52 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
52 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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category: "Intelligence & Government"
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tags:
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- Person
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- BCCI
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- CIA
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summary: "Saudi intelligence official and BCCI front man who testified to the Federal Reserve in 1981 as a passive investor in First American's holding company and later served as a Capcom director."
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relations:
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- type: owned
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with: "[[Credit and Commerce American Holdings]]"
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role: "nominee shareholder for BCCI"
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fn: 9
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- type: director_of
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with: "[[Capcom]]"
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fn: 8
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- type: employed_by
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with: "[[General Intelligence Presidency]]"
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role: "liaison to the United States"
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fn: 8
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- type: head_of
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with: "[[General Intelligence Presidency]]"
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role: "described in the Senate BCCI report as one of two successive heads of Saudi intelligence with Kamal Adham"
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fn: 2
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---
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A. R. (Abdul Raouf) Khalil is a high-level officer in the [[General Intelligence Presidency]] and a key [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International|BCCI]] front man.[^1] He was a prominent figure in [[Agha Hasan Abedi]]'s network of wealthy Middle Eastern individuals who were shareholders in BCCI and its associated entities.
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The Senate Foreign Relations Committee report on BCCI wrote that [[Kamal Adham]] and A.R. Khalil were "two successive heads of Saudi intelligence" and nominees for the bank, and described Adham and Khalil as "the past and then-current Saudi intelligence liaisons to the United States" when [[Financial General Bankshares]] was acquired.[^2][^3] Arab News wrote in 2001 that [[Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]] was the third director of the agency since its establishment in the mid-1960s, after Adham and [[Turki al-Faisal]].[^4]
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### Role in BCCI Operations
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Khalil was one of the nominees used by Abedi to secretly purchase shares in [[Credit and Commerce American Holdings|CCAH]], the holding company that owned [[First American Bank]].[^5] He was also a recipient of large, fictitious loans from BCCI, such as $168 million, which were used to create the illusion of capital within the bank.[^6]
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His involvement in BCCI's operations highlights the bank's strategy of using influential figures to conceal its true ownership and illicit financial activities. Khalil, along with Kamal Adham and [[Ghaith R. Pharaon]], held significant shares in BCCI and its subsidiaries, often acquired through these fraudulent loans.[^7]
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### The Federal Reserve and the CIA
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The [[BCCI Kerry-Brown Senate Report|Kerry-Brown Senate Report]] described Khalil as, like Kamal Adham, "a BCCI shareholder and front man from its creation, and a key nominee in BCCI's secret takeover of First American." He appeared before the [[Federal Reserve Board|Federal Reserve]] on April 23, 1981, and presented himself as a private businessman: "My career has been devoted to business and I presently hold interests in real estate, mechanical and electrical maintenance projects, and commodities. In addition, I have been involved in some business ventures with American and British manufacturers for the installation of electronic and computer equipment in Saudi Arabia." The report found that he did not tell the Federal Reserve that he was then a key figure in Saudi intelligence and its liaison to the [[United States]], or disclose that one of his businesses was the Saudi Security and Technical Services Company, which supplied electronic and computer equipment to the Saudi government and its intelligence operations.[^8] The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] told the Federal Reserve it had no derogatory information on the shareholders, among them Adham and Khalil, "the past and then-current Saudi intelligence liaisons to the United States."[^8] The Federal Reserve found in 1991 that Khalil, Adham, [[Faisal Saud al-Fulaij]] and the other Middle Eastern nominees "had secretly done precisely what the Federal Reserve had sought to assure they would not do."[^9]
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According to [[Price Waterhouse]] audit reports, Khalil had no written contact with BCCI from 1985; by the late 1980s senior BCCI officials knew of no way to reach him, and the chief financial officer, [[Masihur Rahman]], doubted he existed. BCCI nevertheless used his name extensively as a nominee in [[Latin America]], the Caribbean and Europe, and he was a principal shareholder and director of BCCI's commodities affiliate, [[Capcom]]. When American regulators asked the [[United States Department of State|State Department]] in 1991 to locate him for service of legal papers, they were told he could not be found; after some months they determined that he was frequently to be found in the offices of the CIA station chief in [[Saudi Arabia]], and on their suggesting this, service was quickly arranged.[^8]
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 10.
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[^2]: U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, The BCCI Affair (1992), "Abu Dhabi: BCCI's Founding and Majority Shareholders." https://irp.fas.org/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/14abudhabi.htm
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[^3]: U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, The BCCI Affair (1992), "BCCI, the CIA and Foreign Intelligence." https://irp.fas.org/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/11intel.htm
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[^4]: "Prince Nawaf new intelligence chief," Arab News, September 1, 2001. https://www.arabnews.com/node/214954
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[^5]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 193.
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[^6]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 142.
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[^7]: Beaty, Jonathan and Gwynne, S. C. *The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI*. New York: Random House, 1993, p. 140.
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[^8]: Kerry, Senator John, and Senator Hank Brown. *The BCCI Affair: A Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate.* December 1992, ch. 11, "BCCI, the CIA and Foreign Intelligence." https://irp.fas.org/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/11intel.htm
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[^9]: Kerry, Senator John, and Senator Hank Brown. *The BCCI Affair: A Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate.* December 1992, ch. 6, "BCCI in the United States: Initial Entry." https://irp.fas.org/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/06early.htm
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