The_Info_Web/20 - ORGANIZATIONS/Iron March.md

---
category: "Extremism & Violent Networks"
tags:
  - Organization
  - IronMarch
  - NeoNazi
  - AtomwaffenDivision
  - SiegeCulture
  - Forum
  - Russia
  - DatabaseLeak
created: 2026-05-21
updated: 2026-10-07
aliases:
  - Iron March
  - IronMarch
  - Iron March forum
  - ironmarch.org
  - International Third Positionist Federation
  - ITPF
summary: "Iron March was a neo-fascist web forum founded in 2011 by Alisher Mukhitdinov, who used the alias Alexander Slavros, that closed in 2017 and whose database leak in 2019 exposed users in several countries."
start: 2011
end: 2017
location: "Russia (online)"
relations:
  - type: founded
    with: "Alisher Mukhitdinov"
    reverse: true
    start: 2011
    fn: 1
  - type: member_of
    with: "Benjamin Raymond"
    reverse: true
    role: "administrator (member number seven)"
    start: 2011
    fn: 4
  - type: investigated
    with: "Bellingcat"
    reverse: true
    start: 2019
    fn: 3
---

Iron March was a neo-fascist web forum founded in 2011 by [[Russia|Russian]] nationalist [[Alisher Mukhitdinov]], who used the alias "Alexander Slavros," and taken offline in November 2017.[^1] It was the online meeting place where [[Brandon Russell]] announced [[Atomwaffen Division]] in October 2015, and it served as the starting point for other neo-Nazi and neo-fascist groups, including [[National Action]] in the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Antipodean Resistance]] in [[Australia]]. The forum also gave a new readership to [[James Mason]]'s 1992 book [[Siege]].[^2] Its database was posted online in November 2019.[^3]

### Founding and Predecessor Forum

The forum began as the International Third Positionist Federation (ITPF). On June 26, 2010, an unidentified user named Kacen created it on [[Bizhat]], an [[India]]-based hosting service that offered ready-to-use forum templates.[^1] ITPF had no activity until April 2011, when Mukhitdinov created a forum charter and discussion topics under the Slavros alias.[^1] In September 2011 its administrators created Iron March on the ironmarch.org domain using [[Invision Power Services]] software, migrated ITPF's data to it, and shut ITPF down.[^1] A moderator using the screen name "Woman in Black" alluded to unspecified technical problems in private messages, and the reasons for the migration are not known in detail.[^1] ITPF had regional sections for nine European countries and the United States, and most of its users wrote in English.[^1]

Slavros created Iron March to fill a niche in the online neo-fascist ecosystem, which lacked a community for "21st century Fascists," meaning a younger generation of adherents to Traditionalist neo-fascism.[^1] The leadership strongly encouraged offline activism, and moderators created sub-forums for any country with enough active members to sustain discussion.[^1]

Three premeditated violent plots conclusively linked to Iron March were disrupted between 2011 and 2017 while the forum was online, and the majority of terrorist activity linked to the skull-mask network, as the [[Combating Terrorism Center at West Point]] terms it, occurred after the forum disappeared.[^1] The first, disrupted in 2015, involved Iron March member Lindsay Souvannarath and an accomplice, who were arrested on their way to a planned mass shooting at a shopping mall in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]]. Souvannarath pleaded guilty and was sentenced to life imprisonment in 2018 (R. v. Souvannarath, 2018 NSSC 96), and has since written several letters to Mason.[^1]

### Administration and Named Moderators

Mukhitdinov, who used the alias "Alexander Slavros," is the only forum administrator whose real identity has been published. A [[BBC News Russian]] investigation by Andrei Soshnikov, published on January 30, 2020, reported that the website slavros.org, which carried Slavros's early nationalist manifestos, was registered in 2011 in the name of Alisher Mukhitdinov, and that he was living in a three-room apartment in southwest [[Moscow]]. The BBC reported that investigators were not looking for him, that he did not speak to its reporters, and that he did not answer on the Signal messenger.[^4] His parents met in the 1980s as students at the [[Moscow State Institute of International Relations]] (MGIMO) and divorced in the 1990s. His father was a businessman, a sponsor of MGIMO, and the head of a foundation that assists labour migrants. His mother worked as a sports journalist.[^4][^5] According to two BBC sources with access to personal databases, a close relative on his father's side, [[Nuritdin Mukhitdinov]], fought at the Battle of Stalingrad, led the government of the [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic]] under Khrushchev, later sat on the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and served as Soviet ambassador to [[Syria]].[^4]

Slavros posted his last message on the forum on November 20, 2017, and the forum and the online journal Rope Culture disappeared a few days later. The BBC reported that the two sites sat on different hosting services.[^4] The American writer Andrew Auernheimer (known as weew) suggested in a podcast with a Canadian Iron March administrator using the name Zeiger that Slavros had withdrawn under pressure from the Russian authorities; Zeiger agreed and said Slavros had shared development plans with him days before the closure.[^4] A user calling himself The Eternal Armenian wrote that Slavros had probably been killed by the FSB, and another anonymous user wrote that Slavros had angered the FSB by raising money for the [[Azov Battalion]], a unit designated as a terrorist organization in Russia. The BBC wrote that although the forum had a thread devoted to Azov, it found no confirmation that Slavros collected funds for the battalion; the Azov press secretary did not answer its questions.[^4][^5]

[[Benjamin Raymond]] was, according to the BBC Russian Service, one of the original administrators of Iron March, registered as member number seven (Slavros was number one), and was thanked by Slavros on the last page of his manifesto under the name Benjamin Noyles.[^4] Under that screen name he organized and edited an online journal called ATTACK on the forum, and in 2013 he co-founded National Action with [[Alex Davies]]. He was convicted in 2021 of membership of National Action and sentenced to eight years in prison.[^1] [[Bellingcat]] gives his forum names as "Daddy Terror" or "Benjamin Noyles," and The Ferret refers to him as "Ben Raymond, aka Daddy Terror."[^6][^7] The Latvian news service LSM identified Noyles as an Iron March moderator whose real name is Benjamin Raymond.[^8]

[[John Cartwright II]], who used the username "Blood and Iron," joined Iron March in September 2011 and served as a moderator. An Iron March dossier reported that he was a U.S. Navy member and that he took part in Skype groups with other early members.[^9]

### Atomwaffen Division and Siege

Brandon Russell announced Atomwaffen Division to the forum on October 12, 2015, under the screen name "Odin," and claimed that the group already had about 40 members. Slavros subsequently created a dedicated Atomwaffen thread on Iron March, where much of the group's recruitment took place.[^1] The Program on Extremism at George Washington University dates Russell's first appearance on Iron March to March 2014.[^10] Bellingcat reports that posts and photographs by Russell ("Odin") place him with [[Devon Arthurs]], then 16, in abandoned buildings in April 2015 during the early stage of the group, and with the founder of National Action outside [[Buckingham Palace]] a month later.[^6] The group's ideology drew on Siege and [[accelerationism]].

The [[United States Department of Justice]] announced on January 9, 2018 that Brandon Clint Russell, 22, of [[Tampa, Florida]], had been sentenced by Senior U.S. District Judge Susan Bucklew to five years in federal prison for possessing an unregistered destructive device and for unlawful storage of explosive material. He had pleaded guilty on September 27, 2017. The release describes the Tampa police response to a double homicide on May 19, 2017, at an apartment in the Tampa Palms area where Russell lived with the alleged shooter, Arthurs. It states that, according to Arthurs, the four roommates were active members of the "Atomwaffen," a neo-Nazi group "started and led by Russell." Officers found the explosive HMTD and other precursors in the garage, and Russell admitted that he had manufactured the HMTD and that he was a member of the "Atomwaffen."[^11] The May 2017 killings are covered at [[2017 Tampa Atomwaffen Murders]].

After a six-day trial, a jury found Russell guilty of conspiracy to damage an energy facility in [[Maryland]].[^12] On August 7, 2025, Senior U.S. District Judge James K. Bredar sentenced him, then 30 and of [[Orlando, Florida]], to 20 years in federal prison followed by lifetime supervised release. The conspiracy involved transformers in electrical substations around Baltimore from at least November 2022 until February 3, 2023. His co-conspirator, Sarah Beth Clendaniel, was sentenced to 18 years.[^13]

The [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] Extremist File on James Mason states that since 2015 members of the Iron March forum, hate groups connected to it such as Atomwaffen Division, and their fellow travelers have advocated that Mason's visions in Siege present the only way forward.[^2]

### Organizations Incubated by Iron March

Beyond Atomwaffen Division, the forum directly preceded or supplied founding membership for several other groups. The first successful local group to emerge from Iron March was National Action in the United Kingdom, founded in 2013 by Raymond and Davies.[^1] National Action was added to Schedule 2 of the [[Terrorism Act 2000]] by an order made on December 15, 2016.[^14]

Antipodean Resistance in Australia was incubated on Iron March. [[Julie Nathan]] of the [[Executive Council of Australian Jewry]] wrote that the group began on the forum in February 2016 with a handful of people and, by October 10, 2016, had a name, a logo, and its own sub-forum.[^15] The group was announced on the forum on October 10, 2016, with an instruction to Australian users to contact the handles "Xav" and "Kehlsteinhaus."[^1] Nathan wrote that a member using the handle "Xav" posted the group's catchphrase on the forum.[^15] The White Rose Society identified "Xav" as the Melbourne-based [[Tim Heibach]] from the leaked private messages and account information, after first publishing a different name that it later corrected. It also identified the Iron March user "HalArts" (also "Rusty Sandusky"), who described himself as designing posters for Antipodean Resistance, as [[Nathaniel Anderson]], and the user "VandalNationalist" as [[Jacob Hersant]].[^16]

### The 2019 Database Leak

The Iron March SQL database was posted to the [[Internet Archive]] on November 6, 2019, by a user identifying as "antifa-data."[^3] Bellingcat's how-to guide published the same day states that the Internet Archive has removed the dataset, that the information remained available through [[Distributed Denial of Secrets]], and that the database was also available as a torrent file and a magnet link.[^3]

The leak contained user names, registered email addresses, the IP addresses of users, all public posts, and the private messages between members.[^3] The database is an SQL dump that can be read with MySQL Workbench or DB Browser for SQLite. The torrent also included exported spreadsheets for the main tables, including core_members, core_message_posts, and core_message_topics. Post times are stored as Unix timestamps.[^3] The BBC Russian Service reported that a U.S. site called Jewish Worker turned the leak into a searchable database, and that researchers around the world began identifying users.[^4]

Bellingcat's how-to also observed that a number of users identified themselves as active serving members of Western militaries, especially in the United States. Bellingcat published a list of potential research leads for those users and invited journalists and investigators to follow them up.[^3] [[Gizmodo]] reported on November 8, 2019 that Bellingcat's review found users compiling information on those users in a Google spreadsheet.[^17] Bellingcat's December 19, 2019 analysis published a map of the sign-up IP addresses in the leak and described the majority of users as located in the United States.[^6] [[Lawfare]] reports that Vice and Bellingcat found at least eight members of Iron March and Atomwaffen Division serving in the U.S. military.[^18]

The [[MIT Media Lab]] project "Investigating the Iron March Forums with Computational Tools," active from October 2020 to June 2023, applied network analysis and natural language processing to the forum. Its overview states that the project "provides evidence that extremist groups may start out ideologically centered, but that their growth may be understood as a process of social bonding," and that this "challenges the notion that ideologies themselves need to be challenged in order to curb extremist movements."[^19]

### Forum Statistics

When the forum was shut down in November 2017 it had 1,207 regular users. Of the 183 users who reported their age, the average was 28 and the median was 26. Of the 1,185 accounts that did not appear to hide their IP addresses, at least 73 percent were created in English-speaking countries: 52 percent American, 9 percent United Kingdom, 7 percent Canadian, and 5 percent Australian.[^18] Of the 1,174 users who posted at least once, the top 5 percent of posters (58 users) wrote 54 percent of all public posts.[^18] Those users wrote more than 195,000 public posts and held 4,500 private conversations.[^18]

The user registry shows that 15,218 accounts existed at some point, of which only 1,207 are represented in the account database, which reflects the userbase as it stood when downloaded in late 2017 (banned and deleted accounts were wiped).[^1] The BBC Russian Service put the leak at about 1,200 accounts.[^4] Among non-English-speaking countries, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, and Brazil lead IP registrations.[^1] The SPLC had scraped well over 150,000 of the public posts before the leak.[^3]

### Military and Government Identifications

[[David Cole Tarkington]] used the username "The Yank" on Iron March. Gizmodo reported on March 12, 2020 that his private messages show him as a 15-year-old newcomer in 2013 who became a prolific Atomwaffen recruiter and attempted to enlist at least 12 Iron March members by the end of 2016.[^20] Naval documents cited by Gizmodo place him as an aviation machinist's mate apprentice with [[Strike Fighter Squadron VFA-41]] at [[Naval Air Station Lemoore]], California; he enlisted in the [[U.S. Navy]] in July 2019 and graduated from the Naval Air Technical Training Center in Pensacola, Florida, in December 2019.[^20] Cmdr. Ron Flanders, spokesperson for Naval Air Forces Pacific Fleet, told Gizmodo that the Navy was investigating and that it "would not be appropriate for me to comment on an ongoing investigation," and confirmed that the [[NCIS]] was looking into the matter based on information provided by Gizmodo.[^20] On April 19, 2020, Flanders said of Tarkington's departure that "His separation was administrative in nature."[^21]

[[Travis Frey]] used the username "In Hoc Signo Vinces" on Iron March and joined the forum in 2013. [[Vice News|Vice]] reported in January 2020 that he was a captain at the [[Nevada Southern Detention Center]] in [[Pahrump, Nevada]], an [[ICE]] detention facility operated by [[CoreCivic]].[^22] Vice reported that in June 2017 he wrote on the forum, "I am interested in helping build the Indiana TWP," the [[Traditionalist Workers Party]], and later wrote that he was not a member and had not heard back from the party, and that he posted at least a dozen times between 2016 and 2017 while working as head of security at another CoreCivic facility in [[Indianapolis]].[^23] CoreCivic's director of public affairs, Amanda Gilchrist, said that the employee had been placed on administrative leave while the company reviewed the information that had come to light.[^23] An ICE spokesperson said that ICE holds those working in its facilities to high standards of professional conduct.[^22] On January 10, 2020, Senators [[Catherine Cortez Masto]] and [[Jacky Rosen]] wrote to the [[Department of Homeland Security]] Office of Inspector General requesting an investigation into conditions at the Nevada Southern Detention Center in Pahrump.[^24]

[[Boris Mihajlovic]] was one of the administrators of Iron March and among its most prolific contributors, with nearly 2,500 posts in two years, according to [[CBC News]], which reported on December 4, 2019. He used the alias "Moonlord." In private messages, he claimed to have joined the Calgary chapter of [[Blood and Honour]] in 2012. He joined the [[Canadian Armed Forces]] Naval Reserve in early 2016 and was promoted to leading seaman in April 2018. CBC reported that he worked as a supply technician for [[HMCS Tecumseh]], a naval reserve division in [[Calgary]], and that he told CBC he now rejects those views.[^25] CBC's national investigation found nine users traced to [[Canada]] who claimed to be in the Armed Forces or hoped to join, and it identified the Calgary-linked Moonlord account as particularly active in encouraging other users to join.[^26] The Canadian Armed Forces had issued an internal report the previous summer that found some of its soldiers were members of hate groups, including Atomwaffen Division.[^26]

After a joint Newsy and Bellingcat report, the Navy confirmed that it had an active-duty member in the forum, and the report connected four further users to active-duty military service at the time of their posts.[^27] The Iron March Dossiers identified the user "22goy" as [[Thomas Adam Guba]], an employee of the [[Naval Medical Logistics Command]] in [[Baltimore]], and identified the users "Ozymandias" and "Turok" as [[Van Ramsey Laws-Spencer]], an active-duty Marine stationed at [[Camp Pendleton]], California.[^28][^29]

[[Raivis Zeltits]], secretary general of [[Latvia]]'s [[National Alliance]], was linked by [[LSM]] on November 12, 2019 to the Iron March account "Latvian_Integralist," whose Gmail address carried his name (the party website lists a version of the address with the first and second names transposed). LSM reported that the account's messages included a request to the moderator Benjamin Noyles, signed "Raivis Z," to delete fragments of a quoted letter on party strategy. Asked whether he wrote the messages, Zeltits referred LSM to a Facebook post in which he said he was 20 at the time of the postings and wrote, "I have never concealed that I was more radical in the maximalism of my youth," and "I apologize to those close to me, supporters and to the National Alliance for this shadow."[^8]

[[Benjamin Hannam]], a probationary [[Metropolitan Police Service]] constable who joined the force in 2018, posted on Iron March under the name "Anglisc." Counter-terrorism detectives found his involvement in February 2020 after the leak, and he was arrested the following month.[^30] He was found guilty at the [[Old Bailey]] on April 1, 2021 of membership of National Action, fraud by false representation (lying on his application and vetting forms), and possession of terrorist documents (a knife-fighting guide and an explosives guide), and was reported to be the first serving British police officer convicted of a terrorism offence.[^30][^31] Jenny Hopkins, head of the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] Special Crime and Counter Terrorism Division, said: "Benjamin Hannam lied on his police application and vetting forms in an attempt to hide his dangerous and racist beliefs."[^32] He had separately admitted possessing an indecent image of a child. On April 30, 2021, Judge Anthony Leonard sentenced him to four years and four months in custody with a further year on extended licence, telling him: "I consider what you did to be very serious and you have harmed public trust in the police by your deceit." The Metropolitan Police had dismissed him for gross misconduct.[^31] Police Professional reported, from the prosecution case, that he signed up to Iron March in March 2016 when he joined the London branch of National Action and later tried to recruit a new member through the forum.[^31]

[[Nicholas Waugh]], a Scottish businessman who used the username "HaggiSS," was identified in a joint investigation with the [[Daily Record]] and [[The Ferret]]. The Ferret reported that he was involved with [[Scottish Dawn]] and promoted both National Action and Scottish Dawn online under that pseudonym.[^7] The Ferret reported that on October 14, 2014 he wrote to National Action founder Ben Raymond, "aka Daddy Terror," asking for "a few bundles of stickers," and that he messaged fascists in Lithuania, Bulgaria and Australia to build international links and encouraged people to attend demonstrations in the UK. The Ferret wrote that Waugh "appears to have been a leading figure with National Action before it was banned" and that "There is no suggestion he is currently involved."[^7]

### Platform Response

In December 2019, [[Airbnb]] told Gizmodo that it had banned more than 60 users of Iron March. It said that it identified the accounts through its normal identity-verification system and that all the Iron March users it found on the platform appeared to have been guests rather than hosts.[^33]

### Government Designations

In the United Kingdom, [[Sonnenkrieg Division]] was proscribed by orders the Home Secretary laid in Parliament on February 24, 2020, which also recognized System Resistance Network as an alias of the already proscribed National Action.[^34] A 2021 order added "Atomwaffen Division (AWD), including National Socialist Order (NSO)" to Schedule 2 of the Terrorism Act 2000, after the entry for [[Feuerkrieg Division]]. The order was made on April 22, 2021.[^35]

In Canada, Atomwaffen Division was among 13 groups added to the list of terrorist entities in a February 3, 2021 release from [[Public Safety Canada]]. The release placed it in the ideologically motivated violent extremist category, alongside [[The Base]], the [[Proud Boys]], and the [[Russian Imperial Movement]].[^36]

Australia's register of listed terrorist organisations shows Sonnenkrieg Division listed on August 12, 2021, The Base on December 10, 2021, National Socialist Order (NSO) on February 18, 2022, and Terrorgram on June 27, 2025.[^37] The Minister for Home Affairs' release of February 17, 2022 stated that the government had listed the National Socialist Order, "formerly known as Atomwaffen Division," with effect immediately, and described it as "a nationalist and racist violent extremist group based in the United States."[^38] The [[United States Department of State]] list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations, as retrieved on October 7, 2026, contains no entry for Atomwaffen Division or the National Socialist Order.[^39]

### Successor Forums

[[Fascist Forge]] was launched in April 2018 according to Vice, which reported that the founder, using the name "Mathias," wrote shortly after launch that the site aimed to fill the void left by the takedown of Iron March and to "continue where they left off."[^40] The [[Anti-Defamation League]] dates the launch to May 2018, and describes the forum as modeled on Iron March. Quoting the founder, the ADL reports that his "only desire for this site is to remain faithful to the message and worldview laid out by Slavros/Ironmarch."[^41] Vice reported on February 15, 2019 that the site's registrar had placed it in "clientHold" status on February 12, which prevents the domain from resolving, and a DreamHost spokesperson, Brett Dunst, confirmed that DreamHost had placed that status but said it could not comment on why.[^40]

Fascist Forge separated itself from other sites with a mandatory entrance exam in which new recruits were pressured into writing 26 essay questions drawing on radicalization texts by the founder of the [[American Nazi Party]] and others.[^40] The BBC Russian Service reported that Fascist Forge had a section devoted to Slavros.[^4] The Combating Terrorism Center reports that after Iron March went offline the network's online propaganda infrastructure migrated to Telegram.[^1]

### Footnotes

[^1]: Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. "The Iron March Forum and the Evolution of the 'Skull Mask' Neo-Fascist Network." https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-iron-march-forum-and-the-evolution-of-the-skull-mask-neo-fascist-network/
[^2]: Southern Poverty Law Center. "James Mason," Extremist Files. https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/james-mason
[^3]: Bellingcat. "Massive White Supremacist Message Board Leak: How to Access and Interpret the Data." November 6, 2019. https://www.bellingcat.com/resources/how-tos/2019/11/06/massive-white-supremacist-message-board-leak-how-to-access-and-interpret-the-data/
[^4]: BBC News Russian Service. Andrei Soshnikov, "'Наполовину русский': история москвича Алишера Мухитдинова и его глобальной фашистской сети" (in Russian), January 30, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-51301305 The relative's career is attributed there to two BBC sources with access to personal databases.
[^5]: Meduza. "How a Moscow man from an Uzbek family started the world's biggest neo-Nazi forum." February 4, 2020. https://meduza.io/en/feature/2020/02/04/how-a-moscow-man-from-an-uzbek-family-started-the-world-s-biggest-neo-nazi-forum
[^6]: Bellingcat. "Transnational White Terror: Exposing Atomwaffen And The Iron March Networks." December 19, 2019. https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2019/12/19/transnational-white-terror-exposing-atomwaffen-and-the-iron-march-networks/
[^7]: The Ferret. "Named: the Scots businessman linked to neo-Nazi groups." https://www.theferret.scot/neo-nazi-haggiss-iron-march/
[^8]: LSM (Latvian Public Broadcasting). Report on the Iron March account "Latvian_Integralist." November 12, 2019. https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/politics/senior-national-alliance-figure-apologises-for-cloud-of-far-right-messages.a338044/
[^9]: Iron March Dossiers. "John Cartwright II, aka Blood and Iron, Moderator of Neo-Nazi Forum Iron March." March 13, 2020. https://ironmarch.noblogs.org/post/2020/03/13/john-cartwright-ii-moderator-of-neo-nazi-forum-iron-march/
[^10]: George Washington University Program on Extremism. "Atomwaffen Division (AWD)." https://extremism.gwu.edu/node/5386
[^11]: United States Department of Justice. "Neo-Nazi Leader Sentenced to Five Years in Federal Prison for Explosives Charges." Office of Public Affairs, January 9, 2018. https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/neo-nazi-leader-sentenced-five-years-federal-prison-explosives-charges (archived copy: https://web.archive.org/web/2018id_/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/neo-nazi-leader-sentenced-five-years-federal-prison-explosives-charges)
[^12]: Maryland Coordination and Analysis Center, reproducing the United States Department of Justice release "White Supremacist Leader Found Guilty of Conspiring to Destroy Regional Power Grid." https://mcac.maryland.gov/?p=7387 (original: https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/white-supremacist-leader-found-guilty-conspiring-destroy-regional-power-grid)
[^13]: United States Attorney's Office for the District of Maryland. "Florida Man Sentenced to 20 Years for Conspiring to Destroy Baltimore Region Power Grid." August 7, 2025. https://www.justice.gov/usao-md/pr/florida-man-sentenced-20-years-conspiring-destroy-baltimore-region-power-grid
[^14]: The Terrorism Act 2000 (Proscribed Organisations) (Amendment) (No. 3) Order 2016, SI 2016/1238, made December 15, 2016. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/1238/made
[^15]: Nathan, Julie. "Antipodean Resistance: The Rise and Goals of Australia's New Nazis." Executive Council of Australian Jewry. https://www.ecaj.org.au/julie-nathans-latest-on-antipodean-resistance-australias-new-nazis/
[^16]: The White Rose Society. "Antipodean Resistance and the Lads Society." https://thewhiterosesociety.writeas.com/antipodean-resistance-and-the-lads-society
[^17]: Gizmodo. Tom McKay, "Neo-Nazi Web Forum Iron March Has SQL Database Dumped on the Internet Archive." November 8, 2019. https://gizmodo.com/neo-nazi-web-forum-iron-march-has-sql-database-dumped-o-1839721580
[^18]: Lawfare. "The Iron March Data Dump Provides a Window Into How White Supremacists Communicate and Recruit." https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/iron-march-data-dump-provides-window-how-white-supremacists-communicate-and-recruit
[^19]: MIT Media Lab. "Investigating the Iron March Forums with Computational Tools: Far-Right Forum Network and LDA Analysis." Project overview, October 2020 to June 2023. https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/investigating-the-iron-march-forums-with-computational-tools-far-right-forum-network-and-lda-analysis/overview/
[^20]: Gizmodo. "Leak Exposes U.S. Navy Sailor as Once-Prolific Recruiter for Neo-Nazi Group." March 12, 2020. https://gizmodo.com/leak-exposes-u-s-navy-sailor-as-once-prolific-recruite-1841149776
[^21]: Military.com. "Navy Boots Sailor who Allegedly Served as Recruiter for Neo-Nazi Group." April 19, 2020. https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/04/19/navy-boots-sailor-who-allegedly-served-recruiter-neo-nazi-group.html
[^22]: Vice. "ICE Detention Center Captain Was on a Neo-Nazi Website and Wanted to Start a White Nationalist Group." January 6, 2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/ice-detention-center-captain-was-on-a-neo-nazi-website-and-wanted-to-start-a-white-nationalist-group/
[^23]: Vice. "ICE Detention Center Captain With Neo-Nazi Ties Was Just Placed on Leave." January 7, 2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/ice-detention-center-captain-with-neo-nazi-ties-was-just-placed-on-leave/
[^24]: Cortez Masto, Catherine, and Jacky Rosen. "Cortez Masto, Rosen Call for Investigation into Conditions at ICE Detention Center in Pahrump." Press release, January 10, 2020. https://www.cortezmasto.senate.gov/?p=41080
[^25]: CBC News. "Navy investigating reservist who encouraged fellow members of neo-Nazi web forum to enlist." December 4, 2019. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/navy-reservist-iron-march-data-1.5382424
[^26]: CBC News. "Leak of thousands of posts from defunct neo-Nazi forum offers clues to identify Canadian members." 2019. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/iron-march-message-board-canadian-forces-1.5353201
[^27]: Scripps News (Newsy) with Bellingcat. "We found more active duty military in leaked neo-Nazi forum." https://www.scrippsnews.com/us-news/military/we-found-more-active-duty-military-in-leaked-neo-nazi-forum
[^28]: Iron March Dossiers. "Thomas Adam Guba: Samuel Shapiro, Naval Medical Logistics Command Employee and Fascist Iron March User." February 27, 2020. https://ironmarch.noblogs.org/post/2020/02/27/thomas-adam-guba-naval-medical-logistics-command-member-and-fascist-iron-march-user/
[^29]: Iron March Dossiers. "Van Ramsey Laws-Spencer: Neo-Nazi Organizer on Iron March and Active Marine." March 4, 2020. https://ironmarch.noblogs.org/post/2020/03/04/van-ramsey-lawsspencer-neo-nazi-organizer-on-iron-march-and-active-marine/
[^30]: Reuters, "British police officer convicted of belonging to neo-Nazi group," published by Cyprus Mail, April 1, 2021. https://cyprus-mail.com/2021/04/01/british-police-officer-convicted-of-belonging-to-neo-nazi-group
[^31]: Police Professional. "Neo-Nazi police officer jailed for four years." April 30, 2021. https://policeprofessional.com/?p=132121
[^32]: Reuters, "UK ex-police officer jailed for belonging to neo-Nazi group," published by The Business Standard, April 30, 2021. https://www.tbsnews.net/node/239737
[^33]: Gizmodo. "Airbnb Bans Over 60 White Supremacists After Iron March Forum Database Leak." December 13, 2019. https://gizmodo.com/airbnb-bans-over-60-white-supremacists-after-iron-march-1840420392
[^34]: GOV.UK. "Government takes action to proscribe right-wing terrorist groups." February 24, 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-takes-action-to-proscribe-right-wing-terrorist-groups
[^35]: The Terrorism Act 2000 (Proscribed Organisations) (Amendment) Order 2021, SI 2021/501, made April 22, 2021. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2021/501/made
[^36]: Public Safety Canada. "Government of Canada lists 13 new groups as terrorist entities and completes review of seven others." February 3, 2021. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-safety-canada/news/2021/02/government-of-canada-lists-13-new-groups-as-terrorist-entities-and-completes-review-of-seven-others.html
[^37]: Australian Government, National Security. Register of listed terrorist organisations. https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/what-australia-is-doing/terrorist-organisations/listed-terrorist-organisations Retrieved October 7, 2026.
[^38]: Australian Government, Minister for Home Affairs. "Eight terrorist organisations to be listed under the criminal code." Media release, February 17, 2022. https://minister.homeaffairs.gov.au/KarenAndrews/Pages/eight-terrorist-organisations-to-be-listed-under-the-criminal-code.aspx
[^39]: United States Department of State. Foreign Terrorist Organizations list. https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/ Retrieved October 7, 2026.
[^40]: Vice. "Fascist Forge, the Online Neo-Nazi Recruitment Forum, Is Down." February 15, 2019. https://www.vice.com/en/article/43zn8j/fascist-forge-the-online-neo-nazi-recruitment-forum-is-down
[^41]: Anti-Defamation League. "Fascist Forge: A New Forum for Hate." https://www.adl.org/resources/article/fascist-forge-new-forum-hate