162 lines
27 KiB
Markdown
162 lines
27 KiB
Markdown
---
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category: "Private Organization"
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tags:
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- Organization
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- Criminal_Organization
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- Child_Trafficking
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- Intelligence_Operation
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- Dallas
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- Chicago
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- Texas
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- Illinois
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- 1970s
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- Odyssey_Network
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- Delta_Project
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- Hermes
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- Congressional_Hearings
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- State_Department_Card_File
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summary: "The Odyssey Network was a boy-prostitution and pornography enterprise that John David Norman ran under several names from Dallas and then Chicago between 1973 and 1977."
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location: "Dallas, Texas, USA; Chicago, Illinois, USA"
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relations:
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- type: head_of
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with: "[[John David Norman]]"
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role: "operator of the network under the Odyssey Foundation and Delta Project names; police described him as its mastermind"
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start: 1973
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fn: 15
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- type: participant_in
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with: "[[Phillip Paske]]"
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role: "closest associate; kept the Delta Project running while Norman was in prison"
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start: 1976
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fn: 16
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- type: investigated
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with: "[[Dallas Police Department]]"
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reverse: true
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start: 1973
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fn: 2
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- type: investigated
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with: "[[Internal Revenue Service]]"
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reverse: true
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start: 1973
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end: 1973
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fn: 2
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- type: investigated
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with: "[[Homewood Police Department]]"
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reverse: true
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start: 1973
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fn: 11
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- type: investigated
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with: "[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]"
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reverse: true
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start: 1976
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fn: 18
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created: 2026-04-28
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updated: 2026-10-14
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---
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The Odyssey Network is the name this vault gives to a boy-prostitution and pornography enterprise run by [[John David Norman]], who operated from [[Dallas, Texas]] until mid-1973 and from the Chicago area afterward. According to police in [[Chicago, Illinois]], [[Los Angeles]] and Dallas, as the [[Chicago Tribune]] reported in 1977, Norman was the operator of a series of organizations supplying boy prostitutes to male clients, among them the [[Odyssey Foundation]], the Norman Foundation, Epic International and the [[Delta Project]].[^1]
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### Dallas, 1973
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The [[Dallas Police Department]] announced on August 15, 1973, that a raid the previous evening on an apartment in the city had uncovered a nationwide procurement ring operating under the name Odyssey Foundation, with a San Diego, California, post office box. Lieutenant [[Harold Hancock]] of the Intelligence Division led the search, which the police said produced catalogue files with the names and addresses of 50,000 to 100,000 people, booklets with the pictures and names of teenage and young adult males, a camera, photo-engraving equipment and stationery bearing the name Epic International. Captain Bennie M. Newman of the Youth Division said membership was sold at $15 a year with a $3 fee for the booklets, that the young men were called "fellows" and the clients "sponsors," and that the fellows travelled the country staying with sponsors who paid their air fare to the next city. The police named the alleged leader as John Paul Norman, 45, who was freed on $7,000 bond after narcotics charges based on marijuana found in the apartment. They said he had been arrested in Houston in 1954 and 1956 on sexual assault charges and had California convictions from 1963 and, on a federal charge of sending obscene literature through the mail, 1971. Assistant Chief Donald Steele said postal inspectors and the [[Internal Revenue Service]] had entered the investigation. Captain Newman said there was no immediate evidence linking the operation to the Houston murders. A spokesman for [[Odyssey House]], a New York drug rehabilitation program, said it had no connection with the group.[^2]
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The writer [[Robin Lloyd]] wrote in 1976 that a suspected connection with the Houston murders, later proved incorrect, shut down the Odyssey Foundation in Dallas before it got started, and that sponsors were selected from a master list of 50,000 prospects and sent a booklet called "Fellows 1973."[^3] The author Clifford Linedecker wrote in 1981 that the investigation did not link Norman to the Houston slayings, and that a check of his background showed an earlier operation in several California cities, using a San Diego post office box under the names "Norman Foundation" and "Epic International."[^4]
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The Tribune gave a different date for the arrest. It reported that Hancock arrested Norman in March 1973 on charges of contributing to a juvenile's violation of state drug laws, and that Hancock seized more than 30,000 index cards listing clients around the country, some of them prominent people and some federal employees in Washington. Hancock told the paper, "I felt that some federal agency should get the cards and I contacted the [[State Department]] through the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], I think it was." He added, "All the cards were sent to Washington to the State Department, and that's the last I heard of."[^5]
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A letter from the State Department to Senator [[John C. Culver]], chairman of the Senate Subcommittee to Investigate Juvenile Delinquency, dated June 27, 1977, gives a Dallas chronology. The department's Los Angeles security office reported in August 1973 that the Dallas police were investigating a ring that used the name "Odyssey Foundation" to supply young males to people responding to its solicitations. On August 23, 1973, the Dallas police asked for passport information about a juvenile travelling in Europe under the foundation's auspices. The department found that the passport had been properly obtained. In September 1973 the Dallas resident agent sent the department material on the foundation's methods, on the understanding that it would not be disseminated outside the department. The letter adds that two individuals in the Dallas card files appeared to have State Department affiliation, that the security files of two employees with similar names were examined, and that no formal investigation followed.[^6]
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Testimony by [[Michael Sneed]] at the Senate subcommittee's Chicago hearing listed Norman's names as Evan Goodwin, Allen Hitchcock and John Shanks, and his organizations as the Odyssey Foundation, the Hasting Foundation and Epic International.[^7] A Homewood, Illinois, police supplementary report dated November 5, 1973, describes an adult who had been recruited by mail into Epic International, a group the report places in Dallas, Texas. Four checks, totaling $662, went to Epic International at a post office box in Dallas.[^8]
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Sneed also testified that Dallas police had been "investigating John Norman as a possible solicitor for these boys that were among the 27 boys that were found murdered in Texas." The reference is to the killings carried out by [[Dean Corll]] in Houston, which came to light in 1973 after [[Elmer Wayne Henley]] shot Corll.[^9] The Tribune reported that Dallas police told Sergeant Ronald Kelly of the Chicago police youth division that they had information associating Norman with the ring that helped transport those boys to Texas.[^10]
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### Chicago and the Delta Project, 1973 to 1977
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Norman moved to [[Homewood, Illinois]] in mid-1973 and lived in the home of one of his Epic International clients. A Homewood offense report, case 20228, opened on October 31, 1973, after an anonymous caller said that a white male of about thirty was performing lewd acts on youths in an apartment in the village. The report dates the offense to October 19, 1973, and names the subject as Steven Gurwell.[^11] A supplementary report dated November 1, 1973, states that the subject was out of state and due back in mid-November.[^12] A supplementary report dated November 5, 1973, states that the department was seeking a warrant for Gurwell's arrest, and a later page of the same report states that the subject left Illinois on October 25, 1973.[^13]
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The Tribune gave a different sequence. It reported that Norman, using the alias Steven Gurwell, was arrested in October 1973 after an anonymous tipster said he had lured teenage boys into sex acts with him by giving them beer. Police, the paper said, seized from him a large collection of pornography and a list of 5,000 names and addresses of clients of his various "foundations."[^14]
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Norman had been held in [[Cook County Jail]] in 1976 on charges of indecent liberties with ten teenage boys. Police told the Tribune that the Delta Project was born there. The paper reported that Norman used the jail's printing facilities to send three newsletters to clients and to people who answered his advertisements in gay publications. The newsletter gave the project's aim as "to provide educational, travel and self-development opportunities for qualified young men of character and integrity," and described "Delta-Dorms" in which "one of our sustaining members acts as a 'don' for two to four 'cadets.'" It stated that "the nature of the relationship between cadet and sponsor is left entirely to the two of them." In a prison interview Norman told the Tribune that he had corresponded with more than 7,000 people from the jail. "This has nothing to do with sex," he said. "I didn't want to get young kids involved in sex."[^15]
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The Tribune reported that the Chicago police Area 6 youth division, tipped to the project the previous February, began an investigation and found that a Chicago post office box used by the Delta Project was registered to Norman and to [[Phillip Paske]]. Paske was described by police as "a convicted murderer and thief" and as Norman's closest associate. Police said he was on probation, had been out of jail since the previous July, and had kept the project going while Norman was in prison.[^16] The Tribune reported that police credited Norman with a record of 13 arrests for sex offenses going back to 1954, and noted that [[Judianne Densen-Gerber]] of New York, who headed a national movement against child abuse, ran an unrelated program called Odyssey Institute.[^16] Norman pleaded guilty in December 1976 to eight counts of indecent liberties with a child and was sentenced to four years. The paper reported that someone in California whom police could not identify had provided the $36,000 cash needed for his bail after he published his first newsletter from the jail.[^17]
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On October 19, 1976, the Federal Bureau of Investigation Chicago office recorded in a memorandum (file 166-2548) information from an investigator for the Cook County state's attorney's office, furnished on October 18. The memorandum names Norman, John Shanks and Paske, reports that an investigation indicated "The Delta Project" was a business transporting young males interstate to paying customers for prostitution, and states that some of the customers may be federal employees. It recommends opening a new case.[^18] The same file's serial index lists as item 1 Homewood police reports "concerning Delta Project, John Norman," and as item 2 a [[Hermes]] publication of 1976.[^19] A receipt dated November 1, 1976, describes the Homewood reports as covering October 13, 1973, to May 14, 1974.[^20]
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### The 1977 hearings and the Tribune series
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The network came under investigation in 1977 following arrests in Chicago that revealed connections to Norman's operation. The investigation uncovered the systematic nature of the trafficking operation, including the use of coded communications and the exploitation of vulnerable children through foster care and juvenile systems.[^1]
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The Tribune series appeared in May 1977. The May 16 installment, the second of four parts, was written by Ray Moseley from reporting by Sneed and [[George Bliss]], who had spent three months on the investigation. The House Subcommittee on Crime of the Committee on the Judiciary reprinted it in the record of its 1977 hearings, *Sexual Exploitation of Children*, Serial No. 12.[^1]
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On May 27, 1977, Bliss and Sneed testified before the Senate Subcommittee to Investigate Juvenile Delinquency in Chicago. Bliss said the State Department had told the reporters that it "shredded the 35,000 cards in 1974 because they couldn't find any use for them," and that the cards "didn't pertain to their department." Bliss said he thought the department official the reporters had spoken to was William Minitz. He added that another 5,000 cards had been found when Norman was arrested in Homewood.[^21]
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The June 27, 1977, State Department letter gives a different account of the cards. It states that on December 12, 1974, the Dallas police turned over to the department "three cartons containing several thousand 3x5 cards" obtained from the Odyssey Foundation in the investigation. The three cartons were sent to Washington on January 2, 1975, and placed in storage. After a Privacy Act review beginning September 27, 1975, the letter says, the cards were "determined not to qualify as records relevant to the Department's statutory purpose and were destroyed."[^22] [[Henry Kissinger]] was Secretary of State when the cartons were handed over and when the cards were destroyed.[^22]
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### Paske and the city of Chicago, 1977
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The Tribune reported on August 16, 1977, that the city of Chicago had fired Phillip R. Paske, 25, on Monday, August 15, from a job as children's supervisor at a fire department swimming pool, after the paper informed city officials of his background. City records showed he was hired as a summer employee on July 28 and assigned to the fire department gymnasium pool near Navy Pier, at $4.75 an hour under the federal Comprehensive Employment and Training Act. The paper reported that until July 1 Paske and Norman had shared a post office box in both their names, which police said was used to operate the Delta Project, and that Paske had been jailed as the driver of a getaway car in the robbery-killing of a stamp collector, originally charged with murder and later pleading guilty to attempted armed robbery under a plea bargain.[^23]
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### The card file
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The accounts in the record differ on the number of cards. Hancock's account in the Tribune gives more than 30,000 index cards. Bliss's Senate testimony gives 35,000 cards shredded in 1974. The State Department letter describes three cartons of several thousand cards received in December 1974 and destroyed after the 1975 review. The Tribune quoted [[Matthew Nimetz]], identified as a counselor for the State Department, as saying that officials there had determined "the cards were not relevant to any fraud case concerning a passport" and had therefore destroyed them. Nimetz could not explain to the paper why the department had looked at the cards only as possible passport irregularities, or why it had not passed them to the FBI or to postal inspectors.[^24]
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### Front organizations and North Fox Island
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A four-month investigation by the [[Traverse City]] Record-Eagle, reprinted in the House volume, reported that Gerald Richards, then serving time in prison for criminal sexual conduct, had confessed that three tax-exempt organizations were fronts for producing homosexual child pornography: the Church of the New Revelation of Kearny, New Jersey, the [[Ocean Living Institute]] and the [[Educational Foundation for Youth]] of Illinois. Richards had been president of [[Brother Paul's Children's Mission]], whose nature camp on [[North Fox Island]] was created and operated under the church's auspices. The Record-Eagle reported that the Internal Revenue Service had declared the church and the Educational Foundation for Youth exempt from tax, and had granted the institute the same exemption, without investigating their claims to charitable status. It reported that the foundation was harder to trace. The Illinois Secretary of State's office in Springfield had no record of it, and a clerk in the Chicago office where it was said to be located described it as a non-profit arm of an import-export company incorporated in 1962 and involuntarily dissolved in 1975 for failure to pay franchise taxes.[^25]
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The Record-Eagle reported that [[Francis Shelden]], an Ann Arbor millionaire who owned North Fox Island, was charged with two counts of criminal sexual conduct with boys and was being sought under a federal flight warrant. Richards had named Shelden as connected with the camp. Authorities in Tennessee and Louisiana had acknowledged that their welfare departments were duped into making payments to support children used for homosexual and pornographic purposes.[^26]
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Hermes, according to the Tribune, was a bimonthly newsletter printed in Chicago that contained "line drawings and photographs of naked boys," articles on "boy love," and advertisements listing coded names through which subscribers could contact one another. The paper said police had identified three men as its principal figures. Police said they could take no action against the operation in the absence of an Illinois obscenity law, which a federal court had declared unconstitutional the year before.[^27]
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### Shelden, PAN and Amsterdam
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The network operated as part of a larger international system for the exploitation of children, coordinating with similar operations across the United States and Europe.[^28] The writer S. Dovey wrote that Shelden fled Michigan to avoid prosecution, went to [[Amsterdam]] and began a newsletter there called [[PAN Magazine]] under the pen name Frank Torey. Dovey wrote that the first edition appeared in 1979 through a publishing house owned by [[John Stamford]], a defrocked Anglican priest who had fled Britain in 1972, and that PAN platformed an organization called [[Spartacus International]]. Dovey wrote that Shelden worked with Stamford's [[Spartacus Network]], which the same writer treated as the European counterpart of the Odyssey Network.[^28]
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### Gacy and the Chicago accomplices
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The writer S. Dovey wrote that [[John Wayne Gacy]], after his December 1978 arrest, named [[Michael Rossi]] and [[David Cram]] as accomplices who had buried bodies in the crawlspace of his house. Dovey wrote that Gacy then named Phillip Paske as a third accomplice, a child pimp who procured boys for sex, and through Paske named Norman as a fourth. Dovey wrote that Gacy said Cram, Rossi and Paske all had keys to his house. In a recorded conversation later played publicly, Gacy said that "Rossi, Cram, Paske, and Norman were involved in the case."[^29] The Illinois Supreme Court's 1984 opinion on Gacy's appeal records Cram's testimony that Gacy "had him dig trenches in the crawl space, purportedly for drainage purposes," and records Rossi's testimony that he worked for Gacy. The opinion does not mention Norman or Paske.[^30]
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### Later court records and arrests
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On March 21, 1979, the Illinois Supreme Court denied an original petition for habeas corpus filed by Norman. The order states that Norman claimed he had been misadvised, when he pleaded guilty, that there would be no mandatory parole term after his sentence. The court held that habeas corpus was not available for that claim and denied the petition without prejudice to a post-conviction petition in the trial court.[^31]
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A Colorado Bureau of Investigation identification record for Norman, issued April 1, 2020, lists Denver arrests on February 26, 1982, on a commercial sex solicitation charge and a felony charge of commercial sexual exploitation of a child. A Denver police entry dated June 10, 1988, lists second-degree sexual assault and sexual assault on a child, and the record shows Norman received at the Territorial Correctional Facility in Canon City, Colorado, on April 30, 1990, on two counts of sexual assault on a child.[^32]
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### Illinois investigation, 1980
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The Illinois Legislative Investigating Commission published a report titled *Sexual Exploitation of Children* in 1980. The catalog abstract describes a three-year study of child pornography and child prostitution with an emphasis on Illinois, undertaken at the request of the Illinois House of Representatives, in which investigators operated front enterprises, among them a summer camp.[^33]
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: Ray Moseley, with Michael Sneed and George Bliss, "Chicago Is Center of National Child Porno Ring," *Chicago Tribune*, May 16, 1977, reprinted in U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime, *Sexual Exploitation of Children*, hearings, 95th Congress, 1st session, Serial No. 12 (1977), pp. 433-435. https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153502_0041
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[^2]: "Alleged Homosexual Ring Found in a Raid on Apartment in Dallas," *New York Times*, August 16, 1973, p. 16. https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/16/archives/alleged-homosexual-ring-found-in-a-raid-on-apartment-in-dallass.html
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[^3]: Robin Lloyd, *For Money or Love: Boy Prostitution in America* (1976), p. 80. https://archive.org/details/formoneyorlovebo0000lloy
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[^4]: Clifford L. Linedecker, *Children in Chains* (New York: Everest House, 1981), pp. 212-213. https://archive.org/details/childreninchains0000line
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[^5]: *Chicago Tribune*, May 16, 1977, reprinted in *Sexual Exploitation of Children*, Serial No. 12 (1977), p. 435. https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153502_0041
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[^6]: Letter from Douglas J. Bennett Jr., Assistant Secretary for Congressional Relations, U.S. Department of State, to Sen. John C. Culver, June 27, 1977, reprinted in U.S. Senate, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee to Investigate Juvenile Delinquency, *Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation*, hearings, Chicago, May 27, 1977, and Washington, June 16, 1977, 95th Congress, 1st session, p. 120. https://archive.org/details/protectionofchil00unit
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[^7]: Testimony of Michael Sneed, *Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation*, Chicago, May 27, 1977, p. 53. https://archive.org/details/protectionofchil00unit
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[^8]: Homewood, Illinois, Police Department, Supplementary Investigation Report, Case No. 20228, dated November 5, 1973, first page. Item "John Norman records from Homewood PD," Internet Archive, 2019. https://archive.org/details/JohnNorman_HomewoodPD
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[^9]: Testimony of Michael Sneed, *Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation*, Chicago, May 27, 1977, p. 60. https://archive.org/details/protectionofchil00unit
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[^10]: *Chicago Tribune*, May 16, 1977, reprinted in *Sexual Exploitation of Children*, Serial No. 12 (1977), p. 434. https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153502_0041
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[^11]: Homewood, Illinois, Police Department, Offense Report, Case No. 20228, "Indecent Liberties with a Child," dated October 31, 1973, reported by anonymous caller. https://archive.org/details/JohnNorman_HomewoodPD
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[^12]: Homewood Police Department, Supplementary Investigation Report, Case No. 20228, dated November 1, 1973. https://archive.org/details/JohnNorman_HomewoodPD
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[^13]: Homewood Police Department, Supplementary Investigation Report, Case No. 20228, dated November 5, 1973, second page (subject left Illinois October 25, 1973; warrant being sought). https://archive.org/details/JohnNorman_HomewoodPD
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[^14]: *Chicago Tribune*, May 16, 1977, reprinted in *Sexual Exploitation of Children*, Serial No. 12 (1977), p. 434 (arrest in October 1973 under the alias Steven Gurwell; list of 5,000 names and addresses). https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153502_0041
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[^15]: *Chicago Tribune*, May 16, 1977, reprinted in *Sexual Exploitation of Children*, Serial No. 12 (1977), pp. 433-434 (Delta Project born in Cook County Jail; newsletter text; Norman's statements; 7,000 correspondents). https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153502_0041
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[^16]: *Chicago Tribune*, May 16, 1977, reprinted in *Sexual Exploitation of Children*, Serial No. 12 (1977), p. 434 (Area 6 youth division; post office box registered to Paske and Norman; Paske on probation and out of jail since the previous July). https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153502_0041
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[^17]: *Chicago Tribune*, May 16, 1977, reprinted in *Sexual Exploitation of Children*, Serial No. 12 (1977), p. 435 (December 1976 plea and sentence; bail of $36,000). https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153502_0041
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[^18]: Federal Bureau of Investigation, memorandum, SAC Chicago (166-NEW), dated October 19, 1976, subject John David Norman, John Shanks, Phillip Paske, ITAR-Prostitution, file 166-2548, in FOIPA release 1352511-001 (Philip Paske file). https://vault.fbi.gov/philip-paske/philip-paske-part-01
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[^19]: Federal Bureau of Investigation, FD-340 serial index, file 166-2548-1A, items 1 and 2, in FOIPA release 1352511-001. https://vault.fbi.gov/philip-paske/philip-paske-part-01
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[^20]: Federal Bureau of Investigation, FD-340 receipt, file 166-2548-1A1, date received November 1, 1976, description "Homewood, Ill., PD reports concerning Delta Project & John Norman, 10/13/73 - 5-14-74," in FOIPA release 1352511-001. https://vault.fbi.gov/philip-paske/philip-paske-part-01
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[^21]: Testimony of George Bliss and Michael Sneed, *Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation*, Chicago, May 27, 1977, p. 58. https://archive.org/details/protectionofchil00unit
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[^22]: Letter from Douglas J. Bennett Jr. to Sen. John C. Culver, June 27, 1977, *Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation*, p. 120 (cartons received by the department January 2, 1975; storage; Privacy Act review from September 27, 1975). https://archive.org/details/protectionofchil00unit
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[^23]: "Porno-Ring Suspect Fired by City," *Chicago Tribune*, August 16, 1977, p. 31 (Metropolitan section).
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[^24]: *Chicago Tribune*, May 16, 1977, reprinted in *Sexual Exploitation of Children*, Serial No. 12 (1977), p. 435 (Nimetz statement). https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153502_0041
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[^25]: Traverse City Record-Eagle, "Porno Ring Uses Church, Tax Laws," by Marilyn Wright, reprinted in *Sexual Exploitation of Children*, Serial No. 12 (1977) (clipping undated in the reprint; Richards confession, Church of the New Revelation, Ocean Living Institute, Educational Foundation for Youth, IRS exemptions, Secretary of State search). https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153502_0041
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[^26]: Traverse City Record-Eagle, reprinted in *Sexual Exploitation of Children*, Serial No. 12 (1977) (undated clipping on the Ann Arbor millionaire who owned North Fox Island; charges, federal flight warrant, welfare payments in Tennessee and Louisiana). https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153502_0041
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[^27]: *Chicago Tribune*, May 16, 1977, reprinted in *Sexual Exploitation of Children*, Serial No. 12 (1977), p. 435 (Hermes described; coded advertisements; three principal figures); p. 434 (no action absent an Illinois obscenity law). https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153502_0041
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[^28]: S. Dovey, *Eye of the Chickenhawk* (2023), passages on Shelden in Amsterdam, PAN Magazine, the Frank Torey pen name and John Stamford.
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[^29]: S. Dovey, *Eye of the Chickenhawk* (2023), passages on Gacy's statements naming Rossi, Cram, Paske and Norman, and on the keys to Gacy's house.
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[^30]: *People v. Gacy*, 103 Ill. 2d 1 (1984), Illinois Supreme Court, June 6, 1984, testimony of David Cram (trenches in the crawl space) and Michael Rossi (worked for the defendant). https://static.case.law/ill-2d/103/cases/0001-01.json
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[^31]: *Norman v. Elrod*, 76 Ill. 2d 426 (1979), No. 51521, order entered March 21, 1979 (per curiam). https://static.case.law/ill-2d/76/cases/0426-01.json
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[^32]: Colorado Bureau of Investigation, identification record for "Norman, John David," issued April 1, 2020, arrest and custody entries for Denver Police Department and Territorial Correctional Facility, Canon City. https://archive.org/details/JohnNorman_CBI
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[^33]: Illinois Legislative Investigating Commission, *Sexual Exploitation of Children* (1980), NCJ 72440, National Criminal Justice Reference Service catalog record. https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=72440
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