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aliases category tags summary location relations created updated
Garrison Rapmund
Major General Garrison Rapmund
Garrison "Gary" Rapmund
Gary Rapmund
G. Rapmund
MG Rapmund
BG Rapmund
Military
Person
Military
ArmyMedicalCorps
Stargate
GrillFlame
SunStreak
HumanUse
Physician
Army physician who directed the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, advised on Grill Flame human use, and as Army Medical Research and Development Command commander funded remote viewing research from 1985. Bethesda, Maryland
type with end role fn
employed_by U.S. Army 1986 Army Medical Corps physician; retired in 1986 as a major general, Assistant Surgeon General (Research and Development) 1
type with start end role fn
head_of Walter Reed Army Institute of Research 1979 1979 director (colonel) as of March 1979; the Surgeon General's designated representative for Grill Flame 6
type with start end role fn
head_of United States Army Medical Research and Development Command 1981 1986 commander at Fort Detrick, brigadier general by August 1981 and major general by October 1983; Assistant Surgeon General for Research and Development 13
type with start role fn
member_of Grill Flame 1979 impartial member of the Defense Department Grill Flame working group and its subcommittee on human testing, as the Surgeon General's designee 6
type with start role fn
funded Stanford Research Institute 1985 initiated a multi-year research and applications program through a memorandum of agreement with Jack Vorona, described in 1995 as half of $20 million contracted by the government 28
2025-08-05 2026-10-05

Garrison "Gary" Rapmund took his M.D. at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1953 and trained in pediatrics at Babies Hospital before entering the U.S. Army, where he rose to major general. He became an assistant surgeon general for research and development, was a scientific adviser to the National Institutes of Health, the Federal Aviation Administration and the Department of Energy, and received the Legion of Merit and a named medal of the Infectious Diseases Society of America for work on rickettsial diseases. Rapmund, of Bethesda, Maryland, died on April 22, 2018, at the age of 90.1

The human use question, 1979 to 1981

On March 6, 1979 the invitee list for the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) briefing on Grill Flame listed "COL Rapmund (Dir, Army Med Research Inst)" under the Surgeon General, with Major General Mendez, among representatives of the Army Staff, the Air Force, the Navy and the Defense Intelligence Agency; Murray Watt and Major General Edmund Thompson appeared on the same list.2 The Army General Counsel had advised on February 15, 1979 that Grill Flame could be classified as testing on human subjects and had advised contact with the Surgeon General to establish a review committee. A protocol for the work sponsored by the Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity was developed, in the Army's later account, with the assistance of Colonel Rapmund, "MC, Director, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research."3

On March 8, 9 and 12, 1979, AMSAA's John Kramar hosted a three-day work conference at Aberdeen Proving Ground to work out the consequences of the General Counsel's decision that all Army Grill Flame activity must comply with Department of Health, Education and Welfare guidelines and Army Regulation 70-25, and Rapmund, "Director, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research," attended with Major Watt, Major William Stoner, Lynne Taylor, Scott Phillips and, on Monday, Lieutenant Frederick Atwater. Watt's record states that the bulk of the time went to developing a remote viewing protocol for the Surgeon General and the General Counsel, which, at his request, depicted only AMSAA's involvement because "leaving INSCOM out of the protocol eliminates one more security problem." When Watt asked why INSCOM's part of the project, being "task oriented" and "in the applications business," should come under those guidelines, "all agreed that this was a reasonable position and COL Rapmund stated that he would raise the issue with the OSG." Rapmund supplied his outline of INSCOM's role: aimed at real world targets, involving only INSCOM personnel, all professional intelligence personnel, and summed up as "TASK - assigned. It has been proven it can be done. We found people to do the job. Want to send them for training. Carry out the MISSION!"4 The group agreed that if the protocol were accepted as "no risk," the sponsors would check with the Surgeon General's office before making "any significant changes to the physical environment" of their protocols, as, in the memorandum's example, using submarines as the remote viewing room.4

On March 26, 1979 an ad hoc subcommittee of the Surgeon General's Human Subjects Research Review Board met in the Pentagon, with Hal Puthoff and Russell Targ presenting the SRI protocol and John Kramar the AMSAA protocol. Rapmund was present. The subcommittee concluded unanimously that the SRI protocol was "technology transfer rather than research or testing," that the AMSAA protocol was "phenomenological validation of the technology to be transferred by SRI," and that federal guidelines and Army regulations on human subjects did not apply; it added that follow-on research might involve human subjects and that the Army sponsors were "presently unprepared to address all anticipated problems."5 An Army message to its Grill Flame addressees stated that the Surgeon General's office "subsequently designated Colonel Garrison Rapmund, Director of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research" as its permanent point of contact, who "will sit as an impartial member of both the DOD Working Group and SHUT," the working group's subcommittee on human testing.6 On November 15, 1979 Colonel Norman Wells of the Army staff wrote to Representative Charlie Rose that the Army had asked him to serve as a lay member of the Surgeon General's Grill Flame Human Use Committee, that the committee chairman had since said a non-Defense lay person was not required, and that a copy of the letter went to Brigadier General Rapmund in the Office of the Surgeon General.7

The Grill Flame Scientific Evaluation Committee report of December 1979 was followed on February 6, 1980 by a memorandum from Thompson, as assistant chief of staff for intelligence, to Dr. Walter LaBerge at the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. Thompson recommended convening the steering committee and adding "an individual thoroughly versed" in the legal and medical aspects of human subjects: "Brigadier General Garrison Rapmund, whom I believe you know, has such a background and has been involved with GRILL FLAME for over a year." He proposed to discuss the matter with Rapmund and Lieutenant General Charles C. Pixley, the Army Surgeon General.8

By 1981 Rapmund was a brigadier general. INSCOM's letters of that year addressed him at Fort Detrick as "BG Garrison Rapmund, Chairman, Human Use Committee, MIIA" (the Army's Medical Intelligence and Information Agency), and a record of August 27, 1981 describes him as commander of the Army Medical Research and Development Command. On June 1, 1981, Colonel Chad White of United States Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) sent him the INSCOM Grill Flame protocol for approval, noting that INSCOM had become "the only active operational Grill Flame element in the US Army" effective January 14, 1981 and that the project was "not research oriented."9 On June 26, 1981 INSCOM asked Rapmund for an administrative review of the protocol "from the point of view of human risk" in applying the relaxation and concentration methods of the Monroe Institute, which the letter described as a frequency following response and hemispheric synchronization delivered through recorded tapes, and requested approval to add physiological monitoring of viewers by electroencephalograph, electromyograph, psychogalvanometer and plethysmograph.10

On July 2, 1981 the Army General Counsel's office told the assistant chief of staff for intelligence that an attorney would meet "BG Rapmund of The Surgeon General's Office and Chairperson of the Human Subjects Research Review Board," adding: "For as long as this office has been involved in Grill Flame, we have been in communication with BG Rapmund and his advice has formed the basis of our decisions regarding human experimentation." Rapmund wished first to review the proposed protocol and "seek more information regarding several other questions."11

Within the Army, a routing slip of July 15, 1981 records a meeting on the human use issue attended by Rapmund, who "stated that, among other subjects, he did not believe that the Army GRILL FLAME effort constituted human experimentation" and "recommended Army execute its FY 81 contract with SRI as a non-human use contract." On July 17, 1981, Army General Counsel Delbert Spurlock wrote that, "based upon BG Rapmund's representations," namely that the fiscal 1981 taskings "involve only the theoretical refinement of remote viewing techniques" and that Army personnel would not be involved for the rest of the fiscal year, the money committed to SRI could be released; he recommended that from fiscal 1982 all Army Grill Flame activity be consolidated under the assistant chief of staff for intelligence and "coordinated with BG Rapmund on human use issues."12 Representative Rose had asked that the Army and Defense Department general counsels meet him on July 16 over the "impasse caused by the 'human use' issue."12

On August 26, 1981, signing as Brigadier General, Medical Corps, Assistant Surgeon General (Research and Development), Rapmund wrote to the Army staff: "For the past several years, I have assisted the project GRILL FLAME with respect to the issue of human experimentation." He asked that Dr. David Marlowe, chief of the Department of Military Psychiatry at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, be cleared, because "I need someone from the professional staff of the command with whom I can dialogue ... to pursue the possibility of a research effort as part of GRILL FLAME."13 The next day, August 27, 1981, at the Defense Intelligence Agency's offices at Pomponio Plaza, he met Jack Vorona at Rapmund's request, with Lieutenant Colonel Robert Jachim and Major Dennis O'Keefe present. In Jachim's record, Rapmund explained that INSCOM's effort was in the "occupational health risk" area, as with air traffic controllers, and not human use; cautioned the intelligence community "not to unwittingly fall into the area of research"; and said that "as long as the William Perry letter remained as DoD policy, R&D funds could not be spent in the field of parapsychology. However, in his opinion there was a need to begin a serious effort in this field." Vorona agreed and "solicited BG Rapmund's assistance in getting the Perry letter rescinded."14

On September 8, 1981 an INSCOM officer reported to Colonel Billy Miller that hypnosis had never been used in the program but had been discussed with Rapmund, "and believe he feels that this is an appropriate area for research."15 A briefing slide of 1982 listed "Assistant Surgeon General for Medical R&D - Medical Review" among the program's current players and recorded that in August 1981 the Assistant Surgeon General and the assistant chief of staff for intelligence had "agreed to challenge" the Perry memorandum and that Rapmund was "to assemble scientific notables to validate need for support," with Army intelligence funds for his efforts "up to $75,000."16 On February 22, 1982, Jachim recorded that INSCOM's protocols had been under review by Rapmund, then called Deputy Surgeon General in the memorandum, since late summer 1981, and that Thompson had approved $30,000 for the scientific panels, concurred in by Brigadier General William Odom, though "no action had been taken to his knowledge by MG Rapmund to use the money."17

The research program, 1983 to 1986

By August 25, 1983, a memorandum on the board of advisors of the Monroe Institute stated that questions about "the technology currently in use at M.I.A.S. and/or the medical impact" could best be answered by "MG Garrison Rapmund, Commander, USA Medical Research and Development Command."18 The Army's chronology records that in the autumn of 1983 Rapmund was briefed on the INSCOM Center Lane project, and that on January 19, 1984 Lieutenant Colonel Roger Bennett of his Human Use Review Office was briefed.19 On July 19 and 20, 1984 Rapmund visited SRI.20

On August 1, 1984, Lieutenant Colonel Brian Buzby, Captain Bill Ray and one other officer whose name is withheld met Rapmund at Fort Detrick to tell him that the INSCOM commander had decided to transfer all psychoenergetic activities out of INSCOM, with operations going to a national agency and any research and development to his command. Rapmund said he had visited SRI on July 19 and 20 and that his command and DIA were formulating a memorandum of agreement. He described "an intelligence short fall in foreign chemical warfare technology (a responsibility of the Office of the Surgeon General)" which "would appear" to be soluble "through the use of remote viewing intelligence collection." His plan, in Buzby's record, was a contractual research effort to "validate the remote viewing phenomena and identify its physical, biological, and psychological characteristics"; physiological monitoring "which has never been done in US psychoenergetic research"; a scientific panel whose members "must be of sufficient reputation that their testimony will satisfy the criticism of skeptics"; and a human use review committee. He envisioned "a 5 year, multimillion dollar R&D effort," personally supervised for the first six to eight months, with external contracts "most likely at SRI-I and subcontractors." He "neither wants nor can support military intelligence spaces within USAMRDC."21

On August 31, 1984 Vorona told the Center Lane office that he and Rapmund had signed a memorandum of understanding under which Rapmund "will provide one million dollars during FY85, two million during FY86, and four million during FY87."22 The writer Annie Jacobsen reported that in July 1984, after Albert Stubblebine was forced into early retirement and the program was in doubt, Rapmund discussed moving it under his command at Fort Detrick, with an emphasis on testing the physiology of the viewers, and that the Office of the Surgeon General ultimately declined to take over the program.23 On February 6, 1985 Lieutenant General Odom told the Under Secretary of the Army, James Ambrose, that Rapmund "was now an active participant in the field and that he planned to award an R&D contract to SRI-International, which would include a subcontract to Dr. Robert Jahn" of Princeton University; Ambrose asked why INSCOM had met Rapmund on August 1, and asked that Rapmund be told that he wanted to discuss psychoenergetics with him.24 The Under Secretary's interest had been renewed by an inquiry to the Secretary of the Army, John Marsh, from Senator Claiborne Pell about Army involvement in psychoenergetics.24

The contract through which the Army Medical Research and Development Command (contracts bearing the prefix DAMD17) paid for the work with SRI is identified in later records as DAMD17-85-C-5130, "Enhanced Human Performance Investigation," with SRI International as prime contractor. A DD Form 254 revised June 22, 1988 lists its estimated completion date as September 30, 1990, and an SRI report of 1988 calls the work the Army command's "Enhanced Human Performance Investigation." An SRI research and development plan of April 1988 refers to it as "the original 5-year program," for which the Army headquarters had already established a Scientific Oversight Committee and a Human Use Review Board. A DIA-sponsored SRI contract of the preceding year, DAMD17-83-C-3106, covering October 1983 to October 1984 and a final report titled "QRT Tasking," carries the same prefix.25 On March 6, 1987, at the request of Rapmund's successor as commander, Major General Philip K. Russell, a Project Review Group met at the Pentagon to assess the "Enhanced Human Performance Project": Amoretta Hoeber of TRW, Jack Vorona, Michael Wartell of Humboldt State University, Chris Zarafonetis and a consultant, Nick Yaru, as chairman, with Brigadier General Richard T. Travis, Colonel Peter J. McNelis as project manager and contracting officer's representative, and Edwin May of SRI present; the group asked whether the science was sound and whether the evidence supported "the existence of an anomaly."26

Rapmund retired in 1986.27

After the Army

In 1995 Edwin May of the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory at Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) described Rapmund to Professor Jessica Utts of the review panel: "Dr. Rapmund is singularly responsible for half of the total of $20 M contracted by the government when he initiated his program in 1985. He signed a memorandum of agreement with Dr. Vorona with regard to the mix of basic and applied research." May wrote that Rapmund "chairs our Institutional Review Board (i.e., human use) and serves as the chief liaison to the Policy and Scientific Oversight Committees," and that he served on the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board and was involved in policy matters with the Federal Aviation Administration. In a memorandum of March 26, 1995 to a CIA correspondent whose name is withheld, May wrote that "in 1985 Jack Vorona (DDS&TI) and Gary Rapmund issued a memorandum of agreement (a copy is in our office in McLean) saying that, although all the money was from the Army Med Command, nonetheless 25% of the research could be in support of applications," that "in point of fact, over 50% of the research was applied," that the Army five-year program accounted for "4 years of research (~$6.0M) out of 17 years and a total of $11.6M," and that Rapmund was second on his "must-contact list." In a separate memorandum of February 23, 1995, May wrote that Rapmund "has followed the program since 1978 where he was active on one of the Human Use Review Boards for the Army," that "while commander of the Army Medical Research and Development Command, he initiated a $10 M, 5-year research and applications program," and that he "was the creative force behind our Scientific Review Committees and was the first to meld applications with careful research."28

On January 22, 1993, in Menlo Park, California, Rapmund, as chairman of the Institutional Review Board of the SAIC Cognitive Sciences Laboratory, presided from 1:05 to 5:15 p.m. over a review of the "Protocols for the Use of Human Subjects" prepared by the laboratory's staff. The board, with Byron Brown, Robin Michelson, Ronald Nakasone, Aloma Park and Louis Jolyon West present, and Edwin May, Stephen LaBerge, Nevin Lantz, Marilyn Schlitz and others in attendance, determined that the five proposed experiments "represented Minimal Risk," and required consent forms to state that participation might damage a participant's credibility, that "the risk exists that you may come to believe that you have a skill that you may not possess," and, for a protocol using a "DreamLight," that there was a "very remote risk of photostimulation" possibly causing epileptic seizures.29

The rosters of the research contractor's committees in the Defense Intelligence Agency's "Project Star Gate Research and Peer Review Plan" of June 1994 list him as a non-voting member of the Scientific Oversight Committee drawn from the Institutional Review Board, with the description "Responsible for facilitating commercialization of Strategic Defense Initiative technologies to the health care industry and the life sciences research community. Major General, USA retired in 1986 as Assistant Surgeon General (R&D) and Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command. M.D., Columbia University, 1953 (Pediatrics)." Another roster lists "Garrison Rapmund, M.D. (Chair)" for the Institutional Review Board, whose members included Louis Jolyon West, Robert Livingston, Byron Brown and Robin Michelson.30 The Scientific Oversight Committee itself included Steven Hillyard, S. James Press, Melvin Schwartz, Yervant Terzian and Philip Zimbardo.30

Footnotes

  1. Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia Medicine, Fall/Winter 2018, "In Memoriam," Class of 1953, https://www.vagelos.columbia.edu/about-us/columbia-medicine-magazine/archives/fall-winter-2018/memoriam/alumni. ↩︎

  2. "SRI Grill Flame Briefing, 6 March 1979," CIA-RDP96-00788R001200270001-0, read in the archive.org mirror of the CIA FOIA Reading Room STARGATE collection, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001200270001-0; also catalogued as CIA-RDP96-00788R001200310001-5. ↩︎

  3. "Human Use Review of Project GRILL FLAME," January 24, 1980, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440028-3, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100440028-3; "Human Use Chronology," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100430001-3, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100430001-3. ↩︎

  4. Watt, Murray B., memorandum for the record, "Three-Day Work Conference - AMSAA (8, 9 and 12 March 1979)," March 15, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R002000240039-3, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r002000240039-3. ↩︎

  5. Office of the Surgeon General, "Minutes of Ad Hoc Subcommittee of The Surgeon General's Human Use Review Committee Meeting, 26 March 1979," March 29, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100110002-7, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100110002-7. ↩︎

  6. "Army Legal Guidance Re GRILL FLAME," Army staff message, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200240004-0, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001200240004-0; also catalogued as CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440009-4. ↩︎

  7. Wells, Norman S., Colonel, GS, Director of Intelligence Systems, letter to the Honorable Charles Rose, November 15, 1979, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100400003-4, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100400003-4. ↩︎

  8. Thompson, E. R., Major General, memorandum for Dr. LaBerge, Principal Deputy, Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, "GRILL FLAME," February 6, 1980, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440029-2, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100440029-2. ↩︎

  9. White, Chad B., "INSCOM Grill Flame Project Protocol," June 1, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100200003-6, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100200003-6; also catalogued as CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440060-7. ↩︎

  10. INSCOM, "Request for Administrative Review of INSCOM GRILL FLAME Protocol," June 26, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100200005-4, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100200005-4; INSCOM, "Approval Request for Changes/Additions to Established INSCOM GRILL FLAME Protocol," June 26, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100200008-1, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100200008-1. ↩︎

  11. Office of the General Counsel, Department of the Army, "Status Report on the Joint Army/DIA Grill Flame Program," July 2, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00792R000100140019-2, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00792r000100140019-2; also catalogued as CIA-RDP96-00788R002000260016-6. ↩︎

  12. O'Keefe, Dennis M., Major, routing slip "Grill Flame," July 15, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440068-9, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100440068-9; Spurlock, Delbert L., Office of the General Counsel, Department of the Army, memorandum for the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, "Grill Flame," July 17, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440069-8, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100440069-8. The Army's chronology lists the General Counsel's recommendation of July 17, 1981 that the charter be submitted to the Secretary of the Army, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8. The meeting date of July 16 with Rose is read from the slip's first paragraph, in which the call was received on July 15. ↩︎

  13. Rapmund, Garrison, Brigadier General, MC, Assistant Surgeon General (Research and Development), memorandum for the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, "GRILL FLAME," August 26, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200340009-4, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001200340009-4. ↩︎

  14. Jachim, Robert J., memorandum for the record, "Meeting Between BG Rapmund and Dr. Jack Vorona," September 1, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440071-5, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100440071-5. ↩︎

  15. INSCOM, memorandum for Colonel Billy F. Miller, "Hypnosis as Possible GRILL FLAME Collection Technique," September 8, 1981, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100400016-0, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100400016-0. ↩︎

  16. "Grill Flame Current Players, Upcoming Events, Current Issues" briefing slides, c. early 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100290004-6, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100290004-6. ↩︎

  17. Jachim, Robert J., memorandum for the record, "Visit to OACSI (COL Kennedy)," February 22, 1982, CIA-RDP96-00788R001200060035-6, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001200060035-6. ↩︎

  18. Memorandum for record, "Board of Advisors for Monroe Institute of Applied Science (M.I.A.S.)," August 25, 1983, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700210014-7, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001700210014-7. ↩︎

  19. "List of Events from September 1977 to January 1986," CIA-RDP96-00788R001100020001-8, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100020001-8; "Center Lane Historical Overview," February 22, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001700030008-4, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001700030008-4. The chronology's date column places the Rapmund briefing between October 8 and November 23, 1983 and the Bennett briefing on January 19, 1984. ↩︎

  20. "Center Lane Meeting with MG Rapmund 1 August 1984," CIA-RDP96-00788R001500100006-0, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001500100006-0. ↩︎

  21. Buzby, Brian, memorandum for the record, "CENTER LANE Meeting with MG Rapmund 1 August 1984," CIA-RDP96-00788R001500100006-0. Buzby, "Transfer of CENTER LANE to DIA," February 6, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00788R001500020022-1, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001500020022-1, and the transfer memorandum CIA-RDP96-00788R001500090026-0, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001500090026-0, record that Rapmund "neither needed nor wanted the transfer of ICLP resources." ↩︎

  22. INSCOM Center Lane office, "Discussion with Dr. Jack Vorona," August 31, 1984, CIA-RDP96-00788R001500090055-8, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001500090055-8. ↩︎

  23. Jacobsen, Annie, Phenomena: The Secret History of the U.S. Government's Investigations into Extrasensory Perception and Psychokinesis, Little, Brown and Company, 2017. ↩︎

  24. Buzby, Brian, memorandum "Briefing to the Under Secretary of the Army, 6 February 1985," February 11, 1985, CIA-RDP96-00788R001500020021-2, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001500020021-2. ↩︎

  25. "Department of Defense Contract Security Classification Specification" (DD Form 254), SRI International, revised June 22, 1988, CIA-RDP96-00788R001500170008-1, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001500170008-1; May, Edwin C., and Virginia V. Trask, "Forced-Choice Remote Viewing," final report, Objective E, Task 4, December 1988, CIA-RDP96-00787R000300010001-9, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00787r000300010001-9; SRI International, "Phenomenological Research and Development," April 29, 1988, CIA-RDP96-00789R003000400004-1, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00789r003000400004-1; Puthoff, Harold E., Edwin C. May and Beverly S. Humphrey, "QRT Tasking (U)," final report, November 1984, contract DAMD17-83-C-3106, CIA-RDP96-00788R001800220001-9, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001800220001-9. ↩︎

  26. SRI International, "The Enhanced Human Performance Project: An Assessment of the Effort to Date," Project Review Group, April 14, 1987, CIA-RDP96-00789R003300160001-8, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00789r003300160001-8. ↩︎

  27. Science Applications International Corporation, "Scientific Oversight Committee," CIA-RDP96-00789R003200130001-2, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00789r003200130001-2. ↩︎

  28. May, Edwin C., "Project Contacts," memorandum to Jessica M. Utts, August 1, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190048-5, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00791r000200190048-5; May, Edwin C., memorandum, March 26, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190053-9, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00791r000200190053-9; May, Edwin C., "Contacts," February 23, 1995, CIA-RDP96-00791R000200190073-7, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00791r000200190073-7. ↩︎

  29. Science Applications International Corporation, "Institutional Review Board Meeting Minutes," January 22, 1993, CIA-RDP96-00789R003100260001-9, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00789r003100260001-9. ↩︎

  30. Science Applications International Corporation, "Scientific Oversight Committee" and "Institutional Review Board," CIA-RDP96-00789R003200130001-2; Defense Intelligence Agency, "Project Star Gate Research and Peer Review Plan," June 1994, appendices E (Scientific Oversight Committee) and F (Institutional Review Board), CIA-RDP96-00789R002700010001-1, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00789r002700010001-1, and CIA-RDP96-00789R002700020001-0; Cognitive Sciences Laboratory committee list, CIA-RDP96-00788R001100440083-2, https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp96-00788r001100440083-2. ↩︎