28 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
28 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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created: 2026-06-13
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updated: 2026-06-13
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title: Standard Oil
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aliases:
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- Standard Oil Company
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- Standard Oil of New Jersey
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tags:
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- Organization
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- Company
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- Oil
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- Rockefeller
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- LatinAmerica
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category: "Private Organization"
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summary: "Standard Oil was the John D. Rockefeller oil monopoly broken up in 1911 into successor companies whose Latin American operations, particularly Standard Oil of New Jersey, underwrote the Rockefeller family's mid-century influence over U.S. hemispheric policy."
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start: 1870
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location: "United States"
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---
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Standard Oil was the petroleum monopoly founded in 1870 by [[John D. Rockefeller]] that controlled roughly ninety percent of American oil refining before the U.S. Supreme Court ordered its dissolution in 1911 under the [[Sherman Antitrust Act]]. The breakup created successor companies, including Standard Oil of [[New Jersey]] (later Exxon), Standard Oil of New York (Mobil), and Standard Oil of California (Chevron), whose combined assets preserved the [[Rockefeller Foundation|Rockefeller]] family's financial power.[^1]
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### Latin America and the Rockefeller Network
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Standard Oil of New Jersey's extensive holdings in [[Venezuela]] and across [[Latin America]] made the region central to the family's interests, and the young [[Nelson Rockefeller]] became a director of the company's Venezuelan subsidiary, Creole Petroleum, in the 1930s. His effort to manage the political risk to those holdings led to his 1940 appointment as [[Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs]], the wartime office that fused commercial interests, intelligence collection, and propaganda across the hemisphere.[^2]
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### Footnotes
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[^1]: Chernow, Ron. *Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.* Random House, 1998.
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[^2]: Colby, Gerard, and Charlotte Dennett. *Thy Will Be Done: The Conquest of the Amazon: Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil.* HarperCollins, 1995.
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