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aliases category start location tags summary updated relations
Newsweek
News-Week
Newsweek Media Group
Newsweek magazine
Private Organization 1933 New York City, USA
Organization
Media
Magazine
CIAMediaRelations
ContraWar
IranContra
DarkAlliance
NewsweekQuranStory
American news weekly founded in 1933, owned by the Washington Post Company from 1961 to 2010, whose staff and stringers appear in Carl Bernstein's 1977 account of CIA press relations. 2026-10-26
type with reverse start end fn
owned Vincent Astor true 1937 1959 4
type with reverse start end fn
owned Washington Post true 1961 2010-09-30 6
type with reverse start fn
owned Sidney Harman true 2010-09-30 9
type with reverse start fn
owned IBT Media true 2013 28
type with reverse fn
funded Averell Harriman true 6
type with reverse role start end fn
employed_by Malcolm Muir true editor 1937 1961 5
type with reverse role start end fn
employed_by Harry Kern true foreign editor 1945 1956 23
type with reverse role start end fn
employed_by Ernest K. Lindley true Washington bureau chief 1945 1961 23
type with reverse role start fn
employed_by Osborn Elliott true editor 1961 6
type with reverse role start fn
employed_by Arnaud de Borchgrave true Paris bureau chief, later chief foreign correspondent 1951 27
type with reverse role fn
employed_by Mark Whitaker true editor 41
type with reverse start end fn
investigated Manhattan District Attorney's Office true 2018-01 2020-02 28
type with role start fn
participant_in Iran-Contra affair published the May 5, 1987 profile of Richard Secord, the first witness before the joint committees 1987-05-05 34
type with reverse role fn
director_of E. Roland Harriman true Director, per Antony C. Sutton (1976); no dates given 45

Newsweek is an American news weekly, founded in 1933 as News-Week and owned from 1961 to 2010 by the Washington Post Company. Its staff and stringers appear in the 1977 Rolling Stone account of CIA press relations by Carl Bernstein, and it reported on the Contras and the Iran-Contra affair. It covered the Dark Alliance story, calling it a powerful series.1

Founding, Today and the Astor years

The masthead of the July 29, 1933 issue (volume 1, number 24) lists T. J. C. Martyn as president and treasurer and Samuel T. Williamson as editor, with editorial offices at Rockefeller Center in New York and a publication office in Dayton, Ohio.2 On September 11, 1933 Time reported that Vincent Astor and Averell Harriman had announced details of a separate weekly, Today, to be edited by Raymond Moley, whose resignation from Franklin D. Roosevelt's Brain Trust had just been explained on the ground that he would edit it. The magazine was to run 24 pages on newsprint at five cents. Moley said: "In no sense will it be an Administration organ or a party organ."3

Time wrote in 1961 that when Astor "got control in 1937" Newsweek had reached a circulation of 250,000 but had cost its original investors $2,250,000 in four years. Astor died in 1959 and left his controlling 60 percent of the stock, 177,200 shares, to the Vincent Astor Foundation, a trust he established in 1948.4 Bernstein dates Malcolm Muir's tenure as editor to the magazine's founding in 1937 and places it until the sale to the Washington Post Company in 1961.5 In Time's account of the sale, Muir was board chairman and John Denson was the editor who resigned a month before the sale to join the New York Herald Tribune.6

Antony C. Sutton wrote in 1976 that E. Roland Harriman was a director of Newsweek magazine, without giving dates. The statement appears in a list of his later positions that also named the Union Pacific Railroad chairmanship (held 1946 to 1969, according to the company's annual reports), a seat on the board of governors of the American Red Cross (which he headed from 1950 to 1973) and membership of the American Museum of Natural History.7

Sale to the Washington Post Company, 1961

In January 1961 Time reported that the Astor Foundation was asking $8,000,000 for its stock. The publisher Samuel Newhouse had offered more than market value and was rejected, reportedly on the insistence of Astor's widow, Brooke Astor, who sat on the Newsweek and Foundation boards. The Meredith Publishing Company approached and withdrew. Muir said a management group was negotiating to buy the majority interest.4

On March 17, 1961 Time reported that Philip Graham, president of the Washington Post and Times Herald, had taken control by writing a check for $8,985,000 for the block of about 59 percent. His offer of $50 a share was $5 above Muir's best. Graham learned that the magazine was available from the investment banker Charles Spalding, a friend of John F. Kennedy. He sent the Post's managing editor, Alfred Friendly, to Rome to secure a pledge from Harriman, then a roving ambassador and, in Time's words, "an early Newsweek backer," to sell Harriman's 13 percent holding. One third of the purchase money was borrowed from a New York insurance company. Osborn Elliott became editor in place of Denson, and Muir became chairman of the executive committee.6

Bernstein wrote that when Newsweek was purchased by the Washington Post Company, Graham "was informed by Agency officials that the CIA occasionally used the magazine for cover purposes, according to CIA sources." A former deputy director of the Agency told Bernstein: "It was widely known that Phil Graham was somebody you could get help from... Frank Wisner dealt with him." Bernstein described Frank Wisner as the Agency's orchestrator of "black" operations and Graham as probably Wisner's closest friend. He wrote that Graham, who died in 1963, "apparently knew little of the specifics of any cover arrangements with Newsweek, CIA sources said."8 Katharine Graham, who succeeded him as publisher, told Bernstein she had never been informed of any CIA relationship with Post or Newsweek personnel. In November 1973 she called William Colby to ask whether any Post stringers or staff members were associated with the CIA. Colby told her that no staff members were employed by the Agency but refused to discuss stringers.9

On August 2, 2010 the Washington Post Company announced a contract to sell Newsweek to Sidney Harman. The company said the terms of the asset purchase agreement were not announced and that it retained the pension assets and liabilities and certain employee obligations arising before the sale.10 The sale closed on September 30, 2010. The buyer, Harman Media, LLC, assumed Newsweek's subscription obligations and received its intellectual property, target working capital and selected equipment.11 The Post Company recorded an after-tax loss of $11.5 million on the transaction, reported in discontinued operations.12 The annual report for 2010 gives the same loss.13

CIA relations, from the Church Committee to Bernstein

The Church Committee, in its final report of April 1976, stated that "the CIA maintained covert relationships with about 50 American journalists or employees of U.S. media organizations."14 It recorded that George H.W. Bush, as the new director, pledged that the agency "will not enter into any paid or contractual relationship with any full-time or part-time news correspondent accredited by any United States news service, newspaper, periodical, radio or television network or station."14 The committee found that, as of February 1976, its first category, paid undercover contacts on the staff of general-circulation news organizations, "appears to be virtually phased out," and that only two current relationships fit it, both being terminated under the policy the CIA announced on February 11, 1976.15 The third and largest category, as the report describes it, included free-lance journalists and "stringers" for newspapers, news magazines and news services, most paid by the CIA, virtually all of them witting, and few of the news organizations aware of the relationships.16 From CIA testimony later that month the committee learned that the prohibition extends to non-Americans accredited to U.S. media organizations, and that it does not cover "unaccredited" Americans serving in U.S. media organizations or free-lance writers.17

The committee also cited a Newsweek report. Its footnote gives "Newsweek, 5/19/75, pp. 25-28," for the disclosure that two Boston lawyers had a relationship with the CIA in setting up proprietaries, and quotes an Agency commentator on the proprietaries' utility after that disclosure.18

Bernstein's article, published in Rolling Stone on October 20, 1977, drew on CIA and Senate sources. It said Agency sources listed Newsweek among the organizations that cooperated with the CIA, alongside the American Broadcasting Company, the National Broadcasting Company, the Associated Press and Reuters.19 Bernstein wrote that, according to CIA and Senate sources, Agency files contain written agreements with former foreign correspondents and stringers for both Time and Newsweek.20 Of Newsweek specifically, he wrote that "the CIA engaged the services of several foreign correspondents and stringers under arrangements approved by senior editors at the magazine," and that Newsweek's stringer in Rome in the mid-1950s "made little secret of the fact that he worked for the CIA."20 He reported that in 1965 and 1966 an accredited Newsweek stringer in the Far East was in fact a CIA contract employee earning an annual salary of $10,000, according to Robert T. Wood, then a CIA officer in the Hong Kong station, and that some Newsweek correspondents and stringers continued to maintain covert ties with the Agency into the 1970s, according to CIA sources.21 CIA officials insisted to Bernstein that a Soviet charge of CIA affiliation against Christopher Wren of the New York Times and Alfred Friendly Jr., formerly of Newsweek, had no basis in fact.22

According to Senate sources and CIA officials, the Agency in the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s concentrated its relationships with journalists in the most prominent sectors of the American press, including "the two major newsweekly magazines."23

Staff with intelligence contacts

Muir told Bernstein that his dealings with the Central Intelligence Agency were limited to private briefings he gave Allen Dulles after trips abroad and to arrangements he approved for regular debriefing of Newsweek correspondents. He said he had never provided cover for CIA operatives, but that others high in the organization might have done so without his knowledge. He said of the period: "I do think in those days the CIA kept pretty close touch with all responsible reporters." He added that Dulles "appointed one of his CIA men to keep in regular contact with our reporters."24 Muir said Harry Kern, Newsweek's foreign editor from 1945 until 1956, and Ernest K. Lindley, the magazine's Washington bureau chief in the same period, "regularly checked in with various fellows in the CIA."24

Kern said: "To the best of my knowledge, nobody at Newsweek worked for the CIA... The informal relationship was there. Why have anybody sign anything? What we knew we told them [the CIA] and the State Department." CIA officials told Bernstein that Kern's dealings with the Agency were extensive. Kern left Newsweek in 1956 to run Foreign Reports, a Washington newsletter whose subscribers he declined to identify.25 Lindley told Bernstein he regularly consulted Dulles and other senior CIA officials before going abroad and briefed them on his return. He remained at Newsweek until 1961.26

The historian Howard Schonberger wrote that Kern, as foreign affairs editor, was the most notable of the conservative critics of the occupation reforms in Japan, and that with the help of Secretary of Commerce W. Averell Harriman and others in the Truman administration, Kern and the American Council on Japan became the catalyst for a shift in American policy away from democratic reform. Schonberger wrote that Allen Dulles, on becoming director of the CIA in 1953, sought a recruiting and cover capability within leading journalistic institutions and turned to Newsweek among others; that The New York Times reported Newsweek's Tokyo bureau in the 1950s contained at least four CIA employees; and that Kern moved in and out of Japan consulting a succession of prime ministers and by 1952 had formed a friendship with Nobusuke Kishi, held three years in Sugamo prison as a suspected Class A war criminal. Schonberger quotes Kern telling Bernstein: "When I went to Washington I would talk to Foster or Allen Dulles about what was going on.... We thought it was admirable at the time. We were all on the same side."27

Bernstein wrote that about a dozen columnists and broadcast commentators were regarded at the Agency as "known assets." He named Stewart Alsop, whose column appeared in Newsweek among other publications, as one of three columnists with such ties, and wrote that CIA files contain reports of specific tasks all three undertook.28

Arnaud de Borchgrave became Newsweek's Paris bureau chief in 1951 and went on to a career as a roving correspondent. A Washington Times obituary of February 2015 describes him as the magazine's chief foreign correspondent for 25 years and quotes Osborn Elliott, onetime editor of Newsweek: "de Borchgrave has played a role in world affairs known to no other journalist." He became editor in chief of the Washington Times in 1985 and in January 1999 president and chief executive officer of United Press International.2930

IBT Media and the Manhattan District Attorney

IBT Media bought Newsweek in 2013. In 2017 the company changed its name to Newsweek Media Group.31 In January 2018 investigators from the Manhattan District Attorney's Office raided IBT's Manhattan offices, and the New York Post reported that the office's cybercrimes unit was examining a possible money trail between Olivet University and executives at Newsweek Media Group.3132

On October 10, 2018 a Manhattan indictment was unsealed naming IBT Media, Christian Media, IBT co-founder Etienne Uzac, Christian Media's former chief executive William Anderson and Oikos Networks. As reported at the time, the charges were that the defendants tried to defraud lenders by pretending to borrow money for computing services and moved most of the money to accounts controlled by the two media companies and their principals. The indictment alleged a fictitious accounting firm, Karen Smith LLP, and fake financial statements that induced lenders to put up millions of dollars in 2015 and 2016, and that some of the money covered the magazine's operating expenses.31 Uzac's lawyer, Marc Agnifilo, said his client "strongly denies these baseless charges." Anderson's lawyer, Andrew Lanker, denied that his client had engaged in wrongdoing. Uzac attributed the prosecution to retaliation by the district attorney, Cyrus Vance Jr., for the magazine's reporting on a campaign contribution to Vance from the lawyer for Harvey Weinstein.31

Top editors and reporters at Newsweek were fired after they began examining the company's accounts and "the owners' connections to Olivet University, an evangelical Christian college in New York."31

In December 2018 the district attorney announced a superseding indictment that added Olivet University, its board chairman Andrew Lin, its finance director and business school dean John Xiao, and Anderson, charging them with "fraudulently obtaining at least $25 million in financing under Olivet's name, and laundering the money in order to obscure its origins and fund Olivet's operations." The indictment ran to 16 counts, including scheme to defraud, conspiracy, money laundering, falsification of business records and criminal contempt. Vance said that "after unmasking the scheme to keep Newsweek and Christian Media Corporation afloat," his office's Major Economic Crimes Bureau "skillfully followed the money, revealing an even larger scheme to defraud lenders throughout the country." Olivet, a Christian university based in San Francisco with a campus at the former Harlem Valley Psychiatric Center in Dover, New York, denied the charges and said that the lenders had suffered no loss.33

In February 2020 Anderson and Uzac each pleaded guilty to one felony count of money laundering in the second degree and one of scheme to defraud in the first degree. The district attorney said the funds were not used to buy computer equipment and that most were used to buy land in New York and California and to fund day-to-day operations. On February 20, 2020 Olivet pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy and falsifying business records and agreed to forfeit $1.25 million over two years, and Lin pleaded guilty to scheme to defraud. If the obligations were met Olivet could re-plead to a misdemeanor and receive a conditional discharge.34

Contra and Iran-Contra coverage

Newsweek's issue of November 8, 1982, pages 42 to 53, headed "A Secret War for Nicaragua," is cited in the congressional Iran-Contra report for the statement that in late 1982 the American press began to report accounts of the Administration's "secret war" in Nicaragua, immediately before the account of Representative Tom Harkin's December 8, 1982 amendment.35

A note of January 4, 1986 by Charles Hill, an aide to George Shultz, records John Poindexter saying that Amiram Nir had come to see him to revive the hostage idea. The note states that Newsweek had the McFarlane-Kimche meetings but did not run them, and adds: "Kimche seems to have leaked it deliberately."36

On May 5, 1987, Newsweek published a profile of retired major general Richard Secord, the first witness before the joint House and Senate committees. The article described the contra arms-supply effort as one that "began in 1984, long before the first arms-for-hostages swap with Iran was contemplated." Others on the committee, the article reported, said Secord might implicate President Reagan as an enthusiastic cheerleader.37 It quoted committee chairman Daniel Inouye: "The general feels sincerely that he has nothing to hide and that he has done nothing wrong."38

Other reporting

Michael Isikoff reported on April 15, 2003 that a trio of lawyers from Baker Botts had filed a motion for Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz, the Saudi defense minister, in the September 11 families' suit, arguing that he was immune.39 Ronen Bergman wrote in the December 13, 2010 issue that in June 1980 Mossad agents unexpectedly spotted Egyptian nuclear expert Yahya El Mashad at a Paris hotel, had orders to kill him on sight, and, caught without weapons, broke into his room and clubbed him to death.40 Nicholas Schou's 2016 interview with Dewey Clarridge reported that the Contra force, assembled and trained by Argentina's military government, came to Clarridge almost immediately after he became the CIA's Latin America director.41 Brad Stone's July 2001 article on PayPal's anti-fraud unit reported that its 75-member team "now regularly works with law enforcement."42 In August 1994 Newsweek reported that experts from the FBI Counter-Terrorism Center secretly met in Arlington, Virginia, with Igor Smirnov, whose plan was "piping subliminal messages from sect members' families through the phone lines during negotiations."43

The 2005 Quran story

Newsweek's May 9, 2005 issue carried a half-page item reporting, as NPR summarized it, that an internal Defense Department investigation corroborated FBI e-mails saying that U.S. military personnel had desecrated the Quran to get detainees to talk. The item alleged that interrogators at Guantanamo Bay detention camp put a copy of the Quran into a toilet. Editor Mark Whitaker said: "This was a 10-sentence item." Riots followed in Afghanistan and other countries; NPR reported that fifteen people died, and Reuters reported sixteen killed in Afghanistan.4445

The Pentagon's chief spokesman, Lawrence Di Rita, said the Defense Department went to the FBI e-mails and to the ongoing investigation into them and "weren't able to establish that this allegation surfaced in either of those areas." On Sunday, May 15, Newsweek apologized, saying in part: "We regret that we got any part of our story wrong." On Monday, May 16, as the White House, the Pentagon and the State Department criticized the report, Whitaker told journalists that the magazine was retracting the story. The one-sentence statement read: "Based on what we know now, we are retracting our original story that an internal military investigation had uncovered Koran abuse at Guantanamo Bay."4445 White House spokesman Scott McClellan called the retraction "a good first step" and said: "We encourage Newsweek to now work diligently to help undo what damage can be undone." Pentagon spokesman Bryan Whitman said the allegation was "demonstrably false" and that there had been "no credible allegations of willful Quran desecration."45

Newsweek's May 23 edition said the original information came from a "knowledgeable government source," who said a military report had found that interrogators flushed at least one copy of the Quran down a toilet. The magazine said the source later told it he could not be certain he had seen an account of the Quran incident in the military report, and that it might have been in other investigative documents or drafts.45 Whitaker said that before publication Newsweek showed the story to a Pentagon official who apparently raised no issue with the detail about the Quran. The NPR program's host, introducing the segment, said: "There have been several such allegations."44

Dark Alliance and the Casey leak

According to Gary Webb's account, William J. Casey himself leaked news of the Contra project to Newsweek because he wanted to ensure the project did not get shelved. Once it became public knowledge that the Reagan administration was helping the Contras, Webb wrote, stopping it would look like a sellout, another Bay of Pigs. Webb presented the leak to Newsweek as an illustration of how the CIA used the media to build political support for its covert operations and to box in congressional opponents.1

Footnotes

  1. Webb, Gary. Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion. Seven Stories Press, 1998. Ch. 6. ↩︎

  2. News-Week, vol. 1, no. 24, July 29, 1933, masthead (Martyn, president and treasurer; Samuel T. Williamson, editor). https://archive.org/details/sim_newsweek-us_1933-07-29_1_24 ↩︎

  3. "Press: Today," Time, September 11, 1933. https://time.com/archive/6751591/press-today/ ↩︎

  4. "The Press: Magazine for Sale," Time, January 27, 1961. https://time.com/archive/6622956/the-press-magazine-for-sale/ ↩︎

  5. Bernstein, Carl. "The CIA and the Media," Rolling Stone, October 20, 1977, section on Time and Newsweek magazines (Muir's tenure). https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.carlbernstein.com/magazine_cia_and_media.php ↩︎

  6. "The Press: Newsweek's News," Time, March 17, 1961. https://time.com/archive/6829457/the-press-newsweeks-news/ ↩︎

  7. Antony C. Sutton, Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler (1976), pp. 106 to 107. ↩︎

  8. Bernstein, Carl. "The CIA and the Media," Rolling Stone, October 20, 1977, section on Time and Newsweek magazines (Graham, Wisner and the purchase by the Post Company). https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.carlbernstein.com/magazine_cia_and_media.php ↩︎

  9. Bernstein, Carl. "The CIA and the Media," Rolling Stone, October 20, 1977, section on the Washington Post Company (Katharine Graham and Colby, November 1973). https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.carlbernstein.com/magazine_cia_and_media.php ↩︎

  10. The Washington Post Company, press release, "Dr. Sidney Harman to Purchase Newsweek from The Washington Post Company," August 2, 2010. Business Wire copy: https://www.p2012.org/media/wp080210pr.html. ↩︎

  11. The Washington Post Company, Form 8-K, filed October 6, 2010, Item 2.01. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104889/000119312510224885/d8k.htm. ↩︎

  12. The Washington Post Company, Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 3, 2010, Note 2 (Discontinued Operations), filed November 10, 2010. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104889/000119312510255855/d10q.htm. ↩︎

  13. The Washington Post Company, Form 10-K for fiscal 2010, filed March 2, 2011, note on discontinued operations. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104889/000119312511053497/d10k.htm. ↩︎

  14. U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence, S. Rept. 94-755, April 26, 1976, p. 192, "B. Covert Relationships With the United States Media." https://archive.org/download/finalreportofsel01unit/finalreportofsel01unit_djvu.txt ↩︎

  15. U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence, S. Rept. 94-755, April 26, 1976, pp. 195-196 (first category; two current relationships). https://archive.org/download/finalreportofsel01unit/finalreportofsel01unit_djvu.txt ↩︎

  16. U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence, S. Rept. 94-755, April 26, 1976, p. 196 (third category of relationships). https://archive.org/download/finalreportofsel01unit/finalreportofsel01unit_djvu.txt ↩︎

  17. U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence, S. Rept. 94-755, April 26, 1976, p. 197 (CIA public statement of February 11, 1976, and later CIA testimony). https://archive.org/download/finalreportofsel01unit/finalreportofsel01unit_djvu.txt ↩︎

  18. U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence, S. Rept. 94-755, April 26, 1976, p. 212, text and footnote "Newsweek, 5/19/75, pp. 25-28." https://archive.org/download/finalreportofsel01unit/finalreportofsel01unit_djvu.txt ↩︎

  19. Bernstein, Carl. "The CIA and the Media," Rolling Stone, October 20, 1977, section on the executives and organizations that cooperated with the Agency. https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.carlbernstein.com/magazine_cia_and_media.php ↩︎

  20. Bernstein, Carl. "The CIA and the Media," Rolling Stone, October 20, 1977, section on Time and Newsweek magazines (written agreements; Newsweek stringers). https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.carlbernstein.com/magazine_cia_and_media.php ↩︎

  21. Bernstein, Carl. "The CIA and the Media," Rolling Stone, October 20, 1977, section on Time and Newsweek magazines (Robert T. Wood account; stringers into the 1970s). https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.carlbernstein.com/magazine_cia_and_media.php ↩︎

  22. Bernstein, Carl. "The CIA and the Media," Rolling Stone, October 20, 1977, section on the Soviet charges against American reporters. https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.carlbernstein.com/magazine_cia_and_media.php ↩︎

  23. Bernstein, Carl. "The CIA and the Media," Rolling Stone, October 20, 1977, section on the twenty-five files returned to the Senate. https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.carlbernstein.com/magazine_cia_and_media.php ↩︎

  24. Bernstein, Carl. "The CIA and the Media," Rolling Stone, October 20, 1977, section on Time and Newsweek magazines (Muir interview). https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.carlbernstein.com/magazine_cia_and_media.php ↩︎

  25. Bernstein, Carl. "The CIA and the Media," Rolling Stone, October 20, 1977, section on Time and Newsweek magazines (Harry Kern and Foreign Reports). https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.carlbernstein.com/magazine_cia_and_media.php ↩︎

  26. Bernstein, Carl. "The CIA and the Media," Rolling Stone, October 20, 1977, section on Time and Newsweek magazines (Ernest Lindley). https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.carlbernstein.com/magazine_cia_and_media.php ↩︎

  27. Howard B. Schonberger, Aftermath of War: Americans and the Remaking of Japan, 1945-1952 (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1989), pp. 7, 135, 157-158. https://archive.org/details/aftermathofwaram0000scho ↩︎

  28. Bernstein, Carl. "The CIA and the Media," Rolling Stone, October 20, 1977, section on columnists and commentators ("known assets"). https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.carlbernstein.com/magazine_cia_and_media.php ↩︎

  29. Outside the Beltway, "Arnaud de Borchgrave Dead at 88," February 16, 2015, reproducing the Washington Post and Washington Times obituaries of February 15-16, 2015. https://outsidethebeltway.com/arnaud-de-borchgrave-dead-at-88/. ↩︎

  30. United Press International, "De Borchgrave named CEO of UPI," December 16, 1998, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1998/12/16/De-Borchgrave-named-CEO-of-UPI/2072913784400/ (appointment; start January 4; editor in chief of The Washington Times, 1985 to 1991; Newsweek chief foreign correspondent, 1963 to 1980; senior adviser at CSIS and director of the Global Organized Crime Project). ↩︎

  31. Boston Globe, "Newsweek's former owner is charged in $10 million fraud," October 11, 2018. https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2018/10/11/newsweek-former-owner-charged-million-fraud/9rCmawbTJzFdh5WI6WLTPN/story.html. ↩︎

  32. New York Post, "DA eyes Newsweek $ trail," January 20, 2018. https://www.pressreader.com/usa/new-york-post/20180120/281960313169393. ↩︎

  33. "Olivet faces expanded indictment in $25 million fraud probe," Lakeville Journal, December 18, 2018 (quoting the Manhattan District Attorney's release). https://lakevillejournal.com/olivet-faces-expanded-indictment-25-million-fraud-probe. ↩︎

  34. Alejandra Molina, "Bible college and former Newsweek and Christian Post publishers plead guilty in $35 million fraud probe," Religion News Service, February 20, 2020 (quoting the Manhattan District Attorney). https://religionnews.com/2020/02/20/former-newsweek-and-christian-post-publishers-convicted-in-35-million-fraud-probe/. ↩︎

  35. Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair, S. Rept. 100-216, H. Rept. 100-433 (November 1987), ch. 26, "The Boland Amendments and the NSC Staff," p. 395 and n. 6 ("A Secret War for Nicaragua," Newsweek, Nov. 8, 1982, at 42-53; also "Fears of War Along the Border," Time, Dec. 6, 1982, at 37, 40). https://archive.org/details/reportofcongress87unit. ↩︎

  36. Walsh, Lawrence E., Final Report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters, vol. I, ch. 24, n. 206 (Hill Note, January 4, 1986, ANS 0001255-56). https://irp.fas.org/offdocs/walsh/chap_24.htm. ↩︎

  37. "The Secret World of General Secord," Newsweek, May 5, 1987, CIA Reading Room CIA-RDP90-00965R000605790003-5. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp90-00965r000605790003-5. ↩︎

  38. "The Secret World of General Secord," Newsweek, May 5, 1987, CIA Reading Room CIA-RDP90-00965R000605790003-5. https://archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp90-00965r000605790003-5. ↩︎

  39. Isikoff, Michael. "Terror Watch: A Legal Counterattack," Newsweek, April 15, 2003. https://www.newsweek.com/terror-watch-legal-counterattack-133991. ↩︎

  40. Bergman, Ronen. "Killing the Killers," Newsweek, December 13, 2010. https://www.newsweek.com/killing-killers-69081. ↩︎

  41. Schou, Nicholas. "The 'October Surprise' Was Real, Legendary Spymaster Hints in Final Interview," Newsweek, April 24, 2016 (updated June 7, 2016). https://www.newsweek.com/duane-dewey-clarridge-october-surprise-spies-cia-451611. ↩︎

  42. Stone, Brad. "Busting the Web Bandits," Newsweek, July 16, 2001 (online July 15). https://www.newsweek.com/busting-web-bandits-154463. ↩︎

  43. Elliott, Dorinda, with John Barry. "A Subliminal Dr. Strangelove," Newsweek, August 1994 (online August 21, 1994). https://www.newsweek.com/subliminal-dr-strangelove-187766. ↩︎

  44. Neda Ulaby, "'Newsweek' Retracts Story Alleging Quran Abuse," NPR Morning Edition, May 17, 2005. https://www.npr.org/2005/05/17/4654641/newsweek-retracts-story-alleging-quran-abuse. ↩︎

  45. "Newsweek retracts Quran report," Al Jazeera (Reuters), May 17, 2005. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/5/17/newsweek-retracts-quran-report. ↩︎