Garrison Rapmund]] of the Army Medical Research and Development Command, who "stated that as long as the Perry letter... remained as DoD policy, R&D funds could not be spent in the field of parapsychology," and "solicited BG Rapmund's assistance in getting the Perry letter rescinded." Visiting the Center Lane office on August 31, 1984, he "said that he would like to see psychoenergetics turn into a major discipline. He envisions expanding the current program in a manner similar to that of the disciplines of ELINT, SIGINT, COMINT, etc.," "would like to expand the current program to include PK and medical/psychological assessment," and reported that he and Rapmund "has signed an MOU" under which Rapmund "will provide one million dollars during FY85, two million during FY86, and four million during FY87," besides "TIARA funds and another $600K of P6 funds"; "he will be the central manager of the program under DIA and we will work for him." On March 11, 1985, four days after the DIA memorandum of agreement, "Dr. Vorona granted approval to continue with the training," an approval that fell to him "because of the human use implications" once the project was DIA's. The Sun Streak Oversight Panel met first in January 1986 with "Mr. D. Latham (Asst SecDef, C3I)" as chairman, "Lt Gen L. Perroots" of DIA as member, and "Dr. J. Vorona (DIA/DT), advisory member"; the unit's training reports and annual reports of 1985 to 1988 are addressed "TO: DT (Dr. Vorona)."[^7]

 ### Footnotes

@ -51,6 +51,6 @@ On August 27, 1981, he met Brigadier General [[Garrison Rapmund]] of the Army Me
 [^2]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
 [^3]: Defense Intelligence Agency, minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee, November 28, 1978 (enclosed in Progress Report #1), July 12, 1979 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130008-9), November 27, 1979 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1), and January 10, 1980 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
 [^4]: Jachim, Robert J., memorandum "Information Briefing for Senator Clairborne Pell," October 6, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100320001-5; Buzby, Brian, information paper "GRILL FLAME Briefing Presented to Senator Pell," February 6, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100320004-2. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Buzby, Brian, memorandum "Briefing to Senator Wallop, 5 October 1983," October 14, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270015-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Buzby, Brian, memorandum on the briefing of Congressional intelligence committee staff of October 7, 1983, October 14, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270017-8; "ITAOPS Fact Sheet, Inputs for MG Stubblebine," April 10, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220021-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5; Vorona, J., "Comments on 'Report By: The GRILLFLAME Scientific Evaluation Committee,'" memorandum of the Grill Flame Working Group, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300060001-2. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^900]: *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 27 November 1979," S-1168/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1, and "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 10 January 1980," S-1008/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1, both signed Jack Vorona, chairman. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Stoner, William L., Major, GS, "Memorandum of Conversation, Subject: Gale Briefing to ZA, Science Evaluation Group Final Report on GRILL FLAME, 14 Jan 80," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230017-7. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^901]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the Meeting of the DoD Committee on Remote Viewing Activities," August 24, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140009-7; Vorona to the Army assistant chief of staff for intelligence, S-1862/DT-1, September 6, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410015-9; Commander, Naval Intelligence Command, to DIA, September 14, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410025-8; DIA to the 902d Military Intelligence Group, September 22, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140015-0; James L. Brown, Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, USAF, to Vorona, September 29, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410026-7; Army ACSI (DAMI-ISH) to Vorona, October 4, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410024-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^900]: "Project Contacts," August 1, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190048-5; "Key Players," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200270002-9; "Scientific Oversight Committee," CIA-RDP96-00789R003200130001-2; bibliography citing Vorona's testimony to the House Appropriations Committee defense subcommittee of April 12, 1983, in "RV Reliability Enhancement and Evaluation," 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001800150001-7; "OACSI Meeting About Grill Flame," April 13, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200060003-1; "Recent Actions Concerning Project Grill Flame," February 21, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100350001-2; "Center Lane Briefing 3-7 October 1983," CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270013-2; "Discussion with Dr. Jack Vorona," August 31, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001500090055-8; "Meeting With Dr. Vorona, 11 March 1985," CIA-RDP96-00788R001700290007-7; "Sun Streak Oversight Panel, Minutes of First Meeting," January 1986, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100200001-6; "Special Intelligence Support Relating to the Kidnapping of BG Dozier," December 22, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00789R002600180016-8; "Grill Flame Briefing for Director, NSA," June and July 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700230004-6; May, Edwin C., memorandum "Contacts," February 23, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190073-7; Jachim, R. J., "Meeting Between BG Rapmund and Dr. Jack Vorona," September 1, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440071-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^5]: *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 27 November 1979," S-1168/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1, and "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 10 January 1980," S-1008/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1, both signed Jack Vorona, chairman. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Stoner, William L., Major, GS, "Memorandum of Conversation, Subject: Gale Briefing to ZA, Science Evaluation Group Final Report on GRILL FLAME, 14 Jan 80," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200230017-7. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^6]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the Meeting of the DoD Committee on Remote Viewing Activities," August 24, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140009-7; Vorona to the Army assistant chief of staff for intelligence, S-1862/DT-1, September 6, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410015-9; Commander, Naval Intelligence Command, to DIA, September 14, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410025-8; DIA to the 902d Military Intelligence Group, September 22, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140015-0; James L. Brown, Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, USAF, to Vorona, September 29, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410026-7; Army ACSI (DAMI-ISH) to Vorona, October 4, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410024-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^7]: "Project Contacts," August 1, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190048-5; "Key Players," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200270002-9; "Scientific Oversight Committee," CIA-RDP96-00789R003200130001-2; bibliography citing Vorona's testimony to the House Appropriations Committee defense subcommittee of April 12, 1983, in "RV Reliability Enhancement and Evaluation," 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001800150001-7; "OACSI Meeting About Grill Flame," April 13, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200060003-1; "Recent Actions Concerning Project Grill Flame," February 21, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100350001-2; "Center Lane Briefing 3-7 October 1983," CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270013-2; "Discussion with Dr. Jack Vorona," August 31, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001500090055-8; "Meeting With Dr. Vorona, 11 March 1985," CIA-RDP96-00788R001700290007-7; "Sun Streak Oversight Panel, Minutes of First Meeting," January 1986, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100200001-6; "Special Intelligence Support Relating to the Kidnapping of BG Dozier," December 22, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00789R002600180016-8; "Grill Flame Briefing for Director, NSA," June and July 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700230004-6; May, Edwin C., memorandum "Contacts," February 23, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190073-7; Jachim, R. J., "Meeting Between BG Rapmund and Dr. Jack Vorona," September 1, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440071-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(T-Z)/John
+++ b/PEOPLE/(T-Z)/John
@ -1,16 +1,80 @@
 ---
-aliases:
- John L. Wilhelm
-category: "Skeptics & Critics"
+category: "Authors & Journalists"
 tags:
  - Person
-  - Skeptic
-summary: "Wilhelm's exposé centered on the U.S."
+  - Journalist
+  - Time
+  - SRI
+  - UriGeller
+  - Parapsychology
+  - HPSCI
+  - Documentary
+alias:
+  - John L. Wilhelm
+  - John Wilhelm
+  - John Lenhart Wilhelm III
+  - John Lenhart Wilhelm
+  - Wilhelm
+summary: "Time science correspondent whose 1976 book The Search for Superman and August 7, 1977 Washington Post article on psychic spying drew a CIA memorandum in 1974 and a House intelligence committee briefing in 1977."
+location: "Washington, D.C."
+relations:
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Time]]"
+    start: 1961
+    role: "reporter, then National Science Correspondent; listed on the March 4, 1974 Time masthead and described by the CIA on April 16, 1974 as a former Time reporter"
+    fn: 1
+  - type: investigated
+    with: "[[Stanford Research Institute]]"
+    start: 1974-04
+    role: "wrote to SRI president Charles Anderson in 1974 requesting interviews with Harold Puthoff and Russell Targ; CIA records the request"
+    fn: 2
+  - type: subject_of
+    with: "[[House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]]"
+    start: 1977-11-16
+    role: "his August 7, 1977 Washington Post article occasioned a committee staff briefing by the CIA Office of Technical Service"
+    fn: 8
+  - type: employed_by
+    with: "[[Science 80]]"
+    role: "managing editor, after Time"
+    fn: 11
+created: 2026-05-15
+updated: 2026-10-05
 ---

-John L. Wilhelm was a journalist and a skeptic of [[Extrasensory Perception|ESP]] and other anomalous mental phenomena. He is known for his *Washington Post* article, "Psychic Spying? The [[Central Intelligence Agency]], the [[Pentagon]] and the Russians Probe the Military Potential of [[Parapsychology]]," published on August 7, 1977[^1].
+John Lenhart Wilhelm III graduated from [[Princeton University]] in 1959, served as an aviation intelligence officer in the [[U.S. Navy]] (planning bombing raids during the Cuban Missile Crisis, according to his obituary), and joined [[Time]] in 1961. At Time he became National Science Correspondent and reported on manned and unmanned space flights, the Vietnam War battle of Hamburger Hill, the 1968 B-52 crash at [[Thule Air Base]] in Greenland, the Kent State shootings, the [[Pentagon Papers]] and the arrest of [[Daniel Ellsberg]], and wrote the magazine's first cover story on environmental pollution.[^1] His name appears among the correspondents on the masthead of the March 4, 1974 issue of Time, which carried the cover story "Boom Times on the Psychic Frontier" by [[Stefan Kanfer]].[^2]

-Wilhelm's exposé centered on the [[U.S. Navy]]'s top scientist, [[Samuel Koslov]], who publicly expressed outrage about the [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]] project on ESP, claiming he had demanded its cessation. Koslov told Wilhelm, "If you ask me, ‘Do you think it’s a pile of crap?’ I do, and you can quote me." Wilhelm's article highlighted the public relations nightmare faced by Koslov, especially as the nefarious details surrounding the [[Moscow Signal]] and [[Project Pandora]] had only recently become public[^1].
+### Request to interview SRI, 1974
+
+A memorandum for the record dated April 16, 1974, in the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] STARGATE collection, is headed "Request for Information about Stanford Research Institute (SRI) Paranormal Research Project by Mr. Wilhelm former Time Reporter." It records that Wilhelm had written to [[Charles Anderson]], president of the [[Stanford Research Institute]], asking permission to interview [[Harold Puthoff]] and [[Russell Targ]], and that Wilhelm "desires to write a true positive story of the activities at SRI to obviate the previous biased public accounts." Puthoff had telephoned the CIA to report the request and to ask its opinion. The memorandum states that "it was mutually agreed that since publication of certain portions of the work is imminent, refusal to see Mr. Whilhelm would only delay such interviews which will become more frequent in the future," and that the SRI investigators "will grant the interview and confine the discussions to the innocuous portions of their studies."[^3]
+
+### The Search for Superman, 1976
+
+Wilhelm's book *The Search for Superman: An Extraordinary Journey of Psychic Exploration* was published by Pocket Books in 1976.[^4] An outline of it kept in the CIA collection among SRI miscellaneous papers lists as its characters [[Uri Geller]], [[Andrija Puharich]], [[Hannah Shtrang]] and [[Shipi Shtrang]], [[Ingo Swann]], [[Pat Price]], [[J. B. Rhine]], [[Edgar Mitchell]] and Adrienne Puthoff (the "ring incident"), gives the purpose of the book as presenting "the facts as best they can be determined in the controversial psychic experiments carried out over the past several years by SRI," and notes that "assistance by SRI was given grudgingly, if at all" and that Wilhelm was "not allowed to witness any of their psychic tests." The same outline names [[George Lawrence]] of the [[Advanced Research Projects Agency]] and [[Robert Van de Castle]] on the "loose" Geller experiments.[^5]
+
+The British weekly *[[New Scientist]]* reviewed the book's treatment of the 1974 *Nature* paper by Targ and Puthoff. [[Joseph Hanlon]] wrote that "in his book, Wilhelm comes close to accusing Targ and Puthoff of dishonesty": Wilhelm alleged that in three of the thirteen picture-drawing trials Geller passed but a drawing was nonetheless included, that in one of these, a horse drawn against a camel target, "apparently Targ and Puthoff themselves may have helped select one of Uri's many drawings that best fit the target," that Puthoff told Geller whether a target was a geometric picture or an object, and that Shipi Shtrang and Jean Mayo were present at sessions, so that Geller's "SRI experiments tended to be more like full-blown stage performances than private experiments."[^6]
+
+In the *Humanist* review of Targ and Puthoff's *Mind-Reach*, [[Ray Hyman]] quoted Wilhelm's book on Hyman himself: "He has a personal belief structure that seemingly would suffer least if psychic phenomena became accepted as a scientific reality." Hyman cited the passage to argue that his criticisms of Targ and Puthoff were not dogmatic fanaticism.[^7]
+
+### "Psychic Spying?" and the House committee, 1977
+
+On August 7, 1977 the [[Washington Post]] published Wilhelm's article "Psychic Spying? The CIA, the Pentagon and the Russians Probe the Military Potential of Parapsychology."[^8] [[Annie Jacobsen]] reports that the article centered on [[Samuel Koslov]], described there as the Navy's top scientist, who publicly expressed outrage about the SRI work on extrasensory perception and said he had demanded that it stop. According to Jacobsen, Koslov told Wilhelm: "If you ask me, 'Do you think it's a pile of crap?' I do, and you can quote me," and the article appeared when the details of the [[Moscow Signal]] and [[Project Pandora]] had only recently become public.[^9]
+
+A CIA memorandum of November 17, 1977 (OTS/BAB Memo 287-77) records that "the Committee's interest was occasioned by the article 'Psychic Spying' which appeared in the Parade Section of the Washington Post on 7 August 1977." In response to a request from the [[House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]], the Director of the [[Office of Technical Service]], David Brandwein, and other OTS officers briefed committee staff, among them Michael O'Neil and Pat Long, from about 1000 to 1100 hours on November 16, 1977, in the committee's offices. The staffers "asked very pertinent questions and were given frank and in-depth replies" to a short oral history of OTS work in the field dating to 1961. An OTS officer was asked to find out whether any other agency component was sponsoring ESP research. OTS left with the committee a written outline of its ESP work (classified SECRET), the IEEE article covering the unclassified portions of the SRI work, and a brief article on Pat Price; the committee declined additional information.[^10]
+
+### Later career and death
+
+After Time, Wilhelm was managing editor of the American Association for the Advancement of Science magazine *Science 80*, then a freelance science writer, with an early profile of [[Stephen Hawking]] among his pieces. He became a television producer, and was Emmy-nominated as executive producer of the [[PBS]] documentary *Comet Halley*, narrated by [[James Earl Jones]]. His other productions included *Planet Earth*, *My Heart, Your Heart* with [[Jim Lehrer]], *Two Cheers for the CIA*, and *Triumph at Carville: A Tale of Leprosy in America*, the last co-produced with his wife, Sally Squires Wilhelm. The obituary was published by the [[Association of Former Intelligence Officers]], of which he was a longtime member. He died at his home in Washington, D.C. on August 21, 2025, aged 87, of pancreatic cancer.[^11]

 ### Footnotes
-[^1]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis*. Little, Brown and Company, 2017.
+
+[^1]: "John Wilhelm, Longtime AFIO Member and Journalist," obituary, Association of Former Intelligence Officers, October 17, 2025. https://www.afio.com/obituaries/2025/10/17/john-wilhelm-longtime-afio-member-and-journalist/
+[^2]: "Boom Times on the Psychic Frontier," *Time,* March 4, 1974, cover story, with the issue's Publisher's Letter (which names Associate Editor Stefan Kanfer as writer of the cover story) and masthead, CIA-RDP96-00787R000700030001-3. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection: https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00787r000700030001-3
+[^3]: Memorandum for the Record, "Request for Information about Stanford Research Institute (SRI) Paranormal Research Project by Mr. Wilhelm former Time Reporter," April 16, 1974, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200200023-5 (a second copy is CIA-RDP96-00787R000700090018-9). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^4]: Wilhelm, John. *The Search for Superman: An Extraordinary Journey of Psychic Exploration.* Pocket Books, 1976; publication year and publisher as given in Hanlon, Joseph, "Spoon-bending science," *New Scientist,* 1977, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200080018-5, and in the AFIO obituary cited above.
+[^5]: "The Search for Superman by John L. Wilhelm," typed outline, in "1978-80 SRI Misc. Papers," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100040006-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^6]: Hanlon, Joseph. "Spoon-bending science," *New Scientist,* 1977, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200080018-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^7]: Hyman, Ray. "Psychics and Scientists: 'Mind-Reach' and Remote Viewing," review of Russell Targ and Harold Puthoff, *Mind-Reach* (Delacorte, 1977), CIA-RDP96-00787R000200080037-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^8]: Wilhelm, John L. "Psychic Spying? The Central Intelligence Agency, the Pentagon and the Russians Probe the Military Potential of Parapsychology," *Washington Post,* August 7, 1977 (title and date as given in Jacobsen and in the CIA memorandum cited at note 10).
+[^9]: Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown and Company, 2017. Sole source for the passages so cited (Koslov's statements).
+[^10]: OTS/BAB Memo 287-77, "Briefing for House Permanent Select Committee re OTS Involvement in ESP Research," November 17, 1977, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200020020-8 and sanitized copy CIA-RDP96-00787R000500170001-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^11]: "John Wilhelm, Longtime AFIO Member and Journalist," Association of Former Intelligence Officers, October 17, 2025. https://www.afio.com/obituaries/2025/10/17/john-wilhelm-longtime-afio-member-and-journalist/
--- a/PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Murray
+++ b/PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Murray
@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ Murray B. Watt, called Scotty, was a major of military intelligence in the human

 Watt briefed the committee on "INSCOM training and operational application of the remote viewing phenomenon" on November 27, 1979, and, as a lieutenant colonel, briefed Representative [[Charlie Rose|Charles Rose]] with General [[Edmund Thompson]] on April 16, 1981, writing the record of it. On June 30, 1981, as "outgoing project manager," he gave the first Grill Flame briefing to the new commander of INSCOM, [[Albert Stubblebine]], alongside his successor, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Jachim.[^3]

-Watt wrote INSCOM's record of the first meeting of "the DoD Committee on Special Sensors" on November 28, 1978, as "MAJ, MI, GRILL FLAME Project Officer, INSCOM," listing himself and Major [[William Stoner]] among thirteen present with [[Jack Vorona]], Dailey of the Under Secretary's office, [[Dale Graff]], [[John Kramar]] and Colonel Al DeProspero of AMSAA, Bill Mehuron of the Navy and a redacted name from NSA, and noting that "DIA will have 'Intelligence Oversight' responsibility; local IG cannot inspect without approval." On January 16, 1980, "I briefed Congressman Charlie Rose... on the INSCOM GRILL FLAME Project," with Thompson, Vorona, "Jake Stewart, NSC Staff Member" and "Dick Giza, Office of Congressman Rose" present; "Page 3 of Incl 1 was not provided to the audience at the direction of MG Thompson," and Rose "encouraged us to continue with our program." His comments on the [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee|Gale report]] in February 1980 called it "very shallow in nature," noted "after all, we provided the committee with most of the data contained in the Annex," and asked of its handwriting passage, "Did they, in fact, question Targ on this handwriting issue?"; "at the working meeting held 30-31 Jan I outlined most of our major objections."[^900]
+Watt wrote INSCOM's record of the first meeting of "the DoD Committee on Special Sensors" on November 28, 1978, as "MAJ, MI, GRILL FLAME Project Officer, INSCOM," listing himself and Major [[William Stoner]] among thirteen present with [[Jack Vorona]], Dailey of the Under Secretary's office, [[Dale Graff]], [[John Kramar]] and Colonel Al DeProspero of AMSAA, Bill Mehuron of the Navy and a redacted name from NSA, and noting that "DIA will have 'Intelligence Oversight' responsibility; local IG cannot inspect without approval." On January 16, 1980, "I briefed Congressman Charlie Rose... on the INSCOM GRILL FLAME Project," with Thompson, Vorona, "Jake Stewart, NSC Staff Member" and "Dick Giza, Office of Congressman Rose" present; "Page 3 of Incl 1 was not provided to the audience at the direction of MG Thompson," and Rose "encouraged us to continue with our program." His comments on the [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee|Gale report]] in February 1980 called it "very shallow in nature," noted "after all, we provided the committee with most of the data contained in the Annex," and asked of its handwriting passage, "Did they, in fact, question Targ on this handwriting issue?"; "at the working meeting held 30-31 Jan I outlined most of our major objections."[^4]

 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
 [^2]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "INSCOM Project Grill Flame: Progress Report #1," February 21, 1979, with enclosures, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100070001-3. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
 [^3]: Defense Intelligence Agency, minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee, November 28, 1978 (enclosed in Progress Report #1), July 12, 1979 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130008-9), November 27, 1979 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1), and January 10, 1980 (CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Watt, Murray B., memorandum for the record, "INSCOM GRILL FLAME Briefing for Congressman Rose, 16 April 1981," April 17, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100190007-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Buzby, Brian, memoranda for the record, "Initial Grill Flame Briefing to MG Stubblebine as CG, INSCOM, 30 June 1981" (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220001-0), "Meeting With MG Stubblebine on 30 November 1983" (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220010-0), and "Meeting with MG Stubblebine on 6 January 1984" (CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220009-2). Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^900]: Defense Intelligence Agency, S-1004/DT-1, "Minutes of the Meeting, DoD Grill Flame Committee," November 28, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140013-2; Watt, Murray B., "Summary of Working Group Meeting, DoD Committee on Special Sensors (C), 28 Nov 78," November 29, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200240006-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Watt, Murray B., memorandum for the record, "INSCOM GRILL FLAME Briefing for Congressman Rose, 16 January 1980," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100190001-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Watt, Murray B., "Comments Concerning 'GRILL FLAME SCIENTIFIC EVALUATION COMMITTEE REPORT,' dated December 1979," catalogued February 13, 1980, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130025-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^4]: Defense Intelligence Agency, S-1004/DT-1, "Minutes of the Meeting, DoD Grill Flame Committee," November 28, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140013-2; Watt, Murray B., "Summary of Working Group Meeting, DoD Committee on Special Sensors (C), 28 Nov 78," November 29, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200240006-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Watt, Murray B., memorandum for the record, "INSCOM GRILL FLAME Briefing for Congressman Rose, 16 January 1980," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100190001-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Watt, Murray B., "Comments Concerning 'GRILL FLAME SCIENTIFIC EVALUATION COMMITTEE REPORT,' dated December 1979," catalogued February 13, 1980, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130025-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
--- a/PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Russell
+++ b/PEOPLE/(T-Z)/Russell
@ -31,18 +31,18 @@ Despite the personality conflicts and the controversial nature of the research,

 The paper he and Puthoff published in *Nature* on October 18, 1974, "Information Transmission under Conditions of Sensory Shielding," reported thirteen drawing experiments with Uri Geller in "a double-walled steel room" and later "a double-walled, copper-screen Faraday cage," in which two judges "each matched the target data to the response data with no error"; a hundred-picture series on which Geller "passed" every day, with results that "do not depart significantly from what would be expected by chance"; a die in a steel box called correctly eight times of eight; nine double-blind remote-viewing trials with Pat Price against Bay Area sites chosen by the division director with a random-number calculator, of which five judges matched six of nine; and an EEG series in which one subject of six, "H.H.," showed "a consistent alpha blocking effect" when a distant light flashed. It concluded that "a channel exists whereby information about a remote location can be obtained by means of an as yet unidentified perceptual modality," that "the information channel appears to be imperfect, containing noise along with the signal," and that the ability "may be widely distributed in the general population." The acknowledged sponsor was "The Foundation for Parasensory Investigation, New York City," with thanks to Judith Skutch and [[Edgar Mitchell]] of the [[Institute of Noetic Sciences]]. In 1978 [[David Marks]] and [[Richard Kammann]] reported in *Nature* that they had failed to replicate the work and argued that the Price transcripts held cues such as "second place of the day" that let judges match them; Targ, Puthoff, and [[Charles Tart]] answered in January 1979 with re-edited transcripts and a new judge who matched seven of nine.[^2]

-The Army's [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]], which met Targ, Puthoff and Charles Tart at SRI on July 24 and 25, 1979, wrote of the long-distance series that a drawing of the San Andres airport, in the Costa Rica series, had been made by "one of the experimenters who substituted his time for that of" the designated subject, and in its protocol annex: "The lack of repeated use of Targ as a Subject is thus supported, even though he provided an excellent response to the San Andres airport. (One must wonder why he wasn't used again in view of this highly accurate response!)" Its summary of the SRI work: "The only way that their concepts will be accepted by the scientific community is for non-reproachable experimenters to conduct similar research, using improved methods, without any possible intrusion by persons (such as Puthoff and Targ) having a vested interest in the results."[^900]
+The Army's [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]], which met Targ, Puthoff and Charles Tart at SRI on July 24 and 25, 1979, wrote of the long-distance series that a drawing of the San Andres airport, in the Costa Rica series, had been made by "one of the experimenters who substituted his time for that of" the designated subject, and in its protocol annex: "The lack of repeated use of Targ as a Subject is thus supported, even though he provided an excellent response to the San Andres airport. (One must wonder why he wasn't used again in view of this highly accurate response!)" Its summary of the SRI work: "The only way that their concepts will be accepted by the scientific community is for non-reproachable experimenters to conduct similar research, using improved methods, without any possible intrusion by persons (such as Puthoff and Targ) having a vested interest in the results."[^3]

-The Snyders' evaluation of 1979 wrote of one SRI target that "Targ, who selected the coordinates, had also worked for Sylvania," that "Targ was an accomplished amateur magician," quoting his pages in Mind-Reach on "sleights" and "illusions," and of an airport drawing, "Was it drawn by Russell Targ?"; David Marks found in the fourth Price transcript Targ's remark to the subject, "Nothing like having three successes behind you," on a page missing from the copy SRI gave John Wilhelm.[^901]
+The Snyders' evaluation of 1979 wrote of one SRI target that "Targ, who selected the coordinates, had also worked for Sylvania," that "Targ was an accomplished amateur magician," quoting his pages in Mind-Reach on "sleights" and "illusions," and of an airport drawing, "Was it drawn by Russell Targ?"; David Marks found in the fourth Price transcript Targ's remark to the subject, "Nothing like having three successes behind you," on a page missing from the copy SRI gave John Wilhelm.[^4]

 ### The 1996 Memoir

-Targ requested his CIA files in May 1994, "moved from number 540 in line to number 474" in a year, and with "two Washington lawyers, two congressmen, and a senator" obtained them on August 11, 1995. His memoir of 1996 recounts Price telephoning Puthoff in June 1973 to say he had been "doing that kind of psychic thing for years, catching crooks when he was the police commissioner in Burbank"; the protocol of sixty target cards and a calculator with a random-number key, run by the laboratory director Bonnar Cox, with Targ and the viewer in a Faraday cage on the second floor of the Radio Physics building; Price's drawing of the Rinconada Park pools, "about a hundred feet in diameter (it was actually hundred and ten feet)," with water tanks that the city's centennial report showed had stood there in 1913; and the session of July 10, 1974, in which Price, given coordinates by "a physicist from the CIA," said: "I am lying on my back on the roof of a two or three story brick building. It's a sunny day. The sun feels good. There's the most amazing thing. There's a giant gantry crane moving back and forth over my head. As I drift up in the air and look down, it seems to be riding on a track with one rail on each side of the building." Targ added that Price described "a giant, 'sixty-foot diameter metal sphere'" being assembled from "thick metal gores" with welding difficulties, and that *Aviation Week* of May 2, 1977, reported satellite photographs of Soviet technicians manufacturing "huge extremely thick steel gores" for "a large sphere estimated to be about 18 meters (57.8 feet) in diameter." He quoted the *Chicago Tribune* of August 13, 1977, on Director [[Stansfield Turner]]'s disclosure that the agency "had found a man who could 'see' what was going on anywhere in the world through his psychic powers," dropped in 1975: "'He died,' Turner said, 'and we haven't heard from him since.'" Of the agency's position in 1995 he wrote: "It is as though the CIA discovered that there were indeed little men on Mars, but concluded that since they were pretty small and didn't have weapons, they weren't worth investigating any further."[^3]
+Targ requested his CIA files in May 1994, "moved from number 540 in line to number 474" in a year, and with "two Washington lawyers, two congressmen, and a senator" obtained them on August 11, 1995. His memoir of 1996 recounts Price telephoning Puthoff in June 1973 to say he had been "doing that kind of psychic thing for years, catching crooks when he was the police commissioner in Burbank"; the protocol of sixty target cards and a calculator with a random-number key, run by the laboratory director Bonnar Cox, with Targ and the viewer in a Faraday cage on the second floor of the Radio Physics building; Price's drawing of the Rinconada Park pools, "about a hundred feet in diameter (it was actually hundred and ten feet)," with water tanks that the city's centennial report showed had stood there in 1913; and the session of July 10, 1974, in which Price, given coordinates by "a physicist from the CIA," said: "I am lying on my back on the roof of a two or three story brick building. It's a sunny day. The sun feels good. There's the most amazing thing. There's a giant gantry crane moving back and forth over my head. As I drift up in the air and look down, it seems to be riding on a track with one rail on each side of the building." Targ added that Price described "a giant, 'sixty-foot diameter metal sphere'" being assembled from "thick metal gores" with welding difficulties, and that *Aviation Week* of May 2, 1977, reported satellite photographs of Soviet technicians manufacturing "huge extremely thick steel gores" for "a large sphere estimated to be about 18 meters (57.8 feet) in diameter." He quoted the *Chicago Tribune* of August 13, 1977, on Director [[Stansfield Turner]]'s disclosure that the agency "had found a man who could 'see' what was going on anywhere in the world through his psychic powers," dropped in 1975: "'He died,' Turner said, 'and we haven't heard from him since.'" Of the agency's position in 1995 he wrote: "It is as though the CIA discovered that there were indeed little men on Mars, but concluded that since they were pretty small and didn't have weapons, they weren't worth investigating any further."[^5]

 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
 [^2]: Targ, Russell, and Harold Puthoff. "Information Transmission under Conditions of Sensory Shielding," *Nature,* vol. 251, October 18, 1974, pp. 602-607, read in the CIA Reading Room copy CIA-RDP96-00787R000100220001-8 on archive.org. Marks, David, and Richard Kammann. "Information Transmission in Remote Viewing Experiments," *Nature,* vol. 274, 1978, pp. 680-681; quoted from Puthoff, Targ, and Tart, "Information Transmission in Remote Viewing Experiments: II," with Tart, "Reanalysis of SRI Remote Viewing Experiments," submitted to *Nature,* January 1979, CIA-RDP96-00787R000200090017-5, archive.org mirror.
-[^3]: Targ, Russell. "Remote Viewing at Stanford Research Institute in the 1970s: A Memoir," *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 77-88, reprinted from Targ and Katra, *Mind-to-Mind* (1996); read in a Wayback Machine copy of the journal's PDF.
-[^900]: *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^901]: Snyder, Harry L., and Arlene G. Snyder. *Summary and Critical Evaluation of Research in Remote Viewing,* Report RV-79-1, final technical report, contract 77F104420, Systemetrics, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, June 1, 1979, parts 1 and 2, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100440001-9 and CIA-RDP96-00787R000100260003-2. The sponsor of the contract is not named in the report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Marks, David F. "Remote Viewing Revisited." *Skeptical Inquirer,* vol. 6, no. 4, Summer 1982, pp. 18-29. https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/1982/07/22165420/p20.pdf
+[^3]: *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^4]: Snyder, Harry L., and Arlene G. Snyder. *Summary and Critical Evaluation of Research in Remote Viewing,* Report RV-79-1, final technical report, contract 77F104420, Systemetrics, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, June 1, 1979, parts 1 and 2, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100440001-9 and CIA-RDP96-00787R000100260003-2. The sponsor of the contract is not named in the report. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Marks, David F. "Remote Viewing Revisited." *Skeptical Inquirer,* vol. 6, no. 4, Summer 1982, pp. 18-29. https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/1982/07/22165420/p20.pdf
+[^5]: Targ, Russell. "Remote Viewing at Stanford Research Institute in the 1970s: A Memoir," *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 77-88, reprinted from Targ and Katra, *Mind-to-Mind* (1996); read in a Wayback Machine copy of the journal's PDF.
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,252 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# People Index
-
-This is the master index for all people in The Info Web. Each category below is auto-generated using Dataview queries — pages are automatically included based on their `category` frontmatter field.
-
-To recategorize someone, edit their page's frontmatter `category` field. To add a new category, create a new `MOC - [Category].md` file following the same pattern.
-
---
-
-## Key Figures
-Central figures in the U.S. government's investigations into psychic phenomena and remote viewing.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Key Figures"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Psychics & Remote Viewers
-Individuals known for psychic abilities, remote viewing, or participation in psi research.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Scientists & Researchers
-Physicists, biologists, parapsychologists, and other researchers.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Scientists & Researchers"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Skeptics & Critics
-Magicians, scientists, and writers who debunk or criticize paranormal claims.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Skeptics & Critics"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Intelligence & Government
-CIA, DIA, NSA officials, politicians, diplomats, arms dealers, and intelligence operatives.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Intelligence & Government"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Military
-Military officers and defense officials.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Military"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## PROMIS Scandal
-Central figures in the PROMIS/INSLAW software scandal.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "PROMIS Scandal"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Iran-Contra
-Central figures in the Iran-Contra affair and October Surprise.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Iran-Contra"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## BCCI Scandal
-Central figures in the BCCI banking scandal.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "BCCI Scandal"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Organized Crime
-Mobsters, cartel leaders, and figures in international criminal networks.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Organized Crime"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Authors & Journalists
-Writers and journalists covering intelligence, parapsychology, or related topics.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Authors & Journalists"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Philanthropists & Benefactors
-Individuals who funded parapsychology research and related programs.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Philanthropists & Benefactors"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Law Enforcement & Legal
-Police, detectives, prosecutors, lawyers, and judges.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Law Enforcement & Legal"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## UFO & Anomalous Phenomena
-Individuals central to UFO/UAP research and disclosure.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "UFO & Anomalous Phenomena"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Nuclear Scientists & Programs
-Scientists and officials central to nuclear weapons development and policy.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Nuclear Scientists & Programs"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## World War II & Nazi Era
-Figures from the WWII and Nazi era, including occultists.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "World War II & Nazi Era"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Belgium Scandals
-Figures involved in Belgian political and criminal scandals.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Belgium Scandals"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## JFK Assassination
-Figures connected to the assassination of President Kennedy.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "JFK Assassination"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Uncategorized
-People needing further categorization.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Other"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
---
-
-## Stats
-
-```dataview
-TABLE length(rows) AS Count
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category
-GROUP BY category
-SORT length(rows) DESC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# AI & Effective Altruism
-
-Figures of the effective-altruism, rationalist, longtermist, and AI-safety movements and the artificial-intelligence labs and funders that grew out of them.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "AI & Effective Altruism"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Authors & Journalists
-
-Writers, reporters, and journalists who have covered intelligence, parapsychology, or related topics.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Authors & Journalists"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# BCCI Scandal
-
-Central figures in the BCCI (Bank of Credit and Commerce International) banking scandal.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "BCCI Scandal"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Belgium Scandals
-
-Figures involved in Belgian political and criminal scandals, including the Dutroux affair.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Belgium Scandals"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Business & Finance
-
-Executives, financiers, bankers and business families whose dealings with intelligence agencies, governments or the vault's scandals are documented here without their holding office themselves.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Business & Finance"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Intelligence & Government
-
-CIA, DIA, NSA officials, politicians, diplomats, arms dealers, and intelligence operatives.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Intelligence & Government"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Iran-Contra
-
-Central figures in the Iran-Contra affair and October Surprise.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Iran-Contra"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/Assassination.md
+++ b/Assassination.md
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# JFK Assassination
-
-Figures connected to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "JFK Assassination"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Key Figures
-
-Central figures in the U.S. government's investigations into psychic phenomena and remote viewing.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Key Figures"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Law Enforcement & Legal
-
-Police, detectives, prosecutors, lawyers, and judges involved in related cases.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Law Enforcement & Legal"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Military
-
-Military officers and defense officials.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Military"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# New Right
-
-Figures of the new right, neoreaction, accelerationism, and the dissident and race-realist intellectual milieu connected to the Thiel network.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "New Right"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Nuclear Scientists & Programs
-
-Scientists and officials central to nuclear weapons development, proliferation, and policy.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Nuclear Scientists & Programs"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Organized Crime
-
-Mobsters, cartel leaders, gangsters, and figures in international criminal networks.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Organized Crime"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# PROMIS Scandal
-
-Central figures in the PROMIS/INSLAW software scandal and related investigations.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "PROMIS Scandal"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Philanthropists & Benefactors
-
-Individuals who funded parapsychology research and related programs.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Philanthropists & Benefactors"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Psychics & Remote Viewers
-
-Individuals known for psychic abilities, remote viewing, or participation in psi research as test subjects.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Psychics & Remote Viewers"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Scientists & Researchers
-
-Physicists, biologists, parapsychologists, and other researchers involved in psi or related scientific fields.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Scientists & Researchers"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Skeptics & Critics
-
-Magicians, scientists, and writers who have debunked or criticized paranormal and psi claims.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Skeptics & Critics"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/Technologists.md
+++ b/Technologists.md
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Technologists
-
-Technology founders, executives, investors, and engineers in the Silicon Valley, Thiel-network, and AI-lab orbit documented in this vault.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Technologists"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# UFO & Anomalous Phenomena
-
-Individuals central to UFO/UAP research, disclosure, and related government programs.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "UFO & Anomalous Phenomena"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/Uncategorized.md
+++ b/Uncategorized.md
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Uncategorized
-
-People who need further categorization.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "Other"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PEOPLE/DATAVIEW
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# World War II & Nazi Era
-
-Figures from the World War II and Nazi era, including occultists and scientists.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "10 - PEOPLE"
-WHERE category = "World War II & Nazi Era"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
--- a/INDIVIDUALS.md
+++ b/INDIVIDUALS.md
--- a/Journalists.md
+++ b/Journalists.md
@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Authors & Journalists
-
-Writers, reporters, and journalists who have covered intelligence, parapsychology, or related topics.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Andy Furillo]] | Andy Furillo was a Los Angeles Times police beat reporter who wrote the first national press story about crack cocaine in November 1984, documenting the explosion of rock houses in South Central Los Angeles. |
-| [[Barbara Durr]] | Financial Times stringer in Peru who became involved in Ari Ben-Menashe's mission to secure rare minerals for Israel's nuclear program. |
-| [[Bill Moyers]] | Bill Moyers is an American journalist and former government official. |
-| [[Bill Turner]] | Turner later admitted to police that he met with Casolaro but initially refused to specify the time or describe the contents of the papers. |
-| [[Charles L. Bartlett]] | American newspaper columnist and close friend of JFK who recounted Kennedy's meetings with Jewish leaders regarding Middle East policy. |
-| [[Craig Unger]] | In July 1992, *The Village Voice* printed a long article by Unger that quoted Moshe Hebroni, a former colleague of Ben-Menashe, confirming Ben-Menashe's access to very sensitive material while working for the Foreign Flow desk in External Relations. |
-| [[Dan Moldea]] | In *Dark Victory*, Moldea famously labeled MCA as 'The Octopus' due to its extensive and often illicit connections. |
-| [[Don Thrasher]] | Thrasher also learned about Rod Sinclair, Jr.'s education in Japan and his later work in Army C.I.D.. |
-| [[Doyle McManus]] | Los Angeles Times Washington bureau chief who played a central role in spreading a 1984 CIA leak about Sandinista drug trafficking and later led the Times' refutation of Contra drug trafficking allegations. |
-| [[Gary Sick]] | Former Carter administration adviser on Iran and author of October Surprise, examining evidence of a Reagan-Khomeini secret deal to delay hostage release. |
-| [[Gary Webb]] | Investigative reporter for the San Jose Mercury News whose 1996 Dark Alliance series exposed links between CIA-backed Contras, Nicaraguan cocaine traffickers, and the crack explosion in Los Angeles. |
-| [[Georg Hodel]] | Swiss freelance journalist based in Managua who located Norwin Meneses in a Nicaraguan prison and uncovered court files documenting his drug trafficking for the Contras, playing a critical role in the Dark Alliance investigation. |
-| [[Henry R. Myers]] | House Subcommittee on Energy specialist who spent nearly fifteen years promoting intelligence claims about Israeli nuclear diversion via NUMEC. |
-| [[Jacques Bergier]] | Jacques Bergier was a journalist, former French resistance spy, and author with strong ties to the intelligence community and an interest in the supernatural. |
-| [[Jeffrey Steinberg]] | Writer for Executive Intelligence Review who documented a 1991 interview with attorney Allan Boyak detailing Robert Booth Nichols' drug trafficking and CIA-connected activities. |
-| [[Jerry Ceppos]] | Executive editor of the San Jose Mercury News who initially championed the Dark Alliance series before publishing a column describing shortcomings in the reporting, effectively ending the investigation. |
-| [[Jerry Goldberg]] | Goldberg's article mentioned the 'Queen's Accident' and threats received by individuals who spoke out against the sheriff and district attorney. |
-| [[Jesse Katz]] | Los Angeles Times reporter who covered Ricky Ross and the L.A. crack trade extensively, attempting to scoop Gary Webb's Dark Alliance investigation before publication. |
-| [[Jonathan Kwitny]] | Investigative journalist and author of The Crimes of Patriots, which documented Michael Hand's escape from Australia after Nugan Hand Bank collapsed. |
-| [[Joseph Russoniello]] | Joseph Russoniello was the U.S. attorney in San Francisco whose cozy relationship with the CIA coincided with the decision not to prosecute Norwin Meneses for drug trafficking in spring 1985. |
-| [[Malcolm Klein]] | Malcolm Klein was a USC sociologist who, with colleague Cheryl Maxson, conducted the first scientific study of the early Los Angeles crack market in 1985, documenting the proliferation of rock houses and street gang involvement. |
-| [[Martha Honey]] | Martha Honey was a New York Times stringer in Costa Rica who pursued the Contra drug story and was placed under FBI surveillance for her reporting. |
-| [[Nick Schou]] | Nick Schou was a journalist who uncovered documentary evidence of former CIA Deputy Director William Nelson's employment at Fluor Corporation, contradicting the company's denials. |
-| [[Pazit Ravina]] | Israeli journalist who confirmed that Ari Ben-Menashe had access to highly sensitive intelligence information in her 1992 Davar articles. |
-| [[Peter D. Stockton]] | Chief investigator for congressional subcommittees who relayed intelligence community suspicions about Israel's nuclear program to journalists. |
-| [[Raji Samghabadi]] | After the Iranian Revolution, Samghabadi was arrested by the Mullahs, accused of being a CIA spy and a Tudeh Party member. |
-| [[Rosie Nimrodi]] | Iraqi Jewish researcher in New York and distant relative of Yaacov Nimrodi who leaked the Oliver North story to journalists. |
-| [[Sarah McClendon]] | McClendon had alerted authorities that Wilcher was missing. |
-| [[Seth Rosenfeld]] | San Francisco Examiner reporter whose 1986 investigative stories exposed the Frogman Case Contra drug connections and Norwin Meneses's cocaine trafficking network. |
-| [[Thomas Gates]] | Gates conducted a wiretap of MCA under the supervision of U.S. |
-| [[Tony Avirgan]] | Tony Avirgan was an ABC cameraman and husband of journalist Martha Honey who was placed under FBI surveillance while investigating Contra drug trafficking in Costa Rica. |
-| [[Walter Pincus]] | Washington Post national security reporter who led the newspaper's attack on the Dark Alliance series and had a documented history as a CIA operative and propagandist during the Cold War. |
--- a/Scandal.md
+++ b/Scandal.md
@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# BCCI Scandal
-
-Central figures in the BCCI (Bank of Credit and Commerce International) banking scandal.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[A. R. (Abdul Raouf) Khalil]] | Khalil was one of the nominees used by Abedi to secretly purchase shares in CCAH, the holding company that owned First American Bank. |
-| [[Abbas Gokal]] | Chairman of the Gulf Group shipping empire, BCCI's largest debtor, convicted at the Old Bailey in 1997 and sentenced to fourteen years. |
-| [[Abdur Sakhia]] | BCCI's senior officer in the United States, who testified in 1991 on BCCI's control of First American and its courting of drug money. |
-| [[Abdus Sami]] | Senior BCCI officer whose January 1978 memo to Abedi set out the nominee scheme for Financial General Bankshares. |
-| [[Abu Dhabi Investment Authority]] | Abu Dhabi's sovereign investment institution, a BCCI shareholder from 1980. |
-| [[Agha Hasan Abedi]] | Agha Hasan Abedi was a Pakistani financier who founded the BCCI in 1972, with the intention of creating the Third World's first multinational bank. |
-| [[Amjad Awan]] | Amjad Awan was a manager of BCCI Panama and later the bank's marketing manager for Latin America and the Caribbean. |
-| [[Arif Durrani]] | Arif Durrani was a Pakistani arms dealer convicted of illegally providing HAWK antiaircraft missile parts to Iran. |
-| [[Asaf Ali]] | Asaf Ali is a Pakistani multimillionaire and arms dealer, closely associated with Agha Hasan Abedi and the BCCI. |
-| [[BCCI Kerry-Brown Senate Report]] | The December 1992 Senate report "The BCCI Affair." |
-| [[Bert Lance]] | Lance gained prominence as Jimmy Carter's budget director but later resigned due to a congressional investigation into financial improprieties. |
-| [[Bingham Report]] | Lord Justice Bingham's 1992 inquiry into the Bank of England's supervision of BCCI. |
-| [[Capcom]] | BCCI's London and Chicago commodities affiliate, used for treasury losses and money laundering, including Noriega's. |
-| [[Charles Saphos]] | Charles Saphos was the Chief of the Criminal Division Narcotics section of the Justice Department. |
-| [[Clark Clifford]] | Clark Clifford was a prominent American attorney and government official who advised Democratic presidents since Truman. |
-| [[Credit and Commerce American Holdings]] | Netherlands Antilles holding company through which BCCI's nominees held First American. |
-| [[David L. Paul]] | Paul put CenTrust on a significant growth curve using brokered deposits, which he funneled into high-risk real estate loans, junk bonds, and offbeat investments. |
-| [[Donald Regan]] | Donald Regan served as the Treasury Secretary during the Reagan Administration. |
-| [[Douglas Mulholland]] | Douglas Mulholland was the intelligence liaison at the Treasury Department. |
-| [[Eddie George]] | Eddie George was the Deputy Governor of the Bank of England. |
-| [[Eugene Holley]] | Eugene Holley was a former Georgia state senator who introduced Bert Lance to Agha Hasan Abedi. |
-| [[Faisal Saud al-Fulaij]] | Kuwaiti BCCI nominee shareholder in the First American takeover, indicted in New York in 1992. |
-| [[Gerald Lewis]] | Gerald Lewis was the Florida state comptroller who refused to renew BCCI's license to operate in the state after the 1990 Tampa money-laundering conviction. |
-| [[Ghaith R. Pharaon]] | Pharaon launched himself into the construction business in Saudi Arabia in 1965, founding Saudi Arabian Research and Development Corporation (REDEC). |
-| [[Ghanim Faris al-Mazrui]] | Ghanim Faris al-Mazrui was the Head of Sheikh Zayed's Private Department and a BCCI board member. |
-| [[Ghassan Qassem]] | Manager of BCCI's Sloane Street branch who reported on Abu Nidal's accounts to British and American intelligence. |
-| [[Gokal brothers]] | The Gokal brothers, Abbas Gokal, Murtaza Gokal, and Mustafa Gokal, were Pakistani businessmen who ran the Gulf Group, a London-based shipping company. |
-| [[Gulf Group]] | The Gokal brothers' shipping group, BCCI's largest borrower. |
-| [[Hank Brown]] | Senator from Colorado, ranking member of the Kerry subcommittee and co-author of its BCCI report. |
-| [[Henry B. Gonzalez]] | Chairman of the House Banking Committee, which held BCCI hearings in 1991. |
-| [[ICIC]] | BCCI's Cayman "bank within a bank," code-named "Fork" in the Sandstorm Report. |
-| [[Jack Blum]] | Former Senate investigator and chief counsel to Senator John Kerry's Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics, and International Operations, widely recognized for exposing the BCCI scandal and investigating Contra-connected drug trafficking. |
-| [[James Callaghan]] | James Callaghan, also known as Lord Callaghan, was a former British prime minister who served as a paid economic adviser to the BCCI. |
-| [[James Dougherty]] | James Dougherty was a Florida lawyer for Lloyd's of London who investigated Munther Ismael Bilheisi and the BCCI. |
-| [[John Kerry]] | Senator from Massachusetts who chaired the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Narcotics, and International Operations, investigating both BCCI and links between the Contras and cocaine trafficking with findings that were systematically suppressed. |
-| [[Joseph E. Vaez]] | In February 1978, Vaez submitted a report on the BCCI that characterized it as a bank dangerously out of control. |
-| [[Kamal Adham]] | Kamal Adham was the former head of Saudi Arabian intelligence and brother-in-law of the late King Faisal. |
-| [[Kerry Committee]] | The Senate Foreign Relations subcommittee under John Kerry that investigated BCCI from 1988 to 1992. |
-| [[Khalfan al-Mazrui]] | Khalfan al-Mazrui was the Head of the Karachi office of Sheikh Zayed's Private Department. |
-| [[Masihur Rahman]] | Masihur Rahman was the former chief financial officer of BCCI. |
-| [[Mohammed Hammoud]] | Lebanese BCCI front man who bought Clifford and Altman's First American stock and was reported dead in 1990. |
-| [[Munther Ismael Bilheisi]] | Munther Ismael Bilheisi was an expatriate Jordanian involved in coffee smuggling, arms dealing, customs violations, money laundering, and paying bribes and kickbacks. |
-| [[Nazir Chinoy]] | BCCI's general manager in Paris, a Tampa defendant, who described Khashoggi's Iran arms financing. |
-| [[Operation C-Chase]] | United States Customs sting of 1986-88 that led to BCCI's 1990 money laundering conviction in Tampa. |
-| [[Price Waterhouse]] | BCCI's auditors, authors of the 1991 Sandstorm Report. |
-| [[Richard Brenneke]] | October Surprise source who provided BCCI and Iran-Contra documents to Danny Casolaro through Bob Bickel. |
-| [[Richard J. Kerr]] | Acting Director of Central Intelligence who testified before Senator John Kerry's subcommittee on October 25, 1991, that CIA use of BCCI was "limited and routine." |
-| [[Robert Altman]] | Robert Altman was a prominent American lawyer and banker, known for his close association with Clark Clifford and his involvement in the BCCI scandal. |
-| [[Robert Mazur]] | Customs agent who, as "Robert Musella," was the undercover operative of Operation C-Chase. |
-| [[Robert Morgenthau]] | Robert Morgenthau was the Manhattan district attorney known for his integrity and persistence in exposing government and business corruption. |
-| [[Robert Mueller]] | Robert Mueller was the head of the Justice Department's criminal division. |
-| [[Robin Leigh-Pemberton]] | Robin Leigh-Pemberton served as the Governor of the Bank of England. |
-| [[Roy P. M. Carlson]] | Carlson was a key figure in the early relationship between Bank of America and BCCI. |
-| [[Sami Masri]] | Sami Masri was a BCCI operative. |
-| [[Sandstorm Report]] | Price Waterhouse's June 1991 Section 41 report that preceded BCCI's closure. |
-| [[Sani Ahmed]] | Sani Ahmed was a key figure in the BCCI, serving as the head of its protocol department in Pakistan before moving to Washington, D.C. |
-| [[Serious Fraud Office]] | British prosecutor of BCCI's treasury chief Akbar (1993) and debtor Abbas Gokal (1997). |
-| [[Swaleh Naqvi]] | Swaleh Naqvi was the chief operating officer of BCCI, taking over after Agha Hasan Abedi's 1988 heart attack. |
-| [[Syed Ziauddin Ali Akbar]] | Head of BCCI's treasury and creator of Capcom, whose 1993 guilty plea was the first conviction arising from the collapse. |
-| [[Three Rivers District Council v Bank of England]] | Twelve-year suit by BCCI's liquidators against the Bank of England, abandoned in 2005. |
-| [[William Ryback]] | William Ryback was the Deputy Director of Banking Supervision at the Federal Reserve. |
-| [[William von Raab]] | United States Commissioner of Customs, told by his officials in 1988 that BCCI officers were indictable under RICO. |
-| [[Zafar Iqbal]] | Zafar Iqbal took over as head of BCCI in late 1990, after the firing of Agha Hasan Abedi and Swaleh Naqvi. |
-| [[Zayed bin Sultan AL-Nahayan]] | Zayed bin Sultan AL-Nahayan was the Head of Abu Dhabi's ruling family and president of the United Arab Emirates. |
--- a/Scandals.md
+++ b/Scandals.md
@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
-updated: 2026-09-22
---
-# Belgium Scandals
-
-Figures involved in Belgian political and criminal scandals, including the Dutroux affair.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Aldous Huxley]] | Aldous Huxley (1894–1963) was a renowned English writer and philosopher, best known for his dystopian novel *Brave New World*. |
-| [[Annie Bouty]] | Brussels lawyer specializing in foreigners' law and partner of Jean-Michel Nihoul, who co-founded the legal-aid association Cadreco in 1985, was convicted of breach of trust in 1989 and of fraud in 1997, and testified as a witness at the 2004 Dutroux trial. |
-| [[Anthony Pasciuto]] | Anthony Pasciuto was the Deputy Director of the Executive Office of U.S. |
-| [[Armand Van Ghysegham]] | Armand Van Ghysegham was a book publisher operating under the name Aba-Vangh and the owner of two esoteric bookstores in Brussels, Belgium. |
-| [[Barbara Honegger]] | Former Reagan White House aide and author of October Surprise, who alleged Monzer Al-Kassar's heroin smuggling network was used to launder NATO arms stocks for diversion to Iran. |
-| [[Baron Benoit de Bonvoisin]] | Baron Benoit de Bonvoisin served as a director of Societe Generale de Banque (also referred to as 'Society General'), which was described as 'the largest financial firm in the country' (Belgium). |
-| [[Bernard Weinstein]] | French national and accomplice of Marc Dutroux, owner of the blue Ford Fiesta seen in 1995 surveillance of Dutroux, whose body was found at Dutroux's Sars-la-Buissière property; Dutroux was convicted of his murder in 2004. |
-| [[Carine Dellaert]] | Carine Dellaert was a Belgian woman whose 1983 death was investigated as part of the X-Dossier. |
-| [[Christine Van Hees]] | Brussels teenager whose burned body was found in 1984 at a disused mushroom farm in Auderghem; the case was reopened in 1996 on the testimony of the witness X1 and never solved. |
-| [[Claude Thirault]] | Claude Thirault, a petty criminal, assisted Marc Dutroux in 1993 with renovations to a basement at Dutroux's Marcinelle residence, transforming it into a hidden dungeon designed for imprisoning kidnapped girls. |
-| [[Daniel Waillez]] | Daniel Waillez, a Belgian pornographer, was involved in the production and distribution of child pornography through the Toro Bravo company during the 1990s. |
-| [[Dino A. Brugioni]] | Brugioni recalled seeing the first signs of what would become the Israeli nuclear reactor at Dimona. |
-| [[Eefje Lambrecks]] | Nineteen-year-old from Hasselt abducted with An Marchal on the Belgian coast on the night of August 22, 1995, after a hypnosis show; their bodies were found under a shed at Jumet on September 3, 1996. |
-| [[Gerrit-Jan Ulrich]] | Gerrit-Jan Ulrich was a German computer technician and child trafficker who played a pivotal role in the international child pornography distribution network known as the Apollo Bulletin Board Service. |
-| [[Gina Pardaens-Bernaer]] | Gina Pardaens-Bernaer was a Belgian activist and member of the Morkhoven Workgroup who played a crucial role in exposing international child trafficking networks in the 1990s. |
-| [[Harry Jones]] | Harry Jones was an Assistant U.S. |
-| [[Jean Manuel Vuillaume]] | Jean Manuel Vuillaume was a Belgian pornographer who headed Toro Bravo, a child pornography production company based in Bogota, Colombia. |
-| [[Jean-Claude Van Espen]] | Brussels investigating judge of the 1980s and reopened 1997 inquiries into the murder of Christine Van Hees, who suspended the X1 investigators' work in 1997 and was reported to have ties to Nihoul. |
-| [[Jean-Louis Delamotte]] | Jean-Louis Delamotte, a Belgian businessman, served as the manager of Achats Services Commerces (ASCO), a company owned by Michel Nihoul and involved in fraud and vehicle supply during the 1990s. |
-| [[Jean-Marc Connerotte]] | Neufchâteau investigating judge in the Dardenne and Delhez abductions who freed both girls in August 1996, opened the hotline that led to witness X1, and was removed from the Dutroux file in October 1996 by the 'spaghetti ruling.' |
-| [[Jean-Michel Nihoul]] | Brussels swindler, sex-party regular and gendarmerie informant charged in 1996 as Marc Dutroux's link to a network; acquitted of the kidnappings in 2004 and jailed for drug trafficking. |
-| [[Jean-Paul Dumont]] | Jean-Paul Dumont, a Belgian lawyer, represented various figures in legal matters during the 1980s and 1990s, including connections to the X-Dossier investigation into child abuse networks. |
-| [[Joseph Douce]] | Belgian-born former Protestant pastor in Paris and founder of the Centre du Christ Libérateur, under surveillance by the Renseignements Généraux when two men posing as police abducted him on July 19, 1990; he was found strangled in the Rambouillet forest. |
-| [[Julie Lejeune]] | Eight-year-old abducted with Melissa Russo at Grâce-Hollogne on June 24, 1995, by Marc Dutroux; the two starved in his Marcinelle cellar and their bodies were found at Sars-la-Buissière on August 17, 1996. |
-| [[Katrien de Cuyper]] | Katrien de Cuyper was a Belgian girl whose 1991 disappearance was linked to the Marc Dutroux network through testimony in the X-Dossier. |
-| [[Laetitia Delhez]] | Fourteen-year-old abducted at Bertrix on August 9, 1996, whose abduction led, through a witness's memory of three digits of a license plate, to the arrest of Marc Dutroux on August 12. |
-| [[Marc Dutroux]] | Marc Dutroux, born November 6 1956, operated as a Belgian child trafficker and serial killer whose 1996 arrest exposed connections to international pedophile networks. |
-| [[Marcel Vervloesem]] | Marcel Vervloesem operated as a Belgian private investigator and activist affiliated with the Morkhoven Workgroup, an NGO dedicated to exposing child exploitation networks across Europe during the 1990s. |
-| [[Marleen De Cokere]] | Brussels companion of Jean-Michel Nihoul, arrested on September 24, 1996, as the twelfth suspect in the Dutroux investigation and described by police as part of its 'inner ring.' |
-| [[Melchior Wathelet]] | Belgian Christian Social minister of justice who signed Marc Dutroux's conditional release on April 6, 1992, over the Mons prosecutor-general's objection, and whom the parliamentary commission held responsible for its lax follow-up; judge at the European Court of Justice from 1995 to 2003. |
-| [[Melissa Russo]] | Eight-year-old abducted with Julie Lejeune near her family's house at Grâce-Hollogne on June 24, 1995; she starved in Marc Dutroux's cellar and her body was found at Sars-la-Buissière on August 17, 1996. |
-| [[Michel Bourlet]] | King's prosecutor at Neufchâteau in the Dutroux case, whose telephone was placed under surveillance during a leak inquiry and who was told in October 1997 by the Liège prosecutor-general to stop speaking to the press and the victims' parents. |
-| [[Michel Forgeot]] | Michel Forgeot founded Achats Services Commerces (ASCO), a company involved in fraud and vehicle supply during the 1990s. |
-| [[Michel Lelievre]] | Accomplice of Marc Dutroux, arrested with him on August 12, 1996, convicted at Arlon in 2004 of abducting An Marchal, Sabine Dardenne and Laetitia Delhez, sentenced to 25 years and released on conditions in December 2019. |
-| [[Michel Piro]] | Charleroi bar and small-zoo owner, shot dead in December 1996 after telling many people he had revelations on the Julie and Mélissa case; his wife was convicted of ordering the killing. |
-| [[Paul Vanden Boeynants]] | Christian Social prime minister of Belgium in 1966-68 and 1978-79 and defense minister, convicted of tax evasion in the 1980s and kidnapped by the Patrick Haemers gang in January 1989; named by the witness X1 in the X-Dossier. |
-| [[Philip White]] | Philip White was the Director of International Affairs for the Criminal Division of the DOJ. |
-| [[Philippe Carpentier]] | Philippe Carpentier, a former Belgian justice ministry official, served as a director in the Ministry of Justice during the 1980s and 1990s, including roles in prison administration. |
-| [[Rasti Rostelli]] | Rasti Rostelli was a hypnotist whose stage show preceded the kidnapping of An Marchal and Eefje Lambrecks by Marc Dutroux. |
-| [[Regina Louf]] | Ghent woman who, as the anonymous witness X1 in the Dutroux inquiry, described childhood prostitution and murders at elite parties; prosecutors closed the related files in April 1998. |
-| [[Robbie Van Der Plancken]] | Robbie Van Der Plancken was a Belgian national who began as a child prostitute working for Lothar Glandorf and later 'graduated to become an exploiter himself' in the European child trafficking and pornography network. |
-| [[Robert Jan Warmerdam]] | Robert Jan Warmerdam operated as a transvestite prostitute in Amsterdam, Netherlands, providing testimony that linked child trafficking networks to the Marc Dutroux case and the Apollo Bulletin Board Service during the late 1990s. |
-| [[Roger Boas]] | Roger Boas, a Belgian industrialist, owned ASCO Industries NV, an aerospace company in Zaventem near Brussels, implicated in the X-Dossier for alleged snuff film production. |
-| [[Sabine Dardenne]] | Twelve-year-old from the Tournai area abducted by Marc Dutroux on May 27, 1996, and freed from his Marcinelle cellar with Laetitia Delhez on August 15, 1996. |
-| [[Thomas Stanton]] | Thomas Stanton was the Director of the Executive Office of U.S. |
-| [[Tony Van den Boggaert]] | Family friend of Regina Louf (witness X1) who, her parents told police, had a key to their home and access to their twelve-year-old daughter, and who admitted his relationship with her to police. |
--- a/Government.md
+++ b/Government.md
@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Intelligence & Government
-
-CIA, DIA, NSA officials, politicians, diplomats, arms dealers, and intelligence operatives.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Abdul Majeed Shoman]] | Chairman of Arab Bank Limited in Amman who communicated with FIDCO regarding a multi-billion-dollar fund to reconstruct Lebanon, connecting Middle Eastern finance to the PROMIS network. |
-| [[Abu Nidal]] | Palestinian terrorist and target of Israeli intelligence operations, connected to the Achille Lauro attack and arms trafficking networks. |
-| [[Abul Abbas]] | Palestinian terrorist involved in the 1985 Achille Lauro attack, which was allegedly an Israeli black propaganda operation. |
-| [[Adolfo Calero]] | Longtime CIA agent and former Coca-Cola bottling plant manager in Managua who was selected by the CIA in 1983 to lead the political wing of the FDN and worked closely with Oliver North. |
-| [[Alan Fiers]] | Alan Fiers was a former CIA official who ran the Contra program for several years and explained how arms brokers used fraudulent end-user certificates from intermediary countries to divert weapons to the Contras. |
-| [[Alan Garcia]] | President of Peru who declared martial law in Ayacucho in 1980 due to the growing influence of the Shining Path Maoist terrorist group. |
-| [[Amin Gamayel]] | Gamayel received a letter from George K. |
-| [[Andres Rodriguez]] | After the coup, Rodriguez became the President of Paraguay and continued to rule the country with the blessing of the U.S. |
-| [[Anthony Eden]] | Anthony Eden was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1955 to 1957. |
-| [[Anthony Pearson]] | According to Mossad files, Pearson could also arrange assassinations for $50,000, splitting the fee with a hit man recruited in Louisiana. |
-| [[Anwar Sadat]] | He was informed by the Soviets about Israel's attitude towards a comprehensive peace settlement in the Middle East, following Golda Meir's meeting with Leonid Brezhnev in 1972. |
-| [[Ardeshir Zahedi]] | Iranian ambassador to the U.S. who served as a key intelligence source for Israel, reporting on American Middle East policy to the Shah. |
-| [[Ari Ben-Menashe]] | Ben-Menashe moved to Israel in 1966 at age 14. |
-| [[Baruch Bar Lev]] | Colonel Baruch Bar Lev was a former Israeli military attaché in Uganda. |
-| [[Bashir Gemayel]] | Elected president of Lebanon after the 1982 Israeli invasion; reportedly on the CIA payroll and assassinated before taking office. |
-| [[Brad Kenneth Spafford]] | Brad Kenneth Spafford was born in 1988. |
-| [[Carlos Icaza]] | Nicaraguan attorney and son-in-law of General Edmundo Meneses who served as Adolfo Calero's personal lawyer and was publicly accused by the Sandinistas of being a CIA agent involved in a foiled plot to poison Nicaragua's foreign minister. |
-| [[Charles de Gaulle]] | Charles de Gaulle was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II and later founded the Fifth Republic, serving as its first President from 1959 to 1969. |
-| [[Charles Lucet]] | Charles Lucet was a senior French foreign ministry official who served as deputy ambassador in Washington D.C. |
-| [[Christopher Busch]] | Christopher Busch was the son of Harold Lee Busch, an Executive Financial Director at General Motors, and was a convicted pedophile tied to Francis Shelden and the North Fox Island network. |
-| [[Cindy Hanin Bentov]] | Cindy Hanin Bentov (a pseudonym) was a Mossad agent. |
-| [[Dennis Ainsworth]] | San Francisco Contra supporter and Republican activist who discovered the FDN's cocaine trafficking connections and alerted the FBI, only to be ignored. |
-| [[Dewey Clarridge]] | Chief of the CIA Latin American Division from 1981 to 1984 who oversaw the creation of the Contra project, recruited Contra leaders including Eden Pastora, and was later indicted for perjury during the Iran-Contra investigation. |
-| [[Dick Wilson]] | Associated with Wackenhut Corporation who worked alongside Robert Frye on ventures connected to Robert Booth Nichols. |
-| [[Don Sinicco]] | Italian-American pharmaceutical salesman who founded USACA, a San Francisco Contra support group, at the request of Adolfo Calero. |
-| [[Donna Hamilton]] | U.S. consul general in Peru who enlisted Ari Ben-Menashe to secure the release of Cynthia McNamara, an American citizen jailed on Shining Path-related charges. |
-| [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] | Eisenhower authorized a daring reconnaissance program, primarily targeting the Soviet Union, and assigned the development of the revolutionary U-2 Spy Plane jointly to the CIA and the Air Force. |
-| [[Eden Pastora]] | Former Sandinista war hero known as Commandante Zero who became commander of the ARDE Southern Front Contra army in Costa Rica, was put on the CIA payroll, and eventually broke with the agency over drug trafficking. |
-| [[Enrique Miranda]] | Former Sandinista intelligence officer who became a CIA double agent and DEA informant, serving as Norwin Meneses's right-hand man and providing detailed testimony about the Ilopango drug pipeline. |
-| [[Ephraim Evron]] | Ephraim Evron, also known as Effy Evron, was an Israeli diplomat who served as the Israeli ambassador to Washington D.C.. |
-| [[Eugene Hasenfus]] | Former Air America cargo handler who survived the shootdown of a CIA-contracted C-123K over Nicaragua, exposing the Ilopango Contra supply operation and CIA involvement. |
-| [[Ezer Weizman]] | Israeli Defense Minister under Begin who negotiated the SIMWA wartime alliance with South Africa and later became President of Israel. |
-| [[Faissal Ghows]] | In December 1980, Ghows delivered $56 million to Ari Ben-Menashe in Guatemala. |
-| [[Federico Vaughn]] | Alleged Sandinista aide shown by President Reagan loading drugs onto an aircraft, who evidence suggests was actually a U.S. double agent working for the CIA. |
-| [[Felix Rodriguez]] | Felix Rodriguez was a CIA agent and Bay of Pigs veteran who oversaw Oliver North's Contra resupply operation at Ilopango Air Force Base under the alias "Max Gomez. |
-| [[Fernando Sanchez]] | Former Nicaraguan ambassador to Guatemala and the FDN's representative in that country during the Contra war, identified by the FBI in 1982 as one of the cocaine suppliers to the Contra drug operation in San Francisco and brother of FDN officials Aristides and Troilo Sanchez. |
-| [[Frances T. Fox]] | His involvement with FIDCO placed him among a group of influential individuals with ties to government and intelligence, including Robert Maheu, Michael A. |
-| [[Francisco Aviles]] | U.S.-educated Nicaraguan lawyer and CIA asset who worked closely with the CIA in Costa Rica funneling funds to Contra organizations and was directly involved in the San Francisco Frogman case. |
-| [[Frank Carlucci]] | Carlucci's connections extended into the intelligence community, with Harold Okimoto reportedly working under his auspices for years. |
-| [[Fred Hitz]] | CIA Inspector General whose 1998 investigation and congressional testimony revealed the agency's secret 1982 agreement with the Justice Department exempting CIA assets from drug crimes reporting. |
-| [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] | **Rise to Power and Pan-Arab Vision** |
-| [[George K. Pender]] | Pender played a significant role in FIDCO's activities in Lebanon. |
-| [[Gerald G. Oplinger]] | Aide to National Security Advisor Brzezinski present at the White House situation room meeting responding to the 1979 Vela satellite nuclear test detection. |
-| [[Gerald R. Ford]] | In late 1976, at the end of his tenure as President, Henry A. |
-| [[Guy Mollet]] | Guy Mollet was a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 1956 to 1957. |
-| [[Harry S. Truman]] | 33rd U.S. President who declined Israeli military offers during the Korean War, reportedly fearing a binding security arrangement with Israel. |
-| [[Herbert Alwyn Smith]] | Convicted British arms dealer acting for the CIA who offered Ari Ben-Menashe $2 million and U.S. citizenship for his silence. |
-| [[Hermann F. Eilts]] | U.S. Ambassador to Egypt during the Yom Kippur War era who later disclosed that Kissinger withheld information about Israeli nuclear arming until a final meeting in late 1976. |
-| [[Howard Baker]] | Baker was on the MCA board from January 4, 1985, to March 2, 1987, when he resigned to accept the position of chief of staff to President Ronald Reagan. |
-| [[Hugo Chavez]] | Venezuelan President and ally of ousted Honduran president Manuel Zelaya who opposed the 2009 Honduras coup. |
-| [[Hushang Lavi]] | Iranian Jewish arms dealer recruited by Mossad who coordinated the October 1980 Washington meeting on hostage release negotiations. |
-| [[Idi Amin]] | Relations between Israel and Uganda deteriorated after Col. |
-| [[Iran Najd Rankuni]] | Tehran contact for the Hashemi brothers, head of the Dervish movement, and son-in-law of future Iranian president Rafsanjani. |
-| [[Isabelle Pettie]] | Isabelle Pettie was a CIA employee and the late wife of Marion Pettie, the leader of The Finders. |
-| [[Ivan Gomez]] | Pseudonym of a Venezuelan CIA contract agent who handled logistics on the Southern Front for the Contras, identified by Carlos Cabezas as the conduit for drug money from the Meneses organization to the Contras. |
-| [[Jack Varona]] | Assistant Deputy Director of the DIA for technical affairs who headed the U.S. delegation at a 1979 Israel-U.S. intelligence exchange. |
-| [[Jimmy Carter]] | 39th U.S. President who led nuclear nonproliferation efforts against South Africa, provided Israel KH-11 satellite access, and oversaw early psychic research funding. |
-| [[John Hull]] | John Hull was a CIA operative whose ranch in northern Costa Rica served as a training area and weapons depot for Contra forces and a transit point for drug flights. |
-| [[John Knight]] | London-based arms dealer who ran Dynavest Limited, supplying weapons from Yugoslavia to Palestinian groups via Mohammed Radi Abdullah. |
-| [[John Vandewerker]] | Former CIA officer who employed Richard Wilker and knew of his weapons business activities with Ronald Lister in El Salvador. |
-| [[Jonathan King]] | Jonathan King was a former BBC Radio One DJ and associate of Chris Denning who became implicated in investigations into BBC pedophile rings. |
-| [[Joris Demmink]] | Joris Demmink was a senior Dutch justice official who served as Secretary General of the Ministry of Justice of the Netherlands from 2002 until his resignation in 2012. |
-| [[Jose Guillermo Garcia]] | Salvadoran defense minister linked to death squad activities who received Pyramid International's security proposal in 1982. |
-| [[Joseph Fernandez]] | Joseph Fernandez was the CIA's Costa Rican station chief who oversaw Contra operations on the Southern Front, was heavily involved in illegal activities, and was later fired and indicted. |
-| [[Joseph Kelso]] | Former CIA and Customs Service informant who uncovered evidence of DEA corruption in Costa Rica, was beaten and deported, and had his evidence destroyed by Oliver North's network. |
-| [[Joseph McCarthy]] | U.S. Senator known for his anti-communist crusade and frequent visits to Clint Murchison's Hotel Del Charro alongside Nixon and Hoover. |
-| [[Kenneth A. Roe]] | Under Roe's leadership, Burns & Roe, Inc. |
-| [[Kermit Roosevelt]] | CIA officer who orchestrated the 1953 coup that restored the Shah of Iran to power after the overthrow of Mohammed Mossadegh. |
-| [[Leon Brittan]] | Leon Brittan was the Secretary of the Home Office under Margaret Thatcher who received a dossier from MP Geoffrey Dickens in 1983 containing allegations about members of parliament and the Queen's royal staff being part of a VIP pedophile ring with ties to the Pedophile Information Exchange (PIE). |
-| [[Leonid Brezhnev]] | In 1972, Brezhnev met with Golda Meir, then Prime Minister of Israel, in Finland. |
-| [[Luis Posada Carriles]] | Veteran CIA agent and terrorist with a documented history of drug trafficking who ran day-to-day Contra resupply operations at Ilopango Air Force Base under the alias Ramon Medina. |
-| [[Lyndon B. Johnson|Lyndon Johnson]] | As Senate Majority Leader, Johnson made Bobby Baker his secretary of the Senate Democrats in 1955, referring to Baker as 'my strong right arm, the last man I see at night, the first I see in the morning.' A major scandal brewed around Baker in the autumn of 1963, involving numerous questionable deal |
-| [[Manuel Noriega]] | Military dictator of Panama who simultaneously served as a CIA asset and facilitated Colombian drug trafficking, was ousted by U.S. invasion in 1989, and had his 40-year sentence reduced to 10 years after former CIA officials testified on his behalf. |
-| [[Manuel Zelaya]] | Zelaya was ousted by a coup allegedly designed by General Daniel Lopez Carballo and Romeo Vásquez Velásquez, both friends of Jimmy Hughes. |
-| [[Marcos Aguado]] | CIA-trained Nicaraguan pilot who managed drug trafficking logistics for Norwin Meneses and Eden Pastora, later became a colonel in the Salvadoran Air Force at Ilopango. |
-| [[Marion Pettie]] | Marion Pettie was the leader of The Finders, a group that law enforcement and researchers have described as a commune or cult operating in the Washington D.C. |
-| [[Mark W. Everson]] | Mark Whitty Everson was born September 10, 1954 in NYC, NY. |
-| [[Marta Stroessner]] | Daughter of General Andres Rodriguez and daughter-in-law of Paraguayan dictator Alfredo Stroessner, linking two prominent Latin American authoritarian dynasties. |
-| [[Mary Quick]] | Her nephew, Brian Weiss, who had been living at her house in Fresno, was a business associate of Michael Riconosciuto. |
-| [[McGeorge Bundy]] | McGeorge Bundy served as the National Security Advisor to President John F. |
-| [[Michael A. McManus]] | McManus played a role in FIDCO's activities in Lebanon. |
-| [[Michael Del Gaizo]] | Operator of Northstar Graphics in New Jersey, under FBI investigation for extortion, insider trading, and narcotics in connection with MCA. |
-| [[Michael Hand]] | After his first tour in Vietnam, Hand moved to the clandestine CIA war in Laos, according to Ted Shackley, a former station chief in Indo-China. |
-| [[Mir Hossein Mousavi]] | Iranian Prime Minister with ties to CIA agent Ghorbanifar who sought to open a second channel for arms sales alongside Rafiqdoost. |
-| [[Mohammed Jalali]] | Colonel Mohammed Jalali was the Defense Minister of Iran. |
-| [[Mohammed Mossadegh]] | Iranian Prime Minister overthrown in 1953 with CIA help after nationalizing oil, leading to the Shah's restoration to power. |
-| [[Mohsen Rafiqdoost]] | Iranian minister for the Revolutionary Guards aligned with Prime Minister Mousavi who sought to open a second arms-sales channel to Iran. |
-| [[Moises Nunez]] | Moises Nunez was a Cuban CIA agent who managed Frigorificos de Puntarenas while simultaneously dealing drugs and running covert maritime operations against the Sandinistas. |
-| [[Mordecai Gur]] | Mordecai Gur was the Israeli military attaché. |
-| [[Mordechai Tsippori]] | Director general of the Israeli Ministry of Defense who in 1980 authorized Israel to develop a hydrogen bomb for testing. |
-| [[Moshe Sharett]] | Moshe Sharett was the second Prime Minister of Israel, serving from 1954 to 1955. |
-| [[Nachum Admoni]] | Acting and later full Director of Mossad who served on the Iran-Israel Joint Committee for supplying arms to Iran during the Iran-Iraq War. |
-| [[Neil Purcell]] | Former Laguna Beach police chief who hired Ronald Lister and described him as a manipulative person who loved living on the edge. |
-| [[Nikolai Bulganin]] | Nikolai Bulganin was a Soviet politician who served as the Premier of the Soviet Union from 1955 to 1958. |
-| [[Octaviano Cesar]] | Octaviano Cesar was a CIA asset and former social director of Norwin Meneses's VIP nightclub in Managua who arranged drug deals with Colombian trafficker George Morales to fund Eden Pastora's Contra army. |
-| [[Olof Palme]] | Prime Minister of Sweden whose government was involved in military equipment sales to Iran through Israel before refusing to continue. |
-| [[P.W. Botha]] | Prime Minister and State President of South Africa who forged a wartime alliance with Israel and publicly hinted at nuclear weapons capability after the 1979 VELA satellite detection. |
-| [[Patrick J. Parker]] | Deputy assistant secretary of defense for intelligence who assessed Soviet intentions during the 1973 Yom Kippur War nuclear alert. |
-| [[Paul Wormeli]] | Paul Wormeli was the Vice President in charge of Product Development for Simeon, Inc., a company that was purchased by Hadron in 1982. |
-| [[Peter W. Rodman]] | Longtime assistant to Henry Kissinger present during sensitive meetings with Israeli officials during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. |
-| [[Pinhas Lavon]] | Pinhas Lavon was an Israeli politician who served as Defense Minister. |
-| [[Rachel Begley]] | Begley's efforts led to Detective John Powers at the Riverside Sheriff's Department being assigned to the cold-case file in 2007. |
-| [[Rafael Eitan]] | Rafael Eitan, also known as 'Rafi the stinker,' was an ambitious Israeli clandestine operative and a crony of Ariel Sharon. |
-| [[Reuben Yirador]] | Colonel Reuben Yirador was a department commander in Unit 8200, an Israeli Signals Intelligence (Sigint) unit. |
-| [[Reuven Yerdor]] | Reuven Yerdor, also known as Rudi, was an accomplished linguist and a senior officer in Israel's Detachment 515 (later redesignated Detachment 8200), which is in charge of signals intelligence and code-breaking. |
-| [[Richard Helms|Richard M. Helms]] | Helms also came to a personal conclusion that Israel was funneling American satellite information to the Soviet Union, repeatedly telling his deputies and aides that he was convinced Israel was an 'open pipeline for pumping intelligence to Moscow. |
-| [[Richard Nixon]] | Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. |
-| [[Richard Wilker]] | Former CIA agent who served as technical director for Pyramid International Security Consultants' weapons operations in El Salvador. |
-| [[Robert Chasen]] | Chasen supervised the Wackenhut Corporation's Indio facility from Coral Gables, Florida. |
-| [[Robert Garder Terrell]] | Robert Garder Terrell was an employee of Future Enterprises and a member of The Finders who was let go from the group in February 1987. |
-| [[Robert Maheu]] | Maheu's connections extended to organized crime figures, as he was involved in CIA operations to assassinate Fidel Castro in 1960. |
-| [[Robert Maxwell]] | Maxwell is connected to the PROMIS Software Scandal via allegations of his involvement in the international distribution of the PROMIS software. |
-| [[Robert McFarlane]] | Robert McFarlane served as Ronald Reagan's national security adviser and in January 1985 advised FDN leader Adolfo Calero that it might be time to consider cutting losses on the Contra project. |
-| [[Robert Owen]] | Oliver North's courier in Central America whose phone number was found aboard a drug-seized Contra supply plane. |
-| [[Robert W. Komer]] | National Security Council staff member during the Kennedy administration who observed internal tensions over Israeli influence on U.S. Middle East policy. |
-| [[Roberto D'Aubuisson]] | Salvadoran army major and ARENA party leader who ran death squads during El Salvador's civil war, linked to weapons deals with Ronald Lister's operations. |
-| [[Roberto Micheletti]] | Honduran congressional leader installed as president after the 2009 coup against Manuel Zelaya, connected to Jimmy Hughes and the FGBMFI network. |
-| [[Rodolfo Stange]] | In September 1988, Ari Ben-Menashe met with Stange in Chile to discuss Cardoen's chemical trade with Iraq. |
-| [[Roger Morris]] | Historian and former NSC staffer who documented connections between Barry Seal's drug operations at Mena, Arkansas and the CIA. |
-| [[Ronald Lister]] | Former police officer who became Danilo Blandón's partner in cocaine trafficking and weapons dealing through Pyramid International Security Consultants, with suspected CIA connections. |
-| [[Samuel W. Lewis]] | U.S. ambassador to Israel present at the pivotal 1981 Reagan White House meeting where Begin and Sharon proposed a sweeping U.S.-Israeli strategic alliance. |
-| [[Sarcis Sargalian]] | American arms dealer of Lebanese-Armenian extraction involved in supplying military equipment to Iraq alongside Ihsan Barbouti. |
-| [[Scott Weekly]] | Former Navy SEAL and weapons expert known as "Dr. Death" who was Ronald Lister's CIA contact and participated in covert operations for the NSC and State Department while connected to the Blandon drug investigation. |
-| [[Shahpour Bakhtiar]] | After the Shah's departure from Iran in January 1979, Bakhtiar proved unable to function effectively. |
-| [[Simcha Dinitz]] | Simcha Dinitz was the Israeli ambassador to Washington D.C. |
-| [[Spurgeon M. Keeny, Jr.]] | Deputy director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency who was troubled by what he saw as deliberate manipulation of the 1979 Vela nuclear test assessment. |
-| [[Terry Reed]] | Former Air Force intelligence officer who helped the CIA set up weapons manufacturing fronts in Arkansas and Mexico for the Contras. |
-| [[Thomas Dowling]] | Fake Catholic priest and Contra activist who received $73,000 from Oliver North and Adolfo Calero for domestic propaganda operations. |
-| [[Uri Lubrani]] | Uri Lubrani was a former Israeli ambassador to Iran. |
-| [[Vicente Rappaccioli]] | CIA asset based in Costa Rica who was one of the leaders of UDN-FARN and directly involved in the 1983 Frogman cocaine case but was never charged. |
-| [[Walter Grasheim]] | New York weapons dealer and U.S. military contractor raided by DEA agent Celerino Castillo, who was found with embassy plates, C-4 explosives, and a massive weapons cache. |
-| [[Walter Stoessel Jr.]] | U.S. Ambassador to Moscow exposed to the Soviet microwave Moscow Signal at the American embassy, later dying of leukemia along with two predecessors. |
-| [[Walter W. Jenkins]] | President Lyndon Johnson's most trusted aide whose 1964 arrest led to discovery of a private cash cache from pro-Israel fundraiser Abraham Feinberg. |
-| [[Werner Tony Asmar]] | Asmar was killed in a bomb explosion at his office in east Beirut on May 26, 1988. |
-| [[William B. Bader]] | Assistant deputy under secretary of defense for policy in 1979 who was frustrated by Israel's unauthorized access to KH-11 satellite intelligence. |
-| [[William J. Casey]] | CIA director under Ronald Reagan who launched the Contra war, negotiated the secret 1982 agreement exempting CIA assets from drug crimes reporting, authorized the KH-11 intelligence-sharing review with Israel, and protected Contra-connected drug traffickers. |
-| [[William M. Pender]] | His involvement with FIDCO placed him among a group of influential individuals with ties to government and intelligence, including Robert Maheu, Michael A. |
-| [[William Nelson]] | William Nelson was the CIA's deputy director of operations from 1973 to 1976, overseeing all covert operations worldwide, and later became vice president for security at Fluor Corporation where he met with Ronald Lister during the early 1980s. |
-| [[William S. Cohen]] | During his time in the Senate, Christopher Mellon served as a key advisor to Cohen. |
-| [[Yekutiel Adam]] | General Yekutiel Adam was an Israeli military leader who was in line to take over as Director of Mossad in 1981. |
-| [[Yitzhak Shamir]] | Israeli Prime Minister and former LEHI member who authorized intelligence sharing with the Soviet Union and oversaw covert arms deals with Iran and the Iran-Israel Joint Committee. |
-| [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]] | Brzezinski dismissed suggestions from Prime Minister Begin that the U.S. |
--- a/Iran-Contra.md
+++ b/Iran-Contra.md
@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Iran-Contra
-
-Central figures in the Iran-Contra affair and October Surprise.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Adnan Khashoggi]] | Khashoggi's sister, Samira Khashoggi Fayed, was the mother of Dodi Fayed, who was romantically involved with Diana, Princess of Wales. |
-| [[Adolfo Chamorro]] | Adolfo Chamorro was a Contra leader who attended weapons sales presentations arranged by Ron Lister and Danilo Blandón as part of the Contra supply network. |
-| [[Amiram Nir]] | Nir resigned from his TV job to work as a public relations adviser for Peres during the 1981 elections. |
-| [[Anastasio Somoza]] | Anastasio Somoza Debayle was the dictator of Nicaragua whose family ruled the country for forty-six years until the Sandinista revolution in July 1979, after which his dispersed National Guard officers became the founding cadre of the Contras. |
-| [[Aristides Sanchez]] | Wealthy Somoza-era landowner who became the head of supplies and logistics for the FDN, went on the CIA payroll, and allegedly served as the conduit for cocaine money from the Meneses drug ring in California. |
-| [[Avi Pazner]] | Spokesman and national security adviser to Israeli PM Yitzhak Shamir, involved in covert operations including arms sales and Iraq-related intelligence. |
-| [[Carlos Amador]] | Carlos Amador was a pilot who planned to fly into Ilopango Air Base to pick up cocaine from Hangar No. 4 and transport it to Miami, according to a DEA cable. |
-| [[Carlos Cardoen]] | Cardoen later resigned and became a private contractor, securing a deal to supply all blasting equipment to the Chilean Mining Corporation. |
-| [[Che Guevara]] | Che Guevara was the Argentine revolutionary executed in Bolivia with the participation of CIA agent Felix Rodriguez, a Bay of Pigs veteran who later managed the Contra resupply operation. |
-| [[Cyrus Hashemi]] | Iranian exile involved in secret arms sales and hostage negotiations during Iran-Contra who became a U.S. Customs informant before being found dead in London under suspicious circumstances. |
-| [[Dagoberto Nunez]] | Dagoberto Nuñez was a Cuban Bay of Pigs veteran and CIA operative who worked with Oliver North in Costa Rica and was suspected of drug trafficking. |
-| [[Daniel Ortega]] | Daniel Ortega was the Sandinista president of Nicaragua whose government the Reagan administration sought to overthrow through the Contra war and covert operations. |
-| [[David Hall]] | David Hall was an Assistant U.S. Attorney who prosecuted Rafael Cornejo and warned Gary Webb that publishing the Dark Alliance story could endanger Danilo Blandón's life. |
-| [[Donald Barrios]] | Wealthy Nicaraguan exile, FDN supporter, and relative of former president Violeta Barrios de Chamorro who introduced Norwin Meneses to Danilo Blandon and co-founded La Parrilla restaurant in Miami as a Contra gathering place. |
-| [[Edgar Chamorro]] | Edgar Chamorro was a former FDN director who publicly confirmed that Norwin Meneses was a Contra leader involved in cocaine trafficking to fund the war. |
-| [[Edgar Torres]] | Edgar Torres was one of the Nicaraguan Torres brothers who became major cocaine traffickers and key distributors for Danilo Blandón's drug network in Los Angeles. |
-| [[Edmundo Chamorro]] | Edmundo Chamorro was the deputy commander of the UDN-FARN Contra faction, described by the DEA as "well known to The Company," and was captured on Costa Rican wiretaps discussing cocaine shipments. |
-| [[Edward P. Boland]] | Edward P. Boland was the Massachusetts congressman who sponsored the Boland Amendments prohibiting U.S. military aid to the Contras. |
-| [[Edwin Corr]] | Edwin Corr was the U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador who received Celerino Castillo's reports about Contra drug trafficking at Ilopango and sent a secret cable to Washington. |
-| [[Elliott Abrams]] | Elliott Abrams was the Assistant Secretary of State who oversaw Central American policy and pressured NHAO officials to hire Oliver North's associates for Contra supply operations. |
-| [[Fawn Hall]] | Secretary to Oliver North during the Iran-Contra Affair and daughter of Robert McFarlane's secretary Wilma Hall. |
-| [[Felipe Vidal]] | Felipe Vidal was a CIA contract agent who proposed creating a private army in Costa Rica to fight the Sandinistas, exemplifying the freelance military operations supporting the Contra war. |
-| [[Felix Saborio]] | Dr. Felix Saborio was a Nicaraguan pediatrician and childhood friend of Danilo Blandón who served as Eden Pastora's representative to the Cuban community, media liaison, and ARDE fundraiser. |
-| [[Fernando Chamorro]] | Commander of UDN-FARN, an early Contra faction based in Costa Rica, a former Sandinista whose army included Cuban-American drug traffickers, and who was approached by Norwin Meneses about hauling cocaine. |
-| [[Frank Arana]] | Frank Arana was an FDN director who flew to San Francisco with Edgar Chamorro in 1982 to establish the Contra support network in California. |
-| [[George Cave]] | In February 1989, Cave was spotted in Paraguay with Earl Brian, visiting Gen. |
-| [[Gunther Karl Russbacher]] | Wilcher was working daily for Russbacher and wanted to ask Janet Reno, the new Attorney General, to grant immunity from prosecution to Russbacher so that he might testify to the government about activities inside the CIA. |
-| [[Hashemi brothers]] | The Hashemi brothers were a trio of Iranian brothers living in the West who claimed to have connections in Iran with Ahmed Khomeini, the son of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. |
-| [[Henry Grunwald]] | Editor-in-chief of Time magazine who vetoed publication of the North-Nir story that later became known as the Iran-Contra Affair. |
-| [[Hugo Spadafora]] | Dr. Hugo Spadafora was a Panamanian revolutionary doctor and Contra fighter who was tortured and decapitated in September 1985 while attempting to publicly expose Manuel Noriega's cocaine trafficking operations with the Contras. |
-| [[Jacinto Torres]] | Jacinto Torres was one of the Nicaraguan Torres brothers who managed the East Los Angeles cocaine distribution hub for Danilo Blandón's trafficking network. |
-| [[Jamshid Hashemi]] | One of the Hashemi brothers, involved in secret arms sales to Iran and later became an informant for U.S. Customs. |
-| [[John Tower]] | After the Iran-Contra Affair scandal broke, Tower was appointed to head a presidential commission of inquiry into the affair. |
-| [[Jorge Ochoa]] | Jorge Ochoa was a leader of the Medellín Cartel who controlled the Miami cocaine market and was approached by a DEA agent to implicate the Sandinistas in drug trafficking. |
-| [[Jose Macario]] | Exiled Nicaraguan judge and FDN operative who became Danilo Blandon's business partner and immigration lawyer in Miami, helping arrange travel papers for Contra soldiers while investing drug profits in legitimate businesses. |
-| [[Juan Matta Ballesteros]] | Juan Matta Ballesteros was Honduras's biggest drug trafficker whose air cargo company SETCO was the principal transportation provider for the Contra army. |
-| [[Juan Rafael Bustillo]] | Juan Rafael Bustillo was the Salvadoran Air Force commander who provided hangar space at Ilopango Air Base for Felix Rodriguez's Contra resupply operation. |
-| [[Julio Bonilla]] | FDN coordinator in San Francisco who connected Contra supporters with the organization's leadership. |
-| [[Lawrence Pezzullo]] | Lawrence Pezzullo was the U.S. ambassador to Nicaragua who negotiated with Anastasio Somoza during the final days of his regime, assuring him the United States was willing to preserve the National Guard. |
-| [[Mario Calero]] | Mario Calero was the brother of FDN leader Adolfo Calero who operated air cargo companies used for Contra supply missions and cocaine smuggling. |
-| [[Mark Thatcher]] | In 1983, Thatcher introduced Gerald Bull to Gen. |
-| [[Mehdi Bazargan]] | First prime minister of revolutionary Iran under Khomeini who sought to normalize relations with the U.S. before being ousted by extremists. |
-| [[Menachem Schneerson]] | Large amounts of money were funneled through his institutions to Drexel Burnham, a brokerage house where Michael Milken built his junk-bond fortune. |
-| [[Michael Milken]] | Large amounts of money from the arms sales to Iran were funneled through American banks and held at Drexel Burnham, contributing to Milken's firm's stature and its ability to underwrite huge quantities of junk bonds. |
-| [[Michael Palmer]] | Michael Palmer was a Detroit drug dealer whose aviation company received U.S. government contracts for Contra supply missions despite the CIA knowing he was a narcotics trafficker. |
-| [[Miles Copeland]] | Retired CIA officer who helped restore the Shah in 1953 and later gathered anti-Carter CIA veterans during the Iranian hostage crisis. |
-| [[Mohammed Radi Abdullah]] | Colonel Mohammed Radi Abdullah was a former colonel in the Jordanian Army. |
-| [[Monzer Al-Kassar]] | Allegations suggest that the CIA was protecting Al-Kassar's operation because he was cooperating with efforts to free U.S. |
-| [[Oliver North]] | Marine lieutenant colonel and National Security Council staff member who ran the illegal Contra resupply operation from the White House, central figure in the Iran-Contra Affair implicated in drug trafficking, arms dealing, and obstruction of justice. |
-| [[Ora Ben-Shalom]] | After the deaths of Freddie and Herut (Ari Ben-Menashe's daughter), Ora and Ari Ben-Menashe began a relationship in late 1986, eventually living together in Jerusalem. |
-| [[Orlando Murillo]] | Nicaraguan economist and former Central Bank official under Somoza who laundered cocaine proceeds for Danilo Blandón through banks in Panama and Miami. |
-| [[Pablo Escobar]] | Pablo Escobar was the leader of the Medellín Cartel who allegedly made a deal with Vice President George Bush's administration and whose cocaine empire supplied Contra-connected trafficking networks. |
-| [[Reza Hashemi]] | Iranian arms dealer and one of the Hashemi brothers involved in secret arms sales and hostage negotiations related to Iran-Contra. |
-| [[Ricardo Lau]] | Ricardo Lau was a former Nicaraguan National Guard intelligence officer who co-founded the FDN Contra army and served as its death squad leader and chief torturer. |
-| [[Robert Owen|Rob Owen]] | Rob Owen was Oliver North's courier and liaison to the Contra leadership who reported on drug trafficking by Contra supply companies. |
-| [[Robert Parry]] | American investigative journalist who broke early stories on Contra drug trafficking, produced Frontline documentaries on Iran-Contra, and argued the CIA's secret agreement with Justice was designed to protect narcotics traffickers. |
-| [[Roger Mayorga]] | Roger Mayorga was a former Sandinista intelligence officer who headed criminal investigations for the Nicaraguan National Police narcotics unit and monitored Norwin Meneses for years. |
-| [[Ronald Lister|Ron Lister]] | Ron Lister was a former Laguna Beach police officer who became Danilo Blandón's partner in drug trafficking and weapons procurement, claiming high-level CIA connections. |
-| [[Sandra Smith]] | Sandra Smith was a DEA agent who filed an affidavit in 1981 documenting Norwin Meneses's involvement in cocaine trafficking, years before the Frogman Case. |
-| [[Socrates Sofi-Perez]] | Socrates Sofi-Perez was a Cuban Bay of Pigs veteran and DEA informant who described the Contra drug trafficking scheme at Ilopango Air Base to Celerino Castillo. |
-| [[Spencer Oliver]] | Chief counsel for the House Foreign Relations Committee involved in Iran-Contra hearings, later admitting the hearings were a cover-up. |
-| [[Stephen Trott]] | Stephen Trott was the Associate Attorney General who intervened to reduce the sentence of Contra-connected drug trafficker José Bueso Rosa. |
-| [[Sun-Myung Moon]] | Sun Myung Moon was the Korean religious leader whose Unification Church had connections to the Contra support network through its anti-Communist political activities. |
-| [[Timothy Phelps]] | Middle East correspondent for Newsday who received early details of the Iran-Contra story from Ari Ben-Menashe. |
-| [[Uri Simchoni]] | Brigadier General Uri Simchoni was a member of the Iran-Israel Joint Committee. |
-| [[William Colby]] | William Colby was a former CIA director who was William Nelson's mentor and oversaw earlier CIA covert operations that set precedents for the Contra war. |
-| [[William Downing]] | William "Bill" Downing was Ronald Lister's partner in the Mundy Security Group who designed a laser sighting device for AR-15 assault rifles and was involved in procuring weapons sold to Danilo Blandón and crack dealers in Los Angeles. |
-| [[William French Smith]] | William French Smith was the U.S. Attorney General who signed the secret 1982 Memorandum of Understanding with CIA director William Casey that exempted CIA assets from drug crimes reporting. |
-| [[Wilma Hall]] | Secretary to Robert McFarlane at the NSC and mother of Fawn Hall who helped expose McFarlane's contacts with Rafi Eitan. |
--- a/Assassination.md
+++ b/Assassination.md
@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# JFK Assassination
-
-Figures connected to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Bobby Baker]] | On October 8, 1963, Baker was forced to resign as a Senate investigation into his outside business activities began to reveal numerous questionable deals. |
-| [[Robert Kennedy]] | Robert Kennedy was an American politician who served as Attorney General during his brother John F. |
--- a/Figures.md
+++ b/Figures.md
@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Key Figures
-
-Central figures in the U.S. government's investigations into psychic phenomena and remote viewing.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Albert Stubblebine]] | Major General Albert Stubblebine was a U.S. |
-| [[Andrija Puharich]] | Henry Karel “Andrija” Puharich (1918–1995) was a prominent American physician, research scientist, and parapsychologist who became a central figure in the U.S. |
-| [[Bart Cox]] | Division chief at SRI who oversaw early psi research by Hal Puthoff and Russell Targ, including experiments with Uri Geller. |
-| [[Bill O'Donnell]] | This incident, where Ingo Swann and Pat Price accurately described the NSA facility despite being given coordinates for O'Donnell's cabin, became known as the Sugar Grove incident. |
-| [[Carl E. Duckett]] | Duckett became the recipient of intelligence on Israel's nuclear program, which was routed to his office from sources like Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos through the CIA's Office of Science and Technology. |
-| [[Charlie Rose]] | U.S. Congressman from North Carolina who chaired the House Intelligence Evaluation Subcommittee and was a staunch advocate of the Grill Flame remote viewing program. |
-| [[Claiborne Pell]] | Claiborne Pell (1918–2009) was a powerful Democratic Senator from Rhode Island and a ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. |
-| [[Dale Graff]] | Graff's interest in psi phenomena stemmed from a personal experience in 1968, where he had a profound out-of-body experience while caught in a rip current. |
-| [[Don Curtis]] | Don Curtis is the pseudonym Jim Schnabel gave a Lawrence Livermore physicist who, with his wife, saw a hovering one-armed man in a gray suit after the group's Geller tests. |
-| [[Don Porter]] | Don Porter was an official with INSCOM at Arlington Hall. |
-| [[Ed Rogers]] | Ed Rogers was the chief of Staff D (later known as the Office of SIGINT Operations) at the CIA, an office specializing in small-scale signals intelligence (SIGINT) collection. |
-| [[Edmund Thompson]] | Major General, U.S. Army ACSI 1977-1981, key early supporter of the Grill Flame remote viewing program. |
-| [[Frederick Atwater]] | Frederick Holmes “Skip” Atwater was born in Glendale, California, growing up in a house with land, dogs, cats, a goat, and a donkey. |
-| [[Garrison Rapmund]] | Garrison Rapmund was a Major General and the Assistant Surgeon General of the U.S. |
-| [[Hal Puthoff]] | American engineer and parapsychologist who led the SRI remote viewing program and later served as chief scientist for AATIP studying UAP. |
-| [[Harry Soyster]] | Major General Harry Soyster was the INSCOM commander who ultimately ended the U.S. |
-| [[Ingo Swann]] | Ingo Douglas Swann—born with just one N—was not far from the stereotypical image of the psychic. |
-| [[Itzhak Bentov]] | Itzhak Bentov was an Israeli rocket scientist, biomedical engineer, and author known for his work on 'the mechanics of consciousness.' He designed Israel's first rocket for the War of Independence and invented the steerable cardiac catheter, which paved the way for many biomedical engineering invent |
-| [[Jack Vorona]] | Jack Vorona was the Assistant Director for Scientific and Technical Intelligence at the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and served as the overall manager of the Grill Flame program. |
-| [[Jake Stewart]] | In September 1979, Stewart brought Hal Puthoff and Skip Atwater satellite photographs of a large industrial facility at the port of Severodvinsk in northern Russia. |
-| [[Jim Salyer]] | Jim Salyer was a deputy to Dale Graff at the DIA. |
-| [[Joe McMoneagle]] | Joe McMoneagle was a U.S. |
-| [[John B. Alexander]] | Lieutenant Colonel John B. |
-| [[Kenneth A. Kress]] | Kress was the lead analyst assigned to the operation involving Pat Price's Remote Viewing of URDF-3, a highly classified Soviet research and development facility in Kazakhstan. |
-| [[Kit Green]] | Christopher 'Kit Green' was a CIA analyst and neurophysiologist in the Life Sciences Division. |
-| [[Lincoln D. Faurer]] | Faurer's interest led him to assign the remote-viewing unit at Fort Meade a dozen new tasks in April 1982. |
-| [[Major Stone]] | Aide to Major General Edmund Thompson who served as a beacon for remote viewing sessions and brought Pentagon taskings to the unit. |
-| [[Morse Allen]] | Morse Allen was a CIA officer and a deception and polygraph expert who played a significant role in the agency's early programs investigating altered states of consciousness and truth serums. |
-| [[Moshe Dayan]] | Dayan's rise to prominence began when David Ben-Gurion appointed him as the new army chief of staff in late 1953, with the strategic aim of ensuring that Moshe Sharett's dovish views on the Arab question would not go unchallenged. |
-| [[Nick Clancy]] | Nick Clancy was a CIA officer whose job for several years had been to conduct technical penetrations of embassies in Africa, southern Europe, and the Middle East. |
-| [[Norm Everheart]] | Norm Everheart was a CIA technical operations specialist with nearly a quarter-century of service by the mid-1970s. |
-| [[Norm Everheart 1]] | Norm Everheart was a CIA technical operations specialist who served as the chief coordinator for Grill Flame taskings from the CIA's Operations Directorate. |
-| [[Pat Price]] | Pat Price was a retired police commissioner from Burbank, California, who joined the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) remote viewing program in 1973. |
-| [[Richard Helms]] | Helms personally approved the continuation and expansion of the CIA's psychic research program, initially known as the Biofield Measurements Program and later as the Paranormal Perception Research Project. |
-| [[Robert Gates]] | Robert Gates is an American government official who served as the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from 1991 to 1993. |
-| [[Ron Robertson]] | Ron Robertson was a security officer for the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). |
-| [[Russell Targ]] | Russell Targ is a physicist who, in the early 1970s, joined Hal Puthoff at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) to lead the remote viewing research program. |
-| [[Scott Carmichael]] | Scott Carmichael is a former analyst with the DIA. |
-| [[Shimshon Shtrang]] | Shimshon 'Shipi' Shtrang is best known as the long-time friend and assistant of the Israeli psychic Uri Geller. |
-| [[Shippi Strang]] | Friend and early manager of Uri Geller who encouraged his first public psychic performance in a Tel Aviv school hall in 1969. |
-| [[Sidney Gottlieb]] | Sidney Gottlieb was a CIA chemist and spymaster, notorious for his involvement in controversial programs like Project MKUltra, which explored mind control and chemical interrogation. |
-| [[Stansfield Turner]] | Stansfield Turner (1923–2018) was an American admiral who served as the DCI under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1981. |
-| [[Uri Geller]] | When Geller was ten, his parents separated, and he moved with his mother to Cyprus. |
-| [[William Colby|William E. Colby]] | Director of the CIA from 1973 to 1976 who believed Israel possessed nuclear weapons and might use them in an extreme situation. |
-| [[William Odom]] | U.S. Army Major General who succeeded Edmund Thompson as ACSI and was skeptical of the Grill Flame remote viewing program. |
-| [[William Perry]] | William Perry served as the Undersecretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. |
-| [[William Rolya]] | INSCOM commander who provided tacit support for the military's remote viewing program during the early years of the Stargate Project. |
--- a/PEOPLE/MOC
+++ b/PEOPLE/MOC
@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Law Enforcement & Legal
-
-Police, detectives, prosecutors, lawyers, and judges involved in related cases.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Alan Fenster]] | Beverly Hills defense attorney who represented Ricky Ross throughout his legal troubles, including the DEA reverse sting case. |
-| [[Alan Michael May]] | Former Northern California field director for Nixon's presidential campaign found dead in 1991 after being linked to an alleged Republican plot to bribe Iranian officials to delay hostage release. |
-| [[Allan Boyak]] | After law school, Boyak joined a Hollywood law firm and became involved in criminal defense work, representing a number of 'well placed West Coast drug traffickers.' He later moved to Utah, maintaining a part-time law practice in California. |
-| [[Arnold Burns]] | Burns and Weld submitted their resignations to President Ronald Reagan on March 29, 1988, after meeting with Howard Baker. |
-| [[Arnold Overoye]] | Overoye's 'procedure' of referring complaints directly back to local agencies was noted as a consistent practice, leading to threats, intimidation, and fear for complaining individuals in Mariposa County. |
-| [[Baruch Weiss]] | Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York who prosecuted Ari Ben-Menashe for conspiracy to sell C-130 aircraft to Iran. |
-| [[Ben Wagner]] | Wagner filed two civil rights lawsuits with the U.S. |
-| [[Brad Brunon]] | Los Angeles attorney who represented Danilo Blandón and provided firsthand observations about Contra fundraising through cocaine trafficking. |
-| [[Brian Leighton]] | Leighton's efforts against 'The Company' were significant, and he was described as the most effective person in formulating a strategy within the Justice Department to pursue this group. |
-| [[Bruce Eckerson]] | Eckerson's disclosure statements on file at the Mariposa County Courthouse indicated that he owned stock in MCA Entertainment Corporation. |
-| [[Carl Stern]] | Public relations man for Attorney General Janet Reno who interviewed Paul Wilcher about DOJ cover-up allegations from the Reagan-Bush era. |
-| [[Celerino Castillo]] | Celerino Castillo III was a DEA agent who discovered Contra drug trafficking operations at Ilopango Air Force Base in El Salvador and had his investigation repeatedly shut down by the CIA and State Department. |
-| [[Chris Cannon]] | San Francisco defense attorney for Ben Kalka who uncovered evidence that methamphetamine precursors were provided by the U.S. government. |
-| [[Chris Moore]] | Former reserve police officer and office manager for Pyramid International Security Consultants who witnessed the company's El Salvador operations firsthand. |
-| [[Chuck Jones]] | DEA agent who served as Danilo Blandón's primary handler from 1993 to 1995 and denied any knowledge of Blandón's Contra drug trafficking history during a contentious meeting with Gary Webb. |
-| [[Craig Chretien]] | DEA Special Agent in Charge of the San Diego regional office who met with Gary Webb in October 1995 in an attempt to dissuade him from publishing the Dark Alliance story, and who was later promoted to head the DEA's International Division. |
-| [[Crossan Andersen]] | Federal prosecutor in Los Angeles who took the Danilo Blandon case to the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force and described it as "a sensitive matter" involving CIA allegations. |
-| [[Daniel Garner]] | LASD Majors II deputy and court-certified money-laundering expert whose prosecution for corruption nearly exposed the Contra-CIA drug connection through documents he had seized from Ronald Lister's home in 1986. |
-| [[David Margolis]] | Margolis was the chief of the Organized Crime Strike Force at the DOJ. |
-| [[David Mayer]] | Mayer's attorney/client files reportedly contained documentary evidence from his client, Ben Kalka, regarding Kalka's business ties with Michael Riconosciuto at R & R Research, at the laboratory facilities at Hercules, California, and Dr. |
-| [[David Zornow]] | Attorney who represented Robert Maxwell and Nicholas Davies, and was part of Lawrence Walsh's prosecution team against Oliver North. |
-| [[Dexter Leitenen]] | Assistant U.S. Attorney and former Green Beret who served as legal confidant to Allan Boyak before Boyak approached the FBI about Robert Booth Nichols. |
-| [[Douglas Aukland]] | FBI agent in Riverside, California, whose walk-in informant exposed the Blandon-Meneses Contra drug connection but who was given minimal resources to investigate. |
-| [[Dr. Arthur Dahlem]] | Mariposa doctor who prescribed heavy sedatives to Roderick Sinclair, central to the Queen's Accident investigation. |
-| [[E. Lawrence Barcella, Jr.]] | Former federal prosecutor who served as chief counsel for the October Surprise Task Force investigating allegations by Ari Ben-Menashe. |
-| [[Ed Hardy]] | President of Curry Company in Yosemite National Park, closely associated with Mariposa County officials linked to local corruption. |
-| [[Eric Swenson]] | Eric Swenson was a former assistant U.S. attorney who reported Norwin Meneses's Contra drug activities to the Justice Department and stated that the CIA was fully aware of Meneses's criminal operations. |
-| [[George Vinson]] | Regional director of the Fresno FBI who was accused of refusing to investigate corruption in Mariposa County. |
-| [[Harland Braun]] | Prominent criminal defense attorney who represented Deputy Daniel Garner in the Operation Big Spender corruption trial and attempted to introduce evidence of CIA drug money laundering, resulting in a judicial gag order. |
-| [[Harry Connick]] | Harry Connick was the district attorney of Orleans Parish in New Orleans during the mid-1970s. |
-| [[Henry Hans Holthuis]] | Henry Hans Holthuis served as a Dutch district attorney during the 1990s, holding a position of significant authority within the Netherlands' judicial system. |
-| [[James L. Byrnes]] | DOJ Associate Deputy Attorney General under Arnold Burns who was alleged to have close ties to Edwin Meese and involvement in the PROMIS software conspiracy. |
-| [[James White]] | White revealed that the original CHP report on the 'Queen's accident' was sent to the State Attorney General's office (John Van de Kamp), who told his assistant to 'discard' it. |
-| [[Jerry Brown]] | California Attorney General who supported the dismissal of murder charges against Jimmy Hughes, questioned by Rachel Begley. |
-| [[Jerry Guzzetta]] | Bell Police Department narcotics detective whose personal vendetta against drug dealers led to the Torres brothers investigation, codenamed Project Sahara, which uncovered the massive Blandon-Ross cocaine network. |
-| [[John Newcomer]] | Head of the Organized Crime Strike Force in Los Angeles who advised investigator Marvin Rudnick that he was under investigation for including MCA in his organized crime probe. |
-| [[John Powers]] | Powers' investigation into the 1981 murders of Fred Alvarez, Ralph Boger, and Patricia Castro uncovered a complex web of connections involving clandestine government agents and organized crime figures. |
-| [[John Van de Kamp]] | Three consecutive grand jury foremen and Ben Wagner, an attorney representing deputies exposing corruption, sought help from Van de Kamp's office, but to no avail. |
-| [[Joseph Garofalo]] | Individual named in FBI wiretap affidavits during the investigation into organized crime influence at MCA. |
-| [[Joseph Kozenczak]] | On December 21, 1978, Joseph R. |
-| [[Ken Mattheys]] | In October 1984, Mattheys recruited private investigator Raymond Jenkins and retired FBI agent Tom Walsh from Merced to investigate Van Meter's disappearance and help him clean up the Sheriff's Department. |
-| [[Kiki Camarena]] | DEA agent Enrique "Kiki" Camarena was tortured and murdered in Mexico in February 1985, an investigation that uncovered CIA collaboration with Mexican drug cartels providing support to the Contras. |
-| [[Leonard Garment]] | Leonard Garment was a prominent Washington attorney and former aide to Richard M. |
-| [[Leonard Joy]] | Lawyer from the Legal Aid Society of New York who visited Ari Ben-Menashe in jail offering to broker a plea deal. |
-| [[LJ Oneale]] | Assistant U.S. Attorney who prosecuted Ricky Ross and represented the government in efforts to suppress evidence of Danilo Blandón's Contra connections during the trial. |
-| [[Lucky Jordan]] | Reserve deputy who reported corruption to the FBI on the same day Ron Van Meter reported to the California Attorney General's office. |
-| [[Marilyn Huff]] | Federal judge who presided over Ricky Ross's 1996 trial in San Diego, allowing the government to conduct classified testimony at sidebar and denying defense motions to obtain records about Danilo Blandón's Contra connections. |
-| [[Marvin Rudnick]] | Rudnick subsequently lost his job when he refused to drop the investigation into MCA. |
-| [[Michael DeFeo]] | DeFeo reportedly threatened Richard Stavin about talking about the circumstances of the case, or 'throwing dirt,' when Stavin quit the Organized Crime Strike Force in May 1989. |
-| [[Michael Havers]] | Sir Michael Havers served as Attorney General of the United Kingdom during the early 1980s. |
-| [[Mike Murphy]] | On July 1, 2010, Murphy requested that the case against Jimmy Hughes be dismissed under Penal Code 1385. |
-| [[Raymond Jenkins]] | Jenkins' investigation also led him to MCA (Music Corporation of America), parent company to Curry Company, where a major drug network had surfaced in Yosemite National Park. |
-| [[Richard Stavin]] | Stavin quit his job after the DOJ sealed the wiretaps and no prosecutions were pursued in the MCA organized crime investigation. |
-| [[Robert E. Coyle]] | In the civil trial that followed the 'Queen's accident,' Judge Coyle ruled that both Roderick Sinclair and the deceased Secret Service agents were at fault. |
-| [[Robert Nieves]] | DEA agent who served as Norwin Meneses's control agent in Costa Rica, was accused of drug trafficking by multiple informants, and later rose to head the DEA's International Division before joining Oliver North's company. |
-| [[Robert Sobel]] | LASD Majors I supervisor who led the Freeway Rick Task Force targeting Ricky Ross, nicknamed "El Diablo" by his detectives for his relentless work ethic and fierce demeanor. |
-| [[Robert Stutman]] | Head of the DEA's New York office who deliberately created the 1986 crack media panic by cultivating reporters to pressure Washington into taking the drug seriously. |
-| [[Ron Williams]] | Williams was the man who had tried to pull Roderick Sinclair out of the sheriff's vehicle on the day of the accident. |
-| [[Rudolph Giuliani]] | U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York involved in the Hashemi sting operation targeting Israeli intelligence arms sales to Iran. |
-| [[Sandalio Gonzalez]] | Sandalio Gonzalez was a DEA agent in Costa Rica who handled Norwin Meneses as an informant and kept him off official DEA records while Meneses continued drug trafficking operations. |
-| [[Stephan LaPalm]] | Individual in the U.S. Attorney's office in Sacramento who received trial transcripts and drug affidavits regarding the Queen's Accident, preserving evidence of possible cover-up. |
-| [[Steve Polak]] | LAPD narcotics detective who patrolled South Central Los Angeles from the earliest days of crack cocaine and developed an intense personal vendetta against Ricky Ross, ultimately planting a kilo of cocaine to frame him. |
-| [[Terry Sullivan]] | Terry Sullivan served as the lead prosecutor in the trial of serial killer John Wayne Gacy in Cook County, Illinois. |
-| [[Thomas F.X. Dunn]] | Dunn was assigned to Ben-Menashe's case pursuant to the Criminal Justice Act after Ben-Menashe had spent 75 days in jail. |
-| [[Thomas Gordon]] | LASD Major Violators detective who led the investigation into the Blandon-Ross cocaine network after receiving Jerry Guzzetta's Project Sahara reports. |
-| [[Tony Coelho]] | Coelho purchased property in partnership with one member of the Mariposa Board of Supervisors. |
-| [[Vivian L. Wagner]] | Her letter detailed the alleged corruption within the Mariposa County local government, including unlawful and corrupt activities by officials and departments, and the failure of the State Attorney General John Van de Kamp and federal agencies to investigate these allegations. |
-| [[Webster Hubbell|Webb Hubbell]] | Arkansas lawyer and associate attorney general under Clinton with connections to weapons manufacturing for the Contras and the Mena, Arkansas drug investigation. |
-| [[William Hundley]] | Hundley had recently joined Strauss's firm, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld. |
-| [[Yitzhak Kahan]] | As a result of the commission's findings, Maj. |
-| [[Yitzhak Tunic]] | Israeli lawyer who defended Michael Dennis Rohan in the 1969 El Aqsa Mosque arson case, later became Israel's state comptroller. |
--- a/Military.md
+++ b/Military.md
@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Military
-
-Military officers and defense officials.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Alvin Ash]] | Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army Retired, who helped develop PROMIS software and sat on the INSLAW advisory board at the DOJ. |
-| [[Amos Lapidot]] | Amos Lapidot was the chief of staff of the Israeli Air Force. |
-| [[Arieh Shur]] | Colonel Arieh Shur was an officer in the Israeli Defense Forces' External Relations Department. |
-| [[Ariel Sharon]] | Ariel Sharon was an Israeli General. |
-| [[David Elazar]] | David Elazar, also known as Dado, was the Chief of Staff of the Israeli Army. |
-| [[David Stern]] | Leader of LEHI (Stern Gang), a Jewish terrorist group known for its anti-British stance, succeeded by Yitzhak Shamir. |
-| [[Douglas MacArthur]] | MacArthur was the focus of a 'MacArthur-for-president' campaign in 1952, organized by H.L. |
-| [[Dr. Harry Fair]] | Fair met with Michael Riconosciuto and Robert Frye (Vice President of Wackenhut Corporation) in May 1981 at Picatinny Arsenal. |
-| [[Edmundo Meneses]] | Former Nicaraguan ambassador to Guatemala, National Guard general, and Managua police chief who was Norwin Meneses's brother and primary protector, and a probable CIA asset assassinated in Guatemala in 1978. |
-| [[Elad Peled]] | Elad Peled was an Israeli Major General and director of Israel's Defense College. |
-| [[Enrique Bermudez]] | Supreme military commander of the FDN and former Somoza military attache in Washington who was hired by the CIA in 1980 to reassemble the National Guard into a Contra fighting force, and was murdered in Managua in 1991. |
-| [[Fred L. Lander III]] | He worked as a classroom teacher, operated an independent real estate and insurance business, and held an administrative position with the Port of New York Authority. |
-| [[General Daniel Lopez Carballo]] | Lopez Carballo was identified in a Spanish publication, *Publico.es*, as the 'designer of the military strategy of the coup d'etat' that ousted President Manuel Zelaya in Honduras on June 28, 2009. |
-| [[General Rios Montt]] | Montt's military regime (1982–1983) was involved in some of the worst atrocities of Guatemala's 36-year civil war. |
-| [[Gustavo Medina]] | Former National Guard major general under Anastasio Somoza who served as the regime's counterinsurgency expert and later co-founded La Parrilla restaurant in Miami, a gathering place for Contra leaders. |
-| [[John Carrette]] | Carrette later became the Executive Vice President of FGBMFI (Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International) and helped set up Jimmy Hughes in Honduras. |
-| [[John LaMothe|John L. LaMothe]] | U.S. Army intelligence officer who authored the 1972 DIA report on Soviet psi research, spurring U.S. concerns about a 'psi gap'. |
-| [[Jonathan Pollard]] | Pollard was an unhappy child in South Bend, Indiana, tormented and beaten in grade school for being Jewish. |
-| [[Jose Rodriguez]] | Colonel Jose Rodriguez was a pilot in Paraguay, serving as the pilot for Ari Ben-Menashe during his inspection of Cardoen Industries' chemical plant. |
-| [[Pesah Melowany]] | Colonel Pesah Melowany was an officer in the Israeli Defense Forces' External Relations Department. |
-| [[Romeo Vasquez Velasquez]] | Vásquez Velásquez attended the School of the Americas (SOA/WHINSEC) at least twice, in 1976 and 1984. |
-| [[Shamsud-Din Jabbar]] | Shamsud-Din Jabbar (terrorist) was 42 when he died while performing the New Orleans Truck Attack. |
-| [[Shimon Lavee]] | Lieutenant Colonel Shimon Lavee was the branch head of the Special Assistance Branch (SIM) of the External Relations Department of the Israel Defense Forces/Military Intelligence. |
-| [[Shlomo Gazit]] | Major General Shlomo Gazit was the Director of Israeli Military Intelligence. |
-| [[Tim LaFrance]] | San Diego arms manufacturer who helped establish weapons manufacturing operations in El Salvador for the Contras through Pyramid International Security Consultants. |
-| [[Yoel Ben-Porat]] | Colonel Yoel Ben-Porat, known as Buffy, was the unit commander of Unit 8200, an Israeli Signals Intelligence (Sigint) unit. |
--- a/Programs.md
+++ b/Programs.md
@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Nuclear Scientists & Programs
-
-Scientists and officials central to nuclear weapons development, proliferation, and policy.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Abraham Feinberg]] | Abraham Feinberg was a wealthy New York businessman and ardent advocate of statehood for Israel. |
-| [[Abraham Sourassi]] | Abraham Sourassi was a senior Israeli engineer at Dimona, responsible for building the reprocessing plant. |
-| [[Aharon Katchalsky]] | Aharon Katchalsky, later known as Aharon Katzir, was a specialist in the electrolytic properties of chain molecules and a pioneer researcher in the related field of muscle-powered robotics. |
-| [[Alexander M. Haig, Jr.]] | Secretary of State under President Reagan who was present at high-command meetings following Israel's 1981 bombing of the Iraqi Osirak nuclear reactor. |
-| [[Algie A. Wells]] | Director of international affairs for the AEC in 1958 who believed U.S. officials could have learned about Israel's Dimona reactor earlier. |
-| [[Allen Dulles]] | Allen Dulles served as the Director of the CIA from 1953 to 1961. |
-| [[Amos Deshalit]] | Amos Deshalit was a prominent Israeli physicist who headed the physics division at the Weizmann Institute of Science. |
-| [[Andrew J. Goodpaster]] | U.S. Army General who served as military aide to Presidents Eisenhower and Nixon and was involved in diplomatic exchanges regarding Israel's Dimona nuclear facility. |
-| [[Arthur C. Lundahl]] | Lundahl played a crucial role in the U-2 Spy Plane program, becoming the American government's most listened-to briefing officer. |
-| [[Arthur Krock]] | Arthur Krock was a prominent Washington columnist for the *New York Times*. |
-| [[Aviem Sella]] | Colonel Aviem Sella was an Israeli Air Force officer and a nuclear targeting expert who was implicated in the Jonathan Pollard espionage case, where he worked with Pollard to obtain intelligence from the U.S. |
-| [[Avraham Harman]] | Avraham Harman was the Israeli ambassador to the United States. |
-| [[Bertrand Goldschmidt]] | Bertrand Goldschmidt was a French nuclear chemist who served during World War II with American nuclear researchers, becoming an expert in the chemistry of plutonium and plutonium extraction. |
-| [[Binyamin Blumberg]] | Binyamin Blumberg was a former military intelligence officer handpicked by Shimon Peres to direct the Office of Special Tasks, a new intelligence agency created to provide security for Israel's burgeoning nuclear operation at Dimona. |
-| [[Bourke B. Hickenlooper]] | Conservative Republican Senator who accused Israel of lying about its secret nuclear reactor at Dimona during a closed 1961 Senate session. |
-| [[Bruce Williams]] | Bruce Williams was a U.S. |
-| [[Carl Kaysen]] | Carl Kaysen is a distinguished political economist who served as deputy assistant to the President for national security affairs. |
-| [[Caspar Weinberger]] | Caspar Weinberger served as the Secretary of Defense under President Ronald Reagan. |
-| [[Chapman Pincher]] | Chapman Pincher was a British journalist known for his close ties to the British intelligence and nuclear communities. |
-| [[Charles N. Van Doren]] | Deputy general counsel of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency who believed Israel was the Achilles heel of U.S. nonproliferation policy. |
-| [[Christian A. Herter]] | Secretary of State under Eisenhower who confronted Israel and France over the Dimona nuclear reactor after being shown photographic evidence. |
-| [[Christian Pineau]] | Christian Pineau was a French politician who served as Foreign Minister. |
-| [[Daniel Ellsberg]] | Daniel Ellsberg was an American activist and former military analyst who famously leaked the Pentagon Papers to the *New York Times* in 1971. |
-| [[David Ben-Gurion]] | David Ben-Gurion, often referred to as the 'Old Man,' was a central figure in the establishment of Israel and served as its first Prime Minister and Defense Minister from 1948 to 1963, with one brief interlude. |
-| [[David E. Long]] | State Department Middle East expert who revealed that Israeli nuclear intelligence was treated as a strictly taboo subject within the U.S. bureaucracy. |
-| [[David Lowenthal]] | David Lowenthal was one of the initial stockholders in the Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation (NUMEC). |
-| [[Donald M. Kerr|Donald M. Kerr, Jr.]] | Acting director of defense programs at the Department of Energy who directed the Nuclear Intelligence Panel study of the 1979 Vela satellite flash, concluding it was a nuclear bomb. |
-| [[Edward Teller]] | Edward Teller was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who is widely known as the 'father of the hydrogen bomb.' He and other American nuclear weapons designers understood well before the end of World War II that a far more powerful nuclear device, with fission as merely a first step, was theo |
-| [[Eugene M. Braderman]] | Deputy assistant secretary of state for commercial affairs who was pressured by Israelis to help the U.S. accept Israel's nuclear weapons. |
-| [[Eugene Wigner]] | Eugene Wigner was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate. |
-| [[Floyd L. Culler, Jr.]] | Culler's team spent days at Dimona, climbing through various excavations, but found nothing suspicious, despite the elaborate Israeli deception, which included a false control room and practice sessions for Israeli technicians. |
-| [[Frank Barnaby]] | Frank Barnaby was a nuclear physicist and former employee of Britain's nuclear weapons installation at Aldermaston. |
-| [[Frank Press]] | Frank Press was the presidential science adviser during the Carter administration. |
-| [[Gary Francis Powers]] | Gary Francis Powers was an American pilot whose U-2 Spy Plane was shot down over the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960, leading to a major international incident. |
-| [[George A. Cowan]] | American nuclear weapons designer at Los Alamos for over twenty years who acknowledged close associations with Israeli physicists from the Weizmann Institute. |
-| [[George Ball]] | George Ball served as the Under Secretary of State during the Kennedy administration. |
-| [[George H.W. Bush]] | Vice President under Reagan and 41st U.S. President who dealt with Israel's nuclear program, the VELA incident, and sanctions discussions after Osirak bombing, while simultaneously overseeing anti-drug efforts as Contra-connected drug traffickers operated with impunity. |
-| [[Gerald Bull]] | In 1981, Bull approached Israel Military Industries in Israel hoping to sell his project, but they were more interested in missile technology. |
-| [[Glenn R. Cella]] | Cella was dismayed that a study of the military balance in the region, ordered by the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), made no mention of Israeli nuclear capability. |
-| [[Golda Meir]] | In 1956, Golda Meir replaced Moshe Sharett as Foreign Minister, bringing her distinctive approach to Israel's international relations. |
-| [[Hans Bethe]] | Hans Bethe was a German-American theoretical physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967. |
-| [[Harold M. Agnew]] | American physicist and Los Alamos director (1970-1979) who served on the Nuclear Intelligence Panel and criticized suppression of the VELA Satellite findings. |
-| [[Harry H. Schwartz]] | Aide to Assistant Secretary of Defense Paul Warnke who witnessed Warnke directly confronting Israeli Ambassador Rabin about Israel's nuclear weapons program. |
-| [[Hedrick Smith]] | Hedrick Smith was a Washington correspondent for the *New York Times*. |
-| [[Henry A. Kissinger]] | Kissinger approached inauguration day on January 20, 1969, convinced that Israel's nuclear ambitions were justified and understandable. |
-| [[I. I. Rabi]] | American physicist and Nobel laureate who visited Israel's Dimona reactor in 1961 and reported no evidence of a weapons facility. |
-| [[Ian Smart]] | Ian Smart was a young British diplomat who served as third secretary of the British embassy in Tel Aviv in the late 1950s. |
-| [[J. Edgar Hoover]] | Hoover was a frequent visitor to the Hotel Del Charro in La Jolla, California, an exclusive hotel opened by Clint Murchison, Sr. |
-| [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] | Oppenheimer's personal papers indicate he visited Israel in May 1958 to participate in ceremonies marking the opening of the Institute of Nuclear Science in Rehovot. |
-| [[Jack P. Ruina]] | His panel's assignment was carefully weighted towards investigating the possibility that the VELA sighting had been a false alarm. |
-| [[James A. Baker III]] | Chief of Staff under President Reagan who agreed sanctions against Israel were essential after the 1981 bombing of Iraq's Osirak reactor. |
-| [[James E. Lovett]] | Senior AEC scientist hired by NUMEC who discovered that missing uranium was embedded in concrete floors and ventilation systems. |
-| [[James R. Schlesinger]] | Secretary of Defense under Nixon and Ford who observed Kissinger's strategy during the 1973 Yom Kippur War of wanting Israel to succeed but bleed. |
-| [[Jens C. Hauge]] | Norwegian official who conducted Norway's only inspection of heavy water sold to Israel, accepting Bergmann's claims uncritically. |
-| [[Jerome B. Wiesner]] | President Kennedy's science adviser who was deliberately excluded from intelligence about Israel's Dimona nuclear reactor at David Ben-Gurion's request. |
-| [[Jody Powell]] | Jody Powell was President Jimmy Carter's press secretary. |
-| [[John McCone|John A. McCone]] | McCone's leak was his parting shot as AEC commissioner, as he announced his resignation shortly after. |
-| [[John F. Kennedy]] | Kennedy's presidency was marked by a struggle with Israel over its nuclear ambitions, particularly concerning the Dimona reactor. |
-| [[John Foster Dulles]] | John Foster Dulles served as the Secretary of State under President Dwight D. |
-| [[John L. Hadden]] | Hadden sent Colonel Carmelo V. |
-| [[John von Neumann]] | John von Neumann was a Hungarian-American mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to quantum physics, functional analysis, set theory, economics, computer science, and nuclear physics. |
-| [[John Vorster]] | John Vorster was the Prime Minister of South Africa. |
-| [[John W. Finney]] | Finney's article, published on December 19, 1960, on the front page of the *Times*, informed the American public about what Arthur C. |
-| [[Joseph O. Zurhellen, Jr.]] | Deputy chief of mission at the U.S. embassy in Tel Aviv who dismissed concerns about Dimona as Israeli disinformation. |
-| [[Levi Eshkol]] | Levi Eshkol was an Israeli politician who served as Prime Minister of Israel from 1963 to 1969. |
-| [[Lewis L. Strauss]] | Strauss chose not to talk about the Israeli nuclear program because, as a Jew with deep feelings about the Holocaust, he privately approved of it. |
-| [[Louis H. Roddis, Jr.]] | Nuclear Intelligence Panel member who concluded the 1979 Vela satellite event was a South African-Israeli nuclear test and accused the White House of suppressing the finding. |
-| [[Malcolm Toon]] | Malcolm Toon was the U.S. |
-| [[Maurice Bourges-Maunoury]] | Maurice Bourges-Maunoury was a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France in 1957. |
-| [[Max Ben]] | Max Ben was a Princeton-trained pharmacologist who was helping the Israelis set up a pharmacology institute under United Nations auspices. |
-| [[Menachem Begin]] | Menachem Begin was the 6th Prime Minister of Israel, serving from 1977 to 1983. |
-| [[Mordecai Hod]] | Mordecai Hod was the chief of staff of the Israeli Air Force. |
-| [[Mordecai Vanunu]] | Vanunu began working as a technician at Dimona in August 1977 and spent much of the next eight years assigned to various tasks inside the reprocessing plant, formally known as Machon 2 and informally as the Tunnel. |
-| [[Morton H. Halperin]] | Close aide to Kissinger on the NSC staff who recalled Kissinger's belief that Israel and Japan would be better off with nuclear weapons. |
-| [[Myer Feldman]] | Myer Feldman, also known as Mike Feldman, served as President John F. |
-| [[Myron B. Kratzer]] | Director of international affairs for the Atomic Energy Commission during the period Israel's nuclear program was exposed in 1960. |
-| [[Niels Bohr]] | Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. |
-| [[Orwin C. Talbott]] | Lieutenant General told point-blank by Israeli Chief of Staff David Elazar about Israel's nuclear threat during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. |
-| [[Oscar Guerrero]] | Freelance Colombian journalist who met Mordecai Vanunu in Sydney and received top-secret photographs of Israel's nuclear facility. |
-| [[Paul C. Warnke]] | Assistant Secretary of Defense who pressured Israel to sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and directly confronted Israel about its nuclear weapons program. |
-| [[Philip J. Farley]] | Special assistant to John Foster Dulles for arms control who quietly investigated the French connection to Israel's nuclear program. |
-| [[Pierre Gallois]] | Pierre Gallois was a retired French general and the intellectual spokesman for the French nuclear program. |
-| [[Pierre Mendes-France]] | Pierre Mendès-France was a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 1954 to 1955. |
-| [[Pinhas Sapir]] | Pinhas Sapir was an Israeli politician who, along with Levi Eshkol, dominated the Israeli budget process for more than fifteen years. |
-| [[Raymond Fox]] | Raymond Fox was an American nuclear physicist who emigrated to Israel in 1957 from California, where he had access to weapons design information at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. |
-| [[Richard V. Allen]] | Allen personally relayed the message to Ariel Sharon in the fall of 1981 that the United States would no longer permit Israel to get KH-11 imagery of the Soviet Union or any other country outside the hundred-mile limit, re-enforcing the initial 1979 restrictions. |
-| [[Robert S. McNamara]] | Secretary of Defense under Kennedy and Johnson who was pressured by pro-Israel fundraiser Abraham Feinberg not to interfere with Israel's nuclear activities. |
-| [[Robert T. Webber]] | Physicist and scientific attache at the U.S. embassy in Tel Aviv who gathered intelligence on Israel's Dimona nuclear facility alongside CIA station chief John Hadden. |
-| [[Ronald Reagan]] | 40th President of the United States who authorized CIA operations in Nicaragua, oversaw the Contra war and the secret drug-crimes reporting exemption, while simultaneously prosecuting the War on Drugs. |
-| [[Seymour Hersh]] | Hersh conducted extensive research for *The Samson Option*, interviewing many senior American officials, most of whom spoke for the first time about their knowledge of Israel's nuclear arsenal. |
-| [[Shalheveth Freier]] | Shalheveth Freier was an Israeli nuclear physicist with impeccable credentials. |
-| [[Shimon Peres]] | Peres's rise to influence began in late 1953, when David Ben-Gurion appointed the then thirty-year-old Shimon Peres as director general of the ministry of defense. |
-| [[Shimon Yiftach]] | Shimon Yiftach was the director of scientific programs for the Israeli defense ministry. |
-| [[Stuart Symington]] | Stuart Symington was a Democratic Senator from Missouri. |
-| [[Walworth Barbour]] | Walworth Barbour was the American ambassador to Israel from 1961 to 1973, serving longer in one post than all but three other American ambassadors. |
-| [[William N. Dale]] | Dale objected to the policy change after the 1967 Six-Day War, when Walworth Barbour ordered the embassy's military attachés to stop reporting on Dimona and to no longer undercut the Israelis by conducting operations with their British or Canadian counterparts. |
-| [[William R. Crawford]] | Crawford recalled that Ben-Gurion's reply was long, evasive, and did not agree to the IAEA inspection of Dimona. |
-| [[Yehoshua Saguy]] | Yehoshua Saguy was the chief of military intelligence in Israel. |
-| [[Yigael Yadin]] | Yigael Yadin served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Israel. |
-| [[Yigal Allon]] | Yigal Allon was a 1948 war hero and a close adviser to Prime Minister Levi Eshkol. |
-| [[Yitzhak Hofi]] | Yitzhak Hofi was the director of Mossad, Israel's primary foreign intelligence service. |
-| [[Yitzhak Rabin]] | As army chief of operations, Yitzhak Rabin was among the old-fashioned military men, including Yigal Allon and Ariel Sharon, who believed that Israel's essential advantage over the Arabs was the quality and training of its military personnel. |
-| [[Yuval Neeman]] | Yuval Neeman was an Israeli physicist and defense ministry intelligence officer. |
-| [[Zalman Mordecai Shapiro]] | Zalman Mordecai Shapiro was an American Jew and owner of the Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation (NUMEC), a privately owned nuclear enriching plant in Apollo, Pennsylvania. |
--- a/PEOPLE/MOC
+++ b/PEOPLE/MOC
@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Organized Crime
-
-Mobsters, cartel leaders, gangsters, and figures in international criminal networks.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Adam Starchild]] | Adam Starchild, alias of Malcolm Willis McConahy, served as an offshore tax attorney involved in incorporating entities for child exploitation networks. |
-| [[Alan Williams]] | Alan Williams, known as 'The Welsh Witch,' was a British child trafficker who operated in Amsterdam during the 1980s and 1990s. |
-| [[Allen Raul Rudd]] | Colombian trafficker turned government informant who reported Pablo Escobar's claims of a guns-for-drugs deal between the Medellin cartel and the Reagan administration involving Vice President George Bush. |
-| [[Angelo Commito]] | Individual under FBI investigation for extortion, insider trading at MCA/Universal, narcotics trafficking, and ties to organized crime. |
-| [[Aparicio Moreno]] | Colombian cocaine supplier and money launderer connected to both the Blandon and Meneses organizations, the FDN, and a Guatemalan CIA agent. |
-| [[Ben Kalka]] | Kalka estimated he produced 8,000 pounds of drugs worth $10 million, using ingredients that federal agents had allegedly arranged for him to buy. |
-| [[Calvin Robinson]] | On December 12, 1991, Robinson filed a 'Pro Per' affidavit in the U.S. |
-| [[Carlos Cabezas]] | Nicaraguan cocaine trafficker in San Francisco who testified that drug profits from the Meneses organization were going to the Contras, was convicted in the Frogman Case, and in 1996 admitted on the record to delivering millions in drug money to the Contras. |
-| [[Carlos Lehder]] | Colombian drug trafficker who revolutionized cocaine smuggling for the Medellín cartel in the early 1980s. |
-| [[Chepita Blandon]] | Danilo Blandón's wife, identified by the DEA as closely involved in his trafficking activities, who was arrested in 1992 and had all charges dropped when her husband agreed to become a DEA informant. |
-| [[Chris Denning]] | Chris Denning was a former BBC Radio One DJ who was good friends with Jimmy Savile and, according to Czech police, head of an international pedophile network running a child porn operation from his Prague apartment. |
-| [[Clarence Henry Osborne]] | Clarence Henry Osborne was a retired stenographer and civil servant in the Australian state of Queensland, Australia, who for years had transcribed government hansards and supreme court proceedings. |
-| [[Clint Murchison, Sr.]] | Powerful Texas oilman who cultivated relationships with Hoover, Nixon, and Johnson, with business dealings intersecting organized crime figures including the Genovese Crime Family. |
-| [[Clint W. Murchison, Jr.]] | His family cultivated relationships not only with powerful figures on the far right but also with individuals such as J. |
-| [[Cyril Smith]] | Cyril Smith was a former Liberal MP for Rochdale who was posthumously exposed as a serial violent sexual abuser of boys in 2013. |
-| [[Danilo Blandon]] | Danilo Blandón Reyes was a Nicaraguan cocaine trafficker who operated a multimillion-dollar distribution ring in Los Angeles from 1981 to 1991, serving as the primary supplier to Freeway Ricky Ross while maintaining connections to the Contra movement and receiving U.S. political asylum despite known drug involvement. |
-| [[Danny Ray Lasater]] | Little Rock bond broker and Clinton associate convicted of drug trafficking, connected to Barry Seal's operations at Mena, Arkansas. |
-| [[Don Berlage]] | Don Berlage was the district attorney for Charlevoix County, Michigan, during the 1970s. |
-| [[Edward Brongersma]] | Edward Brongersma was a Dutch Senator and prominent advocate for the legalization of pedophilia in the Netherlands. |
-| [[Edward Levinson]] | Las Vegas gambler and lieutenant of Meyer Lansky whose Fremont Hotel was financed through a Jimmy Hoffa loan, connecting Bobby Baker networks to organized crime. |
-| [[Edward Sciandra]] | Sciandra was mentioned in FBI wiretaps, which captured conversations between Eugene Giaquinto and Martin Bacow. |
-| [[Elmer Wayne Henley]] | Elmer Wayne Henley (born May 9, 1956) served as a teenage accomplice to serial killer Dean Corll in the Dean Corll Murders from 1970 to 1973. |
-| [[Ernesto Samper Pizano]] | Three audio tapes of conversations between Rodriguez and Samper's campaign manager, Santiago Medina, were handed over to U.S. |
-| [[Eugene Giaquinto]] | Both Giaquinto and Robert Booth Nichols were noted to have a close working relationship with the Justice Department, according to the wiretaps. |
-| [[Fabio Ernesto Carrasco]] | Fabio Ernesto "Tito" Carrasco was a pilot who flew CIA-protected weapons and drug flights for the Contras between Colombia, Costa Rica, and Florida, testifying under oath as a U.S. government witness. |
-| [[Floyd Carlton]] | Floyd Carlton Caceres was Manuel Noriega's personal pilot and drug operations manager who became the U.S. government's star witness against Noriega after sharing evidence of the dictator's drug trafficking with murdered doctor Hugo Spadafora. |
-| [[Francis Shelden]] | Francis Duffield Shelden, born September 5, 1928, in Wayne County, Michigan, was a member of an old money establishment family; his great-grandfather on his father's side was Michigan governor and U.S. |
-| [[Francisco Guirola Beeche]] | Salvadoran elite and D'Aubuisson aide caught with $5.9 million in cash at a Texas airport who later flew Contra drug flights out of Ilopango. |
-| [[Frank Moss]] | Pilot and owner of Hondu Carib Cargo who flew FDN supply missions while under investigation for narcotics offenses by ten law enforcement agencies. |
-| [[Gary Betzner]] | Gary Wayne "Hippie" Betzner was a copilot who flew CIA-protected drug and weapons flights for the Contras and testified under oath as a Justice Department witness. |
-| [[Gary Glitter]] | Gary Glitter was a British glam rock artist whose career was helped to success by Chris Denning, who catapulted him to the Top of the Pops in the 1970s. |
-| [[Geoffrey Dickens]] | Geoffrey Dickens was a Conservative (Tory) MP in Margaret Thatcher's government who became known for his campaigns against child pornography and his efforts to expose VIP pedophile networks within British institutions. |
-| [[George Morales]] | George Morales was a major Colombian drug trafficker who provided aircraft, money, and weapons to Eden Pastora's ARDE Contra faction with the knowledge and approval of CIA operatives, according to sworn congressional testimony. |
-| [[Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela]] | Rodriguez Orejuela's influence extended beyond drug trafficking into financial and political spheres. |
-| [[H.L. Hunt]] | Hunt and Clint Murchison, Sr. |
-| [[Harold Okimoto]] | Okimoto's company, Island Tobacco, was said to sell cigarettes at the Casino du Liban, which was controlled by the Syrian mob and used as a front by narcotics people.[1] |
-| [[Henry Corrales]] | Nicaraguan cocaine trafficker who served as the intermediary between Danilo Blandón and Ricky Ross after Ivan Arguellas was paralyzed. |
-| [[Horacio Pereira]] | Norwin Meneses's friend and business partner who became one of his top cocaine dealers in Costa Rica, identified by the FBI as the cocaine source for the Frogman drug ring in San Francisco. |
-| [[Hugh Mellor]] | Hugh Mellor was a client of the boy prostitution ring involving Troop 137 in New Orleans during the mid-1970s. |
-| [[Humberto Cardona]] | Colombian cocaine kingpin extradited to the United States in 1985 who continued supplying the South Central Los Angeles crack market through the Meneses-Blandon network while jetting around the world. |
-| [[Irving Azoff]] | On July 24, phone conversations took place in which Azoff, Sal Pisello, and the investigation of the record division of MCA were discussed. |
-| [[Ivan Torres]] | Ivan Torres was a Nicaraguan drug trafficker and FDN West Coast branch chief who managed Danilo Blandon's Los Angeles cocaine operations while claiming CIA awareness of his drug activities. |
-| [[Jimmy Hoffa]] | Prominent American labor union leader whose loans financed deals involving Clint Murchison, Sr., Richard Nixon, and Meyer Lansky. |
-| [[Jimmy Hughes]] | Hughes admitted to a bloody past, stating he became a professional hit man for the Mafia after a six-year military career. |
-| [[Jimmy Savile]] | Jimmy Savile was a BBC Radio One DJ and prominent television personality whose death in October 2011 triggered a major police investigation into widespread child abuse at the BBC. |
-| [[John David Norman]] | John David Norman (1927-2011) was the mastermind behind the Odyssey Network, a sophisticated child trafficking and prostitution operation based in Dallas, Texas, during the 1970s. |
-| [[John Gay]] | John Gay served as a principal child pornographer in the TAG Films operation throughout the 1980s and 1990s, working in tandem with Alan Williams and Lee Tucker to generate and circulate explicit content involving underage boys transported from the United Kingdom to sex districts in Amsterdam. |
-| [[John Gotti]] | Prominent figure associated with the Gambino Crime Family who enjoyed a special relationship with MCA president Eugene Giaquinto per FBI wiretaps. |
-| [[John Reed Campbell]] | John Reed Campbell was an artist and child abuser who fled after his conviction in New Orleans. |
-| [[John Stamford]] | John Stamford was a British former Anglican priest who became one of the most significant figures in international child trafficking networks during the 1970s through the 1990s. |
-| [[Jose Bueso Rosa]] | Honduran general and CIA collaborator on the Contra project who was convicted of plotting a cocaine-financed assassination and coup, then received extraordinary leniency through Oliver North's intervention. |
-| [[Jose Santacruz Londono]] | Londono was a target of a major DEA Centac investigation, which led to his indictment in Los Angeles and New York in 1978. |
-| [[Julio Zavala]] | Major cocaine trafficker in the San Francisco Bay Area and top-ranking U.S.-based member of UDN-FARN who recruited Carlos Cabezas into the Contra drug ring and was convicted in the Frogman Case. |
-| [[Kenneth Hellstrom]] | Kenneth Hellstrom was as a victim of child sexual abuse perpetrated by John David Norman in the early 1970s within Norman's network of operations in Chicago, Illinois. |
-| [[Kuhn Sa]] | Laotian warlord associated with the Golden Triangle drug trade, investigated in connection with CIA drug trafficking allegations. |
-| [[Lee Tucker]] | Lee Tucker functioned as a central child pornographer in the TAG Films enterprise during the 1980s and 1990s, partnering with Alan Williams and John Gay to fabricate and propagate explicit recordings of underage boys conveyed from the United Kingdom to exploitation venues in Amsterdam. |
-| [[Leroy Brown]] | Corner Pocket Crip and Compton crack dealer who became a business partner of Ricky Ross. |
-| [[Lew Wasserman]] | Wasserman was a major contributor to and sat on the board of the Reagan presidential library, along with Edwin Meese and others. |
-| [[Lewis Sialle]] | Lewis Sialle served as an associate of Troop 137 in New Orleans during the mid-1970s. |
-| [[Manuel Schadwald]] | Manuel Schadwald was a 12-year-old German boy who disappeared from Berlin in July 1993, becoming one of Europe's most infamous missing child cases and a pivotal figure in exposing international child trafficking networks. |
-| [[Martin Allen]] | Martin Allen was a 15-year-old boy who disappeared in 1979 while approaching Kings Cross station in London. |
-| [[Martin Bacow]] | Bacow was described in the wiretaps as 'the back door liaison Teamsters connection to the movie industry.' He was under investigation in 1987 for various suspected offenses, including extortion, insider trading (MCA/Universal), the purchase and sale of narcotics/controlled substances, and the alloca |
-| [[Martin Smollners]] | Martin Smollners was a particularly sadistic pedophile and client of Lothar Glandorf's child trafficking operation who murdered a boy in 1986. |
-| [[Michael Abbell]] | Abbell served as a staff assistant to the Assistant U.S. |
-| [[Michael Rossi]] | Michael Rossi was an employee of John Wayne Gacy who lived with him at his Norwood Park home and was named by Gacy as an accomplice in the rape, torture, and murder of young men during the 1970s. |
-| [[Norwin Meneses]] | Norwin Meneses Cantarero, known as "El Rey de la Droga," was Nicaragua's most prolific drug trafficker who simultaneously served as a DEA informant while running a cocaine distribution network spanning from Central America to California in support of the Contra movement. |
-| [[Ollie Newell]] | Childhood friend and original business partner of Ricky Ross who helped launch their cocaine dealing operation in 1981. |
-| [[Peter Deegan]] | Peter Deegan was the district attorney for St. |
-| [[Peter Howells]] | Peter Howells conducted activities as a convicted pedophile integrated into the international child trafficking frameworks of the late 20th century, specifically within the exploitative environment of Amsterdam's red-light areas and canal networks. |
-| [[Peter Righton]] | Peter Righton was a social services director and the top UK government adviser on child protection services. |
-| [[Philip Arthur Thompson]] | Thompson was originally hired by Patrick Moriarty at $10,000 per month to bodyguard Michael Riconosciuto. |
-| [[Phillip Paske]] | Paske acted as custodian of The Delta Project during periods when Norman was imprisoned, managing its activities which included recruiting local Chicago, Illinois, boys for prostitution and pornography. |
-| [[Rafael Cornejo]] | Norwin Meneses's nephew and distributor in the San Francisco Bay Area since the mid-1970s whose territory stretched to Portland, Oregon, convicted of income tax evasion in 1985 and cocaine trafficking in 1996. |
-| [[Ramon Milian Rodriguez]] | Ramon Milian Rodriguez was the Medellín cartel's money-laundering expert who created Frigorificos de Puntarenas and testified that the cartel donated $10 million to the Contras. |
-| [[Raymond Woodall]] | Raymond Woodall served as a scout leader in New Orleans, Louisiana, associated with Troop 137. |
-| [[Renato Pena]] | FDN San Francisco representative and cocaine dealer for Norwin Meneses who was arrested in 1984 and implicated the CIA in Contra drug trafficking during DEA debriefings. |
-| [[Richard C. Jacobs]] | Client of the Troop 137 boy prostitution ring in New Orleans during the mid-1970s, connected to a broader child exploitation network. |
-| [[Richard Halvorsen]] | Richard Halvorsen served as a scout leader in New Orleans, Louisiana, associated with Troop 137. |
-| [[Ricky Ross]] | Freeway Ricky Donnell Ross led South Central Los Angeles's largest crack cocaine distribution network, expanding from local dealing to a coast-to-coast operation that moved over 150 kilos per week at its peak. |
-| [[Robert Byck]] | Yale University cocaine expert who warned Congress in 1979 about an impending freebase cocaine epidemic, was ignored, and returned in 1986 to criticize the government's failure to act. |
-| [[Robert Lang]] | Robert Lang served as a scout leader in New Orleans, Louisiana, associated with Troop 137. |
-| [[Roger Sandino]] | Roger Sandino Martinez was a veteran Nicaraguan drug trafficker and FDN operative who took over Danilo Blandon's South Central Los Angeles cocaine operation after Blandon relocated to Miami. |
-| [[Roy Ames]] | Roy Clifton Ames operated as a prominent child pornographer based in Houston, Texas, where he managed a large-scale production and distribution network exploiting young boys. |
-| [[Russell Tricker]] | Russell Tricker operated a coach service called 'Toff's Travel' across the English Channel in the 1980s, smuggling boys into Amsterdam for sexual exploitation. |
-| [[Sal Pisello]] | When a grand jury indicted Pisello on a second round of tax charges on July 9, 1987, Rudnick 'opened fire on MCA.' His press release announcing the indictment documented MCA's payments to Pisello's company, Consultants for World Records, which Rudnick stated was 'shared' with New York organized crim |
-| [[Sebastian Gonzalez]] | Sebastian "Guachan" Gonzalez was a CIA-linked Contra quartermaster who managed arms flights from Panama to the Costa Rican Contras while simultaneously running a major cocaine trafficking operation with Norwin Meneses. |
-| [[Tom Watson]] | Tom Watson was a Labour MP who played a key role in exposing the phone-hacking scandal at the News of the World. |
-| [[Tootie Reese]] | Alleged king of cocaine in black Los Angeles during the 1970s, overtaken by the crack era and successors like Ricky Ross. |
-| [[Torres Brothers]] | The Torres brothers, known as "the Greens," were Nicaraguan cocaine traffickers who worked for Danilo Blandón before becoming independent suppliers to Ricky Ross, eventually rivaling Blandón in volume and sparking a bitter feud. |
-| [[Troilo Sanchez]] | Brother of FDN officials Aristides and Fernando Sanchez, business partner of Norwin Meneses in Nicaragua and Costa Rica, identified by the FBI as a cocaine source for the Frogman ring in San Francisco. |
-| [[Wanda Palacios]] | Miami FBI informant and wife of a Colombian trafficker who witnessed Southern Air Transport planes being loaded with cocaine and unloading guns in Colombia. |
-| [[Warwick Spinks]] | Warwick Spinks was a British child trafficker and pedophile who operated in Amsterdam during the 1980s and 1990s. |
--- a/Scandal.md
+++ b/Scandal.md
@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# PROMIS Scandal
-
-Central figures in the PROMIS/INSLAW software scandal and related investigations.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Allan Thompson]] | Reporter for the Toronto Star who was briefed by Sean McDade on his PROMIS investigation in 2000. |
-| [[Anthony Fratianno]] | Alleged mobster observed meeting with Dr. John Philip Nichols and La Cosa Nostra figures, believed to involve financial transactions. |
-| [[Arthur Welmas]] | Tribal Chairman of the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians involved in the Cabazon/Wackenhut Joint Venture. |
-| [[Baldur K. Kleine]] | Business partner tasked by Rafi Eitan to receive the PROMIS software with its intelligence trap door from Earl Brian for deployment in Guatemala. |
-| [[Barbara Locke]] | Hospital worker who secretly preserved photostats of Roderick Sinclair's medical records before they could be destroyed during the Queen's Accident cover-up. |
-| [[Bill Hamilton]] | Bill worked as an analyst and Vietnamese linguist for the NSA for seven years. |
-| [[Bill McCoy]] | Retired U.S. Army CID Chief Warrant Officer who obtained FBI wiretap affidavits for Danny Casolaro's PROMIS investigation. |
-| [[Bob Bickel]] | Bickel was a key source for Casolaro's 'The Octopus' investigation. |
-| [[Brian Toohey]] | Top Australian journalist who reported on Michael Hand's whereabouts and connections to the Nugan Hand Bank. |
-| [[C. Boyden Gray]] | Individual asked to represent INSLAW in the PROMIS software case after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. |
-| [[C. Madison Brewer]] | Brewer became a central figure in the PROMIS Software Scandal due to allegations of bias against INSLAW and its president, Bill Hamilton. |
-| [[Cap Kressop]] | Technical wizard and Mormon approached by Robert Booth Nichols to manufacture a prototype laser rifle sight under suspicious terms. |
-| [[Charles Dennis McKee]] | Major and senior member of the CIA's MC-10 intelligence cell killed on Pan Am Flight 103 over Scotland after returning from a Beirut mission. |
-| [[Charles Hayes]] | Charles Hayes was a salvage dealer from Nancy, Kentucky, who became involved in the PROMIS Software Scandal through his contact with Bill Hamilton. |
-| [[Charles R. Work]] | D.C. attorney and former Deputy Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration who served on the D.C. Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure. |
-| [[Charles Trombetta]] | Charles Trombetta was identified by Lois Battistoni as an individual who might have information about the DOJ and Inslaw. |
-| [[Charlie Frezeli]] | Lebanese army officer and member of the MC-10 intelligence cell in Cyprus and Beirut, shot dead in east Beirut in 1989. |
-| [[Cheri Seymour]] | Cheri Seymour is an investigative journalist and author. |
-| [[Cornelius Blackshear]] | Cornelius Blackshear was a U.S. |
-| [[Craig Olson]] | FBI agent from the D.C. Metropolitan Office present at Paul Wilcher's apartment after his mysterious death. |
-| [[Lowell Jensen|D. Lowell Jensen]] | Inslaw alleged that Jensen had a 'previously developed negative attitude about PROMIS and INSLAW' and that he consciously ignored Inslaw's complaints about C. |
-| [[Daniel Magano]] | Alleged mobster observed meeting with Cabazon tribal administrator Dr. John Philip Nichols alongside La Cosa Nostra figures per Indio Police surveillance. |
-| [[Daniel Murphy]] | In early 1991, INSLAW Counsel Elliot Richardson asked Murphy to review the plausibility of claims about the covert dissemination of PROMIS for intelligence-tracking applications and to give his opinion on whether the claimed intelligence uses could explain Richard Thornburgh's inexplicable failure t |
-| [[Daniel Tessler]] | Daniel Tessler managed a venture capital fund called 53rd Street Ventures, Inc., which was formed around 1976 as an investment company. |
-| [[Danny Casolaro]] | Danny Casolaro was an American investigative journalist who probed a complex web of organized crime, drug trafficking, money laundering, and pirated software, which he termed 'The Octopus.' His investigation focused on the PROMIS Software Scandal, the Iran-Contra Affair, the BCCI scandal, and connections to Contra drug trafficking. |
-| [[David F. Levi]] | U.S. Attorney named in a Writ of Mandamus for refusing to investigate corruption in Mariposa County tied to the Queen's Accident case. |
-| [[Dean C. Merrill]] | Worked on the original 1969 team that created PROMIS under Joan E. |
-| [[Dennis W. Wright]] | Worked on the team developing the original 1969 PROMIS under Joan E. |
-| [[Diana, Princess of Wales]] | Princess of Wales whose 1997 death alongside Dodi Fayed is referenced in research tied to the PROMIS scandal and its web of interconnected intelligence figures. |
-| [[Dodi Fayed]] | Egyptian multi-millionaire film producer and son of Mohammed Al-Fayed, romantically involved with Princess Diana; died with her in a 1997 Paris car crash. |
-| [[Dominic Laiti]] | Dominic Laiti was the Chairman of Hadron, Inc., a company that became central to Inslaw's allegations of a conspiracy to steal its PROMIS software. |
-| [[Donald Carr]] | DOJ political appointee who showed a 1985 document revealing PROMIS software was being provided to an Arab Sheik for resale. |
-| [[Dr. John Philip Nichols]] | Nichols formalized a joint venture with Wackenhut Corporation on April 1, 1981, to establish 'Cabazon Arms' on the reservation. |
-| [[E.B. Cartinhour]] | FBI agent from Lexington, Kentucky, investigating PROMIS software sales to Israel who was reportedly disaffected over the October Surprise. |
-| [[Earl Brian]] | Brian was accused of spearheading a plan for the worldwide use of the modified PROMIS software. |
-| [[Edward Hurley]] | Edward Hurley was a Vice President at Hadron, Inc., in charge of its criminal justice systems work. |
-| [[Edwin Meese]] | Attorney General under Ronald Reagan linked to the PROMIS Software Scandal who also received reports about Barry Seal's massive drug operations at Mena, Arkansas but took no action. |
-| [[Elliot Richardson]] | Richardson called for the appointment of a special counsel to look into the death of Danny Casolaro. |
-| [[Ferdinand Marcos]] | Exiled President of the Philippines whose stolen fortune was reportedly laundered through Robert Booth Nichols via networks connected to the PROMIS scandal. |
-| [[Floyd Bankson]] | Floyd Bankson was a system engineer in the Criminal Division of the DOJ, involved with the implementation of Project Eagle. |
-| [[Frank McCoy]] | Former Southern California cop appointed as deputy to investigate Ron Van Meter's disappearance in Mariposa County. |
-| [[Frank Nugan]] | Co-founder of Nugan Hand Bank in Australia, linked to CIA-connected Air America officials and international money laundering. |
-| [[Frank Sinatra]] | Legendary American entertainer whose daughter Tina Sinatra sought to produce a film adaptation of The Last Circle exposing the PROMIS/Octopus conspiracy. |
-| [[Fred Alvarez]] | Alvarez had been chosen to manage the Cabazon Casino shortly before his murder. |
-| [[Garnett Taylor]] | Garnett Taylor was a former security officer at the DOJ. |
-| [[Gary Estep]] | Deputy in the Mariposa Sheriff's Department and part of the search party for Ron Van Meter after his alleged boating accident. |
-| [[Gatsha Buthelezi]] | Chief Gatsha Buthelezi was a figure in South Africa who led 'black death squads' that were involved in violence against black revolutionary groups, including the African National Congress. |
-| [[General Torrijos]] | Panamanian leader whose family members were reportedly involved in the cocaine trade, shielded from U.S. scrutiny during the Panama Canal treaty negotiations. |
-| [[George Deukemejian]] | Governor of California named in a Writ of Mandamus for refusing to investigate corruption in Mariposa County. |
-| [[George Francis Bason, Jr.]] | Bankruptcy Judge for the District of Columbia who ruled the DOJ stole INSLAW's PROMIS software, central to the PROMIS Software Scandal. |
-| [[Gerardo Catena]] | Chief lieutenant to the Genovese Crime Family who owned almost 20 percent of the Murchison Oil Lease Company in Oklahoma. |
-| [[Glen Heggstad]] | According to the State Attorney General's office, Jimmy Hughes offered to hire Heggstad to murder Alvarez, who was going to 'blow the whistle' on illegal weapons manufacturing deals signed off by Cabazon tribal leadership. |
-| [[Harold Bredesen]] | FGBMFI member who in 1970 prayed with California Governor Ronald Reagan alongside Pat Boone and George Otis. |
-| [[Ian Stuart Spiro]] | However, news reports, specifically from the *Oceanside Blade-Citizen*, noted that documents and U.S. |
-| [[Ignacio Paz]] | Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence in the Philippine government who used Robert Booth Nichols to move money into Swiss bank accounts. |
-| [[Imelda Marcos]] | Widow of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos who was acquitted with Adnan Khashoggi of racketeering and fraud charges in 1990. |
-| [[Jack Rugh]] | Jack Rugh was a figure in the PROMIS Software Scandal, primarily involved in the administration of the Inslaw contract with the DOJ. |
-| [[James H. Critchfield]] | CIA officer who developed contacts with international arms merchant Adnan Khashoggi, factotum for the House of Saud. |
-| [[James Johnston]] | James Johnston was the Director of Contract Administration in the Justice Management Division of the DOJ. |
-| [[James Knapp]] | James Knapp was a non-career Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Criminal Division of the DOJ. |
-| [[Jan Lawrence Handzlik]] | Attorney for Red Devil fireworks magnate Patrick Moriarty who stated Moriarty paid Bo Gritz for business trips to Asia. |
-| [[Janet Reno]] | Wilcher was interviewed by Carl Stern, Reno's public relations man, regarding the contents of the letter. |
-| [[Janis Sposato]] | Janis Sposato was an Administrative Officer at the DOJ. |
-| [[Jim Nichols]] | Law school classmate of Allan Boyak and estranged brother of intelligence operative Robert Booth Nichols. |
-| [[Joan E. Jacoby]] | Joan co-headed the 1969 team to create PROMIS (along with Charles R. |
-| [[John A. Beltori]] | Individual identified by INSLAW as a witness providing circumstantial evidence of a conspiracy by Earl Brian and DOJ to steal PROMIS software. |
-| [[John Belton]] | Belton also made a statement regarding the trip to Canada by Dr. |
-| [[John Cohen]] | Cohen believed that the PROMIS software was stolen because it could be modified to track money laundering and could function as an active information-gathering and money-moving program within the international banking system, specifically mentioning CHIPS and SWIFT systems. |
-| [[John Keeney]] | John Keeney was a career Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Criminal Division of the DOJ. |
-| [[John Otto]] | John Otto was the former Acting Director of the FBI. |
-| [[John Paul Nichols]] | John Paul Nichols was the 'Project Manager' for the Cabazon/Wackenhut Corporation Joint Venture, also known as Cabazon Arms. |
-| [[Johnny Roselli|Johnny Rosselli]] | Organized crime leader enlisted by the CIA through Robert Maheu in 1960 to assist in assassination plots against Fidel Castro. |
-| [[Jonathan Ben Cnaan]] | Jonathan Ben Cnaan was an account executive with 53rd Street Ventures, a New York City venture capital firm that held a small equity investment in Inslaw. |
-| [[Joseph Coors]] | Prominent right-wing activist, Heritage Foundation associate, and FGBMFI member connected to the PROMIS/Cabazon network. |
-| [[Joseph R. (Mike) Benitez]] | Former Cabazon Tribal Council Chairman who wrote to President Reagan requesting investigation of non-Indian investors at Cabazon Casino. |
-| [[Joyce H. Deroy]] | Possibly married to Honorable Warren R. |
-| [[Jules Stein]] | Founder of MCA and longtime political supporter of Ronald Reagan who helped make Reagan a millionaire through inflated property deals. |
-| [[Kelly O'Meara]] | O'Meara co-authored a four-part investigative series for *Insight* magazine with Paul Rodriguez titled 'Nothing is Secret' (January 29, 2001), 'The Plot Thickens in PROMIS Affair' (February 5, 2001), 'PROMIS Trail Leads to Justice' (February 12, 2001), and 'PROMIS Spins Web of Intrigue' (February 19 |
-| [[Kim Roosevelt]] | CIA officer who developed intelligence contacts with international arms merchant Adnan Khashoggi, a key figure in the Saudi-Israeli-American arms network. |
-| [[Lester Coleman]] | Coleman was paid in travelers checks sent from the Luxembourg branch of the now-collapsed BCCI. |
-| [[Lois Battistoni]] | Lois Battistoni was a former administrative employee of the DOJ Criminal Division. |
-| [[Lonnie Hammond]] | Deputy appointed by Sheriff Ken Mattheys to investigate Ron Van Meter's disappearance and internal affairs in Mariposa County. |
-| [[Lowell Jensen]] | Inslaw alleged that Jensen had a 'previously developed negative attitude about PROMIS and INSLAW' and that he consciously ignored Inslaw's complaints about C. |
-| [[Manucher Ghorbanifar]] | Iranian arms dealer and middleman in the Iran-Contra Affair who was involved in brokering PROMIS software to an Arab Sheik. |
-| [[Marilyn Jacobs]] | Marilyn Jacobs was the secretary to Lowell Jensen at the DOJ. |
-| [[Marilyn Titus]] | Marilyn Titus worked for Simeon from September 1982 until January 1984, and then for Hadron for four years after leaving Simeon. |
-| [[Mark Nichols]] | Administrator of the Cabazon Tribal Council who inherited the position from his brother John Paul Nichols in 1989. |
-| [[Mark M. Richard|Mark Richard]] | Mark Richards was a career Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Criminal Division of the DOJ. |
-| [[Matthew Kevin Gannon]] | Senior MC-10 intelligence cell member killed on Pan Am Flight 103 over Scotland after returning from a Beirut mission. |
-| [[Meyer Lansky]] | Prominent Florida mobster whose Fremont Hotel in Las Vegas was financed through Jimmy Hoffa loans and linked to Bobby Baker networks. |
-| [[Michael Riconosciuto]] | From 1981 to 1984, Riconosciuto served as the Director of Research for a joint venture between Wackenhut Corporation and the Cabazon Indian tribe near Indio, California. |
-| [[Michael T. Hurley]] | Hurley was involved in a NSC-sanctioned drug/sting operation in Lebanon through Euramae Trading Company. |
-| [[Michele Gaudet]] | RCMP spokeswoman who confirmed the ongoing Canadian investigation into whether PROMIS software contained back-door access to secret systems. |
-| [[Miles Matthews]] | Miles Matthews was the Executive Officer of the Criminal Division within the DOJ. |
-| [[Mohammed Al-Fayed]] | Father of Dodi Fayed and husband of Samira Khashoggi Fayed, connected to the PROMIS investigation through his son's death. |
-| [[Nancy Hamilton]] | Nancy Burke Hamilton was raised in St. |
-| [[Nathan Baca]] | Baca interviewed Glen Heggstad, who provided him with a book he had written, autographed with a note urging Baca to seek the truth and keep an open mind, as 'just because a cop or prosecutor says something, doesn't make it true. |
-| [[Nicholas J. Bua]] | Special Counsel appointed in 1991 to investigate the Inslaw/PROMIS allegations, whose 1993 report found no credible evidence of criminal wrongdoing. |
-| [[Nita Scoggan]] | Wife of an FGBMFI member invited to form a prayer group in the Reagan White House, reportedly attended by Oliver North. |
-| [[Oscar Mejia Victores]] | Guatemalan general who seized power in a 1983 coup during a period when Guatemala was a key node in Israeli arms-running and PROMIS software deployment. |
-| [[Pam MacLean]] | Reporter for the San Francisco Daily Journal who unsealed the John Di Giorgio file revealing laundered drug funds. |
-| [[Pat Boone]] | Entertainer and FGBMFI member who prayed with California Governor Ronald Reagan in 1970 alongside Harold Bredesen and George Otis. |
-| [[Patricia Castro]] | Friend of Fred Alvarez and victim of the 1981 execution-style triple homicide at Cabazon linked to the PROMIS scandal. |
-| [[Patricia Cloherty]] | Patricia Cloherty worked for Patricof and Company in New York from about 1970 until 1977, when she was appointed by President Carter to be Deputy Administrator of the Small Business Administration (SBA). |
-| [[Patricia Wald]] | Patricia Wald was the Chief Judge of the U.S. |
-| [[Paul Palmer]] | Government informant who connected Ben Kalka with Michael Riconosciuto in a federal sting operation involving methamphetamine precursors. |
-| [[Paul Wilcher]] | On or about May 21, 1993, Wilcher hand-delivered a 100-page letter to Janet Reno, the Attorney General, claiming that holdover DOJ employees from the Reagan-Bush era were responsible for a number of government cover-ups, unbeknownst to the Attorney General and President Bill Clinton. |
-| [[Paul Zalis]] | Zalis also reported that Fred Alvarez, Joseph R. |
-| [[Peter Videnieks]] | Videnieks administered the INSLAW contract with the government, which involved conducting competitive procurement, negotiating and awarding contracts, and administering them to ensure proper performance. |
-| [[Peter Zokosky]] | Zokosky was a key participant in the Cabazon/Wackenhut Corporation Joint Venture, which aimed to develop and manufacture arms on the reservation. |
-| [[Phillip Hawes]] | Indio City Manager who confirmed the hiring of an attorney to investigate links between the Cabazon triple slayings and the Cabazon Casino in the PROMIS scandal. |
-| [[Ralph Boger]] | Friend of Fred Alvarez and victim of the 1981 execution-style triple homicide at Cabazon linked to the PROMIS scandal. |
-| [[Randy Buffam]] | Buffam was present during McDade's initial meeting with Cheri Seymour and Sue Todd. |
-| [[Richard Armitage]] | Government official involved in brokering PROMIS software to an Arab Sheik for resale, working alongside Khashoggi and Ghorbanifar. |
-| [[Richard D'Amore]] | Richard D'Amore is a partner in Hambro International Equity Partners ('Hambro'), a venture capital company based in Boston, Massachusetts, that invests in existing businesses. |
-| [[Richard Hanna]] | Assistant Chief of the California Highway Patrol who reported the official details of the 1983 Queen's Accident collision. |
-| [[Richard Secord]] | General and co-conspirator of Oliver North in Iran-Contra who moved weapons from Israel to the Nicaraguan Contras. |
-| [[Robert Booth Nichols]] | International intelligence operative central to Danny Casolaro's Octopus investigation, with ties to the CIA, organized crime, and the PROMIS scandal. |
-| [[Robert Bratt]] | Robert Bratt was the Executive Officer for the DOJ's Criminal Division. |
-| [[Robert Byrd]] | Powerful West Virginia Democratic Senator whose executive assistant was Barbara Videnieks, wife of PROMIS figure Peter Videnieks. |
-| [[Robert Frye]] | Frye met with Michael Riconosciuto and Dr. |
-| [[Robert H. Cain]] | Worked on the original 1969 team to develop PROMIS under Joan E. |
-| [[Robert Whitely]] | Robert Whitely was the DOJ's auditor on the Inslaw contract. |
-| [[Rocco Zangari]] | First manager of the Cabazon Indian Casino, a former bookie who was later indicted on racketeering charges. |
-| [[Rod McKean]] | Deputy in the Mariposa County Sheriff's Department and partner of Sergeant Roderick Sinclair during the Queen's Accident. |
-| [[Ronald LeGrand]] | Ronald LeGrand was the Chief Investigator for the Senate Judiciary Committee. |
-| [[Ross Perot]] | American businessman connected to intelligence operative Robert Booth Nichols through activities in Vietnam linked to the intelligence underworld. |
-| [[Sally Denton]] | Author of The Blue Grass Conspiracy about the mysterious death of Andrew Thornton, a former narcotics officer connected to CIA drug operations. |
-| [[Sam Giancana]] | Organized crime leader enlisted by the CIA through Robert Maheu in 1960 to assist in assassination plots against Fidel Castro. |
-| [[Samira Khashoggi Fayed]] | Sister of Adnan Khashoggi and mother of Dodi Fayed, connected to the Khashoggi family's arms dealing network. |
-| [[Sandra Spooner]] | Sandra Spooner was the Deputy Director of the Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, within the DOJ. |
-| [[Santos Trafficante, Jr.]] | Organized crime leader recruited by Robert Maheu in 1960 for CIA operations to assassinate Fidel Castro alongside Sam Giancana and Johnny Rosselli. |
-| [[Scott Lawrence]] | Lawrence's investigation quickly expanded beyond the software to follow a drug trail. |
-| [[Sean McDade]] | McDade's probe was authorized at the highest level of the RCMP and was well-funded. |
-| [[Shirley Boone]] | Member of FGBMFI who participated in a 1970 prayer meeting with California Governor Ronald Reagan at his Sacramento home. |
-| [[Sidney H. Brounstein]] | Sidney Brounstein was born in 1929. |
-| [[Steve Dunbar]] | County Assessor in Mariposa County, closely associated with Curry Company's Ed Hardy, DA Bruce Eckerson, and Congressman Tony Coelho. |
-| [[Steve Rios]] | Attorney scheduled to meet Fred Alvarez to investigate Cabazon tribal affairs two days before Alvarez and two others were executed in the 1981 triple homicide. |
-| [[Sue Todd]] | Todd accompanied Sean McDade during his secret entry into the United States in February 2000, where they met with Cheri Seymour, the author of *The Last Circle*. |
-| [[Ted Shackley]] | Former CIA station chief in Indo-China connected to Michael Hand and the clandestine CIA war in Laos. |
-| [[Terry D. Miller]] | In January 1991, Miller sent a letter to FBI Director William Sessions, stating his belief that FOIMS was stolen. |
-| [[Thomas Olmstead]] | Olmstead questioned Peter Videnieks during the trial about his knowledge of the Wackenhut Corporation-Cabazon Indian Reservation joint venture, his relationship with Earl Brian, and his involvement with Hadron Company. |
-| [[Tommy Marson]] | Gambino Crime Family associate who lent $50,000 to Dr. John Philip Nichols to start the Cabazon Casino. |
-| [[Vincent Caci Bologna]] | Alleged mobster observed by Indio Police meeting with Dr. John Philip Nichols and La Cosa Nostra figures at Cabazon. |
-| [[Wayne Reeder]] | California investor seen at a Wackenhut/Contra meeting, alleged to have associated with CIA operative Robert Corson. |
-| [[William Barr]] | William Barr served as the Attorney General of the United States. |
-| [[William Bradford Reynolds]] | In a document dated May 16, 1985, which Reynolds signed, William F. |
-| [[William Bryant, Jr.]] | Senior U.S. District Court Judge who affirmed the bankruptcy court's findings in the INSLAW case, ruling DOJ performed its contract in a hostile environment. |
-| [[William Callaway]] | Cabazon tribal member who discovered the bodies of the 1981 Alvarez/Boger/Castro triple homicide linked to the PROMIS scandal. |
-| [[William Cole]] | Los Angeles attorney hired to investigate the links between the Cabazon triple slayings and the Cabazon Casino operations. |
-| [[William F. Weld]] | This document advised Weld that the PROMIS software was being provided to an Arab Sheik for resale and general distribution in his region, contingent upon specific conditions, including a 'soft arrival' without paperwork or customs delays, and equipped with a special data retrieval unit. |
-| [[William Sessions]] | William Sessions was the Director of the FBI. |
-| [[William Shockley]] | U.S. Attorney in San Francisco who reportedly authored a letter stating Ben Kalka did not obtain methamphetamine precursors from the U.S. government. |
-| [[Yehuda Ben-Hanan]] | Owner of Software and Engineering Consultants in Chatsworth, California and childhood friend of Ari Ben-Menashe. |
--- a/Benefactors.md
+++ b/Benefactors.md
@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Philanthropists & Benefactors
-
-Individuals who funded parapsychology research and related programs.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
--- a/Viewers.md
+++ b/Viewers.md
@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Psychics & Remote Viewers
-
-Individuals known for psychic abilities, remote viewing, or participation in psi research as test subjects.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Adolf Hitler]] | Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party and the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. |
-| [[Aharon Yariv]] | Aharon Yariv was a Brigadier General and the head of military intelligence in Israel. |
-| [[Al Girard]] | Al Girard was the replacement for Dale Graff as the head of the Remote Viewing unit after Graff's retirement in June 1993. |
-| [[Albert Speer]] | Albert Speer (1905–1981) was a German architect who served as the Reich's Minister of Armaments and War Production for Nazi Germany during World War II. |
-| [[Alice Astor Bouverie]] | Alice Astor Bouverie was an American heiress, philanthropist, and the only daughter of John Jacob Astor IV, who died in the sinking of the RMS Titanic. |
-| [[Andrea Stocco]] | Andrea Stocco is a co-director at the Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences (I-LABS) at the University of Washington in Seattle. |
-| [[Anne Khale]] | Anne Khale was a NASA satellite imagery specialist who was hired by Stephan Schwartz to serve as an unbiased third-party observer for Project Deep Quest. |
-| [[Annie Jacobsen]] | Annie Jacobsen is an American investigative journalist and author, known for her non-fiction books focusing on government secrecy, national security, and warfare. |
-| [[Antonio Savasta]] | Antonio Savasta was a member of the Red Brigades, a Marxist-Leninist paramilitary group responsible for the kidnapping of Brigadier General James L. |
-| [[Arigo]] | Arigo was a Brazilian psychic healer who gained widespread notoriety for reportedly performing major surgeries with a pocketknife, without anesthesia, stitches, or antibiotics, and without causing any pain. |
-| [[Arthur Hebard]] | In June 1972, Hal Puthoff brought Ingo Swann to Hebard's lab to test Swann's abilities. |
-| [[Arthur Koestler]] | Arthur Koestler was a Hungarian-born British novelist, journalist, and critic. |
-| [[Bill Church]] | Philanthropist and part-owner of Church's Fried Chicken who provided initial funding for Hal Puthoff's psi research at SRI. |
-| [[Bill Clinton]] | William Jefferson 'Bill' Clinton was the 42nd President of the United States (1993-2001) and Governor of Arkansas during the period when Barry Seal operated his CIA-connected cocaine smuggling operation at Mena airport. |
-| [[Bill Ray]] | Bill Ray was one of the five remote viewers from INSCOM who remained in the program when the DIA took over the psychoenergetics program. |
-| [[Brad Veek]] | Brad Veek was a cartographer and career submariner who played a role in Project Deep Quest. |
-| [[Brian D. Josephson]] | His work on the Josephson junction, a configuration of two layers of superconducting material sandwiching a thin layer of non-superconducting material, was part of the quark detector used in Hal Puthoff and Ingo Swann's psychokinesis experiment at SRI. |
-| [[Bud Duncan]] | Army civilian photo-interpreter and early member of the Gondola Wish (later Grill Flame) remote viewing unit. |
-| [[Caspar Weinberger|Caspar W. Weinberger]] | Secretary of Defense under Reagan whose military aide Lieutenant Colonel Higgins was abducted in Lebanon in 1988 with deep knowledge of classified matters. |
-| [[Charlene Cavanaugh Shufelt]] | Charlene Cavanaugh Shufelt was one of the five remote viewers from INSCOM who remained in the program when the DIA took over the psychoenergetics program. |
-| [[Charles Bohlen]] | Charles Bohlen (1904–1974) was a distinguished American diplomat who served as the U.S. |
-| [[Charles Frank Jordan]] | Charles Frank Jordan was a former special agent for the U.S. |
-| [[Christopher O. Bird]] | American author and alleged CIA operative who co-authored The Secret Life of Plants, popularizing Cleve Backster's plant sentience experiments. |
-| [[Cleve Backster]] | In 1966, Backster conducted an experiment where he attached polygraph electrodes to a plant and observed its responses to his thoughts, including the intention to harm it. |
-| [[Clifford Alexander]] | U.S. Secretary of the Army who tacitly supported the Stargate Project during its early years. |
-| [[David Baltimore]] | David Baltimore is a Nobel Prize-winning biologist. |
-| [[David Morehouse]] | U.S. Army officer and remote viewer in the Stargate Project who later authored Psychic Warrior, publicly detailing his military remote viewing experiences. |
-| [[Don Eyles]] | Don Eyles was a computer scientist who designed the guidance system on the Antares lunar lander, part of the Apollo Program. |
-| [[Don Keach]] | Don Keach was a renowned deep-sea explorer and former naval officer. |
-| [[Don Walsh]] | Don Walsh is a renowned deep-sea explorer and former naval officer, known for achieving the deepest dive ever undertaken. |
-| [[Donald A. Myers]] | Myers's deployment came two years after a new and more powerful set of Soviet microwave beams (MUTS-2) were picked up by the CIA in Moscow. |
-| [[Donald C. Latham]] | Assistant Secretary of Defense who served as chairman of the oversight panel for the Sun Streak program, the renamed Stargate Project. |
-| [[Donald M. Kerr]] | Director of Los Alamos National Laboratory who served on the science panel for the CIA's Sun Streak/Stargate remote viewing program. |
-| [[Donald Regan|Donald T. Regan]] | Regan stated that 'Virtually every major move and decision the Reagans made during my time as White House chief of staff was cleared by a woman in San Francisco who drew up horoscopes to make certain that the planets were in favorable alignment for the enterprise.' This revelation was confirmed by W |
-| [[Doug Henning]] | Doug Henning (1947–2000) was a renowned Canadian magician and illusionist. |
-| [[Douglas B. Hudson]] | This commendation highlights the high regard in which Morehouse was held by his superiors, despite later controversies surrounding his conduct and the eventual downfall of the psychic research program. |
-| [[Dr. D. G. Vinod]] | Puharich brought Vinod to the Round Table Foundation, where Vinod allegedly went into a trance and channeled a group of entities called 'the Nine Principles and Forces.' This event had a profound impact on Puharich, solidifying his belief in an external, possibly extraterrestrial, source for psychic |
-| [[Duane Elgin]] | Elgin demonstrated strong psychic abilities, performing well in remote viewing tests and even trying his hand at psychokinesis. |
-| [[Earle Jones]] | SRI branch chief who served as an outbound experimenter in Pat Price's first formal remote viewing test of the outbound protocol. |
-| [[Ed Dames]] | U.S. Army officer who served as remote viewing session monitor and analyst in the Stargate Project, later a controversial public figure in the field. |
-| [[Edgar Mitchell]] | Edgar Mitchell was an American astronaut, best known as the lunar module pilot for Apollo 14, making him the sixth person to walk on the Moon. |
-| [[Edward Meyer]] | U.S. Army Chief of Staff who tacitly supported the Stargate Project during its early years alongside INSCOM commander William Rolya. |
-| [[Edwin May]] | Physicist and parapsychologist who became principal investigator and director of the Stargate Project in its later years under SAIC. |
-| [[Eileen Garrett]] | Eileen Garrett was an Irish medium who was well-known in New York City parapsychology circles. |
-| [[Elmo Zumwalt]] | Elmo Zumwalt (1920–2000) was an American naval officer who served as the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) from 1970 to 1974. |
-| [[Ernst Schulte-Strathaus]] | Ernst Schulte-Strathaus was a German astrologer who, alongside Karl Krafft, was reported to have constructed star charts that influenced Rudolf Hess's decision to undertake his rogue flight to Scotland in May 1941. |
-| [[Eugene Lessman]] | **Eugene 'Gene' Alden Lessman** was a U.S. |
-| [[Fernand Gauvin|Fern Gauvin]] | Fernand 'Fern' Gauvin was a civilian counterintelligence specialist working at Arlington Hall, a military/civilian intelligence complex. |
-| Fernand Gauvin | Gauvin worked at Arlington Hall, home to some of the more 'James Bond-ish' elements of the U.S. |
-| [[Fred Zachariasen]] | Fred Zachariasen was a physics professor at Caltech and a ranking member of the Department of Defense's elite JASON Committee. |
-| [[Gerald Feinberg]] | Gerald Feinberg was a physics professor at Columbia University. |
-| [[Harry Stump]] | Harry Stump was a Dutch sculptor and channeler who gained the attention of Andrija Puharich and his wealthy benefactors due to his purported psychic abilities, particularly his capacity to enter trance states and produce automatic writings and drawings. |
-| [[Hartleigh Trent]] | Hartleigh Trent was a former Navy petty officer and one of the original six remote viewers in the Stargate Project. |
-| [[Heinrich Himmler]] | Himmler had a deep and abiding interest in the occult and the supernatural. |
-| [[Helene Smith]] | Flournoy attributed her abilities to Cryptomnesia and Glossolalia, arguing that the content she produced originated from forgotten memories and unconscious processes rather than genuine psychic phenomena. |
-| [[Hella Hammid]] | Hella Hammid was a professional photographer and psychic who participated in Project Deep Quest, a unique psychic functioning experiment conducted in the summer of 1977. |
-| [[Henry Belk]] | Henry Belk was a department store tycoon and a wealthy benefactor of Andrija Puharich's research into ESP and other anomalous mental phenomena. |
-| [[Henry K. Beecher]] | Beecher's work contributed to the understanding of how perception of an event or a situation—real or imagined, rational or irrational—can cause consequential actions to occur. |
-| [[Herbert Pollack]] | Herbert Pollack was a medical consultant for the State Department. |
-| [[Howard Rosenberg]] | Howard Rosenberg was a staff member for *60 Minutes*, a prominent American television newsmagazine. |
-| [[Hugh Crane]] | SRI official involved in early remote viewing experiments by Hal Puthoff and Russell Targ, including Pat Price's sessions. |
-| [[I. M. Kogan]] | Kogan, like many Soviet researchers, hypothesized that psi was a low-frequency radio system built into human brains. |
-| [[Imad Mughniyah]] | Imad Mughniyah (1962–2008) was a prominent leader of Hezbollah's terrorist operations. |
-| [[Jack Anderson]] | Jack Anderson (1922–2005) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American investigative journalist and syndicated columnist for *The Washington Post*. |
-| [[Jack Houck]] | Jack Houck was a systems engineer for Boeing Aerospace who became interested in psychokinesis (PK), particularly the phenomenon of metal bending. |
-| [[Jackie Keith]] | Keith dropped out of the original Gondola Wish team not long after being selected, but he continued to task the remote viewers with targets related to his own operations. |
-| [[Jacques Vallee]] | Jacques Vallée is a French-born computer scientist, astronomer, and UFOlogist. |
-| [[James Clapper]] | Lieutenant General James Clapper was a U.S. |
-| [[James L. Dozier]] | Brigadier General James L. |
-| [[Janet Mitchell]] | Janet Mitchell was an assistant to Karlis Osis, the director of research at the American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR). |
-| [[Janice Rand]] | Army captain selected for the Gondola Wish/Grill Flame remote viewing unit at INSCOM Fort Meade. |
-| [[Jeannie Betters]] | Jeannie Betters was the unit secretary for the DIA's Remote Viewing program at Fort Meade. |
-| [[Jim Morris]] | Morris worked with Norm Everheart, who tasked Ken Bell and Mel Riley to remote-view the KGB agent. |
-| [[Joan Quigley]] | Joan Quigley was a San Francisco socialite and astrologer who advised President Ronald Reagan during his tenure at the White House. |
-| [[John Berberich]] | John Berberich was a Division Chief at the DIA. |
-| [[John LaMothe]] | LaMothe's report highlighted the perceived threat of Soviet ESP and Psychokinesis capabilities, suggesting they could be used to disable U.S. |
-| [[John Marsh]] | John Marsh was the Secretary of the U.S. |
-| [[John McMahon]] | McMahon, along with Norm Everheart, had been involved in psychic spying experiments since the early days of the CIA-sponsored work at SRI. |
-| [[John Robert]] | John Robert and Luis Elizondo served together in the Army in Korea in the 1990s and developed a deep and lasting friendship. |
-| [[John Taylor]] | John Taylor was a professor at King's College. |
-| [[Julian Leek]] | Julian Leek is the son of Sybil Leek, a prominent British witch and astrologer. |
-| [[Karen Jansen]] | Karen Jansen was a United Nations inspector and a U.S. |
-| [[Karl Krafft]] | Karl Krafft was a Swiss astrologer known for his influence on high-ranking Nazi officials. |
-| [[Karl Zener]] | American psychologist and parapsychologist who developed the Zener Cards, a standard ESP testing tool, and collaborated with J.B. Rhine at Duke University. |
-| [[Karlis Osis]] | Karlis Osis was a Latvian-born parapsychologist with a PhD, known for his research into deathbed visions and his work with the U.S. |
-| [[Ken Bell]] | U.S. Army captain and original remote viewer in the Stargate Project known for extraordinary ability to connect with distressed or missing human targets. |
-| [[Leslie Ronald Young]] | Leslie Ronald 'Jimmy' Young was a veteran British broadcaster for BBC Radio 2, known for his show *The Jimmy Young Show*, which had a wide audience across England, Ireland, and Scotland. |
-| [[Lew Allen]] | U.S. Air Force chief of staff and Joint Chiefs member who influenced Pentagon psychic research programs and strategic defense initiatives. |
-| [[Llewellyn Thomas]] | Llewellyn Thomas (1903–1972) was an American diplomat who served as the U.S. |
-| [[Lyall Watson]] | Lyall Watson was a South African zoologist and anthropologist. |
-| [[Lyn Buchanan]] | Remote viewer in the U.S. Army's psychic research program at Fort Meade, part of the Stargate Project. |
-| [[Lynn Schroeder]] | Schroeder and Ostrander's work, which included accounts from figures like Eduard Naumov, contributed to the growing awareness and concern within the U.S. |
-| [[M. L. Juncosa]] | The study noted that it would not be conceptually difficult to imagine the utility of psychokinesis in disrupting electrical systems, such as those associated with an ICBM's guidance program, as displayed by Geller. |
-| [[Marcella Miller du Pont]] | Marcella Miller du Pont was an heiress to the du Pont chemical and weapons production conglomerate and a passionate supporter of ESP research. |
-| [[Margaret Mead]] | Margaret Mead was a renowned American cultural anthropologist. |
-| [[Marlin Fitzwater]] | Marlin Fitzwater was the White House press secretary under President Ronald Reagan. |
-| [[Marshall Pease]] | SRI mathematician who demonstrated strong psychic talents in early remote viewing tests conducted by Hal Puthoff and Russell Targ. |
-| [[Meir Amit]] | Meir Amit was the former chief of the Mossad, Israel's national intelligence agency. |
-| [[Mel Riley]] | U.S. Army staff sergeant and one of the original remote viewers in the Stargate Project, known for his artistic rendering of psychic impressions. |
-| [[Michael Edwards]] | Michael Edwards was one of two young magicians, along with Steven Shaw, who participated in James Randi's hoax against the McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research at Washington University in 1983. |
-| [[Mike Russo]] | Mike Russo is the pseudonym Jim Schnabel gave a Lawrence Livermore physicist who, with other Livermore personnel, experienced apparitions after the group's involvement with Uri Geller. |
-| [[Milan Ryzl]] | Milan Ryzl was a Czech parapsychologist active in psi research in the mid-1960s. |
-| [[Murray Watt]] | Watt, along with Atwater, was responsible for selecting and training the initial remote viewers for the program. |
-| [[Nancy Stern]] | Stern was present during the intense and monotonous remote viewing taskings related to the Iran hostage crisis (1979-1981). |
-| [[Olaf Johnson]] | Swedish-born psychic who served as the receiver in Edgar Mitchell's mind-to-mind telepathy experiment during the Apollo 14 mission. |
-| [[Oliver J. Caldwell]] | Caldwell expressed significant concern about the Soviet advancements in parapsychology and psychic warfare. |
-| [[P. T. Van Dyke]] | The study noted that it would not be conceptually difficult to imagine the utility of psychokinesis in disrupting electrical systems, such as those associated with an ICBM's guidance program, as displayed by Geller. |
-| [[Patty Hearst]] | Patricia Campbell Hearst is an American newspaper heiress who was kidnapped in 1974 by the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), a radical left-wing organization. |
-| [[Pavel Naumov]] | Pavel Naumov was a Soviet military scientist who reportedly conducted a notable ESP experiment around 1956. |
-| [[Pavel Stepanek]] | While the effective bit rate for this experiment was very low (about one word per day), it was considered an impressive proof-of-concept, suggesting that the claims made in the Nautilus story might not have been entirely farfetched. |
-| [[Peter Crane]] | Peter Crane is the pseudonym Jim Schnabel gave a Lawrence Livermore physicist who ran off-hours tests of Uri Geller in late 1974 and called the CIA's Kit Green about the apparitions that followed. |
-| [[Peter Hurkos]] | Peter Hurkos was a Dutch psychic who gained international fame for his purported abilities, particularly psychometry—the act of divining information from an object through touch. |
-| [[Peter Maris]] | Peter Maris was a CIA physicist who, along with Ken Kress, an engineer from the Office of Technical Service (OTS), tasked Pat Price with remote viewing the mysterious Soviet military research facility at Semipalatinsk (URDF-3). |
-| [[Peter R. Phillips]] | Randi sent two young magicians, Steven Shaw and Michael Edwards, to Phillips's lab, where they pretended to possess psychokinetic abilities and simulated feats like spoon bending using sleight of hand. |
-| [[Peter Squire]] | Peter Squire is a program officer in the Office of Naval Research (ONR)'s Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism department. |
-| [[Peter Tompkins]] | American journalist, former OSS officer, and co-author of the 1973 bestseller The Secret Life of Plants on plant sentience. |
-| [[Phyllis Cole]] | Lab technician at SRI who demonstrated strong psychic talents in early remote viewing tests conducted by Hal Puthoff and Russell Targ. |
-| [[Qian Xuesen]] | Chinese rocket scientist who contributed to U.S. missile programs before deportation, later advocating paranormal research as the father of China's rocket program. |
-| [[R. S. Hawke]] | Hawke documented the results of one of these tests, stating that 'The magnetic pattern stored in the iron oxide layer of a magnetic program card was erased.' He concluded that 'Further experiments are warranted,' indicating a measurable effect from Geller's alleged abilities. |
-| [[Rajesh Rao]] | Rajesh Rao is a computational neuroscientist who collaborated with Andrea Stocco at the Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences (I-LABS) at the University of Washington in Seattle. |
-| [[Richard DeLauer]] | Richard DeLauer was the Undersecretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. |
-| [[Richard G. Stilwell]] | Retired U.S. Army four-star general who arranged John B. Alexander's transfer to INSCOM, bringing psychic research into military intelligence. |
-| [[Rob Cowart]] | Rob Cowart was a Captain in military intelligence and one of the two military intelligence officers personally trained by Ingo Swann in CRV techniques. |
-| [[Robert A. McConnell]] | Jung remarked on how some age-old mysteries never change, and that attempts to explain away seemingly miraculous results often fail against the facts. |
-| [[Robert Keenan]] | Colonel Robert Keenan was the commanding officer of the Systems Exploitation Detachment (SED) under the command of United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM). |
-| [[Robert Monroe]] | American businessman who founded The Monroe Institute, known for Hemi-Sync audio technology and out-of-body experience research used by Stargate remote viewers. |
-| [[Robert O. Becker]] | Becker's work convinced him that a microwave signal, such as the Moscow Signal, 'could affect the central nervous system, put people to sleep, interfere with decision making capacity and induce chronic stress'. |
-| [[Robert Van de Castle]] | Robert Van de Castle was a civilian psychologist who, along with George Lawrence and Ray Hyman, traveled to SRI to test Uri Geller's purported psychic abilities for ARPA. |
-| [[Rosemary Smith]] | Remote viewer associated with the Stargate Project who in 1976 allegedly located a lost Soviet spy plane. |
-| [[Rudolf Cordes]] | Rudolf Cordes was a West German hostage who was released by terrorists in September 1988. |
-| [[Rudolf Hess]] | Rudolf Hess was a prominent figure in Nazi Germany, serving as Adolf Hitler's deputy. |
-| [[Ruth Hefer]] | Ruth Hefer was a journalist who reported on Uri Geller's purported psychic abilities. |
-| [[Ruth Sinai]] | Ruth Sinai was a Washington correspondent for the Associated Press. |
-| [[Severin Dahlen]] | Severin Dahlen was a metallurgist who collaborated with Jack Houck, a Boeing Aerospace engineer, on research into psychokinesis (PK) and metal bending. |
-| [[Sheila Ostrander]] | Ostrander and Schroeder's work, which included accounts from figures like Eduard Naumov, contributed to the growing awareness and concern within the U.S. |
-| [[Sir Hubert Wilkins]] | Wilkins conducted experiments in Mind-to-Mind Telepathy, which he documented in his book *Thoughts Through Space: A Remarkable Adventure in the Realm of Mind*. |
-| [[Stephan Schwartz]] | Stephan Schwartz is a former naval officer and researcher who became deeply involved in psychic research, particularly in the area of Remote Viewing. |
-| [[Steve Hanson]] | Hanson was known to 'cool down' before a remote viewing session by reading Bible verses. |
-| [[Steve Holloway]] | Army civilian photo-interpreter and one of the original four candidates selected for the Gondola Wish remote viewing unit in the Stargate Project. |
-| [[Sybil Leek]] | Sybil Leek, known as 'Britain's most famous witch,' was an astrologer and author who was reportedly recruited by British Intelligence during World War II. |
-| [[Tang Yu]] | Tang Yu was a twelve-year-old boy in China who, in 1979, was reported to be able to read with his ears. |
-| [[Ted Koppel]] | During the broadcast, Koppel interviewed Dale Graff of the DIA and Robert Gates of the CIA. |
-| [[Theodore Flournoy]] | Flournoy believed that the content produced by mediums during trances, including foreign languages and detailed historical accounts, originated from their 'subliminal imagination' and forgotten sources, rather than from supernatural channeling. |
-| [[Tom McNear]] | Tom McNear was a Captain in military intelligence and one of the two original Ingo Swann trainees in CRV, starting in 1981. |
-| [[W. Ross Adey]] | Chief of staff at Veterans Hospital in Loma Linda and member of the Sun Streak science panel for the Stargate remote viewing program. |
-| [[Walter Schellenberg]] | Walter Schellenberg (1910–1952) was an SS-Brigadeführer and the head of foreign intelligence for Nazi Germany during World War II. |
-| [[William H. Bowers]] | According to Bergier's article, 'Thought Transfer, Weapon of War,' the experiment aimed to test long-distance telepathic communication through significant barriers. |
-| [[William James]] | James was also deeply interested in psychic phenomena and was one of the founders of the American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR) in 1885. |
-| [[William Livingston]] | Medical doctor who ran the CIA's weird desk investigating unusual medical issues, alien implants, and abduction cases related to UAP encounters. |
-| [[William Richard Higgins]] | William Richard Higgins was a Marine Lieutenant Colonel who served as chief of the United Nations Military Observer Group Lebanon. |
-| [[William Wolfe]] | Wolfe became Patty Hearst's lover within the SLA. |
-| [[William Xenakis]] | William Xenakis was a Lieutenant Colonel who commanded Detachment G, the Remote Viewing unit at Fort Meade. |
-| [[Wolfgang Pauli]] | Wolfgang Pauli (1900–1958) was an Austrian-American theoretical physicist and Nobel Laureate, known for his pioneering work on quantum mechanics, particularly the Pauli exclusion principle. |
-| [[Yakov Terletsky]] | Yakov Terletsky was the chairman of theoretical physics at Moscow University and a winner of the Laureate of the State Prize in the Soviet Union. |
--- a/Researchers.md
+++ b/Researchers.md
@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Scientists & Researchers
-
-Physicists, biologists, parapsychologists, and other researchers involved in psi or related scientific fields.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Allan H. Frey]] | In 1961, Frey discovered a radical new technology, later termed Synthetic Telepathy, where a microwave input signal allowed the brain to perceive a message as a voice transmission, even though it was a microwave beam. |
-| [[Edmond M. Dewan]] | Motivated by a desire to gain philosophical insight into the nature of Consciousness, Dewan trained himself and members of his research staff to modulate the brain's alpha rhythms. |
-| [[Eldon Byrd]] | Scientist and researcher connected to government programs in parapsychology and electromagnetic weapons research. |
-| [[Frederick A. Lindemann]] | Oxford scientist and Lord Cherwell who served as Churchill's chief science adviser and formed early connections with figures central to Israel's nuclear program origins. |
-| [[James Moore]] | James Moore was a chemist who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency on MKULTRA Subproject 58, a classified effort to locate and mass-produce the hallucinogenic mushroom *teonanáctl* (God's flesh) for intelligence use. |
-| [[Leonid Vasiliev|Leonid L. Vasilev]] | Vasilev asserted that the publication of articles like Jacques Bergier's 'Thought Transfer, Weapon of War' and 'The Secret of the Nautilus' in French journals stimulated Soviet parapsychology research. |
-| [[Leonid Vasiliev]] | By the early 1960s, Vasiliev was heading a well-funded parapsychology laboratory, and his work soon concentrated on 'remote-influencing' experiments, such as attempting to telepathically induce sleep in a distant receiver. |
-| [[Marcel Vogel]] | Researcher and scientist known for his work in crystal technology and consciousness studies. |
-| [[Meir Deshalit]] | Meir Deshalit, also known as Meme Deshalit, was an Israeli intelligence official and a close colleague of James Jesus Angleton. |
-| [[R. Gordon Wasson]] | Wasson and his wife, Valentina, a pediatrician, had been investigating a mushroom cult in Mexico. |
-| [[Richard S. Cesaro]] | Under Cesaro's direction, scientists with Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory constructed an elaborate facility inside the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. |
-| [[Robert Beck]] | File is a stub with minimal content; tagged as a Scientist & Researcher likely related to parapsychology or intelligence research. |
-| [[Samuel Koslov]] | Samuel Koslov was a top scientist for the U.S. |
--- a/Critics.md
+++ b/Critics.md
@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Skeptics & Critics
-
-Magicians, scientists, and writers who have debunked or criticized paranormal and psi claims.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Amnon Rubinstein]] | Amnon Rubinstein was a prominent Israeli legal scholar, politician, and television talk show host. |
-| [[Carl Sagan]] | Carl Sagan (1934–1996) was a renowned American cosmologist, astronomer, planetary scientist, and author. |
-| [[Eduard Naumov]] | Naumov's claims, along with other 'wild stories' from Soviet psi research, were later featured in the 1970 book *Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain* by Sheila Ostrander and Lynn Schroeder. |
-| [[Genady Sergeyev]] | Genady Sergeyev was a Soviet military doctor who oversaw experiments with the renowned psychic Ninel Kulagina. |
-| [[George Lawrence]] | George Lawrence was an ARPA project manager who, along with two civilian psychologists, Robert Van de Castle and Ray Hyman, traveled to SRI to test Uri Geller's purported psychic abilities. |
-| [[Gertrude Schmeidler]] | Gertrude Schmeidler was an experimental psychologist with a PhD from Harvard University. |
-| [[J. B. Rhine]] | American botanist who founded the parapsychology lab at Duke University and is considered a father of modern parapsychology. |
-| [[James Randi]] | James Randi (1928–2020), known as 'The Amazing Randi,' was a Canadian-American stage magician, escape artist, and a prominent scientific skeptic. |
-| [[John L. Wilhelm]] | Wilhelm's exposé centered on the U.S. |
-| [[Leon Jaroff]] | Leon Jaroff was a senior editor at *Time* magazine. |
-| [[Louis Andre]] | Louis Andre was an analyst with the DIA who worked on the case of William Richard Higgins, a Marine Lieutenant Colonel abducted in Lebanon in 1988. |
-| [[Martin Gardner]] | Martin Gardner (1914–2010) was an American science writer and a key figure in jump-starting the modern scientific skepticism movement. |
-| [[Milbourne Christopher]] | Milbourne Christopher was a renowned American stage magician and author. |
-| [[Ninel Kulagina]] | Ninel Kulagina (1926–1990), also known as Nina Kulagina, was a celebrated Soviet psychic and a decorated World War II hero, having served as a front-line soldier and tank radio operator for the Red Army. |
-| [[Paul Kurtz]] | Paul Kurtz (1925–2012) was an American philosopher and a prominent figure in the skeptical movement. |
-| [[Ray Hyman]] | Ray Hyman is a psychologist and a prominent figure in the scientific skepticism movement. |
-| [[Robert Lucky]] | He eventually conducted some of his own informal remote viewing experiments and became convinced of its reality, stating, 'Psychic stuff is really not much more far-fetched than some of the physics behind the laser.' His decision to publish the paper in a respected scientific journal contributed to |
-| [[Stefan Kanfer]] | Stefan Kanfer was a reporter for *Time* magazine. |
-| [[Steven Shaw]] | Steven Shaw was one of two young magicians, along with Michael Edwards, who participated in James Randi's hoax against the McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research at Washington University in 1983. |
-| [[Walter Levy]] | Walter Levy was an assistant to J. |
--- a/Phenomena.md
+++ b/Phenomena.md
@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# UFO & Anomalous Phenomena
-
-Individuals central to UFO/UAP research, disclosure, and related government programs.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Alex Dietrich]] | Lieutenant Commander Alex Dietrich is a U.S. |
-| [[Christopher Mellon]] | Christopher Mellon served for nearly two decades in the federal government, holding high-level positions in both the executive and legislative branches. |
-| [[Chuck Schumer]] | In the summer of 2023, Senator Schumer, along with a bipartisan group of senators including Marco Rubio and Mike Rounds, sponsored the UAP Disclosure Act. |
-| [[Daniel Inouye]] | As a highly respected and influential senator, and a decorated World War II veteran who had lost an arm in combat, Inouye was a key member of the bipartisan trio that controlled congressional spending for 'black budget' programs within the Pentagon. |
-| [[Dave Fravor]] | Commander Dave Fravor is a retired U.S. |
-| [[David Grusch]] | In 2023, Grusch went public with his allegations, testifying under oath before the House Oversight Committee's National Security Subcommittee. |
-| [[Eric Davis]] | Astrophysicist and AATIP contractor with high-level security clearances, alleged author of the Wilson-Davis Memo on UAP crash retrieval programs. |
-| [[Garry Nolan]] | Garry Nolan is a leading research scientist at Stanford University, specializing in genetics, immunology, and bioinformatics. |
-| [[Garry Reid]] | According to Elizondo, Garry Reid was part of a hostile leadership environment within the OUSD(I) that was determined to undermine and dismantle AATIP. |
-| [[Harry Reid]] | Senator Reid's interest in the UAP topic was sparked by his position as the senator for Nevada, the home of the highly classified Area 51 military installation. |
-| [[James Lacatski]] | Rocket scientist and DIA program leader who headed AAWSAP, the precursor to the AATIP UFO investigation program. |
-| [[James Mattis]] | Elizondo first met General Mattis in 2001 in Kandahar, Afghanistan, where Elizondo was serving as the counterintelligence coordinating authority. |
-| [[Jay Stratton]] | In early 2009, Jay Stratton, along with a colleague, approached Luis Elizondo to recruit him for a highly classified program at the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). |
-| [[Jim Semivan]] | Semivan joined the CIA in 1982 and served for twenty-five years, retiring in 2007 as a member of the Senior Intelligence Service. |
-| [[Kirsten Gillibrand]] | Senator Gillibrand has been a key ally in the bipartisan effort to pass UAP-related legislation. |
-| [[Luis Elizondo]] | Elizondo's upbringing was unconventional and deeply shaped by his father, Luis D. |
-| [[Marco Rubio]] | Senator Rubio was the chief sponsor of the bill that mandated the Director of National Intelligence to produce an unclassified report on UAP, which led to the landmark June 2021 'Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena.' He has been a vocal advocate for taking the UAP issue seriously, |
-| [[Robert Bigelow]] | Bigelow has had a lifelong obsession with UAP and paranormal occurrences, and he has used his personal fortune to fund research into these mysteries. |
-| [[Ronald Moultrie]] | In his testimony, Moultrie acknowledged the reality of UAP and the potential threat they pose to national security. |
-| [[Rosemary Caine]] | Rosemary Caine' is the pseudonym for a former intelligence case officer who, along with Jay Stratton, recruited Luis Elizondo into the Advanced Aerospace Weapons System Applications Program (AAWSAP), the precursor to the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP). |
-| [[Roswell L. Gilpatric]] | The report also suggested reconsidering a controversial American plan to create a multilateral force (MLF) that would give NATO members, including West Germans, a joint finger on the nuclear trigger. |
-| [[Ted Stevens]] | As a long-serving and powerful senator, Stevens was a key member of the bipartisan trio that controlled congressional spending for 'black budget' programs within the Pentagon. |
-| [[Tom DeLonge]] | DeLonge has had a lifelong interest in UAP and has used his celebrity to bring attention to the issue. |
--- a/Uncategorized.md
+++ b/Uncategorized.md
@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Uncategorized
-
-People who need further categorization.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]] | Algerian Foreign Minister who attempted to broker an accord with Iran over the American hostage crisis in 1980. |
-| [[Abdul Salam Jalloud]] | Major Abdul Salam Jalloud was the right-hand man of Col. |
-| [[Abimael Guzman Reynoso]] | In 1980, Guzmán proclaimed the armed struggle against the capitalist government in Lima, and the Shining Path grew into a powerful force, leading to the declaration of martial law in the department of Ayacucho by Peruvian President Alan Garcia. |
-| [[Adel Mohammad Atamna]] | Palestinian student and friend of Ari Ben-Menashe who was the target of an attempted SHABAK recruitment of Ben-Menashe as an informant. |
-| [[Ahmad Madani]] | Admiral Ahmad Madani was a significant figure in the Iranian military and politics. |
-| [[Alan Bond]] | In 1987, a contribution was made to the West Australian Labor Party from the CIA, involving Richard Babayan and Earl Brian acting on behalf of Hadron. |
-| [[Alan Sanders]] | In late 1985, Ari Ben-Menashe approached Sanders to purchase cluster bombs for Israel. |
-| [[Alexei N. Kosygin]] | Premier of the Soviet Union who flew to Cairo during the 1973 Yom Kippur War to persuade Sadat to accept a cease-fire, defusing a crisis that had triggered a U.S. nuclear alert. |
-| [[Ann Magori]] | After Ben-Menashe's arrest, Magori was contacted by Leon Siff and traveled to Los Angeles to see Ben-Menashe in jail. |
-| [[Ann-Marie Murphy]] | Ann-Marie Murphy was the Irish girlfriend of Nezar Hindawi. |
-| [[Anne Henderson-Pollard]] | Wife of Jonathan Pollard who was directly involved in her husband's espionage activities, helping photocopy and transfer classified intelligence documents to Israeli handlers. |
-| [[Art Suchesk]] | Former Green Beret who ran a CIA proprietary company called Hoffman Electronics, based in Zurich for front operations. |
-| [[Avraham Shalom]] | Avraham Shalom was the director of Shin Bet, Israel's internal security agency. |
-| [[Bep Hermans]] | Bep Hermans was a Dutch au pair who came to work for Andrija Puharich in 1956, taking care of his three young children after his wife, Jinny, was sent for psychiatric treatment. |
-| [[Bo Gritz]] | Gritz was indicted in May 1987 for using a false passport in the name of Patrick Richard Clark from Vancouver, Canada. |
-| [[Bob Schilly]] | California Highway Patrol Sergeant who reported on the Queen's Accident involving Mariposa Sheriff's personnel and Secret Service vehicles. |
-| [[Bobby Riconosciuto]] | Patrick Moriarty, Marshall Riconosciuto's business partner, paid for Bobby's stay in an exclusive suite at the Embassy Suites Hotel in Orange County, California. |
-| [[Bruno Ristau]] | Ristau had a long career with the DOJ, serving in the Internal Security Division and Civil Division from 1958 to 1963, and as Director of the Office of Foreign Litigation from 1963 to 1981. |
-| [[Charles Rehling]] | Charles Rehling leased an apartment in Homewood, Illinois, to John David Norman under the alias Steven Gurwell. |
-| [[Chou En-lai]] | Chou En-lai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from 1949 until his death in 1976. |
-| [[Claudius Vermilye]] | Claudius Vermilye established Father Bud's Boys Farm as a rural foster home incorporated under The Church of New Revelation in New Jersey. |
-| [[Cynthia McNamara]] | American citizen jailed in Peru on charges of aiding the Shining Path guerrilla group, whose release was secured by Ari Ben-Menashe at the request of the U.S. consul general. |
-| [[Dave Beavers]] | Beavers, a fifteen-year veteran of the sheriff's department, was ultimately forced out of the department and retired on stress leave. |
-| [[David Cram]] | David Cram was a 20-year-old employee of John Wayne Gacy's construction company, PDM, and began living with Gacy at his Norwood Park house in May 1976. |
-| [[David Owen Brooks]] | David Owen Brooks (born February 14, 1955) functioned as a teenage accomplice to serial killer Dean Corll in the Dean Corll Murders from 1970 to 1973. |
-| [[David Smith]] | David Smith was a former BBC chauffeur and convicted pedophile with 22 prior convictions against young boys, the earliest of which dated back to 1966. |
-| [[Dean Corll]] | Dean Arnold Corll (December 24, 1939 – August 8, 1973), known as the Candyman Killer, was an American serial killer who murdered at least 28 teenage boys and young men in Houston, Texas, between 1970 and 1973. |
-| [[Donald A. Bejcek]] | Secret Service agent killed in the 1983 Queen's Accident head-on collision while scouting Queen Elizabeth II's motorcade route. |
-| [[Donald Robinson]] | Secret Service agent killed in the 1983 Queen's Accident collision while scouting Queen Elizabeth II's motorcade route. |
-| [[Dyer Grossman]] | Key figure in 1970s child exploitation networks who co-drafted the charter for Brother Paul's Children's Mission enabling transport of boys to North Fox Island. |
-| [[Eddy Erdelatz]] | Former San Francisco Police inspector who investigated Paul Morasca's 1982 homicide and its connection to Philip Arthur Thompson. |
-| [[Fidel Castro]] | Leader of Cuba targeted by CIA assassination plots involving organized crime figures Sam Giancana, Johnny Rosselli, and Santos Trafficante. |
-| [[Frank Chevrier]] | After Chevrier's fortunes changed and FXC International became a significant company, the CIA approached him with the idea of opening an aircraft division. |
-| [[Fred Ghanem]] | Figure with expertise on Lebanese communities used by DEA for controlled heroin deliveries; relative of FIDCO's Maurice Ghanem. |
-| [[Frederick G. Watts]] | Person referenced in vault research whose file remains incomplete and requires further documentation. |
-| [[George Otis]] | In 1970, Otis, along with Pat Boone, Shirley Boone, and Harold Bredesen, prayed with then-California Governor Ronald Reagan at his home in Sacramento. |
-| [[George P. LaBarge]] | Secret Service agent killed in the 1983 Queen's Accident head-on collision with a Mariposa County Sheriff's vehicle while scouting Queen Elizabeth II's motorcade route. |
-| [[Gerald Richards]] | Gerald Richards, full name Gerald Stewart Richards, was a high school gym teacher in Port Huron, Michigan, who also worked as a masseuse, magician, hypnotist, and Republican candidate for local government. |
-| [[Gerard Messadie]] | Gérald Messadié was the editor of *Science et Vie*, a top French science journal. |
-| [[Glen R. Shockley]] | Shockley's name appeared in Michael Riconosciuto's statement to the FBI, where Riconosciuto claimed that Robert Booth Nichols 'runs Glen R. |
-| [[Gourdji]] | In Palestine in 1940, Gourdji was involved with LEHI (Fighters for the Liberation of Israel), also known as the Stern Gang, a Jewish terrorist group. |
-| [[Grigori Rasputin]] | Grigori Rasputin was a Russian mystic and self-proclaimed holy man who exerted significant influence over the late Russian Imperial family. |
-| [[Hans Mayers]] | In September 1988, Ari Ben-Menashe visited the plant and met Mayers, who attempted to conceal the true purpose of the facility. |
-| [[Hunt brothers]] | The Hunt brothers were a wealthy family from Texas. |
-| [[Iris]] | LAKAM representative in Washington D.C. who served as an intelligence conduit between Robert McFarlane, Jonathan Pollard, and Rafi Eitan. |
-| [[J.H.]] | Retired FBI agent in Fresno who served as a contact for Cheri Seymour and Michael Riconosciuto during investigations into drug trafficking and PROMIS. |
-| [[James Jesus Angleton]] | James Jesus Angleton was the CIA's director of counterintelligence and was also responsible for liaison with Israel. |
-| [[James M. Etheridge]] | On the 1969 team that created PROMIS under Joan E. |
-| [[James V. Desarno, Jr.]] | Assistant Special Agent in Charge from the FBI's D.C. Metropolitan Office, present at Paul Wilcher's apartment after his death. |
-| [[James Walker]] | James Walker is the Chief Security Specialist with the Justice Management Division, having been employed by the DOJ for eight years. |
-| [[Janise]] | A person referenced in this research vault with limited available information. |
-| [[Jeruham Kafkafi]] | Jeruham Kafkafi was an Israeli scientific attaché. |
-| [[Jill Robinson]] | Jill Robinson was a 12-year-old girl abducted in Oakland County, Michigan. |
-| [[Joe King]] | U.S. Customs Service agent involved in the Hashemi sting operation targeting Israeli intelligence arms sales to Iran. |
-| [[Joe Peeples]] | Texan businessman who devised a fraudulent solar energy scheme with Yaacov Meridor to sell to the Hunt brothers for $2 million. |
-| [[John Butkovich]] | John Butkovich was an 18-year-old teenager employed by John Wayne Gacy's construction company, Painting Decorating Maintenance, in the Chicago, Illinois, area during the mid-1970s. |
-| [[John Di Giorgio]] | Former Austrian citizen and undercover informant working against Ben Kalka for the California DOJ, central to a massive methamphetamine reverse sting operation. |
-| [[John L. Gizzarelli]] | John Laurence Gizzarelli, Jr., was born in Quincy, MA in 1938. |
-| [[John Lisica]] | Undercover U.S. Customs agent who operated under alias 'Lettner' in a sting operation targeting Ari Ben-Menashe over arms sales to Iran. |
-| [[John M. Middleton]] | Worked on the team developing the original 1969 PROMIS under Joan E. |
-| [[John Paul Vukasin, Jr.]] | U.S. District Court Judge and political ally of Edwin Meese III accused of acting as a damage control agent for the DOJ in PROMIS scandal cases. |
-| [[John Schoolmeister]] | John Schoolmeister was employed by the U.S. |
-| [[John St. John]] | During the process of opening a grand jury investigation into the mob's involvement in the motion picture industry, St. |
-| [[John Szyc]] | John Szyc graduated from Maine West High School in 1975 at age 18, establishing his roots in the Des Plaines, Illinois, area before entering the workforce. |
-| [[John Wayne Gacy]] | John Wayne Gacy (March 17, 1942 – May 10, 1994) murdered at least 33 young men and boys in the Chicago, Illinois, area during the 1970s. |
-| [[Joseph Cuellar]] | Casolaro confided to friends that he was unnerved by this supposedly chance meeting. |
-| [[Joseph F. Preloznik]] | Nichols stated to Preloznik, 'Should there be any questions with regard to my credibility, verification can be made through F.I.D.C.O.. |
-| [[Joseph O'Toole]] | In April 1989, O'Toole was involved in a deal to sell three C-130s to Tehran, working with Richard St. |
-| [[Karl Hobi]] | Karl Hobi was a Swiss pedophile and founding member of the Swiss Paedophile Association alongside Beat Meier. |
-| [[Kay Ritter]] | Former Mariposa Grand Jury Forewoman and key figure in D.I.G., an organization formed to expose corruption in Mariposa County. |
-| [[Khatoun]] | In July 1966, Khatoun took Ari and his sisters, Claris, Evon, and Stella, to Israel, where Stella and Ari were enrolled at the American International School in Kfar Smaryahu. |
-| [[Kristine Mihelich]] | Kristine Mihelich was a 10-year-old girl identified as the third victim in the series of murders attributed to the Oakland County Child Killer. |
-| [[Leon Siff]] | In October 1989, Ari Ben-Menashe visited Siff in Los Angeles. |
-| [[Leslie Van Meter]] | On March 23, 1984, Leslie Van Meter filed a Citizen's Complaint with the Mariposa County Sheriff's Department, alleging negligence and unprofessionalism in the investigation of her husband's disappearance, as his body had still not been found. |
-| [[Lothar Glandorf]] | Lothar Glandorf was a German child trafficker operating boy brothels in Rotterdam and Berlin during the early 1990s. |
-| [[Luis D. Elizondo III]] | Cuban exile and father of Luis Elizondo whose revolutionary past and unconventional influence shaped his son's intelligence career. |
-| [[Manfred Herrmann]] | Herrmann was recruited to represent Ora, an Israeli arms-running company, in Guatemala. |
-| [[Mark Kesselman]] | Mark Kesselman was formerly associated with Allen and Company in New York City, a Wall Street Investment Bank. |
-| [[Mark Stebbins]] | Mark Stebbins was a 12-year-old boy from Ferndale, Michigan, identified as the first victim in the series of murders attributed to the Oakland County Child Killer. |
-| [[Marshall Riconosciuto]] | In 1981, Hercules Research Corporation developed a small electronic power supply designed to feed 30,000 volts of electricity to a METC (Modular Energy Transfer Catalyzer) unit, which could significantly reduce heating and cooling times in various industrial processes. |
-| [[Mason O. Lidell Jr.]] | After entering the apartment and getting a brief glance at the body and the apartment, Lidell was ordered to leave. |
-| [[Matthew Livelsberger]] | Matthew Alan Livelsberger was born July 22, 1987 in Arizona. |
-| [[Maurice Ghanem]] | CIA-linked figure in Lebanon who worked with Michael Riconosciuto and George K. Pender on FIDCO's redevelopment operations. |
-| [[Meir Meir]] | Colonel Meir Meir was the chief of the External Relations Department (ERD) of the Israel Defense Forces/Military Intelligence. |
-| [[Michael Dennis Rohan]] | Australian member of the Church of God who carried out the 1969 arson attack on Jerusalem's El Aqsa Mosque, allegedly connected to the Jewish Defense League. |
-| [[Michael Salcido]] | Michael Salcido was as a victim of child sexual abuse by John David Norman in Chicago, Illinois. |
-| [[Mike Timpani]] | In April 1989, Timpani was involved in a deal to sell three C-130s to Tehran, working with Richard St. |
-| [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] | Under the Shah, Iran maintained good relations with 'moderate pro-American Arab countries' such as Egypt, Jordan, and the Emirates. |
-| [[Moshe Hebroni]] | Major Moshe Hebroni was the chief of staff for the director of Israeli Military Intelligence, Yehoshua Sagi. |
-| [[Muammar Qaddafi]] | Libyan leader who pressured African nations to cut ties with Israel and was linked to the disappearance of Shi'ite leader Sheikh Mussa Sadr. |
-| [[Nezar Hindawi]] | Hindawi was instructed to ensure his pregnant Irish girlfriend, Ann-Marie Murphy, boarded an El Al flight with explosives in her bag. |
-| [[Norma H. Johnson]] | Judge Johnson became a central figure in the allegations surrounding Judge Bason's non-reappointment. |
-| [[Patrick McGuire]] | McGuire also provided a Declaration on behalf of Jimmy Hughes. |
-| [[Patrick Moriarty]] | In 1981, Moriarty and Marshall Riconosciuto had funded 15 years of research, investing approximately $1 million of their own money, into developing a small electronic power supply for a METC (Modular Energy Transfer Catalyzer) unit, which could significantly reduce heating and cooling times in food |
-| [[Paul Berkowitz]] | Park ranger who testified before Congress about drug distribution by Curry Company officials in Yosemite National Park. |
-| [[Paul Morasca]] | Morasca's death occurred just six months after the execution-style triple homicide of former Cabazon Tribal Council vice-chairman Fred Alvarez and his friends, Ralph Boger and Patricia Castro, in Rancho Mirage, California. |
-| [[Paul Paige]] | Paige confronted Ron Van Meter after Van Meter reported drug dealing and corruption within the Mariposa Sheriff's Department to the Attorney General's office in Sacramento. |
-| [[Pesach Ben-Or]] | In 1984, Israeli intelligence, with the backing of the Americans, agreed to continue selling weapons to the Guatemalan government through the Eagle company. |
-| [[Peter Bradford]] | Peter Bradford was a wealthy individual who owned Adelphi Academies, a private children’s school in Florida. |
-| [[Peter Glencross]] | Peter Glencross served as the commercial agent and commercial manager for Spartacus International, which was operated by John Stamford from Amsterdam. |
-| [[Peter Hayman]] | Sir Peter Hayman served as deputy-director of MI6 and was a known pedophile within Margaret Thatcher's inner circle. |
-| [[Pieter Van Der Westhuizen]] | In 1983, Mark Thatcher introduced Gerald Bull to Van Der Westhuizen, who then connected Bull with ARMSCOR for his 'supergun' project. |
-| [[Rafael Cordova]] | Colonel Rafael Cordova was the head of military operations in Ayacucho, Peru. |
-| [[Ralph Olberg]] | Discussions included the Mujahideen's willingness to field test new and esoteric weapons and return research reports with photos. |
-| [[Raymond Lavas]] | Lavas also turned some of Michael Riconosciuto's disks over to the Jack Brooks investigative committee (House Judiciary Committee on INSLAW). |
-| [[Regina Zokosky]] | Wife of Peter Zokosky who contradicted her husband's assertion that Danny Casolaro committed suicide. |
-| [[Rhonda Louise Williams]] | Rhonda Louise Williams was a 15-year-old resident of Houston, Texas, in 1973. |
-| [[Richard V. Allen|Richard Allen]] | National security figure connected to the Carter and Reagan administrations who attended the October 1980 Washington meeting on Iran. |
-| [[Richard Arnold]] | His Navy research career began in 1999 when he was commissioned as a US Naval Aerospace Experimental Psychologist. |
-| [[Richard St. Francis]] | Connecticut businessman and TransCapital employee involved in C-130 aircraft sales to Iran and indicted alongside Ari Ben-Menashe. |
-| [[Robert Barnes]] | Barnes was involved in a 'reverse sting' operation where methamphetamine precursors were reportedly supplied to Ben Kalka. |
-| [[Robert Corson]] | Corson was reported to have carried money to South America in a deal to deliver covert weapons. |
-| [[Robert Piest]] | Robert Piest was a 15-year-old student at Maine West High School and employee at a pharmacy in Des Plaines, Illinois. |
-| [[Robert Whitaker]] | Worked on the team developing the original 1969 PROMIS under Joan E. |
-| [[Roberto]] | Head of the English department at the University of San Cristobal in Peru and a national leader of the Shining Path guerrilla movement. |
-| [[Rod Cusic]] | Cusic, a seventeen-year veteran, was ultimately forced out of the department and retired on stress leave. |
-| [[Roderick Sinclair]] | Nurses present when Sinclair was brought into Fremont Hospital confided that he had been drugged on the day of the accident, receiving huge daily shots of Demerol. |
-| [[Roger Whelan]] | Roger Whelan was the bankruptcy judge who preceded Judge Bason in the District of Columbia. |
-| [[Romeo]] | U.S. Customs Service agent who partnered with Joe King on the Hashemi sting operation targeting Israeli intelligence arms sales to Iran. |
-| [[Ron Van Meter]] | Official reports listed his death as a drowning. |
-| [[Ronald Caffrey]] | Acting assistant administrator of the DEA operational division who explained the Khourah controlled delivery drug operation. |
-| [[Samuel Halpern]] | Samuel Halpern was a Jewish American who served for years as executive assistant to the director of the CIA's clandestine services. |
-| [[Sanford McDonnell]] | American engineer and CEO of McDonnell Douglas Corporation, member of FGBMFI connected to the PROMIS scandal network. |
-| [[Sasson Yishaek]] | Lieutenant Colonel in Israeli Military Intelligence who commanded Unit 8206's code-breaking department and recruited Ari Ben-Menashe. |
-| [[Shaula Brent]] | Brent and her friend, Barbara Locke, who also worked at the hospital, were suspicious about Sinclair's hospital records. |
-| [[Sheikh Mussa Sadr]] | Shi'ite leader from southern Lebanon who disappeared during a 1978 visit to Libya, believed to have been killed by Libyan authorities. |
-| [[Shira]] | Daughter of Ari Ben-Menashe and Ora Ben-Shalom, born in 1988 during the period of her father's intelligence activities. |
-| [[Shulamit Ingerman]] | Israeli civilian cryptographer and head of the Iranian desk in Unit 8200 who played a key role in Ari Ben-Menashe's intelligence career. |
-| [[Sidney Cooke]] | Sidney Cooke led a gang of murderous pedophiles known as the 'Dirty Dozen' who were convicted of the abduction, rape, and murder of three boys during the 1980s. |
-| [[Simon Gabbay]] | Israeli intelligence asset in Paris who coordinated the October 1980 Paris meeting between Israeli, Iranian, and American delegations. |
-| [[Soo Lee]] | Soo Lee was on the original team developing what became PROMIS for the U.S. |
-| [[Stanley H. Turner]] | Assistant Director for Research and Analysis at the Office of Crime Analysis of the District of Columbia underneath Joan E. |
-| [[Ted Gunderson]] | Gunderson became deeply involved in the investigation of corruption and drug rings within Mariposa County, California, after being approached by the D.I.G. |
-| [[Tim Osman]] | Discussions included the Mujahideen's willingness to field test new and esoteric weapons and return research reports with photos. |
-| [[Timothy Cordell Kerley]] | Timothy Cordell Kerley was a 20-year-old resident of the Pasadena, Texas, area in 1973. |
-| [[Timothy King]] | Timothy King was an 11-year-old boy identified as the fourth victim in the Oakland County Child Killer case during the mid-1970s in Michigan. |
-| [[Tina Sinatra]] | Daughter of Frank Sinatra who expressed interest in adapting The Last Circle and the PROMIS scandal for film or television. |
-| [[Tom Walsh]] | Walsh also provided Cheri Seymour with a significant piece of information regarding Judge Robert E. |
-| [[Yaacov Meridor]] | Meridor became embroiled in a scandal when he, along with Joe Peeples and a Romanian expatriate, attempted to sell a theoretically feasible but practically impossible solar energy system to the Hunt brothers of Texas for $2 million. |
-| [[Yasser Arafat]] | During the Gulf War in 1991, Arafat publicly supported Iraq against the United States, which led to him losing his standing and money sources from Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states. |
-| [[Yoav Shacham]] | Yoav Shacham was an Israeli grain trader and alleged spy who significantly influenced Uri Geller's early life and aspirations. |
-| [[Yosef Zeira]] | Colonel Yosef Zeira was a stern department commander in Unit 8200, an Israeli Signals Intelligence (Sigint) unit. |
--- a/PEOPLE/MOC
+++ b/PEOPLE/MOC
@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# World War II & Nazi Era
-
-Figures from the World War II and Nazi era, including occultists and scientists.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Alfredo Stroessner]] | In September 1988, Ari Ben-Menashe met with Stroessner to persuade him to close down Cardoen Industries' chemical plant in Paraguay, which was producing chemical weapons for Iraq. |
-| [[Bernard Baruch]] | Bernard Baruch was an American financier and statesman. |
-| [[Cecile Beernaert]] | Cecile Beernaert, grandmother of witness Regina Louf (X1), operated a brothel at a hotel-villa in Knokke-Heist, Belgium, during World War II, catering to Nazi officers stationed in the area. |
-| [[Chaim Weizmann]] | Chaim Weizmann was a Russian-Jewish biochemist and prominent Zionist leader. |
-| [[Ernst David Bergmann]] | Ernst David Bergmann was a German-born Israeli organic chemist, widely considered the scientific father of the Israeli nuclear bomb. |
-| [[Fazle Haq]] | Fazle Haq was a Pakistani general who smuggled U.S. |
-| [[Herman F. Mark]] | Mark was driven out of Europe in 1938 by the Nazis and eventually became dean of faculty at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, turning it into a haven for Jewish refugees, including Chaim Weizmann. |
-| [[Ihsan Barbouti]] | Barbouti procured artillery cups for Cardoen's Santiago-produced chemical weapons from West Germany. |
-| [[Joe Biden]] | Joe Biden was a United States President and Senator from Delaware whose political career was closely tied to the DuPont family. |
-| [[Junio Valerio Borghese]] | Junio Valerio Borghese, known as the Black Prince of Borghese, was an Italian aristocrat descended from the Borghese family of the Italian black nobility. |
-| [[Karl Maria Wiligut]] | Karl Maria Wiligut (1866–1946) was an Austrian occultist and SS-Brigadeführer who advised Heinrich Himmler on esoteric matters within Nazi Germany. |
-| [[Louis de Wohl]] | Louis de Wohl was a German-born Hungarian astrologer and British citizen who became a key figure in Allied black propaganda during World War II. |
-| [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] | Johnson's ties to Israel were strong, influenced by his close advisers like Abe Fortas and Edwin L. |
-| [[Michel Caignet]] | Michel Caignet, a Belgian neo-Nazi, published the Gaie France magazine in the 1980s and 1990s, a pedophile publication that served as a front for distributing child abuse materials. |
-| [[Nicolas Glencross]] | Nicolas Glencross was a British-born French priest who was the uncle of Peter Glencross, the commercial agent for John Stamford's Spartacus International responsible for turning the Elm Guest House into a Club Spartacus spa bath. |
-| [[Samuel Goudsmit]] | Samuel Goudsmit was a Dutch-American nuclear physicist who served as the scientific head of Operation Alsos, an elite U.S. |
-| [[Wernher von Braun]] | Wernher von Braun (1912–1977) was a German-American aerospace engineer and space architect, widely regarded as one of the fathers of rocket technology and space science in both Nazi Germany and the United States. |
-| [[Wilhelm Wulff]] | Wilhelm Wulff was a German astrologer who became a personal astrologer to Heinrich Himmler, the Reichsführer-SS. |
-| [[William Stephenson]] | Sir William Stephenson (1896–1989), famously known as 'Intrepid' by Winston Churchill, was a Canadian intelligence officer who headed British Intelligence's operational arm in America, the British Security Coordination Office. |
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/DATAVIEW
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/DATAVIEW
@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Organizations Index
-
-This Map of Content (MOC) auto-generates index tables for all organizations in The Info Web using Dataview queries. Pages are automatically included based on their `category` frontmatter field.
-
-To recategorize an organization, edit its page's frontmatter `category` field.
-
---
-
-## U.S. Government
-Federal agencies, military branches, law enforcement, and government offices of the United States.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "20 - ORGANIZATIONS"
-WHERE category = "U.S. Government"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Foreign Government
-Intelligence agencies, political parties, military forces, and government bodies of other nations.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "20 - ORGANIZATIONS"
-WHERE category = "Foreign Government"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## International Bodies
-Multinational organizations and intergovernmental agencies.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "20 - ORGANIZATIONS"
-WHERE category = "International Body"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Paramilitary
-Guerrilla groups, rebel armies, militias, and military factions.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "20 - ORGANIZATIONS"
-WHERE category = "Paramilitary"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Private Organizations
-Corporations, banks, media outlets, research institutes, crime syndicates, and other non-governmental entities.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "20 - ORGANIZATIONS"
-WHERE category = "Private Organization"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
---
-
-## Stats
-
-```dataview
-TABLE length(rows) AS Count
-FROM "20 - ORGANIZATIONS"
-WHERE category
-GROUP BY category
-SORT length(rows) DESC
-```
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/USA/Lawrence
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/GOVERNMENT/USA/Lawrence
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 created: 2025-07-22
-updated: 2025-07-22
+updated: 2026-10-05
 title: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
 tags:
  - organization
@ -16,11 +16,23 @@ location: "Livermore, California"

 By the late 1960s, much of the [[United States]]' primary analysis of nuclear intelligence had shifted to laboratories like Livermore and [[Los Alamos]], where intelligence units dealing with the [[Soviet Union]] and [[China]] had been set up after World War II. These units began monitoring the transfer of nuclear technology and countries viewed as "nth" nations, or near-nuclear countries. Any interesting intelligence on [[Israel]] was then routed to Livermore through the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s Office of Science and Technology, headed by [[Carl E. Duckett]].[^2]

-In 1974, some Livermore personnel, aware of the psychic experiments at [[Stanford Research Institute]] (SRI) and the public feats of [[Uri Geller]], became concerned about the potential security threat posed by psychokinesis. A small group, including the security officer [[Ron Robertson]] and the physicist [[Jim Schnabel]] called [[Peter Crane]], began conducting their own experiments with Geller outside of work hours.[^1]
+### Uri Geller tests, 1974 to 1975

-While their tests concluded that Geller's psychokinetic abilities were not effective over long distances, and thus posed no threat to nuclear weapons, the Livermore group experienced a series of bizarre, hallucination-inducing phenomena after their involvement with Geller. These included hovering, monochrome flying saucer images, and fantastic animals appearing in their homes and labs. This culminated in a visit from [[Kit Green]] of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] to investigate the strange occurrences.[^1]
+A CIA staff report filed with a Reuters item of November 4, 1974 records that its writer received a telephone call "on 23 October" from a "Security Officer" of the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, who said the laboratory had "just spent two days in the laboratory testing Geller." Forty AEC scientists took part in a month-long program designing the experiments, the equipment cost $20,069, and [[Uri Geller]] showed "unequivical evidence" of paranormal ability under conditions that the Livermore project team "certified" fraud and cheat-proof, according to the caller. Geller was monitored by four kinds of magnetometers, neutron counters, active and passive infrared, low-light and normal video, and motion picture film, partly covertly; the memo records erasure of "predetermined portions of HP" program cards, a second series planned for the second week of December, and arrangements for testing at [[NASA Ames Research Center]]. The writer notes that the information "was received anecdotally" from a security officer who was not an experimenter.[^3]
+
+The engineer [[R. S. Hawke]] of the laboratory's Electronics Engineering Department is named as Geller's host in [[Charles Panati]]'s *The Geller Papers* (1976) and in Geller's own 1986 account: four computer program cards carrying magnetic patterns were targets, and two that Geller rubbed were afterward rejected by a Hewlett-Packard 65 calculator, with a magnetic viewer showing altered patterns, according to Hawke's paper "Magnetic Pattern Erasure." Panati dates the meeting to late 1974 and says "no formal testing" was undertaken.[^4] Geller wrote that "Ron Robertson of the Atomic Energy Commission," one of the laboratory's security men, wondered whether such an ability could trigger a nuclear explosion or a malfunction, a remark Geller attributes to the Time reporter [[John L. Wilhelm|John Wilhelm]]'s 1976 book *The Search for Superman*.[^5]
+
+[[Annie Jacobsen]] places classified tests in the winter of 1975 in an old wooden World War II barracks adjacent to the laboratory, with lasers and magnetic cards in a lead container, and has Robertson telephone [[Kit Green]] of the Central Intelligence Agency after two days; Jacobsen quotes Green that the engineers held top-secret clearances and that "two of the Livermore scientists quit."[^6] [[Jim Schnabel]]'s *Remote Viewers* (1997) dates the group's own after-hours tests to late 1974 and gives the physicists the pseudonyms [[Peter Crane]], [[Mike Russo]] and [[Don Curtis]]. In Schnabel's account the group experienced hovering monochrome saucers, large raven-like birds and a hooked, one-armed apparition; a metallic voice on a Geller audiotape pronounced the code name of a classified project; and the group stopped after a telephone call from the voice. The group's own tests, in Schnabel's account, concluded that Geller's abilities did not work over long distances and so posed no threat to nuclear weapons.[^7]
+
+In January 1979 Hawke wrote an outline of acoustic emission experiments with two subjects reputed to bend metal, reporting "at least 4 clear instances of A.E. events" with the spoon untouched, and in autumn 1979 members of the Army's [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]] visited his laboratory; its December 1979 report called his experiments "the most objective and scientific of the investigations we have reviewed." On December 26, 1979 Hawke wrote [[Department of Energy]] official Ruth M. Davis that a one-year program would need the equivalent of five to seven full-time staff and that director Roger Batzel, associate director for engineering Henry McDonald and associate director for administration Dale Nielsen had been consulted.[^8]

 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers*. Dell, 1997.
-[^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 11.
+[^2]: Hersh, Seymour M. *The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy*. Random House, 1991. Chapter 11.
+[^3]: CIA-RDP79-00999A000200010023-0, https://archive.org/download/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp79-00999a000200010023-0/cia-rdp79-00999a000200010023-0_djvu.txt. Sole source for the passages so cited.
+[^4]: Charles Panati, ed., *The Geller Papers* (Houghton Mifflin, 1976), introduction, https://urigeller.com/scientific-paranormal/the-geller-papers/introduction/; Uri Geller and Guy Lyon Playfair, *The Geller Effect* (Jonathan Cape, 1986).
+[^5]: Geller and Playfair, *The Geller Effect*, citing John Wilhelm, *The Search for Superman* (Pocket Books, 1976).
+[^6]: Annie Jacobsen, *Phenomena* (Little, Brown, 2017).
+[^7]: Jim Schnabel, *Remote Viewers* (Dell, 1997), as excerpted at https://rudy.substack.com/p/dr-green-and-the-goblins-of-langley.
+[^8]: R. S. Hawke, "Outline of Acoustic Emission Experiments...," January 11, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100001-9; Hawke to Ruth M. Davis, December 26, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100100003-7; *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee*, December 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5, Annex 7 (all at archive.org/download/<id>/<id>_djvu.txt).
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/KEY
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/KEY
@ -1,349 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Organizations Index
-
-This Map of Content (MOC) auto-generates index tables for all organizations in The Info Web using Dataview queries. Pages are automatically included based on their `category` frontmatter field.
-
-To recategorize an organization, edit its page's frontmatter `category` field.
-
---
-
-## U.S. Government
-Federal agencies, military branches, law enforcement, and government offices of the United States.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Advanced Research Projects Agency]] | The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), now known as DARPA, was a U.S. government agency that funded advanced technological research including early classified investigations into psychic phenomena during the Cold War. |
-| [[Air Force Technical Applications Center]] | The Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC) is a unit of the United States Air Force responsible for operating and maintaining a global network of sensors to detect nuclear explosions. |
-| [[All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office]] | The All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) is the official office within the United States Department of Defense tasked with investigating Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP). |
-| [[Arms Control and Disarmament Agency]] | The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) was a U.S. government agency responsible for nuclear and conventional arms control policy, whose deputy general counsel Charles N. Van Doren contributed to proliferation discussions including the Gilpatric report. |
-| [[Army Intelligence Agency]] | The Army Intelligence Agency (USAINTA) was a component of the U.S. Army's intelligence apparatus that merged with the Army Security Agency in 1977 to form INSCOM, under whose structure Edmund Thompson oversaw the Grill Flame remote viewing program. |
-| [[Army Security Agency]] | The Army Security Agency (ASA) was a U.S. Army organization responsible for signals intelligence and communications security. |
-| [[Atomic Energy Commission]] | An Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) is a governmental body responsible for the oversight and regulation of nuclear energy and related activities within a country. |
-| [[California Attorney General's Office]] | The California Attorney General's Office is the chief law enforcement agency for the state of California. |
-| [[California Highway Patrol]] | The California Highway Patrol is California's state police agency whose investigation of the 1983 'Queen's accident' - a collision involving a Mariposa County Sheriff's vehicle and a Secret Service car - was reportedly suppressed after the state Attorney General's office discarded its report. |
-| [[Central Intelligence Agency]] | The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is the principal U.S. civilian foreign intelligence service, established by the National Security Act of 1947 and headquartered at Langley, Virginia. |
-| [[Collins Elite]] | The Collins Elite is the name given by Luis Elizondo to a powerful, shadowy group of religious fundamentalists within the Department of Defense (DoD) who allegedly worked to sabotage the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) and... |
-| [[Criminal Investigation Division]] | The Criminal Investigation Division (CID) is the investigative branch responsible for serious crimes within military and police jurisdictions, whose Army division is connected in this vault to figures in the Octopus network including Roderick Sinclair Jr. |
-| [[DARPA]] | The DARPA (DARPA) is the modern name for the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). It is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the... |
-| [[DEA]] | The Drug Enforcement Administration was the principal federal anti-narcotics agency that possessed extensive knowledge of Danilo Blandón's cocaine trafficking as early as 1981 yet took no action while he received U.S. political asylum. |
-| [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] | The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is a major intelligence agency of the United States, specializing in defense and military intelligence. |
-| [[Democratic Party]] | The Democratic Party is one of the two major American political parties, whose presidential campaigns from 1960 onward were substantially funded by Abraham Feinberg - the most important Jewish fundraiser for the party - in exchange for continued Democratic support for Israel. |
-| [[Department of Defense]] | The Department of Defense (DoD) is an executive branch department of the U.S. federal government charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government concerned directly with national security and the United States... |
-| [[Department of Justice]] | The federal department of prosecutors, the FBI, the DEA and the U.S. Attorneys, in the vault the defendant in the INSLAW case, the obstructor found by the BCCI and BNL inquiries, the CIA's partner in the 1954 and 1982 understandings on prosecution, and the investigator of The Finders. |
-| [[Director of Central Intelligence]] | The Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) was a dual-hatted position that served as both the head of the U.S. intelligence community and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency from 1946 to 2005. |
-| [[DOTBCA]] | The Department of Transportation Board of Contract Appeals (DOTBCA) was the forum where various disputes and related claims arising under the implementation contract between Inslaw Corporation and the United States Department of Justice were pending. |
-| [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] | The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. |
-| [[Financial Crimes Enforcement Network]] | The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network is a bureau of the United States Department of the Treasury that collects and analyzes information about financial transactions to combat domestic and international money laundering, terrorist financing, and... |
-| [[Iran Group]] | The Iran Group was a CIA unit created after the October 1980 Paris meeting, headed by Robert Gates, whose members including George Cave coordinated arms sales to Iran through Israeli intermediaries. |
-| [[Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory]] | The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) is a not-for-profit university-affiliated research center that serves as a technical resource for the Department of Defense, NASA, and other government agencies. |
-| [[Laguna Beach Police Department]] | The Laguna Beach Police Department employed Ron Lister, a former officer who became Danilo Blandón's partner in drug trafficking and weapons procurement with claimed CIA connections. |
-| [[LAPD]] | Municipal police department that witnessed but failed to identify the emergence of crack cocaine in South Central L.A. in 1982. |
-| [[LASD Major Violators]] | Elite narcotics units of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department that investigated the Blandon-Ross cocaine network and were considered among the best drug detectives in the nation. |
-| [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a U.S. federal research facility in Livermore, California, serving alongside Los Alamos as one of the two primary institutions responsible for American nuclear weapons research and development. |
-| [[LEAA]] | The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration was funded by a 1968 omnibus crime bill from Lyndon B. Johnson and provided hundreds of millions of dollars of grants for programs to further law enforcement and judicial assistance within the United... |
-| [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office]] | The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department played a key role in investigating the Contra-connected cocaine network, arresting Danilo Blandón before being ordered to release him and return seized evidence. |
-| [[NAMRL]] | The United States Navy Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory (NAMRL) at NAMRU-D conducts basic and applied research and development in the biomedical and allied sciences to better understand and mitigate challenges and threats aerospace operational... |
-| [[NAMRU-D]] | The United States Navy Medical Research Unit Dayton is one of the eight laboratories within the Department of Defense's Navy Medicine Research & Development Enterprise. |
-| [[National Center for Prosecution Management]] | The National Center for Prosecution Management was a nonprofit corporation established by the Department of Justice with LEAA funding in December 1971 to provide technical and management assistance to prosecutors nationwide, promote adoption of the PROMIS software system, and conduct research on the prosecution function, with Joan E. Jacoby as its first Executive Director. |
-| [[National Photo Interpretation Center]] | The National Photo Interpretation Center (NPIC) was a U.S. intelligence agency established in December 1961, with Arthur C. Lundahl in charge. |
-| [[National Security Council]] | Principal presidential forum for national security and foreign policy matters that under the Reagan administration became an operational intelligence agency running Oliver North's illegal Contra supply network. |
-| [[NSA]] | The National Security Agency (NSA) is a U.S. intelligence agency primarily responsible for signals intelligence (SIGINT) and cybersecurity. |
-| [[Nuclear Intelligence Panel]] | The Nuclear Intelligence Panel (NIP) was a highly classified U.S. government nuclear intelligence group whose members, including Harold M. Agnew, concluded that the 1979 VELA satellite flash was a nuclear detonation and were dismayed by White House interference in their investigation. |
-| [[Nuclear Regulatory Commission]] | The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is a U.S. government agency established in 1975, formed when the Atomic Energy Commission was dissolved. |
-| [[Office of Crime Analysis of the District of Columbia]] | The Office of Crime Analysis of the District of Columbia was a DC government research unit whose Director, Joan E. Jacoby, co-led the 1969 team that commissioned and designed the PROMIS software under a $60,000 LEAA grant, and later administered the National Center for Prosecution Management. |
-| [[Office of Naval Research]] | The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is an agency within the U.S. Navy responsible for the science and technology programs of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. |
-| [[Office of Research and Development (CIA)]] | The Office of Research and Development (CIA) (ORD) was a more scientifically oriented office within the Central Intelligence Agency's Directorate of Science and Technology. |
-| [[Office of Science and Technology]] | The Office of Science and Technology (OST) was a CIA unit headed from the mid-1960s by Carl E. Duckett that served as the routing point for intelligence on Israel's nuclear program from national laboratories including Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos. |
-| [[Office of Special Investigations]] | The Office of Special Investigations (OSI) is a DOJ unit whose stated mission is to locate and deport Nazi war criminals, but which INSLAW alleged in 1994 was a covert DOJ intelligence agency involved in PROMIS software distribution and the death of Danny Casolaro. |
-| [[Office of Strategic Services]] | The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was the U.S. wartime intelligence and covert operations agency (1942-1945) founded by General William Donovan on British Security Coordination templates, dissolved by Truman in 1945 and reconstituted as the CIA in 1947. |
-| [[Office of Technical Service]] | The Office of Technical Service (OTS) was a CIA division responsible for technical support to covert-action operations, previously known as the Technical Services Division (TSD), often described as the agency's 'Q Branch' for developing spy tradecraft and surveillance tools. |
-| [[Office of the Comptroller of the Currency]] | The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is a U.S. government agency responsible for regulating and supervising all national banks and federal savings associations.[^1] |
-| [[Operations Security Group]] | The Operations Security Group (OPSEC) was a Fort Meade-based U.S. Army unit that red-teamed U.S. military and intelligence operations by spying on American facilities to identify vulnerabilities exploitable by foreign intelligence services. |
-| [[Pentagon]] | The Pentagon is the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense, which administered the AATIP program and several classified research programs including STARGATE's successor activities and UAP investigation units. |
-| [[Sandia National Laboratories]] | Sandia National Laboratories is a U.S. national laboratory that conducts research and development in nuclear weapons and other areas. |
-| [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] | The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a U.S. government agency responsible for regulating the securities markets and protecting investors.[^1] |
-| [[Staff D]] | Staff D was a CIA office specializing in small-scale SIGINT collection that worked closely with the Office of Technical Service and conducted wire-tapping and communications interception operations during the Cold War. |
-| [[State Department]] | The State Department serves as the federal executive department responsible for the United States' foreign policy and international relations. |
-| [[Strategic Air Command]] | The Strategic Air Command (SAC) was a United States Air Force command responsible for the nation's strategic nuclear deterrence. |
-| [[Task Force 157]] | Task Force 157 was a small covert U.S. Navy intelligence unit that operated in the Bosporus during the 1973 Yom Kippur War and was later managed by Edwin Wilson before he was convicted of illegal arms trafficking. |
-| [[U.S. Air Force]] | The U.S. Air Force is the aerial warfare branch of the U.S. military and a primary customer for the STARGATE remote viewing program, tasking viewers with sensitive targeting and strategic intelligence missions. |
-| [[U.S. Army]] | The U.S. Army is the primary ground combat branch of the U.S. military and the parent service for INSCOM, which administered the STARGATE remote viewing unit at Fort Meade. |
-| [[U.S. Army School of the Americas]] | The U.S. Army School of the Americas at Fort Benning trained hundreds of Nicaraguan National Guard officers who later formed the leadership of the Contra army. |
-| [[U.S. Attorney General]] | The U.S. Attorney General is the nation's chief law enforcement officer, a position held during the Contra war by William French Smith and later Edwin Meese. |
-| [[U.S. Attorney's office]] | The U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia was the original client for the PROMIS case management software, commissioning the system in 1969 under U.S. Attorney Thomas A. Flannery and deploying it January 1, 1971; the EOUSA later signed the March 1982 implementation contract with INSLAW that became the central dispute in the PROMIS Software Scandal. |
-| [[U.S. Customs]] | U.S. federal law enforcement agency responsible for border protection and customs enforcement that investigated Contra-connected cocaine trafficking through informants including Joseph Kelso. |
-| [[U.S. First Army]] | The U.S. First Army is a corps-level Army support formation headquartered at Fort Meade, Maryland, co-located with the NSA and INSCOM units that administered the STARGATE remote viewing program. |
-| [[U.S. government]] | The U.S. government, through the CIA, NSC, and State Department, orchestrated support for the Contra war while simultaneously protecting Contra-connected drug traffickers from prosecution. |
-| [[U.S. Navy]] | The U.S. Navy is the maritime warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces, connected to this vault through its small SRI psi research contracts, the fabricated USS Nautilus telepathy story, and the Navy A-6 crash successfully remote-viewed by Ken Bell. |
-| [[UAP Task Force]] | The UAP Task Force (UAPTF) was a program within the United States Office of Naval Intelligence that was established to standardize the collection and reporting of sightings of Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP). |
-| [[United States Army Criminal Investigation Division]] | The United States Army Criminal Investigation Division (CID) is the Army's primary felony law enforcement agency, responsible for criminal investigations within the service including the cases against STARGATE remote viewer David Morehouse. |
-| [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command]] | The United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) is the Army's primary intelligence and security command, formed in 1977 from the merger of the Army Security Agency and Army Intelligence Command, and parent organization to the STARGATE remote viewing unit at Fort Meade. |
-| [[United States Army Intelligence Support Activity]] | The United States Army Intelligence Support Activity (ISA) is a classified special operations intelligence unit providing direct support to special operations forces, with covert operational roles in hostage rescue and counterterrorism that overlap with CIA clandestine activities. |
-| [[Walter Reed Army Institute of Research]] | The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) is the U.S. Army's principal biomedical research laboratory, involved during the Cold War in classified Project Pandora investigations into the biological effects of the Moscow Signal microwave emissions on primates at its Forest Glen Section. |
-| [[Z Division]] | Z Division is a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory intelligence unit that serves as the authoritative U.S. government analyst for foreign nuclear weapons programs, with primary historical emphasis on Soviet and Israeli capabilities. |
-
-## Foreign Government
-Intelligence agencies, political parties, military forces, and government bodies of other nations.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Agranat Commission]] | The Agranat Commission was a commission appointed by the Israel prime minister in 1974 to investigate the intelligence failures of the 1973 war, where Israel was surprised by the Syria-Egypt attack on Yom Kippur.[^1] |
-| [[Ahnenerbe]] | The Ahnenerbe was a Nazi German organization founded by Heinrich Himmler in 1935, ostensibly to research the archaeological and cultural history of the Aryan race, that conducted pseudoscientific investigations including expeditions to Tibet and occult experiments. |
-| [[Australian Security Intelligence Organization]] | The Australian Security Intelligence Organization (ASIO) is Australia's domestic intelligence service that, after The Sydney Morning Herald alerted it to Oscar Guerrero's attempt to sell Mordecai Vanunu's Dimona photographs, passed the information through ASIS to Israel. |
-| [[Australian Security Intelligence Service]] | The Australian Security Intelligence Service (ASIS) is Australia's external intelligence service that passed ASIO's warning about Oscar Guerrero's attempt to sell Mordecai Vanunu's Dimona photographs to Israel, enabling Mossad to begin surveillance of Vanunu. |
-| [[British Intelligence]] | British Intelligence refers to the various intelligence agencies of the United Kingdom, including the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6). |
-| [[French Intelligence]] | French Intelligence refers to the intelligence services of France, which were indirectly linked to the early Cold War psi race through Jacques Bergier - a consulting editor with alleged French intelligence ties believed to have fabricated the USS Nautilus telepathy story. |
-| [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] | International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. |
-| [[Iran-Israel Joint Committee]] | The Iran-Israel Joint Committee was established in the fall of 1980 by Menachem Begin 1, who ordered Yehoshua Sagi and Nachum Admoni to appoint it. |
-| [[KGB]] | The KGB (Committee for State Security) was the Soviet Union's main security agency from 1954 to 1991, serving as its foreign intelligence service, secret police, and internal security apparatus, and the institutional counterpart to the CIA throughout the Cold War. |
-| [[Labor Party]] | The Labor Party is an Israeli center-left political party formed in 1968 by the merger of Mapai, Achdut Avodah, and later Rafi, under the economic leadership of Pinhas Sapir. |
-| [[LAKAM]] | LAKAM (Hebrew acronym for Science Liaison Bureau) was an Israeli Ministry of Defense intelligence agency, previously known as the Office of Special Tasks. |
-| [[Likud Party]] | The Likud Party is Israel's major right-wing nationalist political party whose surprise May 1977 victory ended twenty-nine years of Labor dominance and brought to power a government under Menachem Begin even more committed to the Samson Option nuclear deterrent. |
-| [[Mapai Party]] | Mapai (Israel Workers' Party) was the dominant political party in Israel from the state's founding through 1968, whose total control under David Ben-Gurion shaped Israeli nuclear policy and whose internal disputes over the Lavon Affair permanently split the party. |
-| [[Metropolitan Police]] | The Metropolitan Police (Met), also known as Scotland Yard, was the police force for London and the primary investigative body in multiple child abuse and trafficking cases documented across the network. |
-| [[Mossad]] | Mossad is Israel's national foreign intelligence agency, whose extensive relationship with the CIA - including 28 formal cooperative ventures in strategic intelligence since the 1950s and the KK MOUNTAIN financial subsidy program - is a central subject of this vault. |
-| [[Rafael]] | Rafael is Israel's top-secret defense research and manufacturing agency responsible for the country's most sensitive weaponry, including the final stage of nuclear warhead production at a facility north of Haifa. |
-| [[Rafi]] | Rafi (Israel Workers' List) was an Israeli political party founded in June 1965 by David Ben-Gurion after his resignation from Mapai, with Shimon Peres as its power broker and Moshe Dayan as a prominent member. |
-| [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] | Canada's national police force, twice drawn into the PROMIS affair: by a mistaken 1991 software inventory and by its own 1999-2000 inquiry, Project Abbreviation. |
-| [[Russian Orthodox Church]] | The Russian Orthodox Church's Nuncio in Jerusalem served as the quasi-official KGB representative in Israel, routing all KGB contacts with Israeli intelligence following the 1967 Israeli-Soviet diplomatic break. |
-| LAKAM | LAKAM (Hebrew acronym for Science Liaison Bureau) was an Israeli Ministry of Defense intelligence agency, previously known as the Office of Special Tasks, founded and initially directed by Binyamin Blumberg. |
-| [[Shas Party]] | The Shas Party is an orthodox political party in Israel, which emerged as a significant force in Israeli politics. |
-| [[Shin Bet]] | Shin Bet is Israel's internal security service, whose officials Uri Geller claimed to have worked with - alongside military intelligence and Mossad - performing intelligence tasks including clairvoyant target viewing and troop deployment prediction. |
-| [[South African Defense Force]] | The South African Defense Force (SADF) was the apartheid-era South African military that entered into a formal cooperation agreement with the Israel Defense Forces known as the SADF-IDF Mutual Wartime Agreement (SIMWA). |
-| [[Tahal]] | Tahal is the Israeli government-owned water planning corporation that constructed the expertly concealed underground shelters for Israel's first nuclear missile field at Hirbat Zachariah, importing missile launch tubes marked as pipeline. |
-
-## International Bodies
-Multinational organizations and intergovernmental agencies.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Arab League]] | The Arab League is a regional organization of Arab states in North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and Western Asia. |
-| [[Organization of African States]] | The Organization of African States (OAS) is a continental organization consisting of the countries of Africa. |
-| [[United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control]] | The United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC) was a funding source for the purchase of computer software and hardware systems. |
-
-## Paramilitary
-Guerrilla groups, rebel armies, militias, and military factions.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[African National Congress]] | The African National Congress (ANC) is South Africa's dominant liberation movement and governing party since 1994, relevant to this vault through PROMIS software targeting and Israeli military intelligence connections during the apartheid era. |
-| [[ARDE]] | Alianza Revolucionaria Democrática (ARDE) was a Contra faction based in Costa Rica and commanded by former Sandinista war hero Eden Pastora, formed when UDN-FARN merged with Pastora's group in September 1982. |
-| [[ARENA]] | ARENA was the ultraright Salvadoran political party led by death squad commander Roberto D'Aubuisson that had connections to Contra funding and narcotics trafficking. |
-| [[Baader-Meinhof Group]] | The Red Army Faction (RAF/Baader-Meinhof Group) was a West German far-left terrorist organization active 1970-1998, conducting major operations including the 1972 bombing campaign, the 1977 German Autumn Schleyer kidnapping and Lufthansa hijacking, and the 1989 assassination of Deutsche Bank chief Alfred Herrhausen. |
-| [[Black September]] | Black September was a Palestinian militant organization responsible for the 1972 Munich Olympic Massacre and subsequent operations against Israeli targets in Europe, triggering the Israeli Operation Wrath of God campaign. |
-| [[Contras]] | Nicaraguan rebel armies of the 1980s, built largely from Somoza's National Guard and backed by the CIA and then by Oliver North's private network, whose supply lines were used by cocaine traffickers. |
-| [[Crips]] | The Crips are a Los Angeles street gang that became the primary distribution network for crack cocaine across the United States, spreading from South Central L.A. to cities nationwide during the mid-1980s. |
-| [[FARN]] | FARN (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Nicaragüenses) was the UDN-FARN Contra faction that operated on Costa Rica's Southern Front and was deeply involved in cocaine trafficking. |
-| [[FDN]] | The FDN was the largest and best-armed Contra faction, created by the CIA and commanded by Enrique Bermudez, with documented connections to cocaine trafficking for fundraising. |
-| [[FMLN]] | The FMLN was the leftist guerrilla army in El Salvador that received arms from the Sandinista government, providing the Reagan administration's stated justification for the Contra war. |
-| [[Golani infantry brigade]] | The Golani Brigade is an elite Israeli Army infantry unit whose former commander Uri Simchoni later served as a member of the Iran-Israel Joint Committee during the Iran-Contra arms transfers. |
-| [[Hagannah]] | The Haganah was the main Zionist paramilitary organization in British Mandate Palestine (1920-1948) that became the core of the Israel Defense Forces upon Israeli independence. |
-| [[Jewish Defense League]] | The Jewish Defense League (JDL) is a New York-based extreme right-wing organization associated with Meir Kahane.[^1] |
-| [[Legion of September 15]] | Early Contra group of ex-Nicaraguan National Guardsmen based in Guatemala, co-commanded by Enrique Bermudez and Ricardo Lau, that formed the core of what became the FDN. |
-| [[LEHI]] | LEHI (Lohamei Herut Israel), also known as the Stern Gang, was a Jewish paramilitary organization founded by Avraham Stern and later led by Yitzhak Shamir that conducted assassinations and bombings against British Mandate authorities and Arab targets in Palestine. |
-| [[Mujahideen]] | The Mujahideen refers to various groups of Muslim guerrilla fighters, particularly those who resisted the Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan. |
-| [[National Liberation Front]] | The National Liberation Front (FLN) was the Algerian nationalist armed movement that fought the 1954-1962 independence war against France, backed by Gamal Abdel Nasser, and became the country's dominant political party after independence. |
-| [[Nicaraguan National Guard]] | Somoza's military force that served as army, police, and intelligence service, trained at U.S. military schools, whose dispersed officers formed the founding cadre of the Contras. |
-| [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command]] | The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command is a Damascus-based Palestinian militant organization implicated by the Interfor investigative firm as the group behind the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103. |
-| [[Sandinistas]] | Leftist revolutionary guerrilla group that overthrew Somoza's U.S.-supported dictatorship in Nicaragua in 1979 and governed the country during the CIA-backed Contra war. |
-| [[Shining Path]] | The Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) is a Maoist terrorist group in Peru founded and led by Abimael Guzman Reynoso, a former philosophy professor, active since the early 1980s. |
-| [[Stern Gang]] | The Stern Gang was another name for LEHI (Lohamei Herut Israel, Hebrew for Fighters for the Liberation of Israel), a Jewish terrorist group founded by David Stern and later led by Yitzhak Shamir.[^1] |
-| [[Symbionese Liberation Army]] | Radical left-wing group active in California in 1973-1974 whose leader Donald DeFreeze was recruited at Vacaville prison by CIA operative Colston Westbrook, and whose campaign of violence (the Marcus Foster assassination and the Patty Hearst kidnapping) had the effect of discrediting left-wing movements. |
-| [[UDN-FARN]] | Early Contra faction based first in Honduras then Costa Rica, commanded by Fernando Chamorro, that shifted allegiances between the FDN, ARDE, and back during the Contra war. |
-| [[United States Army Special Forces]] | The United States Army Special Forces (Green Berets) are a special operations force whose Vietnam veterans Michael Hand and Bo Gritz are central vault subjects through their respective roles in Nugan Hand Bank and CIA drug trafficking operations in the Golden Triangle. |
-| [[UNO]] | UNO (United Nicaraguan Opposition) was a CIA-inspired merger of Contra factions created to improve the Contras' public image, existing mostly as a facade while the FDN retained real authority. |
-
-## Private Organizations
-Corporations, banks, media outlets, research institutes, crime syndicates, and other non-governmental entities.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Abrasax Institute]] | The Abrasax Institute was a Satanic cult, described as a gnostic sect, which briefly became the center of attention during the Marc Dutroux investigation around December 1996. |
-| [[Achats Services Commerces]] | Achats Services Commerces, known by its acronym ASCO, was a secondhand car exporting business owned by Michel Nihoul that operated white Mercedes vehicles linked to child abduction attempts. |
-| [[Adelphi Academies]] | Adelphi Academies was a private children's school in Florida owned by a wealthy individual named Peter Bradford. |
-| [[Air America]] | CIA proprietary airline that provided covert transportation services during the Vietnam War, linked to heroin trafficking out of the Golden Triangle region. |
-| [[Air France]] | Air France is the French national carrier whose Tel Aviv-to-Paris flight was hijacked by Baader-Meinhof Group members in June 1976 and diverted to Entebbe, Uganda, prompting the Israeli Operation Thunderbolt rescue. |
-| [[AiResearch Manufacturing Group]] | AiResearch Manufacturing Group was an American aerospace manufacturer and defense contractor based in Torrance, California. |
-| [[American Jewish Committee]] | The American Jewish Committee is a major American Jewish advocacy organization founded in 1906 that appears in this vault through its connections to Israeli nuclear lobbying and U.S. government intelligence figures. |
-| [[American Society for Psychical Research]] | The American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR) is the oldest psychical research organization in the United States, founded in 1885 by the philosopher and physician William James. |
-| [[AP]] | The Associated Press was the news service whose reporters Robert Parry and Brian Barger broke early stories on Contra drug trafficking that were suppressed by editors. |
-| [[Apollo Bulletin Board Service]] | The Apollo Bulletin Board Service, commonly known as Apollo BBS, operated as one of the world's largest online distributors of sadomasochistic child pornography during the mid-1990s. |
-| [[ARMSCOR]] | ARMSCOR (South African Arms Corporation) is South Africa's state weapons manufacturer that played a significant role in covert Cold War arms trafficking through its dealings with Carlos Cardoen, Gerald Bull, and Israeli defense contractors under apartheid-era sanctions evasion arrangements. |
-| [[ASCO]] | ASCO redirects to Achats Services Commerces. |
-| [[ASCO Industries NV]] | ASCO Industries NV was an aerospace company in Zaventem near Brussels owned by military industrialist Roger Boas, a close associate of politicians, lawyers, and financiers orbiting Belgium's Parti Social Chretien (CSP). |
-| [[Atlantic Richfield Company]] | Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) was an American oil company that acquired a controlling interest in the Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation (NUMEC) in 1967 after NUMEC's founder Zalman Shapiro was forced out amid an FBI investigation into highly-enriched uranium diversion to Israel. |
-| [[Babcock & Wilcox]] | Babcock & Wilcox is an American nuclear reactor designer that acquired the Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation (NUMEC) plant in the early 1970s, inheriting its controversial history of highly-enriched uranium diversion to Israel. |
-| [[Bank Leumi]] | Bank Leumi is Israel's oldest and one of its largest banks, whose American branch board included Walworth Barbour, former U.S. Ambassador to Israel, after his 1973 retirement. |
-| [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International]] | The Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) was a Pakistani-founded offshore bank that operated across 78 countries before its 1991 collapse exposed a decade-long conspiracy involving money laundering for drug cartels and intelligence agencies, illegal acquisition of U.S. banks, bribery, fraud, and arms trafficking, in what regulators called the largest bank fraud in history. |
-| [[Banque Worms]] | Banque Worms was a bank in Geneva, Switzerland, that played a role in the financial transactions related to Israel arms sales to Iran and the release of USA hostages.[^1] |
-| [[Bell Labs]] | Bell Labs is an American industrial research and scientific development company, historically known for its innovations in telecommunications and computing. |
-| [[Blue Boy]] | The Blue Boy was an Amsterdam boy brothel operated by Warwick Spinks in the Spuistraat district that came to police attention in August 1993 when a trafficked British boy escaped and reported to embassy officials, and which was also linked to allegations of snuff film production. |
-| [[Boys Club 21]] | Boys Club 21 was a boy brothel operating as a nightclub in Amsterdam's Spuistraat district, managed by Alan Williams, a convicted pedophile dubbed 'The Welsh Witch' on account of his violent rapes of boys in Cardiff, Wales. |
-| [[Brother Paul's Children's Mission]] | Brother Paul's Children's Mission was a summer camp on North Fox Island in Lake Michigan that served as a front for child pornography and prostitution. |
-| [[Bruno Gmunder Verlag]] | Bruno Gmunder Verlag was a German publishing house that absorbed Spartacus International after John Stamford transferred control of the operation from Amsterdam to Germany. |
-| [[Bufalino Crime Family]] | The Bufalino Crime Family is a La Cosa Nostra crime family based in northeastern Pennsylvania that was reportedly connected to the alleged organized crime penetration of Music Corporation of America, surfacing in FBI wiretaps related to that investigation. |
-| [[Burns & Roe, Inc.]] | Burns & Roe, Inc. was an international engineering and construction firm owned by the Roe family whose Pacific director George K. Pender appears in connections to nuclear facility construction and intelligence-adjacent contracting. |
-| [[Cabazon Indian Reservation]] | The Cabazon Indian Reservation is located near Indio, California, and is home to the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians. |
-| [[Cali Drug Cartel]] | Powerful Colombian drug trafficking organization based in Cali, described in a 1994 Time magazine article as controlling 80% of the world's cocaine trade. |
-| [[Capcom]] | Capcom was a trading subsidiary of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International.[^1] |
-| [[CAUSA]] | CAUSA was the political arm of the Unification Church that supported anti-Communist causes including the Contra war through its connections to the USACA organization. |
-| [[Centre du Christ Liberateur]] | Centre du Christ Liberateur (CCL) was a progressive religious organization founded by Joseph Douce, a Belgian priest and former NATO corporal with a psychology degree. |
-| [[CenTrust Savings Bank]] | CenTrust Savings Bank was a financial institution based in Miami, owned by David L. Paul.[^1] |
-| [[Chelsea National Bank]] | Chelsea National Bank was a financial institution that Bank of Credit and Commerce International attempted to acquire in 1975, using Abbas Gokal as a front.[^1] Regulators rejected the bid due to concerns about BCCI's involvement.[^1] |
-| [[Church's Fried Chicken]] | Church's Fried Chicken is an American fast food chain whose part-owner Bill Church, an amateur scientist, provided Hal Puthoff with funding that helped initiate the SRI remote viewing research program. |
-| [[Coca-Cola]] | Coca-Cola is a multinational beverage corporation whose Israeli franchise was granted to nuclear fundraiser Abraham Feinberg by the Israeli government in 1968 as a reward for his role in financing Israel's nuclear weapons program. |
-| [[Committee for the Denuclearization of the Middle East]] | The Committee for the Denuclearization of the Middle East was a group of prominent Israeli scholars and scientists, including two former members of Ernst David Bergmann's Atomic Energy Commission, who privately banded together in late 1961. |
-| [[Commonwealth Club]] | The Commonwealth Club in San Francisco hosted Gary Webb for a speaking engagement after the Dark Alliance series was published, amid the media controversy. |
-| [[CRIES]] | The Centre for Research and Information on Childhood and Sexuality, known by its acronym CRIES, was a Brussels-based front organization that claimed to help pedophiles deal with their sexuality while operating a VIP child prostitution ring. |
-| [[D.I.G. (Decency in Government)]] | D.I.G. (Decency in Government) was an organization formed by deputies and former grand jury members in Mariposa County, California. |
-| [[Dassault Company]] | Dassault is the French aerospace company that jointly developed the Jericho I missile with Israel under a 1963 $100 million contract, providing France's key role in the early Israeli ballistic missile program. |
-| [[Degem]] | Degem was an Israeli-controlled computer company with operations in Israel, Guatemala, and Transkei, alleged to have been the primary vehicle through which Robert Maxwell distributed backdoored PROMIS software to foreign governments worldwide. |
-| [[DIACSA]] | DIACSA was a Miami aircraft company run by a Cuban Bay of Pigs veteran that served as a cover company for the Costa Rican Contras and a hub for plotting drug flights and laundering cocaine profits. |
-| [[Dickstein, Shapiro & Morin]] | Dickstein, Shapiro & Morin was the law firm that represented INSLAW Corporation in its adversary proceeding against the Justice Department over the PROMIS software theft, with partner Lee Ratiner leading the case. |
-| [[Drexel Burnham]] | Drexel Burnham was the investment bank where Michael Milken built his junk-bond empire, and whose financial infrastructure was used by the Iran-Israel Joint Committee slush fund to finance covert activities. |
-| [[Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory]] | The Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory was a research unit founded in 1930 by J. B. Rhine, a botanist who sought to bring scientific rigor to the study of psychic phenomena. |
-| [[Dynavest Limited]] | Dynavest Limited was a London arms dealing company run by John Knight that acquired arms from Yugoslavia for resale to Mohammed Radi Abdullah, who distributed them to Palestinian groups including Abu Nidal. |
-| [[Eagle]] | Eagle was an Israeli arms company whose representative Pesach Ben-Or assisted the Guatemalan military regime in establishing a computer tracking system against leftist insurgents, connecting Israeli military exports to Latin American authoritarian regimes. |
-| [[El Al]] | El Al is the Israeli national airline that played a role in the covert arms shipments and financial transactions described by Ari Ben-Menashe in his account of Israeli-American intelligence cooperation. |
-| [[Elm Guest House]] | Barnes guest house run by Haroon and Carole Kasir, raided on June 19, 1982; the inquiry into child sexual abuse found one child victim evidenced and no VIP identified. |
-| [[Esquire]] | Esquire is an American magazine whose October 1991 article by Craig Unger repeated Ari Ben-Menashe's allegations that Robert McFarlane was recruited by Rafi Eitan and identified McFarlane as 'Mr. X' in the Jonathan Pollard case. |
-| [[Euramae Trading Company]] | Euramae Trading Company was a company operating throughout the Middle East, described by Michael Riconosciuto as a companion company to First Intercontinental Development Corporation and an National Security Council cutout. |
-| [[Father Bud's Boys Farm]] | Home for wayward boys near Alto, Tennessee, founded in 1971 by Claudius Vermilye and partly financed with state and county funds, where boys were filmed for more than 270 sponsors. |
-| [[Financial General Bankshares]] | Financial General Bankshares was a bank holding company that became a target of acquisition by the Bank of Credit and Commerce International.[^1] |
-| [[First American Bank]] | First American Bank was a bank based in Washington, D.C., which became secretly owned and controlled by the Bank of Credit and Commerce International.[^1] |
-| [[First Intercontinental Development Corporation]] | First Intercontinental Development Corporation was a company whose board of directors included prominent figures with ties to government and intelligence, and it was reportedly a National Security Council cutout. |
-| [[Fluor Corporation]] | Fluor Corporation employed former CIA Deputy Director of Operations Bill Nelson and was connected to Ron Lister's security business that supplied weapons and night vision equipment. |
-| [[Forges de Clabecq]] | Forges de Clabecq was a steel production plant in Belgium owned by the Dessy industrialist family, which held a controlling interest in the factory. |
-| [[Frigorificos de Puntarenas]] | Frigorificos de Puntarenas was a Costa Rican shrimp company created by the Medellín cartel as a money-laundering front that was later hired by the U.S. State Department to distribute "humanitarian" aid to the Contras. |
-| [[Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International]] | The Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship International is an influential organization with a history of strong military connections and wide-ranging effects on foreign policy, particularly in Central America under the Ronald Reagan administration. |
-| [[Future Enterprises]] | Washington D.C.-area computer training company associated with The Finders that provided CIA employee software training in the 1980s, cited by investigators as evidence of a direct CIA-Finders organizational link. |
-| [[FXC International]] | FXC International was a parachute manufacturer transformed by director Frank Chevrier into a company with covert connections to intelligence-linked arms and equipment trafficking networks. |
-| [[G-Force nightclub]] | The G-Force was an Amsterdam nightclub frequented by Marc Dutroux and Robbie Van Der Plancken and owned by American John Edward Mullaney, identified in Morkhoven Workgroup dossiers as a node in the Belgian-Dutch child abuse network. |
-| [[Gaie France]] | Gaie France was a pedophile magazine published by Michel Caignet, a neo-Nazi child pornographer and former member of the Fane and FNE (European Nationalist Groups). |
-| [[Gambino Crime Family]] | The Gambino Crime Family is a prominent La Cosa Nostra crime family that was reportedly involved in the alleged organized crime penetration of Music Corporation of America. |
-| [[Gamma Corporation]] | Gamma Corporation, also referred to as Gamma of Massachusetts, was a Central Intelligence Agency 'cut-out' company in the USA. It was involved in supplying components for chemical weapons to Carlos Cardoen. |
-| [[Gay Palace]] | The Gay Palace was a boy brothel masquerading as a gay nightclub in Amsterdam's Spuistraat district, managed by Warwick Spinks during the 1980s and 1990s. |
-| [[Genovese Crime Family]] | The Genovese Crime Family is a prominent New York La Cosa Nostra organization whose chief lieutenant Gerardo Catena owned nearly 20 percent of the Murchison Oil Lease Company in Oklahoma, connecting the family to Texas oil money and intelligence-linked networks. |
-| [[Gero-Video]] | Gero-Video was a video distribution company based in Dusseldorf, Germany, identified as one of the largest distributors of homosexual pornography in Europe. |
-| [[Grafton Close Children's Home]] | Grafton Close Children's Home was a Richmond Council-run facility in London during the early 1980s that became infamous for its alleged role in supplying children to the Elm Guest House VIP pedophile network. |
-| [[Hadron]] | Hadron, Inc. was a Washington-area technology and information services company in which Earl Brian held a controlling interest, and which INSLAW alleged was positioned to acquire INSLAW's assets and software contracts as the intended beneficiary of the DOJ's alleged scheme to destroy the company. |
-| [[Histadrut]] | Histadrut (the General Organization of Workers in Israel) is a powerful labor union federation that historically controlled a large segment of Israeli industry, whose leadership by Pinhas Lavon placed it at the center of the political fallout from the Lavon Affair. |
-| [[Hondu Carib Cargo]] | Air cargo company operated by Adolfo Calero's brother that flew Contra supply missions while connected to drug trafficking. |
-| [[Honeywell]] | Honeywell is a multinational technology conglomerate whose Israeli franchise, Medan Computers Ltd., was involved in the implementation of PROMIS software in Guatemala. |
-| [[IBM]] | International Business Machines (IBM) is a multinational technology company founded in 1911 and headquartered in Armonk, New York, whose mainframe and minicomputer systems were used by the government agencies that became targets of the PROMIS software distribution network. |
-| [[ICIC]] | ICIC (International Credit and Investment Company Holdings) was a Cayman Islands subsidiary of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International.[^1] It served as BCCI's repository for loans to privileged insiders.[^1] |
-| [[Independence Bank of Encino]] | Independence Bank of Encino was a financial institution illegally acquired by the Bank of Credit and Commerce International.[^1] |
-| [[INSLAW]] | INSLAW, Inc. is a Washington-area software company that developed the PROMIS case management system and became the center of a major legal and political scandal after alleging the U.S. Department of Justice stole its proprietary software and drove the company into bankruptcy. |
-| [[Institute for Advanced Studies]] | The Institute for Advanced Studies is a prestigious academic institution in Princeton, New Jersey, where trustee Lewis L. Strauss arranged a two-month visiting fellowship for Israeli nuclear program director Ernst David Bergmann in 1966. |
-| [[Institute of Noetic Science]] | The Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS) is an American nonprofit parapsychological research institute founded in 1973 by former Apollo 14 astronaut Edgar Mitchell following a spontaneous consciousness experience during his return from the Moon. |
-| [[Israel Bond Organization]] | The Israel Bond Organization is a financial institution that raises funds for the State of Israel through the sale of Israel Bonds. |
-| [[Israel Chemicals Company]] | Israel Chemicals Company is the largest state-owned enterprise in Israel, to which Mossad officer Rafael Eitan was appointed in a senior position authorized by Ariel Sharon following Eitan's exposure in the Jonathan Pollard spy scandal. |
-| [[ITICO]] | ITICO (Integrated Technologies International Co.) was a company that served as a cover for Alan Sanders, who had links to the Central Intelligence Agency. |
-| [[Joel Silver Productions]] | Joel Silver Productions is a film production company at Warner Brothers Studios in Burbank, California, where Garby Leon served as Director of Development and oversaw more than seventy projects including The Matrix. |
-| [[John Curtin Foundation]] | The John Curtin Foundation was an Australian political organization whose funds, guarded by financier Alan Bond, were used in February 1987 to route a CIA contribution to the West Australian Labor Party through Richard Babayan, Earl Brian, and a Robert Maxwell company. |
-| [[Le Dolo]] | Le Dolo was a nightclub in Brussels managed by Michel Forgeot, where Jean-Michel Nihoul connected with figures from what were described as the 'clean professions. |
-| [[Lockheed Aircraft Company]] | The Lockheed Aircraft Company is an USA aerospace manufacturer that developed advanced military aircraft and became involved in a bribe scandal affecting Israel politics. |
-| [[Los Angeles Times]] | Largest newspaper in the western United States that published the 1996 attack on the Dark Alliance series, led by Washington bureau chief Doyle McManus who had previously spread a 1984 CIA leak falsely accusing Sandinista officials of drug trafficking. |
-| [[Management Science For Health]] | Management Science For Health was a group associated with certain factions of the Central Intelligence Agency. |
-| [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] | The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a prestigious research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, whose professor Jack P. Ruina directed its Defense and Arms Control Studies Program and chaired the expert panel that analyzed the 1979 VELA satellite data from the suspected South Atlantic nuclear explosion. |
-| [[Medan Computers Ltd.]] | Medan Computers Ltd. was the Israeli franchise of Honeywell, staffed entirely by Israel Defense Forces reservists and computer experts, which was involved in the implementation of PROMIS software in Guatemala. |
-| [[Medellin Cartel]] | Colombian drug trafficking organization based in Medellín that dominated the international cocaine trade, driving down U.S. prices and creating conditions for the crack epidemic. |
-| [[Meridian International Logistics]] | Meridian International Logistics was a holding company associated with Robert Booth Nichols, who was a principal in the organization. |
-| [[Miami Herald]] | The Miami Herald was the Florida newspaper that reported on Contra activities and Norwin Meneses's drug trafficking operations based in the Miami area. |
-| [[Monroe Institute]] | The Monroe Institute is a non-profit consciousness research organization founded by Robert Monroe, known for its Hemi-Sync audio technology, which was used by U.S. Army remote viewers in the Stargate program. |
-| [[Morkhoven Workgroup]] | The Morkhoven Workgroup was an NGO that played a central role in exposing the international child pornography network operated through the Apollo Bulletin Board Service from Zandvoort, Netherlands. |
-| [[Mundy Security Group]] | Mundy Security Group Inc. was a Laguna Beach security company incorporated by Ronald Lister in 1983 that served as a front for weapons procurement and electronics sales to Danilo Blandón and other narcotics traffickers. |
-| [[Music Corporation of America]] | The Music Corporation of America was a major entertainment corporation that became entangled in investigations related to organized crime and the broader network that Danny Casolaro termed 'The Octopus.' |
-| [[NAMBLA]] | NAMBLA (North American Man/Boy Love Association) was a United States-based organization that advocated for the normalization of sexual relationships between men and boys. |
-| [[National Bank of Georgia]] | National Bank of Georgia was a financial institution that became entangled in the Bank of Credit and Commerce International scandal.[^1] |
-| [[National Institute for Discovery Science]] | The National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDS) was a privately funded research organization founded by billionaire Robert Bigelow in 1995. |
-| [[New York Times]] | The New York Times initially ignored Contra drug trafficking stories in the 1980s, then attacked the Dark Alliance series in 1996, before ultimately confirming key elements of the CIA-Contra drug connection in 1998. |
-| [[New York University]] | New York University is a private research university in New York City where Israeli air force officer Aviem Sella was completing a Ph.D. in computer science when he was recruited in 1984 to serve as Jonathan Pollard's handler. |
-| [[Newsweek]] | Newsweek was a major American news magazine that covered the Dark Alliance story, calling it a powerful series. |
-| [[NHAO]] | The Nicaraguan Humanitarian Assistance Office was a State Department unit hijacked by Oliver North to distribute aid to the Contras through companies owned and operated by drug traffickers. |
-| [[Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation]] | Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation (NUMEC) was a privately owned nuclear enriching plant in Apollo, Pennsylvania, owned by Zalman Mordecai Shapiro. |
-| [[Nugan Hand Bank]] | Australian merchant bank (1973-1980) that functioned as what investigators described as a CIA financial network, with branches in thirteen countries staffed by American military and intelligence veterans, collapsing after Frank Nugan was found shot dead in January 1980 and Michael Hand disappeared. |
-| [[Ocean Living Institute]] | Tax-exempt corporation formed in Delaware in 1974, ostensibly for oceanographic research, with Adam Starchild as president and Dyer Grossman as executive director; Gerald Richards named it as a front for child pornography. |
-| [[Ocho Group]] | The Ocho Group was a chain of five small Peruvian newspapers that Shining Path leader Abimael Guzman Reynoso asked Israel to purchase on his movement's behalf as part of a deal to secure rare minerals for Israel's nuclear program. |
-| [[Odyssey Foundation]] | The Odyssey Foundation was the legal front entity for John David Norman's Odyssey Network trafficking operation, operating from Dallas, Texas. |
-| [[Odyssey Network]] | The Odyssey Network was a sophisticated child trafficking and prostitution operation based in Dallas, Texas, during the 1970s. |
-| [[Odyssey Systems]] | May 1997, Odyssey is founded in the Boston area by Michael Sweat and Michael Prisco to support the Air Force Electronic Systems Center (ESC). |
-| [[OSN]] | The OSN was Anastasio Somoza's secret police unit that monitored political dissidents during the Somoza dynasty's rule over Nicaragua. |
-| [[Painting Decorating Maintenance]] | Painting Decorating Maintenance (PDM) was a construction company owned by John Wayne Gacy in Norwood Park, Chicago. |
-| [[Palo Alto Medical Clinic]] | The Palo Alto Medical Clinic oversaw the medical and psychological evaluations for psychic subjects in the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) remote viewing program. |
-| [[PAN Magazine]] | PAN (Paedo Alert News), subtitled 'A Magazine about Boy-love,' was a pedophile newsletter started by Francis Shelden in Amsterdam under the pen name 'Frank Torey. |
-| [[Parapsychological Association]] | The Parapsychological Association is an international professional organization of scientists and scholars engaged in the study of Parapsychology. |
-| [[Park On Meter]] | Arkansas parking meter manufacturer allegedly used as a front for manufacturing weapons parts for the Contras, with connections to Webb Hubbell. |
-| [[Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co]] | Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. was the international accounting firm that held the original 1969 LEAA grant to design PROMIS - with Bill Hamilton serving as project manager - before successive mergers in 1978 and 1986 transformed it into KPMG. |
-| [[Pergamon Press Trust Fund]] | The Pergamon Press Trust Fund was a financial entity in Moscow that held funds related to covert operations. |
-| [[Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn]] | The Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn was a New York engineering institution that, under dean Herman F. Mark's leadership from 1942, became a refuge for Jewish scientists including Chaim Weizmann and Ernst David Bergmann who later contributed to Israel's nuclear program. |
-| [[Propaganda 2]] | Propaganda 2 (P2) was a fascist secret society linked to the Golpe Borghese coup attempt a decade earlier. |
-| [[Pyramid International Security Consultants]] | Newport Beach security company incorporated by Ronald Lister that served as a cover for CIA-connected weapons manufacturing in El Salvador during the Contra war. |
-| [[Radio Cairo]] | Radio Cairo is an Egyptian radio station whose announcement of Gamal Abdel Nasser's death came approximately twenty minutes after Uri Geller purportedly predicted it during a telepathy demonstration in Tel Aviv. |
-| [[Rand Corporation]] | The Rand Corporation is the US Air Force's principal Cold War nonprofit think tank in Santa Monica, founded as Project RAND in 1946 and incorporated in 1948, whose Vietnam-era Viet Cong Motivation and Morale Study produced critical findings that were suppressed at the time and later vindicated by Rand's own official history. |
-| [[Rex Productions]] | Rex Productions was a hardcore pornography studio in Amsterdam linked to Jean-Michel Nihoul's trafficking network through Marleen De Cokere. |
-| [[Round Table Foundation]] | The Round Table Foundation was a research facility founded by Andrija Puharich in Glen Cove, Maine, in the late 1940s. |
-| [[Roxanne Films]] | Roxanne Films was a hardcore pornography studio located at 111 Admiraal de Ruijter Road in Amsterdam, in a building owned by a transvestite named Didier Pellerin. |
-| [[Saint-Gobain Techniques Nouvelles]] | Saint-Gobain Techniques Nouvelles (SGN) is a French chemical company that built the plutonium reprocessing plant at the Marcoule nuclear complex, to which Israeli scientists were granted unique access as a key element of France's nuclear technology transfer to Israel. |
-| [[San Francisco Chronicle]] | The San Francisco Chronicle was a Bay Area newspaper that reported on aspects of the Contra-connected drug trafficking operations centered in San Francisco. |
-| [[San Jose Mercury News]] | The San Jose Mercury News published the Dark Alliance series in August 1996, using the Internet to share source documents with the public in an unprecedented act of journalistic transparency. |
-| [[Science Applications International Corporation]] | The Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) was founded in 1969 by J Robert Beyster as Science Applications Incorporated (SAI). |
-| [[Scientology]] | Scientology is a controversial religious movement founded by L. Ron Hubbard whose relevance to this vault lies in the fact that several key figures in the early SRI remote viewing program - including Hal Puthoff, Ingo Swann, and Pat Price - were former members. |
-| [[SCT]] | Systems and Computer Technology, Inc. ('SCT') was a company involved in an alleged attempt to purchase Inslaw Corporation in early 1986. |
-| [[SETCO]] | SETCO was a Honduran air freight company owned by drug kingpin Juan Matta Ballesteros that served as the principal transportation provider for the FDN Contra army. |
-| [[Sheridan Square Press]] | Sheridan Square Press was a New York publisher that published Ari Ben-Menashe's Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network after other publishers withdrew under pressure. |
-| [[Sidem International Limited]] | Sidem International Limited was a London arms dealing company involved in acquiring arms from Yugoslavia for resale to Mohammed Radi Abdullah, who distributed them to Palestinian groups including Abu Nidal. |
-| [[Societe Generale de Banque]] | Societe Generale de Banque (Society General) was the largest financial firm in Belgium, controlled by a fraternity of families who provided most of the funding for Parti Social Chretien (Christian Social Party, CSP) political campaigns. |
-| [[Society for Psychical Research]] | The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is the oldest psychical research organization in the world, founded in London in 1882. |
-| [[Solel Bone Ltd.]] | Solel Bone Ltd., of Haifa, was the largest Israeli engineering company involved in the construction of Dimona. |
-| [[Southern Air Transport]] | Southern Air Transport was a CIA-owned airline used for Contra resupply flights that was repeatedly linked to drug trafficking investigations by the DEA, U.S. Customs, and congressional investigators. |
-| [[Spartacus Club]] | The Spartacus Club was an underground pedophile network operated by John Stamford from Amsterdam that used Spartacus International as a legitimate front to recruit members internationally. |
-| [[Spartacus International]] | Spartacus International was founded by John Stamford, a British foreign-national and defrocked Anglican priest who fled to Amsterdam in 1972 after being charged with operating a child pornography service through the mail. |
-| [[Spartacus Network]] | The Spartacus Network was an international child trafficking and pornography distribution network that operated from the 1970s through the 1990s, primarily based in Amsterdam but with global reach. |
-| [[St. Francis Yacht Club]] | The St. Francis Yacht Club in San Francisco was where Norwin Meneses held meetings and conducted business for his Contra-connected cocaine trafficking operation. |
-| [[Stanford Research Institute]] | Stanford Research Institute is the Menlo Park research institute, founded in 1946 and independent since 1970, that produced Douglas Engelbart's 1968 'Mother of All Demos,' the second ARPANET node, and the U.S. government's classified remote-viewing program under Hal Puthoff and Russell Targ. |
-| [[Stanford University]] | Stanford University is a private research university in Stanford, California, whose Linear Accelerator Center physicist Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky served on the expert panel that analyzed VELA satellite data from the suspected 1979 South Atlantic nuclear explosion. |
-| [[Strategic Intelligence Services]] | Strategic Intelligence Services was a London company run by former British SAS officer Anthony Pearson that provided espionage services to Israel and other clients. |
-| [[Swiss Paedophile Association]] | Zurich-based organization whose founders included Beat Meier - who served as honorary president and published a pedophile magazine called LIBIDO - and Karl Hobi, linked to Scotland Yard's snuff film investigations. |
-| [[Sylvania Corporation]] | The Sylvania Corporation was an American manufacturer of lighting products, televisions, and other electronic equipment. |
-| [[TAG Films]] | TAG Films was a video production company established in Amsterdam by three Welsh pedophiles: Alan Williams, John Gay, and Lee Tucker. |
-| [[The Age]] | The Age is an Australian newspaper based in Melbourne that rejected Oscar Guerrero's attempt to sell Mordecai Vanunu's photographs of Israel's Dimona nuclear facility, which were subsequently purchased by The Sunday Times. |
-| [[The Church of New Revelation]] | Tax-exempt church incorporated in Delaware in 1974 with a Kearny, New Jersey, address, under whose auspices Brother Paul's Children's Mission operated; a Tennessee investigator called it a 'referral agency which distributes pornography.' |
-| [[The Company]] | 'The Company' was a drug and arms organization consisting of approximately 300 members, many of whom were former military men, ex-police officers, or ex-intelligence personnel. |
-| [[The Finders]] | The Finders was a Washington D.C.-based communal group led by Marion Pettie that came to public attention in 1987 when members were arrested transporting malnourished children, with a subsequent federal investigation abruptly closed after the CIA acknowledged an interest in the group. |
-| [[The Sunday Mirror]] | The Sunday Mirror is a British tabloid newspaper that was part of Robert Maxwell's publishing empire. |
-| [[The Sunday Times]] | The Sunday Times is a British newspaper that struck a deal with Mordecai Vanunu's contact Oscar Guerrero to publish Vanunu's account and photographs of Israel's Dimona nuclear facility in exchange for a £250,000 advance. |
-| [[Time]] | Time magazine covered the Dark Alliance story, calling it the hottest topic in black America during the height of the public reaction in 1996. |
-| [[To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science]] | To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science (TTSA) was a public benefit corporation founded by musician Tom DeLonge of the band Blink-182. |
-| [[Toff's Travel]] | Toff's Travel was a Channel-crossing coach service operated by Russell Tricker in the 1980s that was specifically used to smuggle boys from the United Kingdom into Amsterdam for sexual exploitation at Spartacus International venues. |
-| [[Toro Bravo]] | Toro Bravo was a child pornography production company based in Bogota, Bogota, headed by Jean Manuel Vuillaume. |
-| [[TransCapital Corporation]] | TransCapital Corporation was a Connecticut company licensed to sell computer hardware that facilitated PROMIS software transfers and related arms deals. |
-| [[Troop 137]] | New Orleans Boy Scout troop organized in 1974 by Richard Halvorsen and Raymond Woodall, raided in September 1976; nineteen men were charged, among them millionaire clients from Massachusetts and California. |
-| [[UCLA]] | UCLA was where researcher Dr. Ronald K. Siegel traced the discovery of freebasing cocaine and studied the drug's effects, providing scientific context for the crack epidemic. |
-| [[UNICEF]] | The Belgian committee of UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) became the center of a child pornography scandal in 1987 when its director and another employee were arrested for operating a child pornography studio in the basement of the... |
-| [[Unification Church]] | The Unification Church, led by Sun Myung Moon, supported anti-Communist causes including the Contra war through its political arm, the CAUSA Foundation. |
-| [[University of California]] | The University of California is a public university system whose physics Nobel laureate Luis Alvarez served on the ad hoc expert panel that analyzed VELA satellite data from the suspected 1979 South Atlantic nuclear explosion. |
-| [[University of San Cristobal]] | The University of San Cristobal de Huamanga in Ayacucho, Peru, was where Shining Path founder Abimael Guzman Reynoso taught philosophy and where Ari Ben-Menashe used a faculty appointment as cover for an Israeli intelligence mission. |
-| [[USACA]] | San Francisco Contra support group founded by Don Sinicco at the request of Adolfo Calero, infiltrated by drug trafficker Norwin Meneses. |
-| [[Valley National Bank of Arizona]] | Valley National Bank of Arizona, based in Phoenix, was used as a financial conduit in transactions connected to Israeli arms sales and negotiations over the release of American hostages. |
-| [[Wackenhut Corporation]] | Florida security company founded in 1954 by former FBI agents, which gave the CIA cover in Miami from 1961 to 1967, kept files on millions of Americans, and allegedly modified PROMIS at Cabazon. |
-| [[Washington Post]] | Major national newspaper whose national security reporter Walter Pincus, a former CIA operative, led the first major media attack on the Dark Alliance series. |
-| [[Weizmann Institute of Science]] | The Weizmann Institute of Science is Israel's preeminent research institution, whose chemistry and isotope research divisions, directed by Ernst David Bergmann after 1948, provided a scientific foundation for Israel's nuclear weapons program. |
-| [[Westinghouse Electric Corporation]] | Westinghouse Electric Corporation was involved in a major project with Burns & Roe, Inc., for the engineering design and construction of the United States of America Fast Breeder Nuclear Reactor Plant. |
-| [[Yakuza]] | The Yakuza is a Japanese organized crime syndicate that was implicated in the broader network investigated by Danny Casolaro as 'The Octopus. |
-
---
-
-## Stats
-
-| category | Count |
-| --- | --- |
-| Private Organization | 173 |
-| U.S. Government | 69 |
-| Paramilitary | 26 |
-| Foreign Government | 24 |
-| International Body | 3 |
--- a/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Cali
+++ b/ORGANIZATIONS/PRIVATE/Cali
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ summary: "Powerful Colombian drug trafficking organization based in Cali, descri
 location: "Cali, Colombia"
 ---

-The Cali Drug Cartel was a powerful Colombian drug trafficking organization based in [[Cali, Colombia|Cali]], described in a 1994 *Time* magazine article as controlling 80% of the world's cocaine trade. Its key leaders included [[Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela|Gilberto Rodriguez]] and [[Jose Santacruz Londono|Jose Londono]]. The journalist Gary Webb described [[Norwin Meneses]] as the cartel's representative in [[Nicaragua]].[^1][^3][^5]
+The Cali Drug Cartel was a powerful Colombian drug trafficking organization based in [[Cali, Colombia|Cali]], described in a 1994 *Time* magazine article as controlling 80% of the world's cocaine trade. Its key leaders included [[Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela|Gilberto Rodriguez]] and [[Jose Santacruz Londono|Jose Londono]]. The journalist Gary Webb described [[Norwin Meneses]] as the cartel's representative in [[Nicaragua]].[^1][^2][^3]

 ### Drug Trafficking and Political Influence

@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ The cartel's connection to the Contra drug network ran through Meneses's organiz

 ### Connection to the Dark Alliance Network

-[[Danilo Blandon|Danilo Blandón]]'s supplier [[Aparicio Moreno]] was a Colombian with reported ties to both the [[FDN]] and the CIA.[^3] Webb wrote that [[Rafael Cornejo]] was involved in a major cocaine pipeline running from Cali to several West Coast cities. The Meneses organization's supply chain originated with the Colombian cartels.[^4]
+[[Danilo Blandon|Danilo Blandón]]'s supplier [[Aparicio Moreno]] was a Colombian with reported ties to both the [[FDN]] and the CIA.[^2] Webb wrote that [[Rafael Cornejo]] was involved in a major cocaine pipeline running from Cali to several West Coast cities. The Meneses organization's supply chain originated with the Colombian cartels.[^4]

 ### Intelligence Connections

@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ Historically, during [[Jimmy Carter]]'s presidency, his human rights foreign pol

 ---
 ### Footnotes
+
 [^1]: Seymour, Cheri. *The Last Circle: Danny Casolaro's Investigation into the Octopus and the PROMIS Software Scandal*. First Edition. TrineDay, 2010.
-[^3]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Prologue: "It was like they didn't want to know"
+[^2]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Prologue: "It was like they didn't want to know"
+[^3]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Cast of Characters
 [^4]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Chapter 12: "This guy talks to God"
-[^5]: Webb, Gary. *Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion.* Seven Stories Press, 1998. Cast of Characters
--- a/PROJECTS/DATAVIEW
+++ b/PROJECTS/DATAVIEW
@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Programs & Projects Index
-
-This Map of Content (MOC) auto-generates index tables for all programs and projects in The Info Web using Dataview queries. Pages are automatically included based on their `category` frontmatter field.
-
-To recategorize a program, edit its page's frontmatter `category` field.
-
---
-
-## Psi Research Programs
-Government-funded programs investigating psychic phenomena, remote viewing, and parapsychology.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "30 - PROGRAMS & PROJECTS"
-WHERE category = "Psi Research Program"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Intelligence Operations
-Covert operations, police investigations, and intelligence programs.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "30 - PROGRAMS & PROJECTS"
-WHERE category = "Intelligence Operation"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Historical Programs
-Major historical research and development programs with lasting significance.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "30 - PROGRAMS & PROJECTS"
-WHERE category = "Historical Program"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Software Projects
-Software development projects and related scandals.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "30 - PROGRAMS & PROJECTS"
-WHERE category = "Software Project"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
---
-
-## Stats
-
-```dataview
-TABLE length(rows) AS Count
-FROM "30 - PROGRAMS & PROJECTS"
-WHERE category
-GROUP BY category
-SORT length(rows) DESC
-```
--- a/PROJECTS/INTELLIGENCE_OPERATIONS/Project
+++ b/PROJECTS/INTELLIGENCE_OPERATIONS/Project
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ relations:
    with: "[[Air Force Intelligence Service]]"
    start: 1983-12-05
    role: "Air Force Intelligence reply of December 5, 1983 to KOB-TV on the teletype"
-    fn: 7
+    fn: 8
 created: 2026-10-03
 updated: 2026-10-03
 ---
@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ Moore wrote that he had been told of Project Aquarius at an earlier meeting with

 ### Moore's accounts of the copies

-Moore told the [[Mutual UFO Network]] symposium on July 1, 1989, in answer to a question on "the so-called Aquarius document which purports to be a facsimile" AFOSI message "with a few spurious additions," that "I neither typed nor retyped this document. It was created by AFOSI, or at least I always assumed it was, and it was handed to me in February 1981, with the intention that I would pass it to Bennewitz," whom he understood to be expected to "wave it to the press and others as proof of what he was saying about an alien invasion," after which the document would be denounced as a counterfeit and Bennewitz further discredited; he said a highlighted version showing the real and the added information was printed in the current issue of his newsletter.[^10] In the interview of September 30, 1989 that the 1990 report quotes, Moore described what he had said in [[Las Vegas]] as being that the document is "a retyped version of a real AFOSI message with a few spurious additions," and answered the question whether he knew who retyped it: "Certainly it was someone involved with the Bennewitz C/I effort, maybe Doty, maybe not."[^2] In the same speech he said that there was "in fact a project Aquarius, possibly two of them," that he had "considerable information about one such project in the 1971-73 time frame and sketchy information about another which may be a later extension of the first one in the 76 to 85 time frame," including "contract and report numbers as well as the names of several individuals who worked on the project," and that researchers should not "deluge the government with freedom of information requests for details of sensitive high-level projects."[^10] In the 1990 report Moore and [[Jaime Shandera]] corrected the date to March 2, 1981, when at a meeting with Falcon Moore was shown what looked like a government telex on perforated computer paper, was not allowed to keep it, and wrote notes on a legal pad afterward. Several weeks later, in [[Albuquerque]], Falcon and Doty gave him the retyped version, saying changes had been necessary to "sanitize" it. Moore resisted giving it to Bennewitz for several months and on delivery in June 1981 marked his copy so that it could be identified and told Bennewitz it might be a set-up; Bennewitz did not publicize it. Moore said that in the original the agency read "[[NSA]]" where the retyped version reads "[[NASA]]."[^2]
+Moore told the [[Mutual UFO Network]] symposium on July 1, 1989, in answer to a question on "the so-called Aquarius document which purports to be a facsimile" AFOSI message "with a few spurious additions," that "I neither typed nor retyped this document. It was created by AFOSI, or at least I always assumed it was, and it was handed to me in February 1981, with the intention that I would pass it to Bennewitz," whom he understood to be expected to "wave it to the press and others as proof of what he was saying about an alien invasion," after which the document would be denounced as a counterfeit and Bennewitz further discredited; he said a highlighted version showing the real and the added information was printed in the current issue of his newsletter.[^5] In the interview of September 30, 1989 that the 1990 report quotes, Moore described what he had said in [[Las Vegas]] as being that the document is "a retyped version of a real AFOSI message with a few spurious additions," and answered the question whether he knew who retyped it: "Certainly it was someone involved with the Bennewitz C/I effort, maybe Doty, maybe not."[^2] In the same speech he said that there was "in fact a project Aquarius, possibly two of them," that he had "considerable information about one such project in the 1971-73 time frame and sketchy information about another which may be a later extension of the first one in the 76 to 85 time frame," including "contract and report numbers as well as the names of several individuals who worked on the project," and that researchers should not "deluge the government with freedom of information requests for details of sensitive high-level projects."[^5] In the 1990 report Moore and [[Jaime Shandera]] corrected the date to March 2, 1981, when at a meeting with Falcon Moore was shown what looked like a government telex on perforated computer paper, was not allowed to keep it, and wrote notes on a legal pad afterward. Several weeks later, in [[Albuquerque]], Falcon and Doty gave him the retyped version, saying changes had been necessary to "sanitize" it. Moore resisted giving it to Bennewitz for several months and on delivery in June 1981 marked his copy so that it could be identified and told Bennewitz it might be a set-up; Bennewitz did not publicize it. Moore said that in the original the agency read "[[NSA]]" where the retyped version reads "[[NASA]]."[^2]

-Moore said that in September 1982 three copies existed: Bennewitz's, one in safekeeping, and one in his briefcase on a trip to [[San Francisco]], where he met in the morning a man later identified as an associate of the attorney [[Peter Gersten]]; his car was broken into that afternoon and the briefcase stolen, a theft reported to the San Francisco police on September 13, 1982. Four months later a copy with Moore's pencilled annotations was in Gersten's hands, and Gersten began circulating it to a few people in early 1983 without endorsing it.[^2] Moore showed a copy of the teletype to [[Brad Sparks]] and [[Kal Korff]] on January 17, 1982 and gave one to the producer of a program for [[KPIX-TV]] in San Francisco in 1982, according to Klass; Klass wrote that the researcher [[Robert Todd]] established in early 1983 that the teletype was bogus.[^1] Moore and Shandera wrote that the subject came up at the March 12, 1983 board meeting of the [[Fund for UFO Research]], which they attended as guests.[^2] After Gersten's meetings with Doty in January 1983, in which, according to the account Gersten gave to [[Barry Greenwood]], Doty said that the [[National Security Agency]] communicates with extraterrestrials under a project called Aquarius and discussed the teletype, [[Linda Moulton Howe]] and [[Larry Fawcett]] showed [[Robert Emenegger]] documents mentioning MJ-12 and Aquarius in March 1983.[^5][^6] Howe asked [[Jerry Miller]] on April 9, 1983 whether he was the "Miller" of "the 'AQUARIUS Cable.'"[^6]
+Moore said that in September 1982 three copies existed: Bennewitz's, one in safekeeping, and one in his briefcase on a trip to [[San Francisco]], where he met in the morning a man later identified as an associate of the attorney [[Peter Gersten]]; his car was broken into that afternoon and the briefcase stolen, a theft reported to the San Francisco police on September 13, 1982. Four months later a copy with Moore's pencilled annotations was in Gersten's hands, and Gersten began circulating it to a few people in early 1983 without endorsing it.[^2] Moore showed a copy of the teletype to [[Brad Sparks]] and [[Kal Korff]] on January 17, 1982 and gave one to the producer of a program for [[KPIX-TV]] in San Francisco in 1982, according to Klass; Klass wrote that the researcher [[Robert Todd]] established in early 1983 that the teletype was bogus.[^1] Moore and Shandera wrote that the subject came up at the March 12, 1983 board meeting of the [[Fund for UFO Research]], which they attended as guests.[^2] After Gersten's meetings with Doty in January 1983, in which, according to the account Gersten gave to [[Barry Greenwood]], Doty said that the [[National Security Agency]] communicates with extraterrestrials under a project called Aquarius and discussed the teletype, [[Linda Moulton Howe]] and [[Larry Fawcett]] showed [[Robert Emenegger]] documents mentioning MJ-12 and Aquarius in March 1983.[^6][^7] Howe asked [[Jerry Miller]] on April 9, 1983 whether he was the "Miller" of "the 'AQUARIUS Cable.'"[^7]

-The [[Air Force Intelligence Service]] told [[Peter L. Clarke]] of [[KOB-TV]] on December 5, 1983 that its files held only a copy of a message of unknown origin that had apparently been placed in circulation in at least three cities, forwarded to it by [[Citizens Against UFO Secrecy]], that AFOSI had reviewed it and confirmed it was a hoax, and that it had no record of receiving it from AFOSI; the letter enclosed the message with its security markings removed and other Air Force Intelligence documents generated by it.[^7] Pilkington wrote that in 1983 Air Force Intelligence opened an inquiry titled "Possible Unauthorized Release of Classified Material" that noted the claimed originator, a Captain Grace, did not exist, and that the [[U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey]] named in the text had ceased operations in 1970.[^4] Doty wrote to Greenwood on March 3, 1988 that "I know of no secret Government investigation of UFOs. I have never heard of MJ-12," a statement Klass set beside the presence of "MJ Twelve" in the teletype.[^1] In late 1988 Moore reconstructed the original from memory and 1981 notes and then compared it with Doty, who supplied a few more changes; Moore and Shandera wrote that Falcon took no part and that the result is a "very close approximation."[^2]
+The [[Air Force Intelligence Service]] told [[Peter L. Clarke]] of [[KOB-TV]] on December 5, 1983 that its files held only a copy of a message of unknown origin that had apparently been placed in circulation in at least three cities, forwarded to it by [[Citizens Against UFO Secrecy]], that AFOSI had reviewed it and confirmed it was a hoax, and that it had no record of receiving it from AFOSI; the letter enclosed the message with its security markings removed and other Air Force Intelligence documents generated by it.[^8] Pilkington wrote that in 1983 Air Force Intelligence opened an inquiry titled "Possible Unauthorized Release of Classified Material" that noted the claimed originator, a Captain Grace, did not exist, and that the [[U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey]] named in the text had ceased operations in 1970.[^4] Doty wrote to Greenwood on March 3, 1988 that "I know of no secret Government investigation of UFOs. I have never heard of MJ-12," a statement Klass set beside the presence of "MJ Twelve" in the teletype.[^1] In late 1988 Moore reconstructed the original from memory and 1981 notes and then compared it with Doty, who supplied a few more changes; Moore and Shandera wrote that Falcon took no part and that the result is a "very close approximation."[^2]

 ### The Executive Briefing, March 1983

@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Moore and Shandera wrote that in early March 1983 Moore received a telephone cal

 ### Other texts under the name

-Howe wrote that the briefing paper Doty showed her at Kirtland on April 9, 1983 included paragraphs on [[Project Sigma]], [[Project Snowbird]] and, last, Project Aquarius, "an overall project with the goal of accumulating and archiving all available information about alien life forms," some of whose data had been used to advance the space program.[^6] Howe's book reproduces, from a computer-network statement of December 18, 1988 by [[Milton William Cooper]], a text headed "Executive Briefing, Subject: MAJI, Project Grudge/Aquarius (TS/MAJIC)," which states that Aquarius contains sixteen volumes, was established in 1953 by order of President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] under control of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and MAJI, and assumed responsibility for UFO investigation after [[Project Blue Book]] closed in December 1969, and that lists subordinate projects including Plato, Sigma and Redlight.[^6] In a first-person chapter of *[[Exempt from Disclosure]]* credited to him and headed as taken from four interviews by Moore and Shandera in the 1980s and later updated, Doty stated that on joining AFOSI District 17 in May 1979 he was briefed into a program on UFO information and read an official document that "mentioned a 'Project Aquarius,' which contained 16 volumes of information."[^8]
+Howe wrote that the briefing paper Doty showed her at Kirtland on April 9, 1983 included paragraphs on [[Project Sigma]], [[Project Snowbird]] and, last, Project Aquarius, "an overall project with the goal of accumulating and archiving all available information about alien life forms," some of whose data had been used to advance the space program.[^7] Howe's book reproduces, from a computer-network statement of December 18, 1988 by [[Milton William Cooper]], a text headed "Executive Briefing, Subject: MAJI, Project Grudge/Aquarius (TS/MAJIC)," which states that Aquarius contains sixteen volumes, was established in 1953 by order of President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] under control of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and MAJI, and assumed responsibility for UFO investigation after [[Project Blue Book]] closed in December 1969, and that lists subordinate projects including Plato, Sigma and Redlight.[^7] In a first-person chapter of *[[Exempt from Disclosure]]* credited to him and headed as taken from four interviews by Moore and Shandera in the 1980s and later updated, Doty stated that on joining AFOSI District 17 in May 1979 he was briefed into a program on UFO information and read an official document that "mentioned a 'Project Aquarius,' which contained 16 volumes of information."[^9]

 Pilkington wrote that in notes of a January 1982 conversation with Moore, [[Bob Pratt]] of the [[National Enquirer]] recorded "Govt . . . UFO Project is Aquarius, classified Top Secret with access restricted to MJ 12 (MJ may be 'Majic')," and that the book Moore, Pratt and Doty planned was titled *The Aquarius Project*; he attributed this to Greenwood and Sparks's 2007 paper.[^4]

@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ Pilkington wrote that in notes of a January 1982 conversation with Moore, [[Bob
 [^2]: William L. Moore and Jaime H. Shandera, *The MJ-12 Documents: An Analytical Report* (Fund for UFO Research, 1990), "The Aquarius Document (Feb. 1981)," pp. 7 to 9, quoting FOCUS, June 30, 1989, p. 13, and September 30, 1989, p. 8; "The Carter Briefing Notes (Mar. '83)," p. 21; Appendix C, p. 83, http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/The-MJ-12-Documents-An-Analytical-Report-Excerpts.pdf and http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/S18-Aquarius-Document.pdf
 [^3]: OCR text of the Appendix C photocopy as reproduced at Internet Archive, item majiall337, file "aquariusteletype," https://archive.org/download/majiall337/aquariusteletype_djvu.txt. The OCR is degraded; the case number, the C-5A and the cylinder were legible, the remainder of items A to D was not.
 [^4]: Mark Pilkington, *Mirage Men* (Constable, 2010), chapters "Aviary," "The ET Factor" and "MJ-12," https://avalonlibrary.net/ebooks/Mark%20Pilkington%20-%20Mirage%20Men%20-%20A%20Journey%20into%20Disinformation,%20Paranoia%20and%20UFOs.pdf
-[^5]: "E B E's," parts 7 and 8, UFO BBS files UFO1026 and UFO1027, http://textfiles.com/ufo/UFOBBS/1000/1026.ufo and http://textfiles.com/ufo/UFOBBS/1000/1027.ufo.
-[^6]: Linda Moulton Howe, *An Alien Harvest*, 2nd ed. (2014), pp. 138 to 139, 144 to 145, 150 to 151, 158, 184 to 188, https://archive.org/details/howe-l.-m.-an-alien-harvest-2nd-ed-2014
-[^7]: Susan Cooksey, Freedom of Information Manager, Air Force Intelligence Service, letter to Peter L. Clarke, KOB Television, December 5, 1983, http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/KOB-TV-Bennewitz-FOIA.pdf
-[^8]: Robert Collins and Richard Doty, *Exempt from Disclosure: The Black World of UFOs*, Section 2, Chapter 4, "Richard Doty: Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI) Counter-Intelligence and Raven Addendum, the Wilderness of Mirrors," which the book states "was taken from a set of four interviews done by Bill Moore and Jaime Shandera in the 1980s and later updated"; https://archive.org/details/exempt-from-disclosure. Sole source for the passages so cited.
-[^10]: William L. Moore, "UFOs and the U.S. Government, Part I," address to the MUFON International UFO Symposium, Las Vegas, July 1, 1989, from the caption transcript of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUfimKiS-po (video of the Ron Regehr recording, Internet Archive item bill-moore-1989-mufon); the captions mis-render some names and quotations follow the caption wording.
+[^5]: William L. Moore, "UFOs and the U.S. Government, Part I," address to the MUFON International UFO Symposium, Las Vegas, July 1, 1989, from the caption transcript of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUfimKiS-po (video of the Ron Regehr recording, Internet Archive item bill-moore-1989-mufon); the captions mis-render some names and quotations follow the caption wording.
+[^6]: "E B E's," parts 7 and 8, UFO BBS files UFO1026 and UFO1027, http://textfiles.com/ufo/UFOBBS/1000/1026.ufo and http://textfiles.com/ufo/UFOBBS/1000/1027.ufo.
+[^7]: Linda Moulton Howe, *An Alien Harvest*, 2nd ed. (2014), pp. 138 to 139, 144 to 145, 150 to 151, 158, 184 to 188, https://archive.org/details/howe-l.-m.-an-alien-harvest-2nd-ed-2014
+[^8]: Susan Cooksey, Freedom of Information Manager, Air Force Intelligence Service, letter to Peter L. Clarke, KOB Television, December 5, 1983, http://www.openminds.tv/wp-content/uploads/KOB-TV-Bennewitz-FOIA.pdf
+[^9]: Robert Collins and Richard Doty, *Exempt from Disclosure: The Black World of UFOs*, Section 2, Chapter 4, "Richard Doty: Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI) Counter-Intelligence and Raven Addendum, the Wilderness of Mirrors," which the book states "was taken from a set of four interviews done by Bill Moore and Jaime Shandera in the 1980s and later updated"; https://archive.org/details/exempt-from-disclosure. Sole source for the passages so cited.
--- a/PROJECTS/KEY
+++ b/PROJECTS/KEY
@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Programs & Projects Index
-
-This Map of Content (MOC) auto-generates index tables for all programs and projects in The Info Web using Dataview queries. Pages are automatically included based on their `category` frontmatter field.
-
-To recategorize a program, edit its page's frontmatter `category` field.
-
---
-
-## Psi Research Programs
-Government-funded programs investigating psychic phenomena, remote viewing, and parapsychology.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Controlled Offensive Behavior - USSR]] | Controlled Offensive Behavior - USSR was a 1972 Defense Intelligence Agency report that assessed Soviet Union research into Parapsychology phenomena and its potential military applications. |
-| [[Great Skill Program]] | Great Skill Program (GS or GSP) is a secretive internal U.S. Army program to identify promising recruits and help to develop them into soldier spies. |
-| [[Paraphysics R&D - Warsaw Pact]] | Paraphysics R&D - Warsaw Pact' was a 1977 Defense Intelligence Agency report authored by Dale Graff. The report assessed Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact research into Psi phenomena, including electromagnetic fields, quantum physics, holography, and... |
-| [[Project Deep Quest]] | Project Deep Quest was a unique psychic functioning experiment conducted in 1977, involving Remote Viewing to locate an underwater shipwreck from a submersible. |
-| [[SCANATE]] | SCANATE was an early Central Intelligence Agency program that explored Psi phenomena, particularly Remote Viewing. It was initiated in 1970 in response to growing concerns about Soviet Parapsychology research. |
-| [[Stargate Project]] | The Stargate Project was a secret U.S. Army unit established in 1977 at Fort Meade, Maryland. Its purpose was to investigate Psi phenomena, particularly Remote Viewing, for military and intelligence applications. |
-| [[The Nautilus (Telepathy Project)]] | The Nautilus (Telepathy Project) refers to a sensational 1960 article in the French magazine *Science et Vie* titled 'The Secret of the Nautilus.' The article claimed that the U.S. |
-
-## Intelligence Operations
-Covert operations, police investigations, and intelligence programs.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program]] | The Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) was a clandestine Pentagon program that investigated Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP). |
-| [[CHAOS Program]] | The CHAOS Program was a highly secret Central Intelligence Agency operation. It involved the Agency's purchase of a Washington D.C. |
-| [[Delta Project]] | The Delta Project was the operational name for John David Norman's child trafficking and prostitution network, also referred to as the Odyssey Network. |
-| [[Legacy Program]] | The Legacy Program is the name given to a deeply hidden, decades-long U.S. government and private contractor effort to retrieve and reverse-engineer technology from crashed or landed Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) of non-human origin. |
-| [[Operation Arundel]] | The investigation into Jonathan King and Chris Denning in the early 2000s led to Operation Arundel, into a suspected pedophile ring of BBC celebrities in the 1970s and 1980s who allegedly procured boys and girls from an underage nightclub called the... |
-| [[Operation Big Spender]] | FBI sting operation that exposed widespread corruption within the LASD Major Violators squads, resulting in the conviction of multiple narcotics detectives and nearly exposing the CIA-Contra drug connection. |
-| [[Operation Fernbridge]] | Operation Fernbridge was launched by the Metropolitan Police in February 2013 as a full criminal investigation into allegations that prominent people, including politicians, abused boys at the Elm Guest House in Barnes, south-west London during the... |
-| [[Operation Framework]] | Operation Framework was a joint investigation between Scotland Yard and Dutch authorities conducted between 1992 and 1993 into suspected snuff pornography produced by British nationals operating in Amsterdam. |
-| [[Operation Gladio]] | Operation Gladio was a post-World War II effort by NATO bloc spy agencies to suppress the dialectic swing away from fascism towards left-leaning political movements in Europe. |
-| [[Operation Midland]] | Operation Midland was a Scotland Yard investigation launched in November 2014 focusing on cold case files related to two child murders from 1979 and 1981 with potential connections to the Elm Guest House. |
-| [[Operation Orchid]] | Operation Orchid was a Scotland Yard investigation into Sidney Cooke and his gang of pedophiles conducted during the 1980s. |
-| [[Operation Othello]] | Operation Othello was the Belgian police investigation into Marc Dutroux's auto theft ring, which ran parallel to the Dutroux kidnapping investigation. |
-| [[Operation Ravine]] | Operation Ravine was a Surrey Police investigation launched in the mid-2010s following a review of previous inquiries into historical child sexual abuse at the Walton Hop Disco, a popular teenage nightclub in Walton-on-Thames that operated from 1958... |
-| [[Operation Yewtree]] | Operation Yewtree was a Metropolitan Police investigation launched in early October 2012 following the death of BBC presenter Jimmy Savile. |
-| [[Project 8200]] | Project 8200 is a program related to UFO/UAP (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena) bases and activities. It is mentioned in the context of Frederick Atwater's publications, specifically his 2024 book *Project 8200: UFO/UAP Bases and Activities: The... |
-| [[Project Sahara]] | Project Sahara was the code name for LAPD detective Guzzetta's investigation into the Blandón cocaine network, which uncovered the Contra drug connection before being shut down. |
-| [[Systems Exploitation Detachment]] | The Systems Exploitation Detachment (SED) was a unit within the United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) and the office of the assistant chief of staff for intelligence (ACSI). |
-| [[Tower Commission]] | The Tower Commission was a presidential commission of inquiry established to investigate the Iran-Contra Affair. It was headed by former Senator John Tower. |
-| [[Unit 8200]] | Unit 8200 is an Israel Signals Intelligence (Sigint) unit, specializing in code-breaking. It is housed in a base located near a country club north of Tel Aviv, with a nearby building known as 'the villa' belonging to Mossad, where top-secret... |
-
-## Historical Programs
-Major historical research and development programs with lasting significance.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Dimona]] | The Dimona facility, officially known as the Negev Nuclear Research Center, stands as a deeply clandestine and pivotal complex within Israel's national security apparatus, nestled in the arid Negev Desert south of Jerusalem. |
-| [[Manhattan Project]] | The Manhattan Project was a top-secret research and development undertaking by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada during World War II. Its primary objective was to produce the first nuclear weapons. J. |
-| [[Project MKUltra]] | Project MKUltra was a top-secret, illegal human experimentation program designed and undertaken by the Central Intelligence Agency. |
-| [[Project Pandora]] | Project Pandora was a classified U.S. research program initiated by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (now DARPA) in response to the Moscow Signal, a microwave beam directed at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow by the Soviet Union. |
-
-## Software Projects
-Software development projects and related scandals.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[PROMIS]] | In 1969, US Attorney Thomas A. Flannery perceived an urgent need for new techniques for dealing with the overwhelming amount of cases going through the U.S. Attorney's office. |
-| [[PROMIS Software Scandal]] | The PROMIS Software Scandal centers around a revolutionary case management system called PROMIS (Prosecutor's Management Information System). |
-
---
-
-## Stats
-
-| category | Count |
-| --- | --- |
-| Intelligence Operation | 19 |
-| Psi Research Program | 7 |
-| Historical Program | 4 |
-| Software Project | 2 |
--- a/PROJECTS/PSI_RESEARCH_PROGRAMS/Stargate
+++ b/PROJECTS/PSI_RESEARCH_PROGRAMS/Stargate
@ -49,47 +49,47 @@ On February 15, 1979, the Army general counsel found that Grill Flame involved t

 The three-year joint program of fiscal 1981 to 1983 cost 1,475,500 dollars, 962,000 of it from DIA, 313,500 from INSCOM, and 200,000 from DARPA, of which 575,000 went to training. DIA's report of October 19, 1983, found: "Remote viewing is a real phenomenon, and is not degraded by distance or shielding. Remote viewing ability can be improved by appropriate training procedures. Remote viewing has potential for US intelligence applications. However, at this stage of development, descriptive content (e.g., sketches, configurations) is more reliable than analytic content." It reported that INSCOM's viewers "detected the remote site successfully in 50 percent of their projects (89 sites)," and that "a potential threat to US national security exists from foreign achievements in psychoenergetics. In the USSR and in China, this research is well funded." SRI's list of clients served included "a secret NSA facility, including codeword retrieval" and "Soviet R&D facility at Semipalatinsk (PNUTS)."[^3][^10]

-The Defense Department's coordination began at a meeting in [[Jack Vorona]]'s conference room at Pomponio Plaza on August 24, 1978, attended by Vorona, Colonel Jack Capps of the Army staff, Charlie Carter of the Missile Intelligence Agency and [[Dale Graff]] of the Foreign Technology Division, "to establish a unified DoD effort in the development of remote viewing technology for intelligence purposes." Vorona said "the effort is fully supported by the Director of DIA," that "the Soviet Union has a significant commitment in this area," and that DIA, FTD and AMSAA "have contractual funds at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) for some preliminary investigations into remote viewing feasibility. However, this funding will cease at the end of the current fiscal year (30 September 1978)"; he "decided against the establishment of a restricted access list and a special codeword for the program," marking all papers "SECRET, ORCON"; the working group "will consist of DoD and NSA personnel only." The Naval Intelligence Command replied on September 14 that it was "unable at this time to pledge a specific level of funding support"; the Air Force on September 29 that it "has supported $100K of contractual assistance for FTD to verify data on Warsaw Pact experiments in paranormal techniques" and "cannot commit additional funds at this time"; the Army on October 4 that "the term Remote Viewing may be more correctly replaced with Parapsychology," that "Army Intelligence obligated $75K, this past week, of year-end funds to support an SRI Subject selection and training program for INSCOM personnel over the next year," and that "there are occasional, but persistent indications that the Navy has maintained its research into Parapsychology." A draft Army request of July 7, 1978, with [[E. H. Walker]] as principal investigator, had asked for 350,000 dollars in fiscal 1979 "to determine feasibility of developing automatic equipment capable of producing remote viewing in hard copy form," equipment that "might have the same utility in any future conflict as that of the Ultra machine used in WWII."[^902]
+The Defense Department's coordination began at a meeting in [[Jack Vorona]]'s conference room at Pomponio Plaza on August 24, 1978, attended by Vorona, Colonel Jack Capps of the Army staff, Charlie Carter of the Missile Intelligence Agency and [[Dale Graff]] of the Foreign Technology Division, "to establish a unified DoD effort in the development of remote viewing technology for intelligence purposes." Vorona said "the effort is fully supported by the Director of DIA," that "the Soviet Union has a significant commitment in this area," and that DIA, FTD and AMSAA "have contractual funds at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) for some preliminary investigations into remote viewing feasibility. However, this funding will cease at the end of the current fiscal year (30 September 1978)"; he "decided against the establishment of a restricted access list and a special codeword for the program," marking all papers "SECRET, ORCON"; the working group "will consist of DoD and NSA personnel only." The Naval Intelligence Command replied on September 14 that it was "unable at this time to pledge a specific level of funding support"; the Air Force on September 29 that it "has supported $100K of contractual assistance for FTD to verify data on Warsaw Pact experiments in paranormal techniques" and "cannot commit additional funds at this time"; the Army on October 4 that "the term Remote Viewing may be more correctly replaced with Parapsychology," that "Army Intelligence obligated $75K, this past week, of year-end funds to support an SRI Subject selection and training program for INSCOM personnel over the next year," and that "there are occasional, but persistent indications that the Navy has maintained its research into Parapsychology." A draft Army request of July 7, 1978, with [[E. H. Walker]] as principal investigator, had asked for 350,000 dollars in fiscal 1979 "to determine feasibility of developing automatic equipment capable of producing remote viewing in hard copy form," equipment that "might have the same utility in any future conflict as that of the Ultra machine used in WWII."[^11]

-Oversight in the Pentagon followed a letter of October 25, 1978, from Representative [[Charlie Rose]] to [[Ruth Davis]], the deputy under secretary of defense for research and advanced technology, asking "to see the Department of Defense undertake those efforts deemed necessary and appropriate to investigate remote viewing," and with her memorandum to Vorona of November 20 setting eight questions for "the oversight groups you will establish," among them measures "developed by other than the current experimenters" that "ensure that the magicians' processes of deception, feedback to subjects, etc. are not inadvertantly allowed" and "a stark clear statement of events, data, etc. that will justify termination of continued funding." The Grill Flame steering committee first met on February 13, 1979, with "all Service ACSI's, Dr. Ruth Davis, Dr. [[Walter LaBerge|LaBerge]], and Dr. Vorona (standing in for LTG [[Eugene Tighe|Tighe]])." The [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]] appointed that summer put the money spent to date at "CIA, 1972-78: $240K. DIA, 1979: $100K. USAF, 1976-79: $300K. Army, 1977-79: $490K," recorded that the Navy's representatives "attend all DOD meetings, but remain uncommitted and literally silent," and reported in December 1979 that remote viewing "thus far have not proved the existence of the phenomena," a report the Pentagon's working group called "misleading and inadequate."[^901]
+Oversight in the Pentagon followed a letter of October 25, 1978, from Representative [[Charlie Rose]] to [[Ruth Davis]], the deputy under secretary of defense for research and advanced technology, asking "to see the Department of Defense undertake those efforts deemed necessary and appropriate to investigate remote viewing," and with her memorandum to Vorona of November 20 setting eight questions for "the oversight groups you will establish," among them measures "developed by other than the current experimenters" that "ensure that the magicians' processes of deception, feedback to subjects, etc. are not inadvertantly allowed" and "a stark clear statement of events, data, etc. that will justify termination of continued funding." The Grill Flame steering committee first met on February 13, 1979, with "all Service ACSI's, Dr. Ruth Davis, Dr. [[Walter LaBerge|LaBerge]], and Dr. Vorona (standing in for LTG [[Eugene Tighe|Tighe]])." The [[Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee]] appointed that summer put the money spent to date at "CIA, 1972-78: $240K. DIA, 1979: $100K. USAF, 1976-79: $300K. Army, 1977-79: $490K," recorded that the Navy's representatives "attend all DOD meetings, but remain uncommitted and literally silent," and reported in December 1979 that remote viewing "thus far have not proved the existence of the phenomena," a report the Pentagon's working group called "misleading and inadequate."[^12]

-The committee first met as "the DoD Committee on Special Sensors" on November 28, 1978, in Vorona's conference room and named itself the DoD Grill Flame Committee. Its oversight committee was "Dr. Jack Vorona, DIA; MG E. R. Thompson, Army ACSI; RADM S. Shapiro, Commander, NIC; Maj Gen J. L. Brown, Air Force ACSI; Dr. Lowell Dailey, USDR&E Representative" in DIA's minutes (INSCOM's summary of the same meeting has it as "service ACSI's, Dr. Vorona and Dr. Ruth Davis," and calls Dailey "Bob Dailey - DUSRAT/Consultant"), "responsible for insuring that research and experiments fall within the legal guidelines"; "DIA will have 'Intelligence Oversight' responsibility; local IG cannot inspect without approval." Permanent members "must possess SI/TK clearances"; "Dr. Vorona expressed concern that parapsychology activities within DoD elements were springing up all over. He directed that agencies (represented on committee) develop policy for turning off 'exposures' as they come up"; "all documents originating as a result of the GRILL FLAME program would undergo downgrading review only after 20 years"; "Mr. Graff next suggested that a cover story be developed for the program; Dr. Vorona suggested that the National Academy of Sciences might back an open program to investigate paranormal phenomena"; it was agreed that a CIA representative be invited; and a review of "the SRI remote viewing experiments carried out at DIA this past summer" found "the results appear to be inconclusive."[^904]
+The committee first met as "the DoD Committee on Special Sensors" on November 28, 1978, in Vorona's conference room and named itself the DoD Grill Flame Committee. Its oversight committee was "Dr. Jack Vorona, DIA; MG E. R. Thompson, Army ACSI; RADM S. Shapiro, Commander, NIC; Maj Gen J. L. Brown, Air Force ACSI; Dr. Lowell Dailey, USDR&E Representative" in DIA's minutes (INSCOM's summary of the same meeting has it as "service ACSI's, Dr. Vorona and Dr. Ruth Davis," and calls Dailey "Bob Dailey - DUSRAT/Consultant"), "responsible for insuring that research and experiments fall within the legal guidelines"; "DIA will have 'Intelligence Oversight' responsibility; local IG cannot inspect without approval." Permanent members "must possess SI/TK clearances"; "Dr. Vorona expressed concern that parapsychology activities within DoD elements were springing up all over. He directed that agencies (represented on committee) develop policy for turning off 'exposures' as they come up"; "all documents originating as a result of the GRILL FLAME program would undergo downgrading review only after 20 years"; "Mr. Graff next suggested that a cover story be developed for the program; Dr. Vorona suggested that the National Academy of Sciences might back an open program to investigate paranormal phenomena"; it was agreed that a CIA representative be invited; and a review of "the SRI remote viewing experiments carried out at DIA this past summer" found "the results appear to be inconclusive."[^13]

-DIA's 1995 history of the service programs adds the Army's Missile Research and Development Command (MIRADCOM), which "had Stanford Research Institute (SRI) under contract" under the sponsorship of the Missile Intelligence Agency (MIA), whose object "was to determine whether selected individuals could interact and influence" electronic equipment; MIRADCOM "had responsibility for developing a 'Remote Perturbation' experimental program," and "from May 1979 to September 1979, SRI assisted MIRADCOM in developing sensitive measurement equipment for the experiment." Its funding table, in thousands of dollars: MIA, 80 for psychokinesis in 1977-78 and 118 in 1979; AMSAA, 220 for remote viewing in 1978; INSCOM, 75 for remote viewing in 1978-80 and 25 for operations in 1979-80; MIRADCOM, 90 for psychokinesis and 190 for an unknown purpose in 1979-80; the Army staff and INSCOM, 150 for remote viewing in fiscal 1981; and DARCOM, 700 for remote viewing in fiscal 1981. Of the Navy and Air Force work of the same years, "no further information is on file."[^900]
+DIA's 1995 history of the service programs adds the Army's Missile Research and Development Command (MIRADCOM), which "had Stanford Research Institute (SRI) under contract" under the sponsorship of the Missile Intelligence Agency (MIA), whose object "was to determine whether selected individuals could interact and influence" electronic equipment; MIRADCOM "had responsibility for developing a 'Remote Perturbation' experimental program," and "from May 1979 to September 1979, SRI assisted MIRADCOM in developing sensitive measurement equipment for the experiment." Its funding table, in thousands of dollars: MIA, 80 for psychokinesis in 1977-78 and 118 in 1979; AMSAA, 220 for remote viewing in 1978; INSCOM, 75 for remote viewing in 1978-80 and 25 for operations in 1979-80; MIRADCOM, 90 for psychokinesis and 190 for an unknown purpose in 1979-80; the Army staff and INSCOM, 150 for remote viewing in fiscal 1981; and DARCOM, 700 for remote viewing in fiscal 1981. Of the Navy and Air Force work of the same years, "no further information is on file."[^14]

-The unit's personnel file, released with the collection, holds Grill Flame security agreements dated February 8, 1979, with consent statements, in the names of [[Joe McMoneagle|Joseph W. McMoneagle]], [[Mel Riley|Melvin C. Riley]], Ann E. Djupman, Stephen C. Horton, Donald L. Hopkins, Maurice C. Himes and Nancy K. Stout, with [[Ken Bell|Kenneth V. Bell, Jr.]]'s form of May 9, 1979, and later ones for Lawrence J. Rickard (1981), [[Rob Cowart|Robert C. Cowart]] (1981) and the DIA Sun Streak access forms of 1985 to 1988 signed by Vorona; McMoneagle's participant counseling statement as a warrant officer, "INSCOM Op Ctr Analyst," carries a date the scan renders as October 1977, elsewhere read as October 26, 1979.[^903]
+The unit's personnel file, released with the collection, holds Grill Flame security agreements dated February 8, 1979, with consent statements, in the names of [[Joe McMoneagle|Joseph W. McMoneagle]], [[Mel Riley|Melvin C. Riley]], Ann E. Djupman, Stephen C. Horton, Donald L. Hopkins, Maurice C. Himes and Nancy K. Stout, with [[Ken Bell|Kenneth V. Bell, Jr.]]'s form of May 9, 1979, and later ones for Lawrence J. Rickard (1981), [[Rob Cowart|Robert C. Cowart]] (1981) and the DIA Sun Streak access forms of 1985 to 1988 signed by Vorona; McMoneagle's participant counseling statement as a warrant officer, "INSCOM Op Ctr Analyst," carries a date the scan renders as October 1977, elsewhere read as October 26, 1979.[^15]

 ### Center Lane

 In 1981 the ACSI "transferred total management responsibility for the project to INSCOM," and a joint services committee of DIA, the Air Force, and the Army was formed; "the Navy expressed no interest and later the Air Force Chief of Staff directed that the Air Force withdraw." At the end of fiscal 1982 "the budget subcommittee of the [[Senate Select Committee on Intelligence]] (Senator [[Malcolm Wallop|Wallop]]) curtailed all psychoenergetic operational activities conducted by the Army in the National Foreign Intelligence Program." The commander of INSCOM, [[Albert Stubblebine]], "decided to continue INSCOM's project and provide funding with Security and Investigative Activities (S&IA) monies," under "a provisional special access program nicknamed Center Lane," approved by the Secretary of the Army as a special access program on June 15, 1983, and continued on September 1, with a compartment called "Center Lane Level 4." Its mission statement ran: "Conduct intelligence collection and counterintelligence operations utilizing all psychoenergetic processes applicable," and "expand operational capabilities and training beyond the confines of information collection into the fields of psychoenergetic communication and psychokinesis." By the end of fiscal 1984 it had nine operational and two support personnel, and "in the past five years we have conducted over 750 operational intelligence collection missions."[^6]

-From March 21 to April 20, 1984, the unit "conducted 11 remote viewing interviews at the request of the Central Intelligence Agency" on [[William Buckley]], the station chief kidnapped in [[Beirut]] on March 16: where he was, his condition, his captors, and "CIA point of contact for release negotiation." A CIA memorandum of May 1, 1984, over the title block of the deputy director for operations, stated: "CIA's relationship with the US Army activities covered under the designator of CENTER LANE has been that of a customer. We have no Agency people or funds assigned to or otherwise designated in support of those activities." Its sources "have often 'made contact' far beyond what might be expected by probabilities and coincidence," with "a less than hoped for signal-to-noise ratio and a less than photographic resolution, as well as some outright misses"; "we would like to continue to call upon CENTER LANE." The overview of May 4, 1984, by Lieutenant Colonel Brian Buzby recommended that the work continue within INSCOM. A memorandum chain of November and December 1984 recorded that the fiscal 1983 appropriation language "directed that future parapsychological experimentation be conducted outside the NFIP," that DIA's funds for 1984 and 1985 were 79,000 dollars each for "evaluation of foreign research only," that DARPA had put in 600,000 dollars in 1984, that the Army surgeon general anticipated two million for 1985, and that DIA planned "to detail the operational remote viewing unit from HQDA/INSCOM to DIA."[^10][^11]
+From March 21 to April 20, 1984, the unit "conducted 11 remote viewing interviews at the request of the Central Intelligence Agency" on [[William Buckley]], the station chief kidnapped in [[Beirut]] on March 16: where he was, his condition, his captors, and "CIA point of contact for release negotiation." A CIA memorandum of May 1, 1984, over the title block of the deputy director for operations, stated: "CIA's relationship with the US Army activities covered under the designator of CENTER LANE has been that of a customer. We have no Agency people or funds assigned to or otherwise designated in support of those activities." Its sources "have often 'made contact' far beyond what might be expected by probabilities and coincidence," with "a less than hoped for signal-to-noise ratio and a less than photographic resolution, as well as some outright misses"; "we would like to continue to call upon CENTER LANE." The overview of May 4, 1984, by Lieutenant Colonel Brian Buzby recommended that the work continue within INSCOM. A memorandum chain of November and December 1984 recorded that the fiscal 1983 appropriation language "directed that future parapsychological experimentation be conducted outside the NFIP," that DIA's funds for 1984 and 1985 were 79,000 dollars each for "evaluation of foreign research only," that DARPA had put in 600,000 dollars in 1984, that the Army surgeon general anticipated two million for 1985, and that DIA planned "to detail the operational remote viewing unit from HQDA/INSCOM to DIA."[^10][^16]

-INSCOM's chronology of the unit lists briefings of an official of the [[Office of Management and Budget]] (April 1982), the House and Senate intelligence and appropriations staffs (1981 to 1983), Lieutenant General [[Lincoln D. Faurer]] of the NSA (August 5, 1982, and December 5, 1983), Senator [[Claiborne Pell]] (September 29, 1982), Senator Wallop (October 5, 1983), Vice President Bush (1983), the Secretary of the Army, and the Army inspector general (April 10, 1984). The Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee under [[Manfred Gale]] had reported in December 1979 that the research "thus far have not proved the existence of the phenomena," with a majority of five of eight allowing INSCOM's operational work to continue under oversight. The unit ceased collection on September 28, 1984, and passed under DIA's operational control on March 7, 1985.[^12]
+INSCOM's chronology of the unit lists briefings of an official of the [[Office of Management and Budget]] (April 1982), the House and Senate intelligence and appropriations staffs (1981 to 1983), Lieutenant General [[Lincoln D. Faurer]] of the NSA (August 5, 1982, and December 5, 1983), Senator [[Claiborne Pell]] (September 29, 1982), Senator Wallop (October 5, 1983), Vice President Bush (1983), the Secretary of the Army, and the Army inspector general (April 10, 1984). The Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee under [[Manfred Gale]] had reported in December 1979 that the research "thus far have not proved the existence of the phenomena," with a majority of five of eight allowing INSCOM's operational work to continue under oversight. The unit ceased collection on September 28, 1984, and passed under DIA's operational control on March 7, 1985.[^17]

 ### The Science Panel

-A "congressionally directed independent scientific review" met in August and September 1983 and reported on March 1, 1984, over the signatures of W. Ross Adey, [[Donald M. Kerr]], and F. Zachariasen: "The evidence shown to us is too impressive to dismiss as mere coincidence. Certain similarities between the SRI and Princeton results, obtained in very different circumstances by unrelated investigators, are particularly compelling." The panel "found no obvious evidence of cueing or collusion," thought "remote viewing is either real or due to some sort of experimental interference from one or some of the participants," found that "repeated attempts to elicit a rational basis" for [[Ingo Swann]]'s coordinate training "were uniformly unsuccessful," and concluded "that Dr. Puthoff's team warrants cautious continued fiscal support, and that the research should be conducted as much as possible in an open unclassified mode." DIA was still citing the report in 1993.[^13]
+A "congressionally directed independent scientific review" met in August and September 1983 and reported on March 1, 1984, over the signatures of W. Ross Adey, [[Donald M. Kerr]], and F. Zachariasen: "The evidence shown to us is too impressive to dismiss as mere coincidence. Certain similarities between the SRI and Princeton results, obtained in very different circumstances by unrelated investigators, are particularly compelling." The panel "found no obvious evidence of cueing or collusion," thought "remote viewing is either real or due to some sort of experimental interference from one or some of the participants," found that "repeated attempts to elicit a rational basis" for [[Ingo Swann]]'s coordinate training "were uniformly unsuccessful," and concluded "that Dr. Puthoff's team warrants cautious continued fiscal support, and that the research should be conducted as much as possible in an open unclassified mode." DIA was still citing the report in 1993.[^18]

 ### Sun Streak

-The DIA phase is described on the page Sun Streak. "In January 1985, Project GRILL FLAME was transferred to DIA and was placed under the staff cognizance of the former Directorate for Scientific and Technical Intelligence. Moreover, a 5-year psychoenergetics program (FY 1986-1990), using Army medical research and development funds authorized by the then U.S. Army Surgeon General, was begun at SRI," to "document that psychoenergetic phenomena are real and reproducible, to determine the underlying mechanisms, and to bring psychoenergetics research into the mainstream of human performance research." The Fort Meade unit "was transferred to DIA in 1986 when 12 billets were authorized in the GDIP budget for this activity. A Special Access Program (SAP), SUN STREAK, was established in order to protect identity of the individuals." It worked 192 projects from 1986 to 1989. A Military Intelligence Board review of 1989 and 1990 found "potential applications exist for certain project types: counternarcotics (CN), counterterrorism (CT), counterintelligence (CI)," "limited potential" for detailed data, and "low potential" for prediction; in a 1990 Army counternarcotics test, of 32 projects with ground truth "about one third of all projects were judged to have provided data of good quality." The Army surgeon general's money ran 1.9 million dollars in 1985-86, 2.3 million in 1987, 1.15 million in 1988, and one million in 1989. "The effort at SRI was discontinued in 1990."[^14]
+The DIA phase is described on the page Sun Streak. "In January 1985, Project GRILL FLAME was transferred to DIA and was placed under the staff cognizance of the former Directorate for Scientific and Technical Intelligence. Moreover, a 5-year psychoenergetics program (FY 1986-1990), using Army medical research and development funds authorized by the then U.S. Army Surgeon General, was begun at SRI," to "document that psychoenergetic phenomena are real and reproducible, to determine the underlying mechanisms, and to bring psychoenergetics research into the mainstream of human performance research." The Fort Meade unit "was transferred to DIA in 1986 when 12 billets were authorized in the GDIP budget for this activity. A Special Access Program (SAP), SUN STREAK, was established in order to protect identity of the individuals." It worked 192 projects from 1986 to 1989. A Military Intelligence Board review of 1989 and 1990 found "potential applications exist for certain project types: counternarcotics (CN), counterterrorism (CT), counterintelligence (CI)," "limited potential" for detailed data, and "low potential" for prediction; in a 1990 Army counternarcotics test, of 32 projects with ground truth "about one third of all projects were judged to have provided data of good quality." The Army surgeon general's money ran 1.9 million dollars in 1985-86, 2.3 million in 1987, 1.15 million in 1988, and one million in 1989. "The effort at SRI was discontinued in 1990."[^19]

 ### Star Gate

-"In the FY 1991 Defense Authorization Act, the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) was identified as executive agent for initiating a new program to investigate parapsychological/anomalous phenomena. A funding level of $2 million was authorized," repeated in the fiscal 1992 appropriation, which also ordered DIA to "realign 10 civilian billets" and to assess foreign "weaponization." The project "was formally established as a limited dissemination (LIMDIS) project early-on and given the official project name, STAR GATE," and the research went to the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory of [[Science Applications International Corporation]] in [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]] under May. DIA's budget paper of March 1995 listed among the customers [[United States Special Operations Command|USSOCOM]], [[United States Central Command|CENTCOM]], the Joint Interagency Task Forces East and West, JTF-6, and the [[El Paso Intelligence Center]], and gave DIA's own funding as 600,000 dollars in 1993, 500,000 in 1994, and 650,000 in 1995; "since FY 1980, the manpower structure devoted to Project STAR GATE remained constant (10 billets)." Congress in fiscal 1994 required a plan "to determine whether the STAR GATE program can show results that are cost-effective," subject "to peer review by neutral scientific experts"; the SAIC contract expired in May 1994 and was twice extended without cost to the end of the year, and 45 SRI and SAIC reports were approved for declassification. SAIC's own assessment, quoted by DIA: "The evidence for a valid information transfer anomaly (anomalous cognition (AC)) meets all recognized statistical and methodological criteria," its size "medium-to-large when compared to other known human behaviors," and "approximately 1 percent of the general population appears to meet strict statistical criteria for exhibiting a robust AC ability."[^15]
+"In the FY 1991 Defense Authorization Act, the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) was identified as executive agent for initiating a new program to investigate parapsychological/anomalous phenomena. A funding level of $2 million was authorized," repeated in the fiscal 1992 appropriation, which also ordered DIA to "realign 10 civilian billets" and to assess foreign "weaponization." The project "was formally established as a limited dissemination (LIMDIS) project early-on and given the official project name, STAR GATE," and the research went to the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory of [[Science Applications International Corporation]] in [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]] under May. DIA's budget paper of March 1995 listed among the customers [[United States Special Operations Command|USSOCOM]], [[United States Central Command|CENTCOM]], the Joint Interagency Task Forces East and West, JTF-6, and the [[El Paso Intelligence Center]], and gave DIA's own funding as 600,000 dollars in 1993, 500,000 in 1994, and 650,000 in 1995; "since FY 1980, the manpower structure devoted to Project STAR GATE remained constant (10 billets)." Congress in fiscal 1994 required a plan "to determine whether the STAR GATE program can show results that are cost-effective," subject "to peer review by neutral scientific experts"; the SAIC contract expired in May 1994 and was twice extended without cost to the end of the year, and 45 SRI and SAIC reports were approved for declassification. SAIC's own assessment, quoted by DIA: "The evidence for a valid information transfer anomaly (anomalous cognition (AC)) meets all recognized statistical and methodological criteria," its size "medium-to-large when compared to other known human behaviors," and "approximately 1 percent of the general population appears to meet strict statistical criteria for exhibiting a robust AC ability."[^20]

-DIA's account of the Star Gate years: the project was "established on 31 January 1991"; the fiscal 1991 money, "$2 million received and obligated ($1.5 million R&D, $0.5 million O&M)," went to a sole-source contract with SAIC's Cognitive Sciences Laboratory "on line by July 1991," to a "Long-Range Comprehensive Plan" published by May 30, 1991, and to magnetoencephalograph measurements at Los Alamos National Laboratory whose "analysis of results was reported to be inconclusive." Under the fiscal 1992 authorization DIA realigned the ten billets, delivered a report, "Project Architecture," ODT-S-1042-SL, on March 30, 1992, and was to balance the program among "over 12 users" including USSOCOM, USCENTCOM, the joint interagency task forces and JTF-6. Fiscal 1993 language "authorized $0.6 million for STAR GATE and directed the DIA Director to determine the feasibility of transferring" it to the Armed Services Medical Intelligence Center at [[Fort Detrick]]; "the study was undertaken and a decision was made to retain the project at Fort Meade." For fiscal 1994 DIA published "Project STAR GATE Research and Review Plan," PAG-TA-1068-SL, in June 1994, but "core R&D program funds expired in May 1994," and the customer base was "expanded through visits" to the commands, task forces and the El Paso Intelligence Center.[^900]
+DIA's account of the Star Gate years: the project was "established on 31 January 1991"; the fiscal 1991 money, "$2 million received and obligated ($1.5 million R&D, $0.5 million O&M)," went to a sole-source contract with SAIC's Cognitive Sciences Laboratory "on line by July 1991," to a "Long-Range Comprehensive Plan" published by May 30, 1991, and to magnetoencephalograph measurements at Los Alamos National Laboratory whose "analysis of results was reported to be inconclusive." Under the fiscal 1992 authorization DIA realigned the ten billets, delivered a report, "Project Architecture," ODT-S-1042-SL, on March 30, 1992, and was to balance the program among "over 12 users" including USSOCOM, USCENTCOM, the joint interagency task forces and JTF-6. Fiscal 1993 language "authorized $0.6 million for STAR GATE and directed the DIA Director to determine the feasibility of transferring" it to the Armed Services Medical Intelligence Center at [[Fort Detrick]]; "the study was undertaken and a decision was made to retain the project at Fort Meade." For fiscal 1994 DIA published "Project STAR GATE Research and Review Plan," PAG-TA-1068-SL, in June 1994, but "core R&D program funds expired in May 1994," and the customer base was "expanded through visits" to the commands, task forces and the El Paso Intelligence Center.[^14]

-"From 1986 to the first quarter of FY 1995, the DoD paranormal psychology program received more than 200 tasks from operational military organizations." Only in 1994 did it adopt a numerical evaluation. By May 1, 1995, its three viewers, all full-time government employees, had answered 40 tasks from five organizations, 26 of them from DIA in support of two joint task forces, others on "North Korean (NK) capabilities and leadership." Of 99 accuracy scores on a six-point scale, 55 were 2s and 3s and 13 were 1s; of 100 value scores on a five-point scale, none was "major significance." The summary report of the evaluations concluded: "The utility of RV for operational intelligence collection cannot be substantiated. The ambiguous and subjective nature of the process actually creates a need for additional efforts of questionable operational return."[^16]
+"From 1986 to the first quarter of FY 1995, the DoD paranormal psychology program received more than 200 tasks from operational military organizations." Only in 1994 did it adopt a numerical evaluation. By May 1, 1995, its three viewers, all full-time government employees, had answered 40 tasks from five organizations, 26 of them from DIA in support of two joint task forces, others on "North Korean (NK) capabilities and leadership." Of 99 accuracy scores on a six-point scale, 55 were 2s and 3s and 13 were 1s; of 100 value scores on a five-point scale, none was "major significance." The summary report of the evaluations concluded: "The utility of RV for operational intelligence collection cannot be substantiated. The ambiguous and subjective nature of the process actually creates a need for additional efforts of questionable operational return."[^21]

 ### Termination

-"In early 1995, Senate conferees directed the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to transfer the 'Star Gate' program from the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to CIA. Specifically, the conferees directed the transfer of ten civilian billets and $500,000 in Star Gate program resources by July 1, 1995," together with "a technical review of Star Gate going back twenty years, a declassification review, and establishment of a cooperative activity with the Russians in parapsychology." The Senate Appropriations Committee had already required "a retrospective review and technical analysis of the data that has been produced by the program since its inception 20 years ago." DIA told the CIA in a memorandum of May 10 (logged as received on May 16 in the CIA's chronology) that "any decision on declassification actions regarding Project STAR GATE should be made by the CIA" and that it had "no objection to a declassification of the 'fact of' a DIA program to employ paranormal phenomena for intelligence purposes"; DIA's log of the files, sent after a telephone call of October 10, counted 38 boxes transferred in July, where the CIA's papers counted 43 ([[1995 transfer of Star Gate to the CIA]]). The CIA contracted the [[American Institutes for Research]] in June ([[1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate]]), whose report of September 29 it quoted in its management paper: "the information provided by remote viewing is vague and ambiguous, making it difficult if not impossible for the technique to yield information of sufficient quality and accuracy for actionable intelligence," and "it remains unclear whether the existence of a paranormal phenomenon, remote viewing, has been demonstrated." The paper recommended terminating both operations and research, adding that "this does not mean that research in parapsychology is not important or that it should not continue in the public domain," a declassification review of "at least five different programs including Star Gate, Grill Flame, Center Lane, Sun Streak, and SCANATE," some "43 document boxes," and, on the advice of the Directorate of Intelligence and the [[National Intelligence Council]], "no resources to the assessment of foreign developments in parapsychology": "we view developments in parapsychology as a relatively low threat to the United States," and "in none of this Russian research do we see credible evidence of developments that could significantly add to the threat that Russia currently poses."[^15][^17]
+"In early 1995, Senate conferees directed the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to transfer the 'Star Gate' program from the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to CIA. Specifically, the conferees directed the transfer of ten civilian billets and $500,000 in Star Gate program resources by July 1, 1995," together with "a technical review of Star Gate going back twenty years, a declassification review, and establishment of a cooperative activity with the Russians in parapsychology." The Senate Appropriations Committee had already required "a retrospective review and technical analysis of the data that has been produced by the program since its inception 20 years ago." DIA told the CIA in a memorandum of May 10 (logged as received on May 16 in the CIA's chronology) that "any decision on declassification actions regarding Project STAR GATE should be made by the CIA" and that it had "no objection to a declassification of the 'fact of' a DIA program to employ paranormal phenomena for intelligence purposes"; DIA's log of the files, sent after a telephone call of October 10, counted 38 boxes transferred in July, where the CIA's papers counted 43 ([[1995 transfer of Star Gate to the CIA]]). The CIA contracted the [[American Institutes for Research]] in June ([[1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate]]), whose report of September 29 it quoted in its management paper: "the information provided by remote viewing is vague and ambiguous, making it difficult if not impossible for the technique to yield information of sufficient quality and accuracy for actionable intelligence," and "it remains unclear whether the existence of a paranormal phenomenon, remote viewing, has been demonstrated." The paper recommended terminating both operations and research, adding that "this does not mean that research in parapsychology is not important or that it should not continue in the public domain," a declassification review of "at least five different programs including Star Gate, Grill Flame, Center Lane, Sun Streak, and SCANATE," some "43 document boxes," and, on the advice of the Directorate of Intelligence and the [[National Intelligence Council]], "no resources to the assessment of foreign developments in parapsychology": "we view developments in parapsychology as a relatively low threat to the United States," and "in none of this Russian research do we see credible evidence of developments that could significantly add to the threat that Russia currently poses."[^20][^22]

 ### Other Accounts

-Other operational sessions are known from the accounts of participants: Joe McMoneagle's 1979 description of a large submarine under construction at Severodvinsk, later identified as the Typhoon class; his and Mel Riley's "hourglass on its side" for a Chinese device at Lop Nor; Riley's "batlike flying-wing" in an operations security test on the B-2; Ken Bell's location of a crashed Navy aircraft on Bald Knob in [[Virginia]]; McMoneagle on Skylab's reentry; and the tracking of a Soviet T-72 tank. The same accounts give the original unit as McMoneagle, Riley, Bell, [[Nancy Stern]], [[Fernand Gauvin]], and [[Hartleigh Trent]], recruited by Captain [[Frederick Atwater]] of the Systems Exploitation Detachment, and a 1984 [[Jack Anderson]] column as the first public disclosure. Targ and Puthoff had published the SRI work in *Nature* in 1974 and in the *Proceedings of the IEEE* in 1976.[^18][^19]
+Other operational sessions are known from the accounts of participants: Joe McMoneagle's 1979 description of a large submarine under construction at Severodvinsk, later identified as the Typhoon class; his and Mel Riley's "hourglass on its side" for a Chinese device at Lop Nor; Riley's "batlike flying-wing" in an operations security test on the B-2; Ken Bell's location of a crashed Navy aircraft on Bald Knob in [[Virginia]]; McMoneagle on Skylab's reentry; and the tracking of a Soviet T-72 tank. The same accounts give the original unit as McMoneagle, Riley, Bell, [[Nancy Stern]], [[Fernand Gauvin]], and [[Hartleigh Trent]], recruited by Captain [[Frederick Atwater]] of the Systems Exploitation Detachment, and a 1984 [[Jack Anderson]] column as the first public disclosure. Targ and Puthoff had published the SRI work in *Nature* in 1974 and in the *Proceedings of the IEEE* in 1976.[^23][^24]

 ### Key Personnel

@ -150,17 +150,17 @@ Government officials and liaisons:
 [^8]: "Iran Hostage Situation Grill Flame RV Session CC12, Viewer 27.5," c. 1980, CIA-RDP96-00788R000800070001-7, one of about 250 session reports in the collection. Buzby, Brian, Lieutenant Colonel, "Purpose: To Provide an Overview of Center Lane," May 4, 1984, with the summary of information on the Buckley case and the CIA memorandum "Comments on Recent CENTER LANE Experience," May 1, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220003-8; "Request for Administrative Review of INSCOM Grill Flame Protocol," c. 1981-83, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100200005-4.
 [^9]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Special Intelligence Support Relating to the Kidnapping of BG Dozier," information memorandum for the Secretary of Defense, December 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R000700130001-1; "1983 Briefing Papers - Use of Center Lane, Relocation of BG Dozier in Italy," CIA-RDP96-00788R001700370002-3. "Conversation with BG Dozier," February 22, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R000700130019-2, and "Debriefing, B.G. Dozier, Tape 1102, Grill Flame," February 9, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R000100250014-0.
 [^10]: Defense Intelligence Agency, Directorate for Scientific and Technical Intelligence, "Grill Flame Project Report," October 19, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001000410001-6; "Grill Flame - Activity," memoranda of November 21 to December 4, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001800070002-5.
-[^11]: Buzby, Brian, Lieutenant Colonel, "Purpose: To Provide an Overview of Center Lane," May 4, 1984, with the summary of information on the Buckley case and the CIA memorandum "Comments on Recent CENTER LANE Experience," May 1, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220003-8; "Request for Administrative Review of INSCOM Grill Flame Protocol," c. 1981-83, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100200005-4.
-[^12]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8; the scan's table columns are reflowed by OCR and some dates are uncertain. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5; Vorona, J., "Comments on 'Report By: The GRILLFLAME Scientific Evaluation Committee,'" memorandum of the Grill Flame Working Group, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300060001-2. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Buzby, Brian, memorandum "Briefing to Senator Wallop, 5 October 1983," October 14, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270015-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^13]: "Science Panel Report: SRI Studies in Remote Viewing: A Program Review," March 1, 1984, signed by W. Ross Adey, Donald M. Kerr, and F. Zachariasen, reproduced as appendix B of Defense Intelligence Agency, "Star Gate Project: An Overview," DTI-S-1056-SL, April 30, 1993, CIA-RDP96-00789R002800180001-2.
-[^14]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "FY 1995 Congressional Budget - Star Gate," March 15, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000300010003-2. Defense Intelligence Agency, "Star Gate Project: An Overview," April 30, 1993, CIA-RDP96-00789R002800180001-2.
-[^15]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Star Gate Project: An Overview," April 30, 1993, CIA-RDP96-00789R002800180001-2. Defense Intelligence Agency, "FY 1995 Congressional Budget - Star Gate," March 15, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000300010003-2.
-[^16]: "Summary Report. Star Gate Operational Tasking and Evaluation (An Extract)," 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200300002-2. The same report is printed as appendix D of the [[1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate|AIR evaluation]], CIA-RDP96-00791R000200180006-4.
-[^17]: Central Intelligence Agency, "Proposed Star Gate Management Strategy," c. October 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100150002-0; Defense Intelligence Agency, "Declassification and Cooperation in Response to Congressionally Directed STAR GATE Program Review," May 10, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100010001-6, and "Transfer of Project STAR GATE Files," October 10, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200290001-5. All CIA documents cited are in the STARGATE collection of the CIA FOIA Reading Room and were read in the archive.org mirror of that collection (archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-<id>).
-[^18]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997; Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown, 2017; McMoneagle, Joseph. *The Stargate Chronicles.* Hampton Roads, 2002. Participant and journalistic accounts, not verified against the documents.
-[^19]: Targ, Russell, and Harold Puthoff. "Information Transfer under Conditions of Sensory Shielding," *Nature,* vol. 251, October 18, 1974, pp. 602-607; Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances," *Proceedings of the IEEE,* vol. 64, no. 3, March 1976, pp. 329-354.
-[^900]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Senate Appropriations Committee Congressionally Directed Action, Star Gate," retrospective review, technical analysis and declassification status, with transmittal memorandum signed Letitia A. Long, Director, DMI Staff, faxed March 15, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000300010002-3, -003-2 and -004-1, and CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040003-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^901]: Davis, Ruth M., Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (Research and Advanced Technology), memorandum for Dr. Jack Vorona, "'Remote Viewing' Project," November 20, 1978, with the letter of Charlie Rose, Chairman, Subcommittee on Evaluation, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, to Davis, October 25, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00787R000500240017-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 27 November 1979," S-1168/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1, and "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 10 January 1980," S-1008/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1, both signed Jack Vorona, chairman. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^902]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the Meeting of the DoD Committee on Remote Viewing Activities," August 24, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140009-7; Vorona to the Army assistant chief of staff for intelligence, S-1862/DT-1, September 6, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410015-9; Commander, Naval Intelligence Command, to DIA, September 14, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410025-8; DIA to the 902d Military Intelligence Group, September 22, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140015-0; James L. Brown, Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, USAF, to Vorona, September 29, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410026-7; Army ACSI (DAMI-ISH) to Vorona, October 4, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410024-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Request for Funding, FY 79, Re: Parapsychology - Feasibility for a Hard Copy Remote Viewing Machine," draft, principal investigator E. H. Walker, July 7, 1978, DAMI-ISH, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100080003-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^903]: Grill Flame security agreements, volunteer consent statements, participant counseling statements, "Information About Remote Viewing for Participants" forms, and DIA Sun Streak access forms, 1977 to 1988, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100150005-8 to R002100150079-7; names as printed in the item titles, the signature lines being largely illegible in OCR. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^904]: Defense Intelligence Agency, S-1004/DT-1, "Minutes of the Meeting, DoD Grill Flame Committee," November 28, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140013-2; Watt, Murray B., "Summary of Working Group Meeting, DoD Committee on Special Sensors (C), 28 Nov 78," November 29, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200240006-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^11]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the Meeting of the DoD Committee on Remote Viewing Activities," August 24, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140009-7; Vorona to the Army assistant chief of staff for intelligence, S-1862/DT-1, September 6, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410015-9; Commander, Naval Intelligence Command, to DIA, September 14, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410025-8; DIA to the 902d Military Intelligence Group, September 22, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140015-0; James L. Brown, Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, USAF, to Vorona, September 29, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410026-7; Army ACSI (DAMI-ISH) to Vorona, October 4, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200410024-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. "Request for Funding, FY 79, Re: Parapsychology - Feasibility for a Hard Copy Remote Viewing Machine," draft, principal investigator E. H. Walker, July 7, 1978, DAMI-ISH, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100080003-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^12]: Davis, Ruth M., Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (Research and Advanced Technology), memorandum for Dr. Jack Vorona, "'Remote Viewing' Project," November 20, 1978, with the letter of Charlie Rose, Chairman, Subcommittee on Evaluation, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, to Davis, October 25, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00787R000500240017-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Defense Intelligence Agency, "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 27 November 1979," S-1168/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000130015-1, and "Minutes of the DoD Grill Flame Committee Meeting, 10 January 1980," S-1008/DT-1, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000100009-1, both signed Jack Vorona, chairman. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^13]: Defense Intelligence Agency, S-1004/DT-1, "Minutes of the Meeting, DoD Grill Flame Committee," November 28, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000140013-2; Watt, Murray B., "Summary of Working Group Meeting, DoD Committee on Special Sensors (C), 28 Nov 78," November 29, 1978, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200240006-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^14]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Senate Appropriations Committee Congressionally Directed Action, Star Gate," retrospective review, technical analysis and declassification status, with transmittal memorandum signed Letitia A. Long, Director, DMI Staff, faxed March 15, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000300010002-3, -003-2 and -004-1, and CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040003-1. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^15]: Grill Flame security agreements, volunteer consent statements, participant counseling statements, "Information About Remote Viewing for Participants" forms, and DIA Sun Streak access forms, 1977 to 1988, CIA-RDP96-00789R002100150005-8 to R002100150079-7; names as printed in the item titles, the signature lines being largely illegible in OCR. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^16]: Buzby, Brian, Lieutenant Colonel, "Purpose: To Provide an Overview of Center Lane," May 4, 1984, with the summary of information on the Buckley case and the CIA memorandum "Comments on Recent CENTER LANE Experience," May 1, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700220003-8; "Request for Administrative Review of INSCOM Grill Flame Protocol," c. 1981-83, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100200005-4.
+[^17]: US Army Intelligence and Security Command, "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8; the scan's table columns are reflowed by OCR and some dates are uncertain. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. *Report by the Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee,* December 1979, Manfred Gale, chairman, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300120001-5; Vorona, J., "Comments on 'Report By: The GRILLFLAME Scientific Evaluation Committee,'" memorandum of the Grill Flame Working Group, CIA-RDP96-00788R001300060001-2. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Buzby, Brian, memorandum "Briefing to Senator Wallop, 5 October 1983," October 14, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700270015-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^18]: "Science Panel Report: SRI Studies in Remote Viewing: A Program Review," March 1, 1984, signed by W. Ross Adey, Donald M. Kerr, and F. Zachariasen, reproduced as appendix B of Defense Intelligence Agency, "Star Gate Project: An Overview," DTI-S-1056-SL, April 30, 1993, CIA-RDP96-00789R002800180001-2.
+[^19]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "FY 1995 Congressional Budget - Star Gate," March 15, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000300010003-2. Defense Intelligence Agency, "Star Gate Project: An Overview," April 30, 1993, CIA-RDP96-00789R002800180001-2.
+[^20]: Defense Intelligence Agency, "Star Gate Project: An Overview," April 30, 1993, CIA-RDP96-00789R002800180001-2. Defense Intelligence Agency, "FY 1995 Congressional Budget - Star Gate," March 15, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000300010003-2.
+[^21]: "Summary Report. Star Gate Operational Tasking and Evaluation (An Extract)," 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200300002-2. The same report is printed as appendix D of the [[1995 AIR evaluation of Star Gate|AIR evaluation]], CIA-RDP96-00791R000200180006-4.
+[^22]: Central Intelligence Agency, "Proposed Star Gate Management Strategy," c. October 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100150002-0; Defense Intelligence Agency, "Declassification and Cooperation in Response to Congressionally Directed STAR GATE Program Review," May 10, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100010001-6, and "Transfer of Project STAR GATE Files," October 10, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200290001-5. All CIA documents cited are in the STARGATE collection of the CIA FOIA Reading Room and were read in the archive.org mirror of that collection (archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-<id>).
+[^23]: Schnabel, Jim. *Remote Viewers: The Secret History of America's Psychic Spies.* Dell, 1997; Jacobsen, Annie. *Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis.* Little, Brown, 2017; McMoneagle, Joseph. *The Stargate Chronicles.* Hampton Roads, 2002. Participant and journalistic accounts, not verified against the documents.
+[^24]: Targ, Russell, and Harold Puthoff. "Information Transfer under Conditions of Sensory Shielding," *Nature,* vol. 251, October 18, 1974, pp. 602-607; Puthoff, Harold E., and Russell Targ. "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances," *Proceedings of the IEEE,* vol. 64, no. 3, March 1976, pp. 329-354.
--- a/EVENTS/DATAVIEW
+++ b/EVENTS/DATAVIEW
@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Events Index
-
-This Map of Content (MOC) auto-generates index tables for all events in The Info Web using Dataview queries. Pages are automatically included based on their `category` frontmatter field.
-
-To recategorize an event, edit its page's frontmatter `category` field.
-
---
-
-## Intelligence Scandals
-Covert operations, espionage incidents, and political cover-ups.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "40 - EVENTS"
-WHERE category = "Intelligence Scandal"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Contra War
-Events connected to the Nicaraguan Contra war, drug trafficking networks, and the Dark Alliance investigation.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "40 - EVENTS"
-WHERE category = "Contra War"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Major Conflicts
-Wars, military operations, and armed conflicts.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "40 - EVENTS"
-WHERE category = "Major Conflict"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Terrorism
-Terrorist attacks, hijackings, and mass casualty events.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "40 - EVENTS"
-WHERE category = "Terrorism"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Crime Investigations
-Serial murders, child trafficking investigations, and criminal cases with government connections.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "40 - EVENTS"
-WHERE category = "Crime Investigation"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Diplomacy
-International summits, conferences, and diplomatic events.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "40 - EVENTS"
-WHERE category = "Diplomacy"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Historical Phenomena
-Unexplained events, paranormal incidents, and historical anomalies.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "40 - EVENTS"
-WHERE category = "Historical Phenomenon"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Modern Incidents
-Recent UAP encounters, domestic incidents, and contemporary events.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "40 - EVENTS"
-WHERE category = "Modern Incident"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
---
-
-## Stats
-
-```dataview
-TABLE length(rows) AS Count
-FROM "40 - EVENTS"
-WHERE category
-GROUP BY category
-SORT length(rows) DESC
-```
--- a/EVENTS/INTELLIGENCE_SCANDALS/1995
+++ b/EVENTS/INTELLIGENCE_SCANDALS/1995
@ -23,46 +23,46 @@ updated: 2026-09-22

 In 1995, following a directive from Congress, the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] took custody of the [[Defense Intelligence Agency|DIA]]'s [[Stargate Project|Star Gate]] program, "which involved the use of paranormal phenomena, primarily 'remote viewing,' for intelligence collection," declassified its own parapsychology work of the 1970s "in order to facilitate a new, external review," and in June contracted the [[American Institutes for Research]] through its Office of Research and Development to evaluate it. The program had three parts: "'Operations,' using remote viewing to collect intelligence against foreign targets; 'Research and Development,' using laboratory studies to find new ways to improve remote viewing for use in the intelligence world; and 'Foreign Assessment,' the analysis of foreign activities to develop or exploit the paranormal." The foreign assessment part was excluded from the review. Operations "continued until the Spring of 1995, when the program was suspended."[^1]

-The review was first offered to the [[National Research Council]]. The CIA's chronology of the transfer ([[1995 transfer of Star Gate to the CIA]]) records that on March 15, 1995, "after informal discussions with NRC, panel member selection begins: Jessica Utts, [[John Palmer]], [[James Alcock]], and Ray Hyman contacted by NRC and agree to act as commissioned reviewers," and that on May 10 "NRC formally rejects CIA study proposal citing prior definitive study. NRC stated unequivocally that 'the case for remote viewing... is virtually nonexistent.'" The CIA met AIR's president the same day; the contract was signed on June 12, and ORD's independent contractor later described AIR as the "replacement organization for the NRC." The Office of Research and Development had told the Executive Director in advance that "we do NOT intend to ask our blue ribbon panel to tell us if there is or is not anything to the concept, rather we intend to ask them to review the STARGATE program to assess its overall value to the USG based on intelligence value, process validity, customer satisfaction, and foreign assessment activity as directed by Congress," and that "it is possible that our panel will recommend that we do NOT proceed with the program." The CIA's briefing slides on the review state that the "DIA program manager asked to identify most favorable users of remote viewing," that "AIR conducted standard interviews of these users on location with CIA present," and that the "commissioned reviews exchanged, rebuttals permitted, AIR arbitrated final conclusions for CIA key recommendations."[^900][^901]
+The review was first offered to the [[National Research Council]]. The CIA's chronology of the transfer ([[1995 transfer of Star Gate to the CIA]]) records that on March 15, 1995, "after informal discussions with NRC, panel member selection begins: Jessica Utts, [[John Palmer]], [[James Alcock]], and Ray Hyman contacted by NRC and agree to act as commissioned reviewers," and that on May 10 "NRC formally rejects CIA study proposal citing prior definitive study. NRC stated unequivocally that 'the case for remote viewing... is virtually nonexistent.'" The CIA met AIR's president the same day; the contract was signed on June 12, and ORD's independent contractor later described AIR as the "replacement organization for the NRC." The Office of Research and Development had told the Executive Director in advance that "we do NOT intend to ask our blue ribbon panel to tell us if there is or is not anything to the concept, rather we intend to ask them to review the STARGATE program to assess its overall value to the USG based on intelligence value, process validity, customer satisfaction, and foreign assessment activity as directed by Congress," and that "it is possible that our panel will recommend that we do NOT proceed with the program." The CIA's briefing slides on the review state that the "DIA program manager asked to identify most favorable users of remote viewing," that "AIR conducted standard interviews of these users on location with CIA present," and that the "commissioned reviews exchanged, rebuttals permitted, AIR arbitrated final conclusions for CIA key recommendations."[^2][^3]

-The curricula vitae of AIR's two authors are in the CIA's files: [[Michael Mumford]], who had joined AIR in 1994 and was "directing three projects concerned with the assessment and development of leadership potential for the [[United States Army]]" and skills projects "sponsored by the Department of Labor and the National Security Agency," and [[Andrew Rose]], at AIR since 1973 and by then chief scientist of its Washington office. On September 22, 1995, a week before the report's date, Mumford sent two copies of "the draft Remote Viewing report" to a redacted addressee at the Ames Building in Rosslyn: "The conclusions are solid. However, we do need to have Ray and Jessica check the material."[^902]
+The curricula vitae of AIR's two authors are in the CIA's files: [[Michael Mumford]], who had joined AIR in 1994 and was "directing three projects concerned with the assessment and development of leadership potential for the [[United States Army]]" and skills projects "sponsored by the Department of Labor and the National Security Agency," and [[Andrew Rose]], at AIR since 1973 and by then chief scientist of its Washington office. On September 22, 1995, a week before the report's date, Mumford sent two copies of "the draft Remote Viewing report" to a redacted addressee at the Ames Building in Rosslyn: "The conclusions are solid. However, we do need to have Ray and Jessica check the material."[^4]

 ### The Panel

-The research review was given to two outside reviewers, [[Jessica Utts]], professor of statistics at the [[University of California, Davis]] and statistical editor of the *Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research*, and [[Ray Hyman]], professor of psychology at the [[University of Oregon]], who had served on the National Research Council committee on human performance; [[Lincoln Moses]] of [[Stanford University]] advised on statistics and [[David Goslin]], president of AIR, coordinated. The CIA transferred "all reports and documents relevant to the review," about 80 publications; one document "remained classified during the period of this review," and Michael Mumford of AIR read it and gave the panel an unclassified synopsis. The principal investigator of the research contract, [[Edwin May]], was asked to list the studies "which he believes provide the strongest evidence" and every unique study since the 1988 National Research Council report. Hyman wrote afterward: "May helped identify the ten best studies for Utts and me to evaluate." The operational review was done by AIR's own psychologists, who interviewed seven representatives of customer organizations, three remote viewers, and the program manager in July and August 1995.[^1][^2]
+The research review was given to two outside reviewers, [[Jessica Utts]], professor of statistics at the [[University of California, Davis]] and statistical editor of the *Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research*, and [[Ray Hyman]], professor of psychology at the [[University of Oregon]], who had served on the National Research Council committee on human performance; [[Lincoln Moses]] of [[Stanford University]] advised on statistics and [[David Goslin]], president of AIR, coordinated. The CIA transferred "all reports and documents relevant to the review," about 80 publications; one document "remained classified during the period of this review," and Michael Mumford of AIR read it and gave the panel an unclassified synopsis. The principal investigator of the research contract, [[Edwin May]], was asked to list the studies "which he believes provide the strongest evidence" and every unique study since the 1988 National Research Council report. Hyman wrote afterward: "May helped identify the ten best studies for Utts and me to evaluate." The operational review was done by AIR's own psychologists, who interviewed seven representatives of customer organizations, three remote viewers, and the program manager in July and August 1995.[^1][^5]

 ### The Research Reviews

-Utts's report of September 1 opened: "Using the standards applied to any other area of science, it is concluded that psychic functioning has been well established. The statistical results of the studies examined are far beyond what is expected by chance. Arguments that these results could be due to methodological flaws in the experiments are soundly refuted." She put the effect "in the range between what social scientists call a small and medium effect," cited the 1988 analysis of all 154 experiments at [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]] from 1973, "over 26,000 individual trials" and 227 subjects, with a p-value "less than 10^-20," and tabulated May's ten [[Science Applications International Corporation|SAIC]] experiments: among them "Entropy II," 90 trials, effect size 0.550, p = 9.1 × 10^-8, and "AC with binary coding," 40 trials, effect size −0.067. Novices at SRI showed an effect size of 0.164 against 0.17 for novices in the ganzfeld experiments at the [[Psychophysical Research Laboratories]]; experienced viewers 0.385 against 0.35. She recommended that "future experiments focus on understanding how this phenomenon works," since "there is little benefit to continuing experiments designed to offer proof."[^3]
+Utts's report of September 1 opened: "Using the standards applied to any other area of science, it is concluded that psychic functioning has been well established. The statistical results of the studies examined are far beyond what is expected by chance. Arguments that these results could be due to methodological flaws in the experiments are soundly refuted." She put the effect "in the range between what social scientists call a small and medium effect," cited the 1988 analysis of all 154 experiments at [[Stanford Research Institute|SRI]] from 1973, "over 26,000 individual trials" and 227 subjects, with a p-value "less than 10^-20," and tabulated May's ten [[Science Applications International Corporation|SAIC]] experiments: among them "Entropy II," 90 trials, effect size 0.550, p = 9.1 × 10^-8, and "AC with binary coding," 40 trials, effect size −0.067. Novices at SRI showed an effect size of 0.164 against 0.17 for novices in the ganzfeld experiments at the [[Psychophysical Research Laboratories]]; experienced viewers 0.385 against 0.35. She recommended that "future experiments focus on understanding how this phenomenon works," since "there is little benefit to continuing experiments designed to offer proof."[^6]

-Hyman's report of September 11 confined itself to the ten SAIC experiments, "the only ones for which we have adequate documentation." He and Utts "both agree that the SAIC experiments were free of the methodological weaknesses that plagued the early SRI research" and "that the effect sizes reported in the SAIC experiments are too large and consistent to be dismissed as statistical flukes," and disagreed on whether the effects established anomalous cognition, whether flaws had been eliminated, and whether the results matched other laboratories; he answered no to all three, noting that "ten experiments, especially from one laboratory," were "far too few." On operations he recorded May's own estimate that "approximately 20 percent of the information supplied by a viewer is accurate," so that "80% of all the information supplied by this talented viewer will be erroneous," and warned that "subjective validation is well known to generate compelling, but false, convictions." Utts replied that the whole of parapsychology's funding since 1882 was "at best equivalent to the expenditures devoted to fewer than two months of research in conventional psychology," and that the Physicians Health Study of aspirin, with 22,000 men, "had it been conducted on only 2,200 men with the same reduction in heart attacks, would not have achieved statistical significance." AIR's synthesis found that "the two reviewers agreed far more than they disagreed" and that "most if not all significant findings have been obtained by using the same remote viewers, the same judge, the same target set, and the same scoring procedures," the judge being "apparently the Principal Investigator."[^1][^4]
+Hyman's report of September 11 confined itself to the ten SAIC experiments, "the only ones for which we have adequate documentation." He and Utts "both agree that the SAIC experiments were free of the methodological weaknesses that plagued the early SRI research" and "that the effect sizes reported in the SAIC experiments are too large and consistent to be dismissed as statistical flukes," and disagreed on whether the effects established anomalous cognition, whether flaws had been eliminated, and whether the results matched other laboratories; he answered no to all three, noting that "ten experiments, especially from one laboratory," were "far too few." On operations he recorded May's own estimate that "approximately 20 percent of the information supplied by a viewer is accurate," so that "80% of all the information supplied by this talented viewer will be erroneous," and warned that "subjective validation is well known to generate compelling, but false, convictions." Utts replied that the whole of parapsychology's funding since 1882 was "at best equivalent to the expenditures devoted to fewer than two months of research in conventional psychology," and that the Physicians Health Study of aspirin, with 22,000 men, "had it been conducted on only 2,200 men with the same reduction in heart attacks, would not have achieved statistical significance." AIR's synthesis found that "the two reviewers agreed far more than they disagreed" and that "most if not all significant findings have been obtained by using the same remote viewers, the same judge, the same target set, and the same scoring procedures," the judge being "apparently the Principal Investigator."[^1][^7]

 ### The Operational Review

-The end users said the information was "stated in broad, vague terms," accurate "with regard to general stereotypical characteristics," inaccurate "with regard to concrete specifics," and inconsistent between viewers; "the viewings were never used as a primary source of evidence in making decisions." The viewers told AIR "that their written reports were occasionally inconsistent with their viewings. They themselves considered it appropriate to make the written reports consistent with known characteristics of the target," and "that previous managers also changed viewers' reports." Customer evaluations had been collected since 1994 for forty viewings: on a six-point accuracy scale the mean was 3.0, on a five-point value scale 3.5, and all three viewers scored within a tenth of a standard deviation of each other. Two organizations, "one concerned with tracking people and one concerned with combat intelligence," reported better results, where "the viewers had substantial general background information concerning the targets." A separate government review of the same forty tasks, printed as an appendix, found that "normally, much of the data provided by the RV(s) is either wrong or irrelevant although one cannot always tell which is which without further investigation," that scores were higher where targets were specific, "e.g., the North Korean targets," and that "as an admitted neophyte in this area of endeavor, I categorize the field as a kind of religion." That review, headed "Summary Report. Star Gate Operational Tasking and Evaluation" and released separately by the CIA as an extract, carries no author's name; the invoice of ORD's independent contractor for August 7, 1995, describes "my independent evaluation of the operational tasking records from the Star Gate program supplemented by the results of interviews with the staff of four of the operational organizations that tasked the Star Gate program." Its first sub-appendix is marked "Next 1 Page(s) In Document Exempt" in the CIA's own copy of the AIR report, released May 22, 2002, and "missing" in the copy posted by the [[National Security Archive]]. The second sub-appendix prints the interview sheets for four customer organizations, lettered A, B, C and E, dated July 7 to August 3, 1995.[^5]
+The end users said the information was "stated in broad, vague terms," accurate "with regard to general stereotypical characteristics," inaccurate "with regard to concrete specifics," and inconsistent between viewers; "the viewings were never used as a primary source of evidence in making decisions." The viewers told AIR "that their written reports were occasionally inconsistent with their viewings. They themselves considered it appropriate to make the written reports consistent with known characteristics of the target," and "that previous managers also changed viewers' reports." Customer evaluations had been collected since 1994 for forty viewings: on a six-point accuracy scale the mean was 3.0, on a five-point value scale 3.5, and all three viewers scored within a tenth of a standard deviation of each other. Two organizations, "one concerned with tracking people and one concerned with combat intelligence," reported better results, where "the viewers had substantial general background information concerning the targets." A separate government review of the same forty tasks, printed as an appendix, found that "normally, much of the data provided by the RV(s) is either wrong or irrelevant although one cannot always tell which is which without further investigation," that scores were higher where targets were specific, "e.g., the North Korean targets," and that "as an admitted neophyte in this area of endeavor, I categorize the field as a kind of religion." That review, headed "Summary Report. Star Gate Operational Tasking and Evaluation" and released separately by the CIA as an extract, carries no author's name; the invoice of ORD's independent contractor for August 7, 1995, describes "my independent evaluation of the operational tasking records from the Star Gate program supplemented by the results of interviews with the staff of four of the operational organizations that tasked the Star Gate program." Its first sub-appendix is marked "Next 1 Page(s) In Document Exempt" in the CIA's own copy of the AIR report, released May 22, 2002, and "missing" in the copy posted by the [[National Security Archive]]. The second sub-appendix prints the interview sheets for four customer organizations, lettered A, B, C and E, dated July 7 to August 3, 1995.[^8]

 ### Conclusions

-The report found "a statistically significant 'anomaly'" in the laboratory, no "convincing demonstration that a paranormal ability is involved," no identification of "the nature and source of the effect," and "no evidence that the phenomenon would prove useful in intelligence gathering." Its history of the program stated that "CIA's program began in 1972, but was discontinued in 1977," and that "DIA's direct involvement began about 1985." It observed of "some well-publicized cases of dramatic hits" that "there is reason to suspect that substantially more background information was available than one might at first assume." The last line of the body read: "Continued support for the operational component of the current program is not justified." Hyman wrote in 1996 that "because of some controversies within the program, a Senate committee decided to transfer the program from the DIA back to the CIA," that the operations program "involved six, and later three, psychics on the government payroll who were available to any government agency that wanted to use their services," and that the panel "all agreed that any scientifically meaningful evaluation of these operational psychic intelligence uses was impossible." [[Hal Puthoff]] quoted the report's count of "more than 200 tasks from operational military organizations" between 1986 and the first quarter of fiscal 1995, and cited a CIA public affairs statement on remote viewing of September 6, 1995. May's commentary of 1996 gave the report's public release as November 28, 1995.[^6]
+The report found "a statistically significant 'anomaly'" in the laboratory, no "convincing demonstration that a paranormal ability is involved," no identification of "the nature and source of the effect," and "no evidence that the phenomenon would prove useful in intelligence gathering." Its history of the program stated that "CIA's program began in 1972, but was discontinued in 1977," and that "DIA's direct involvement began about 1985." It observed of "some well-publicized cases of dramatic hits" that "there is reason to suspect that substantially more background information was available than one might at first assume." The last line of the body read: "Continued support for the operational component of the current program is not justified." Hyman wrote in 1996 that "because of some controversies within the program, a Senate committee decided to transfer the program from the DIA back to the CIA," that the operations program "involved six, and later three, psychics on the government payroll who were available to any government agency that wanted to use their services," and that the panel "all agreed that any scientifically meaningful evaluation of these operational psychic intelligence uses was impossible." [[Hal Puthoff]] quoted the report's count of "more than 200 tasks from operational military organizations" between 1986 and the first quarter of fiscal 1995, and cited a CIA public affairs statement on remote viewing of September 6, 1995. May's commentary of 1996 gave the report's public release as November 28, 1995.[^9]

 ### Release

-The agency's public affairs office had said on September 6, 1995: "As mandated by Congress, CIA is reviewing available information and past research programs concerning parapsychological phenomena, mainly 'Remote Viewing' to determine whether they might have any utility for intelligence collection. CIA sponsored research on this subject in the 1970s. At that time, the program, always considered speculative and controversial, was determined to be unpromising." The report was released on November 28, 1995, the day ABC's *Nightline* broadcast "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?" [[Ted Koppel]] opened: "For 20 years, U.S. intelligence agencies have been experimenting with ESP." ABC said it "has obtained a copy of that report which is critical of psychic spying," and that psychic spying "has been used in about 500 cases. Of those, fewer than a dozen were claimed to be right on target." May described the Semipalatinsk crane and "underground spheres"; [[Joe McMoneagle]] said of the Iran hostages, "there were 2 or 3 others that were held away from the Embassy, and no one seemed to know exactly where that was. But we were instrumental in helping identify that location"; [[Dale Graff]] said of Dozier, "we had one viewer come up with the name of the city, Padua. We had another one come up with the name of the building he was in"; the customs official William Green described the Jordan search, "next to an Indian gravesite," and Graff added, "we like to count it as a success." Hyman: "If someone pushed me hard right now, I'd have to say the odds are 99 to 1 that there's nothing to remote viewing." Utts: "There's some mystery out there that we need to solve." In the studio [[Robert Gates]] said that after the mid-1970s "CIA really during that period had a very limited role and essentially was just watching what was going on elsewhere," formalized by [[John McMahon]] in the mid-1980s; "I don't know of a single instance where it is documented that this kind of activity contributed in any significant way to a policy decision"; "we got into it, I think, mainly because we heard the Soviets were involved and also because the Congress, individual members of the Congress and some staff pushed us into it"; and "this is a tool best developed in the academic community or in the public arena, not by the intelligence community." A former CIA technical adviser identified only as "Norm," who had monitored the programs under McMahon until 1984, said "there's never been a case to my knowledge that produced any significant intelligence product," and explained the "8-martini" sessions: "The photograph you gave me, you developed that film in a house a mile down the road in the basement. That's grounds for an 8-martini evening, because the guy that took the picture had forgotten that fact. So, the knowledge was in the room, but not in any conscious way."[^7]
+The agency's public affairs office had said on September 6, 1995: "As mandated by Congress, CIA is reviewing available information and past research programs concerning parapsychological phenomena, mainly 'Remote Viewing' to determine whether they might have any utility for intelligence collection. CIA sponsored research on this subject in the 1970s. At that time, the program, always considered speculative and controversial, was determined to be unpromising." The report was released on November 28, 1995, the day ABC's *Nightline* broadcast "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?" [[Ted Koppel]] opened: "For 20 years, U.S. intelligence agencies have been experimenting with ESP." ABC said it "has obtained a copy of that report which is critical of psychic spying," and that psychic spying "has been used in about 500 cases. Of those, fewer than a dozen were claimed to be right on target." May described the Semipalatinsk crane and "underground spheres"; [[Joe McMoneagle]] said of the Iran hostages, "there were 2 or 3 others that were held away from the Embassy, and no one seemed to know exactly where that was. But we were instrumental in helping identify that location"; [[Dale Graff]] said of Dozier, "we had one viewer come up with the name of the city, Padua. We had another one come up with the name of the building he was in"; the customs official William Green described the Jordan search, "next to an Indian gravesite," and Graff added, "we like to count it as a success." Hyman: "If someone pushed me hard right now, I'd have to say the odds are 99 to 1 that there's nothing to remote viewing." Utts: "There's some mystery out there that we need to solve." In the studio [[Robert Gates]] said that after the mid-1970s "CIA really during that period had a very limited role and essentially was just watching what was going on elsewhere," formalized by [[John McMahon]] in the mid-1980s; "I don't know of a single instance where it is documented that this kind of activity contributed in any significant way to a policy decision"; "we got into it, I think, mainly because we heard the Soviets were involved and also because the Congress, individual members of the Congress and some staff pushed us into it"; and "this is a tool best developed in the academic community or in the public arena, not by the intelligence community." A former CIA technical adviser identified only as "Norm," who had monitored the programs under McMahon until 1984, said "there's never been a case to my knowledge that produced any significant intelligence product," and explained the "8-martini" sessions: "The photograph you gave me, you developed that film in a house a mile down the road in the basement. That's grounds for an 8-martini evening, because the guy that took the picture had forgotten that fact. So, the knowledge was in the room, but not in any conscious way."[^10]

 ### May's Reply

-May's commentary of March 1996 charged that the CIA "set the outcome with regard to intelligence usage before the evaluation had begun," that only one of seventeen members of the program's own oversight bodies was contacted, and that David Goslin of AIR had also administered the NRC's 1988 report; Utts wrote to him on December 19, 1995, that "I was explicitly asked by AIR staff NOT to mention the NRC report in my review!" and that "we were shown very little of the 'operational' remote-viewing work," and that after she asked to contact operational participants she "was contacted by the AIR staff and told that I was NOT to contact any of those individuals." May's conclusion: the evaluators "wanted to demonstrate that AC lacked usefulness for intelligence operations. They did so by construction rather than by careful analysis."[^8] The independent contractor's invoice to ORD of September 19, 1995, states that he had "attended all specified meetings of the AIR (replacement organization for the NRC), their appointed panel members, and ORD," "participated in the review and editing of all unclassified reports prepared by the AIR, its panel members and ORD," and "assisted in the preparation (writing), review and editing of the interim and final versions of the report from the AIR and its panel."[^901]
+May's commentary of March 1996 charged that the CIA "set the outcome with regard to intelligence usage before the evaluation had begun," that only one of seventeen members of the program's own oversight bodies was contacted, and that David Goslin of AIR had also administered the NRC's 1988 report; Utts wrote to him on December 19, 1995, that "I was explicitly asked by AIR staff NOT to mention the NRC report in my review!" and that "we were shown very little of the 'operational' remote-viewing work," and that after she asked to contact operational participants she "was contacted by the AIR staff and told that I was NOT to contact any of those individuals." May's conclusion: the evaluators "wanted to demonstrate that AC lacked usefulness for intelligence operations. They did so by construction rather than by careful analysis."[^11] The independent contractor's invoice to ORD of September 19, 1995, states that he had "attended all specified meetings of the AIR (replacement organization for the NRC), their appointed panel members, and ORD," "participated in the review and editing of all unclassified reports prepared by the AIR, its panel members and ORD," and "assisted in the preparation (writing), review and editing of the interim and final versions of the report from the AIR and its panel."[^3]

 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: Mumford, Michael D., Andrew M. Rose, and David A. Goslin. *An Evaluation of Remote Viewing: Research and Applications.* American Institutes for Research, September 29, 1995, pp. E-1 to E-5, 1-4 to 1-5, 2-1 to 2-8 and note 2, 3-80 to 3-84. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB438/docs/doc_57.pdf
-[^2]: Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of the Military's Twenty-Year Program on Psychic Spying," *Skeptical Inquirer,* March-April 1996, pp. 21-23.
-[^3]: Utts, Jessica. "An Assessment of the Evidence for Psychic Functioning," September 1, 1995, reproduced in the AIR report, pp. 3-2 to 3-40, and published in *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 3-30. Pages 3-2, 3-3, 3-9, 3-14 to 3-19 of the report.
-[^4]: Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of Program on Anomalous Mental Phenomena," September 11, 1995, reproduced in the AIR report, pp. 3-41 to 3-75, and published in *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 31-58. Pages 3-41 to 3-44, 3-67, 3-72 to 3-79 of the report, including Utts's "Response to Ray Hyman's Report of September 11, 1995."
-[^5]: Mumford, Michael D., Andrew M. Rose, and David A. Goslin. *An Evaluation of Remote Viewing: Research and Applications.* American Institutes for Research, September 29, 1995, pp. 4-7 to 4-15 and appendix D, pp. D-1, D-12 to D-16, D-19 to D-23. The CIA's copy is CIA-RDP96-00791R000200180006-4, approved for release May 22, 2002, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room; its text matches the National Security Archive copy, and its appendix D opens with the same executive summary as "Summary Report. Star Gate Operational Tasking and Evaluation (An Extract)," CIA-RDP96-00791R000200300002-2.
-[^6]: Mumford, Michael D., Andrew M. Rose, and David A. Goslin. *An Evaluation of Remote Viewing: Research and Applications.* American Institutes for Research, September 29, 1995, pp. 1-4, 3-84, 5-1 to 5-5; Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of the Military's Twenty-Year Program on Psychic Spying," *Skeptical Inquirer,* March-April 1996, pp. 21-23.; Puthoff, H. E. "CIA-Initiated Remote Viewing Program at Stanford Research Institute," *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 63-76., note 10 and reference 1; May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, 1996, pp. 3-23, abstract only.
-[^7]: Central Intelligence Agency, Public Affairs, statement on remote viewing, September 6, 1995, as reproduced in Victorian, Armen, "Remote Viewing and the US Intelligence Community," *Lobster,* c. 1996. "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room.
-[^8]: May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 3-23. The letter of December 19, 1995, is printed at pp. 15-17 as Utts's reply to May's e-mail of December 17, checked against the page images.
-[^900]: "Star Gate Transfer Chronology: 1995," memorandum for the record, undated, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190017-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Director of Research and Development, CIA, memoranda for the Executive Director and the Comptroller, "Response to CDA on Stargate," undated, early 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040020-2 and CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040021-1; ORD-0150-95, "Status Report to Congress: Star Gate Program," February 27, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040006-8; draft memorandum for the Defense Intelligence Agency, "Declassification and Cooperation in Response to Congressionally Directed STAR GATE Program Review," February 21, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040019-4; "Transfer of Star Gate Program from DIA to CIA, Status and Terms of Reference," drafts, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040007-7 and -018-5; "Status of STARGATE Program," drafts faxed March 7 and May 10, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040012-1 and -004-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^901]: CIA briefing slides, "Star Gate," 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200080001-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Office of Research and Development, "Request to Amend Independent Contract," March 7, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200020008-7; independent contractor's invoices of May 30, 1995 (Task A), August 7, 1995 (Task B) and September 19, 1995 (Tasks C and D), CIA-RDP96-00791R000200020005-0, -016-8 and -001-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
-[^902]: "Curriculum Vitae - Michael D. Mumford," CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030046-5, and "Curriculum Vitae - Andrew M. Rose," CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030047-4, released 2003; Mumford, Michael D., to a redacted addressee at the Ames Building, Rosslyn, "Transmittal of Draft Remote Viewing Report," September 22, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200180003-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^2]: "Star Gate Transfer Chronology: 1995," memorandum for the record, undated, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190017-9. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Director of Research and Development, CIA, memoranda for the Executive Director and the Comptroller, "Response to CDA on Stargate," undated, early 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040020-2 and CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040021-1; ORD-0150-95, "Status Report to Congress: Star Gate Program," February 27, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040006-8; draft memorandum for the Defense Intelligence Agency, "Declassification and Cooperation in Response to Congressionally Directed STAR GATE Program Review," February 21, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040019-4; "Transfer of Star Gate Program from DIA to CIA, Status and Terms of Reference," drafts, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040007-7 and -018-5; "Status of STARGATE Program," drafts faxed March 7 and May 10, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000100040012-1 and -004-0. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^3]: CIA briefing slides, "Star Gate," 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200080001-8. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection. Office of Research and Development, "Request to Amend Independent Contract," March 7, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200020008-7; independent contractor's invoices of May 30, 1995 (Task A), August 7, 1995 (Task B) and September 19, 1995 (Tasks C and D), CIA-RDP96-00791R000200020005-0, -016-8 and -001-4. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^4]: "Curriculum Vitae - Michael D. Mumford," CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030046-5, and "Curriculum Vitae - Andrew M. Rose," CIA-RDP96-00791R000100030047-4, released 2003; Mumford, Michael D., to a redacted addressee at the Ames Building, Rosslyn, "Transmittal of Draft Remote Viewing Report," September 22, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200180003-5. Read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection.
+[^5]: Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of the Military's Twenty-Year Program on Psychic Spying," *Skeptical Inquirer,* March-April 1996, pp. 21-23.
+[^6]: Utts, Jessica. "An Assessment of the Evidence for Psychic Functioning," September 1, 1995, reproduced in the AIR report, pp. 3-2 to 3-40, and published in *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 3-30. Pages 3-2, 3-3, 3-9, 3-14 to 3-19 of the report.
+[^7]: Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of Program on Anomalous Mental Phenomena," September 11, 1995, reproduced in the AIR report, pp. 3-41 to 3-75, and published in *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 31-58. Pages 3-41 to 3-44, 3-67, 3-72 to 3-79 of the report, including Utts's "Response to Ray Hyman's Report of September 11, 1995."
+[^8]: Mumford, Michael D., Andrew M. Rose, and David A. Goslin. *An Evaluation of Remote Viewing: Research and Applications.* American Institutes for Research, September 29, 1995, pp. 4-7 to 4-15 and appendix D, pp. D-1, D-12 to D-16, D-19 to D-23. The CIA's copy is CIA-RDP96-00791R000200180006-4, approved for release May 22, 2002, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room; its text matches the National Security Archive copy, and its appendix D opens with the same executive summary as "Summary Report. Star Gate Operational Tasking and Evaluation (An Extract)," CIA-RDP96-00791R000200300002-2.
+[^9]: Mumford, Michael D., Andrew M. Rose, and David A. Goslin. *An Evaluation of Remote Viewing: Research and Applications.* American Institutes for Research, September 29, 1995, pp. 1-4, 3-84, 5-1 to 5-5; Hyman, Ray. "Evaluation of the Military's Twenty-Year Program on Psychic Spying," *Skeptical Inquirer,* March-April 1996, pp. 21-23.; Puthoff, H. E. "CIA-Initiated Remote Viewing Program at Stanford Research Institute," *Journal of Scientific Exploration,* vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 63-76., note 10 and reference 1; May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, 1996, pp. 3-23, abstract only.
+[^10]: Central Intelligence Agency, Public Affairs, statement on remote viewing, September 6, 1995, as reproduced in Victorian, Armen, "Remote Viewing and the US Intelligence Community," *Lobster,* c. 1996. "Psychic Spies: Cold War Whimsy or Secret Weapon?," ABC News *Nightline,* November 28, 1995, Radio TV Reports transcript for the CIA Public Affairs Staff, CIA-RDP99-01448R000402140001-7, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room.
+[^11]: May, Edwin C. "The American Institutes for Research Review of the Department of Defense's STAR GATE Program: A Commentary," *Journal of Parapsychology,* vol. 60, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 3-23. The letter of December 19, 1995, is printed at pp. 15-17 as Utts's reply to May's e-mail of December 17, checked against the page images.
--- a/EVENTS/KEY
+++ b/EVENTS/KEY
@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Events Index
-
-This Map of Content (MOC) auto-generates index tables for all events in The Info Web using Dataview queries. Pages are automatically included based on their `category` frontmatter field.
-
-To recategorize an event, edit its page's frontmatter `category` field.
-
---
-
-## Intelligence Scandals
-Covert operations, espionage incidents, and political cover-ups.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Golpe Borghese]] | Fascist coup attempt in Italy in 1970 orchestrated by Junio Valerio Borghese with links to Operation Gladio and intelligence services. |
-| [[Iran-Contra Affair]] | Political scandal involving the secret sale of arms to Iran to fund the Nicaraguan Contras in violation of the Boland Amendment, leading to indictments of multiple CIA and NSC officials. |
-| [[Lavon Affair]] | Covert 1954 Israeli operation in Egypt involving bombings of American, British, and Egyptian targets designed to damage Western-Egyptian relations. |
-| [[Lockheed bribe scandal]] | 1976 scandal involving bribes paid by Lockheed Aircraft Company to Israeli Defense Minister Shimon Peres and other international figures. |
-| [[Moscow Signal]] | Microwave beam directed at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow by the Soviet Union (1956-1976), suspected of being an electromagnetic weapon that spurred U.S. research into psychotronics. |
-| [[October Surprise]] | Allegation that Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign secretly negotiated with Iran to delay the release of American hostages until after the election. |
-| [[U-2 Incident]] | 1960 shooting down of an American U-2 spy plane over the Soviet Union, causing a major diplomatic crisis and collapse of the Paris Summit. |
-
-## Contra War
-Events connected to the Nicaraguan Contra war, drug trafficking networks, and the Dark Alliance investigation.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Bay of Pigs]] | The Bay of Pigs invasion was a failed 1961 CIA operation to overthrow Fidel Castro whose veterans became key operatives in Contra operations and drug trafficking networks during the 1980s. |
-| [[Dark Alliance]] | Dark Alliance was a three-part investigative series published by the San Jose Mercury News in August 1996, exposing links between CIA-backed Contra forces and the crack cocaine epidemic in Los Angeles. |
-| [[Frogman Case]] | Largest cocaine bust in West Coast history at the time (January 1983), which exposed direct links between Contra drug traffickers in San Francisco and the CIA, connections suppressed through direct CIA intervention. |
-
-## Major Conflicts
-Wars, military operations, and armed conflicts.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Arab-Israeli War (1948-1949)]] | Conflict following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine and declaration of the State of Israel, resulting in Israeli victory and the creation of the Palestinian refugee problem. |
-| [[Dienbienphu]] | Decisive 1954 battle in the First Indochina War where the Viet Minh defeated French colonial forces, ending French rule in Indochina. |
-| [[Iranian Revolution]] | 1979 popular uprising that overthrew Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, establishing an Islamic republic and fundamentally reshaping Middle Eastern geopolitics. |
-| [[Korean War]] | 1950-1953 conflict between North and South Korea that involved U.S. intelligence programs and connections to later covert operations in Southeast Asia. |
-| [[Osirak bombing]] | 1981 Israeli air strike on the Iraqi nuclear reactor at Osirak near Baghdad, carried out with U.S.-supplied F-16s and condemned internationally. |
-| [[Sabra and Shatila massacres]] | September 1982 massacre of Palestinian refugees in Beirut by Lebanese Christian Phalangists, facilitated by Israeli forces under Defense Minister Ariel Sharon. |
-| [[Six-Day War]] | 1967 conflict in which Israel launched a preemptive strike against Egypt, Syria, and Jordan, capturing the Sinai, Gaza, West Bank, and Golan Heights. |
-| [[Suez Crisis]] | 1956 invasion of Egypt by Israel, France, and Britain to regain control of the Suez Canal, ended by Soviet nuclear ultimatum and U.S. pressure. |
-| [[USS Liberty Incident]] | 1967 attack on the U.S. Navy intelligence ship USS Liberty by Israeli forces during the Six-Day War, killing 34 crew members and sparking enduring controversy. |
-| [[Yom Kippur War]] | 1973 Arab-Israeli War that began with coordinated Egyptian and Syrian attacks, leading to a nuclear alert and reshaping regional power dynamics. |
-
-## Terrorism
-Terrorist attacks, hijackings, and mass casualty events.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Achille Lauro]] | 1985 cruise ship attack described as an Israeli black propaganda operation designed to portray Palestinians as terrorists. |
-| [[Entebbe hijacking]] | 1976 hijacking of an Air France jet by the Baader-Meinhof Group, ended by a daring Israeli commando rescue raid at Entebbe Airport in Uganda. |
-| [[Munich Olympic Massacre]] | 1972 attack on Israeli Olympic athletes in Munich by Black September, leading to retaliatory assassinations by Israeli intelligence. |
-| [[Pan Am Flight 103]] | 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, connecting international terrorism to drug trafficking and intelligence operations. |
-
-## Crime Investigations
-Serial murders, child trafficking investigations, and criminal cases with government connections.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Dean Corll Murders]] | Mass murder of 28 young men in Houston, Texas (1970-1973) that uncovered connections to organized child trafficking and pornography networks with apparent institutional protection. |
-| [[HIK Investigation]] | Dutch police investigation launched in 1994 into child trafficking networks centered on Lothar Glandorf's boy brothels in Rotterdam, revealing connections to senior Dutch government officials. |
-| [[HIK Report]] | Official report from the Dutch HIK investigation into the Manuel Schadwald disappearance and the Rotterdam child trafficking network, revealing a government cover-up. |
-| [[Oakland County Child Killer]] | Unsolved murders of four children in Oakland County, Michigan (1976-1977) that investigators steered away from leads pointing to organized pedophile rings. |
-| [[Phillip Paske & The Delta Project]] | Investigation into John David Norman's Delta Project, a boy trafficking scheme operated from inside Cook County Jail using jail printing facilities to distribute materials. |
-| [[Rolodex Investigation]] | Dutch police inquiry (1997-1998) into a callboy service catering to Dutch justice officials, exposing connections between child trafficking networks and senior government figures. |
-| [[White Marches]] | Mass demonstrations in Belgium (October 1996) sparked by the politically motivated removal of investigating magistrate Jean-Marc Connerotte from the Dutroux case. |
-| [[X-Dossier]] | Classified dossier compiled under Judge Connerotte containing testimonies from witnesses X1-X8 alleging elite child abuse networks in Belgium linked to Operation Gladio. |
-
-## Diplomacy
-International summits, conferences, and diplomatic events.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Bandung Conference]] | 1955 meeting of Asian and African states in Indonesia that established the Non-Aligned Movement, attended by Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser and shaping Cold War diplomacy. |
-| [[Camp David summit]] | 1978 meetings between Egyptian President Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Begin, facilitated by Jimmy Carter, leading to the Egypt-Israel peace treaty. |
-| [[Geneva Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy]] | 1955 international scientific conference in Geneva with 1,500 delegates from 70 nations, marking the first major open exchange of nuclear knowledge. |
-| [[Paris Summit Meeting]] | 1960 summit between Eisenhower and Khrushchev that collapsed after the U-2 Incident, derailing a potential US-Soviet detente. |
-
-## Historical Phenomena
-Unexplained events, paranormal incidents, and historical anomalies.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Business Plot]] | 1933 alleged conspiracy by Wall Street financiers including the DuPont family to overthrow President Roosevelt and install a fascist dictatorship. |
-| [[Colares Incidents]] | Wave of UAP encounters in 1977 on the island of Colares, Brazil, where residents reported being attacked by beams of radiation from unknown craft. |
-| [[Extraordinary Powers Craze]] | Period of intense interest in paranormal phenomena in China during the late 1970s and early 1980s, sparked by reports of children with psychic abilities. |
-| [[Queen's Accident]] | 1983 head-on collision in Yosemite National Park foothills involving a Secret Service vehicle scouting Queen Elizabeth II's motorcade route, killing three agents and revealing allegations of cover-up and corruption. |
-| [[Roswell Incident]] | Alleged crash of a UAP in the desert near Roswell, New Mexico in July 1947, considered the foundational event of modern UFO lore and government secrecy. |
-
-## Modern Incidents
-Recent UAP encounters, domestic incidents, and contemporary events.
-
-| Name | Description |
-| --- | --- |
-| [[Cybertruck Trump Hotel Bombing]] | January 1, 2025 explosion of a Tesla Cybertruck outside Trump International Hotel Las Vegas by active duty Army Special Ops soldier Matthew Livelsberger. |
-| [[FBI Seizes Largest Ever Explosive Cache]] | January 1, 2025 FBI announcement of the largest explosives cache seizure in bureau history. |
-| [[GIMBAL]] | Unclassified Navy video of an F/A-18 Super Hornet crew's encounter with an object rotating against the wind, published in December 2017 and authorized for release by the Pentagon on April 27, 2020.[^1] |
-| [[GoFast]] | Unclassified Navy video of an F/A-18 Super Hornet crew's encounter with an object moving at extreme speed low over the ocean, first published in March 2018 and authorized for release April 27, 2020.[^1] |
-| [[New Orleans Truck Attack]] | January 1, 2025 terrorist attack in which Shamsud-Din Jabbar drove a truck into crowds on Bourbon Street in New Orleans, killing multiple people. |
-| [[Tic Tac]] | UAP encountered by the USS Nimitz Carrier Strike Group in November 2004, captured on video as 'Tic Tac'; the FLIR1 video was published in December 2017 and authorized for release April 27, 2020.[^1] |
-
---
-
-## Stats
-
-| category | Count |
-| --- | --- |
-| Major Conflict | 10 |
-| Crime Investigation | 8 |
-| Intelligence Scandal | 7 |
-| Modern Incident | 6 |
-| Historical Phenomenon | 5 |
-| Diplomacy | 4 |
-| Terrorism | 4 |
-| Contra War | 3 |
-
-[^1]: U.S. Department of Defense. "Statement by the Department of Defense on the Release of Historical Navy Videos," April 27, 2020. https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2165713/statement-by-the-department-of-defense-on-the-release-of-historical-navy-videos/ (read through the Internet Archive capture, https://web.archive.org/web/2020id_/https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2165713/statement-by-the-department-of-defense-on-the-release-of-historical-navy-videos/). Greenewald, John, Jr. "Navy Officially Releases UFO/UAP Videos, Calls Them 'Historical.'" The Black Vault, April 27, 2020 (reproduces the statement and gives the GOFAST date). https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/navy-officially-releases-ufo-uap-videos-calls-them-historical/ Politico reported in 2021 that Washington Headquarters Services approved the videos "for unlimited distribution" inside the government: Bender, Bryan. "The Hidden History of How Washington Embraced UFOs." *Politico Magazine,* May 28, 2021. https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/05/28/ufos-secret-history-government-washington-dc-487900 The Office of the Secretary of Defense file released to The Black Vault in August 2019 (case 18-F-0644, https://www.theblackvault.com/casefiles/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/18-F-0644.pdf) contains an August 23, 2017 email in which Luis Elizondo asked the Defense Office of Prepublication and Security Review to "consider our request for unrestricted release" and a DD Form 1910 whose publication-data block reads "Not Applicable. Not for publication. Research and analysis ONLY and info sharing with other USG and industry partners for the purposes of developing a database to help identify, analyze and ultimately defeat UAS threats" (text as transcribed from a poorly legible scan); Navy spokesman Joseph Gradisher said in 2019 that neither the Navy offices nor that review office had a record of correspondence responding to a request for unrestricted release in 2017 (The Black Vault, September 2019, https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/u-s-navy-confirms-videos-depict-unidentified-aerial-phenomena-not-cleared-for-public-release/).
--- a/EVENTS/MODERN_INCIDENTS/New
+++ b/EVENTS/MODERN_INCIDENTS/New
@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] declared the event an [[act of terro
 - Truck was rented on December 30, 2024 in Houston, Texas via [[Turo]]
 - Jabbar drove to New Orleans on the evening of December 31, 2024.
 - He stayed in an airbnb in St. Roch at 1329 Mandeville Street that caught on fire early Jan 1[^1]
- New Orleans police had removed bollards which “were being repaired” in preparation for the Sugarbowl (scheduled for Jan 1).[^5]
- Jabbar had an ISIS flag mounted on the back of his truck.[^5]
+- New Orleans police had removed bollards which “were being repaired” in preparation for the Sugarbowl (scheduled for Jan 1).[^2]
+- Jabbar had an ISIS flag mounted on the back of his truck.[^2]
 ### Weapons
-Two pipe bombs were found in coolers in the French Quarter a few blocks from the attack (Bourbon St and Orleans St and Bourbon between Tolouse and St peter). Allgedly they were rigged for remote detonation with a wireless remote found in the truck.[^2]
-Jabbar used or had on him an AR style rifle with a homemade suppressor and a handgun.[^3]
+Two pipe bombs were found in coolers in the French Quarter a few blocks from the attack (Bourbon St and Orleans St and Bourbon between Tolouse and St peter). Allgedly they were rigged for remote detonation with a wireless remote found in the truck.[^3]
+Jabbar used or had on him an AR style rifle with a homemade suppressor and a handgun.[^4]
 ### Footnotes

 [^1]: [Fire at St. Roch rental may be connected to mass casualty Bourbon Street attack, sources say](https://archive.is/XzFA6)
-[^2]: [Islamic State-inspired driver expressed desire to kill before deadly New Orleans rampage, Biden says](https://archive.is/6V9is)
-[^3]: [10 killed on Bourbon Street in New Orleans after suspect intentionally slams truck into crowd; dozens injured](https://archive.is/B6eFa)
-[^5]: [At least 10 killed in New Orleans after driver intentionally rams into crowd on Bourbon Street](https://archive.is/EYCVr)
+[^2]: [At least 10 killed in New Orleans after driver intentionally rams into crowd on Bourbon Street](https://archive.is/EYCVr)
+[^3]: [Islamic State-inspired driver expressed desire to kill before deadly New Orleans rampage, Biden says](https://archive.is/6V9is)
+[^4]: [10 killed on Bourbon Street in New Orleans after suspect intentionally slams truck into crowd; dozens injured](https://archive.is/B6eFa)
--- a/TECHNOLOGY/DATAVIEW
+++ b/TECHNOLOGY/DATAVIEW
@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
---
-tags:
-  - MOC
-  - META
---
-# Concepts & Technology Index
-
-This Map of Content (MOC) auto-generates index tables for all concepts and technologies in The Info Web using Dataview queries. Pages are automatically included based on their `category` frontmatter field.
-
-To recategorize a concept, edit its page's frontmatter `category` field.
-
---
-
-## Psi Phenomena
-Psychic abilities, remote viewing, telepathy, and related phenomena.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "50 - CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGY"
-WHERE category = "Psi Phenomenon"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Intelligence Concepts
-Intelligence terminology, surveillance technologies, covert operations concepts, and espionage methods.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "50 - CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGY"
-WHERE category = "Intelligence Concept"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Esoteric & Historical Concepts
-Historical movements, social phenomena, and esoteric topics documented in the research.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "50 - CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGY"
-WHERE category = "Esoteric & Historical Concept"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Nuclear Concepts
-Nuclear weapons, proliferation, treaties, and related technologies.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "50 - CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGY"
-WHERE category = "Nuclear Concept"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Advanced Human Technology
-Enhanced human capabilities, psychotronic weapons, and synthetic telepathy.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "50 - CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGY"
-WHERE category = "Advanced Human Technology"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Scientific Theories & Technologies
-Physics theories, detection technologies, and scientific classification systems.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "50 - CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGY"
-WHERE category = "Scientific Theory & Technology"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Research Methodologies
-Remote viewing protocols, research approaches, and experimental methods.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "50 - CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGY"
-WHERE category = "Research Methodology"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Psychology & Behavioral Science
-Psychological conditions, mind control, and behavioral research.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "50 - CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGY"
-WHERE category = "Psychology & Behavioral Science"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Military Technology
-Weapons systems, military platforms, and defense technologies.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "50 - CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGY"
-WHERE category = "Military Technology"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Information Systems
-Software systems, databases, and information management technologies.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "50 - CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGY"
-WHERE category = "Information System"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
-## Drugs & Trafficking
-Narcotics, drug trafficking networks, and substance-related concepts.
-
-```dataview
-TABLE WITHOUT ID
-  file.link AS Name,
-  summary AS Description
-FROM "50 - CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGY"
-WHERE category = "Drugs & Trafficking"
-SORT file.name ASC
-```
-
---
-
-## Stats
-
-```dataview
-TABLE length(rows) AS Count
-FROM "50 - CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGY"
-WHERE category
-GROUP BY category
-SORT length(rows) DESC
-```
--- a/Show more
+++ b/Show more
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
disinfo.zone	58557056f7	vault backup: 2026-10-05 15:03:22	2026-10-05 15:03:22 -04:00
disinfo.zone	0dfba89cf6	vault backup: 2026-10-05 15:03:18	2026-10-05 15:03:18 -04:00